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Paternal Family Tree: Fitzmaldred aka Neville
Maternal Family Tree: Katherine Swynford aka Roet Duchess Lancaster 1350-1403
Descendants Family Tree: Richard Neville Earl Salisbury 1400-1460
In or before 1383 [his father] Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland (age 18) and Margaret Stafford Baroness Neville Raby (age 18) were married. She the daughter of Hugh Stafford 2nd Earl Stafford (age 46) and Philippa Beauchamp Countess Stafford (age 48). They were second cousin once removed. He a great x 5 grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
In 1391 Robert Ferrers (age 18) and [his mother] Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland (age 12) were married at Beaufort en Vallée [Map]. She the illegitmate daughter of [his grandfather] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 50) and [his grandmother] Katherine Swynford aka Roet Duchess Lancaster (age 40).
Before 29th November 1396 [his father] Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland (age 32) and [his mother] Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland (age 17) were married. She by marriage Baroness Neville Raby. She the illegitmate daughter of [his grandfather] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 56) and [his grandmother] Katherine Swynford aka Roet Duchess Lancaster (age 46). They were half fifth cousins. He a great x 5 grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England. She a granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
In 1400 Richard Neville Earl Salisbury was born to [his father] Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland (age 36) and [his mother] Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland (age 21). He a great grandson of King Edward III of England.
Around 1403 [his father] Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland (age 39) was appointed 105th Knight of the Garter by [his uncle] King Henry IV of England (age 35).
On 3rd December 1403 Roger Scrope 2nd Baron Scrope of Bolton (age 34) died at Bolton, Lancashire. He was buried at Easby Abbey, Yorkshire [Map]. His son [his future brother-in-law] Richard (age 10) succeeded 3rd Baron Scrope of Bolton. [his half-sister] Margaret Neville Baroness Scrope Bolton by marriage Baroness Scrope of Bolton.
On 28th October 1407 [his brother-in-law] John Greystoke 4th Baron Greystoke (age 18) and [his half-sister] Elizabeth Ferrers Baroness Greystoke (age 14) were married at Greystoke Castle, Cumberland. She by marriage Baroness Greystoke. She the daughter of Robert Ferrers and [his mother] Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland (age 28). They were fifth cousins. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
On 12th January 1412 [his brother-in-law] John Mowbray 2nd Duke of Norfolk (age 20) and [his sister] Katherine Neville Duchess Norfolk (age 12) were married. She the daughter of [his father] Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland (age 48) and [his mother] Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland (age 33). He the son of Thomas Mowbray 1st Duke of Norfolk and Elizabeth Fitzalan Duchess Norfolk (age 46). They were fourth cousins. He a great x 3 grandson of King Edward I of England. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
Before 1414 [his brother-in-law] Richard Despencer 4th Baron Burghesh (age 17) and [his sister] Eleanor Neville Countess Northumberland (age 16) were married. She by marriage Baroness Burghesh. She the daughter of [his father] Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland (age 49) and [his mother] Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland (age 34). He the son of Thomas Despencer 1st Earl Gloucester and Constance York Countess Gloucester (age 39). They were second cousins. He a great grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
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The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.
Before 6th September 1415 [his brother-in-law] Piers Mauley 5th Baron de Mauley (age 38) and [his half-sister] Maud Neville Baroness Haversham (age 32) were married. She by marriage Baroness Haversham. She the daughter of [his father] Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland (age 51) and Margaret Stafford Baroness Neville Raby. They were third cousins. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
BeforeOn 4th June 1418 [his brother-in-law] Richard Scrope 3rd Baron Scrope of Bolton (age 25) and [his half-sister] Margaret Neville Baroness Scrope Bolton were married. She the daughter of [his father] Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland (age 54) and Margaret Stafford Baroness Neville Raby. They were fourth cousins. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
Before 8th July 1418 [his brother-in-law] Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland (age 25) and [his sister] Eleanor Neville Countess Northumberland (age 21) were married. She by marriage Countess of Northumberland. She the daughter of [his father] Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland (age 54) and [his mother] Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland (age 39). They were second cousins. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
Before 1422 [his brother] William Neville 1st Earl Kent (age 16) and [his sister-in-law] Joan Fauconberg Countess Kent (age 15) were married. He the son of [his father] Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland (age 57) and [his mother] Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland (age 42).
Before 1423 Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 22) and Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury (age 15) were married. She the daughter of Thomas Montagu 1st Count Perche 4th Earl Salisbury (age 34) and Eleanor Holland. He the son of Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland (age 58) and Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland (age 43). They were half fourth cousins. He a great grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
In 1423 [his daughter] Joan Neville Countess Arundel was born to Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 23) and [his wife] Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury (age 16). She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. She married before 1450 her third cousin William Fitzalan 9th or 16th Earl of Arundel, son of John Fitzalan 6th or 13th Earl of Arundel and Eleanor Berkeley Countess Arundel, and had issue.
In 1424 [his daughter] Cecily Neville Duchess Warwick was born to Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 24) and [his wife] Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury (age 17). She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. She married (1) 1434 her third cousin Henry Beauchamp 1st Duke Warwick, son of Richard Beauchamp 13th Earl Warwick and Isabel Despencer Countess Warwick and Worcester, and had issue (2) 1449 her second cousin John "Butcher of England" Tiptoft 1st Earl of Worcester, son of John Tiptoft 1st Baron Tiptoft and Joyce Charleton Baroness Tiptoft.
Before 18th October 1424 [his brother-in-law] Humphrey Stafford 6th Earl Stafford (age 22) and [his sister] Anne Neville Duchess Buckingham (age 16) were married. She by marriage Countess Stafford. She the daughter of [his father] Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland (age 60) and [his mother] Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland (age 45). He the son of Edmund Stafford 5th Earl Stafford and Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford (age 41). They were second cousins. He a great grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
In June 1425 [his brother-in-law] John Mowbray 2nd Duke of Norfolk (age 33) was restored 2nd Duke Norfolk by Parliament. [his sister] Katherine Neville Duchess Norfolk (age 25) by marriage Duchess Norfolk.
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The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall describes the reigns of Kings Henry II, Richard I, John and Henry III, providing a wealth of information about their lives and the events of the time. Ralph's work is detailed, comprehensive and objective. We have augmented Ralph's text with extracts from other contemporary chroniclers to enrich the reader's experience. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.
On 21st October 1425 [his father] Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland (age 61) died. He was buried at St Mary's Church, Staindrop [Map]. His grandson Ralph (age 19) succeeded 2nd Earl of Westmoreland. Elizabeth Percy Countess of Westmoreland (age 30) by marriage Countess of Westmoreland.
Monument to Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland and his wives Margaret Stafford Baroness Neville Raby and [his mother] Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland (age 46). Early Plate Bascinet Period. Orle. Man with Two Wives.
Elizabeth Percy Countess of Westmoreland: Around 1395 she was born to Henry "Hotspur" Percy and Elizabeth Mortimer Baroness Camoys at Alnwick Castle, Northumberland [Map]. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. Around 1404 John Clifford 7th Baron Clifford and she were married. She by marriage Baroness de Clifford. They were third cousin once removed. He a great x 4 grandson of King Edward I of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. In 1426 Ralph Neville 2nd Earl of Westmoreland and she were married. They were second cousin once removed. He a great x 3 grandson of King Edward I of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. On 26th October 1436 Elizabeth Percy Countess of Westmoreland died.
On 3rd November 1428 [his father-in-law] Thomas Montagu 1st Count Perche 4th Earl Salisbury (age 40) died from wounds received at the Siege of Orléans. His daughter [his wife] Alice (age 21) succeeded 5th Countess Salisbury, 4th Baroness Montagu, 7th Baroness Montagu, 6th Baroness Monthermer. Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 28) by marriage Earl Salisbury.
On 22nd November 1428 [his son] Richard "Kingmaker" Neville Earl Warwick, 6th Earl Salisbury was born to Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 28) and [his wife] Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury (age 21). He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. He married 1436 his third cousin Anne Beauchamp 16th Countess Warwick, daughter of Richard Beauchamp 13th Earl Warwick and Isabel Despencer Countess Warwick and Worcester, and had issue.
In 1429 [his sister-in-law] Joan Fauconberg Countess Kent (age 22) abeyance terminated 6th Baroness Fauconberg. [his brother] William Neville 1st Earl Kent (age 24) by marriage Baron Fauconberg. Not clear whether the abeyance was terminated as a consequence of an unknown sister of Joan Fauconberg Countess Kent dying and Joan being the only remaining descendant.
In October 1429 [his brother-in-law] Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York (age 18) and [his sister] Cecily "Rose of Raby" Neville Duchess York (age 14) were married. She by marriage Duchess York. She was the youngest sister of Richard's brother-in-arms Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 29). She the daughter of [his father] Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland and [his mother] Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland (age 50). He the son of Richard of Conisbrough 1st Earl Cambridge and Anne Mortimer. They were second cousins. He a great grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
In or before 1430 [his son] Thomas Neville was born to Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 29) and [his wife] Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury (age 22). He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. He married on or before 24th August 1453 Maud Stanhope 4th Baroness Cromwell Baroness Willoughby of Eresby.
Around 1430 [his daughter] Alice Neville Baroness Fitzhugh was born to Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 30) and [his wife] Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury (age 23). She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. She married in or before 1448 her third cousin once removed Henry Fitzhugh 5th Baron Fitzhugh, son of William Fitzhugh 4th Baron Fitzhugh and Margery Willoughby Baroness Fitzhugh, and had issue.
Around 1431 [his son] John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu was born to Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 31) and [his wife] Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury (age 24). He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. He married 25th April 1457 his second cousin once removed Isabel Ingaldsthorpe and had issue.
In 1432 [his son] Archbishop George Neville was born to Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 32) and [his wife] Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury (age 25). He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England.
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The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.
In 1432 [his brother] George Neville 1st Baron Latimer of Snape (age 25) was created 1st Baron Latimer of Snape.
In 1434 [his half-sister] Elizabeth Ferrers Baroness Greystoke (age 41) died.
In 1434 [his son-in-law] Henry Beauchamp 1st Duke Warwick (age 8) and [his daughter] Cecily Neville Duchess Warwick (age 10) were married at Titchfield Abbey, Hampshire [Map]. A Marriage of Two Sets of Siblings. His sister [his future daughter-in-law] Anne Beauchamp 16th Countess Warwick (age 7) would marry her brother [his son] Richard "Kingmaker" Neville Earl Warwick, 6th Earl Salisbury (age 5) two years later. She the daughter of Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 34) and [his wife] Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury (age 27). He the son of Richard Beauchamp 13th Earl Warwick (age 51) and Isabel Despencer Countess Warwick and Worcester (age 33). They were third cousins. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
In 1436 [his brother] Edward Neville 1st Baron Abergavenny (age 23) and [his sister-in-law] Elizabeth Beauchamp 3rd Baroness Bergavenny (age 20) were married. He by marriage Baron Abergavenny. She the daughter of Richard Beauchamp 1st Earl of Worcester and Isabel Despencer Countess Warwick and Worcester (age 35). He the son of [his father] Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland and [his mother] Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland (age 57). They were second cousin once removed. He a great grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
In 1436 [his son] Richard "Kingmaker" Neville Earl Warwick, 6th Earl Salisbury (age 7) and [his daughter-in-law] Anne Beauchamp 16th Countess Warwick (age 9) were married. A Marriage of Two Sets of Siblings. His sister [his daughter] Cecily Neville Duchess Warwick (age 12) had previously married her brother [his son-in-law] Henry Beauchamp 1st Duke Warwick (age 10). She the daughter of Richard Beauchamp 13th Earl Warwick (age 53) and Isabel Despencer Countess Warwick and Worcester (age 35). He the son of Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 36) and [his wife] Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury (age 29). They were third cousins. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
Chronicle of Gregory [1400-1467]. 1436. And that same year the Mayre of London sende, by the goode a-vyse and consent of craftys, sent sowdyers to Calys [Map], for it was said that the Duke of Burgone (age 39) lay sege unto Calis. And soo he dyd son aftyr, as ye shalle hyre here after. And at the Parlyment be-fore it was ordaynyde that the [his brother-in-law] Duke of Yorke (age 24) shulde in to Fraunce with certayne lordys with him in stede of the Eegaunt. And whythe him went the Erle of Salysbury (age 36). Ande the Erle of Mortayne (age 30) wente to Calys [Map] son aftyr Estyr.
And the xiiij day aftyr he made a roode in to Flaunders, and he slowe and toke xv c [1500] of Flemmyngys, and many bestys; the nombyr is more thenne I canne certaynely reherse. And a-non aftyr the Duke of Burgone layde his sege unto Calys whythe a strong ordynaunce and a mighty, with xl M [40000] men and moo. And they made grete bulworkys, and grete bastylys, and strong forty fycacy on.
Before 1437 [his brother-in-law] Thomas Strangeways (age 41) and [his sister] Katherine Neville Duchess Norfolk (age 36) were married. She the daughter of [his father] Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland and [his mother] Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland (age 57).
In 1437 [his brother] George Neville 1st Baron Latimer of Snape (age 30) and [his sister-in-law] Elizabeth Beauchamp Baroness Latimer (age 20) were married. She by marriage Baroness Latimer of Snape. She the daughter of Richard Beauchamp 13th Earl Warwick (age 54) and Elizabeth Berkeley Countess Warwick. He the son of [his father] Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland and [his mother] Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland (age 58). They were second cousin once removed. He a great grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
In 1438 Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 38) was appointed 152nd Knight of the Garter by King Henry VI of England and II of France (age 16).
On 1st October 1438 [his half-sister] Maud Neville Baroness Haversham (age 55) died.
On 30th April 1439 Richard Beauchamp 13th Earl Warwick (age 57) died at Rouen, France [Map]. His son [his son-in-law] Henry (age 14) succeeded 14th Earl Warwick. [his daughter] Cecily Neville Duchess Warwick (age 15) by marriage Countess Warwick.
In the middle of the Beauchamp Chapel [Map] lieth upon a tomb of marble, in full statue, the effigy of Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, in armour, all made of fine latten brass, doubly guilt.
Besides these there stand round about, his tomb, eighteen lesser images, made of brass and gilt, resembling angels, with this label: Glory and for Praise to God - Mercy to the Dead.
The Inscription about his tomb, engraved in brass, in the uncouth diction and spelling, is as follows:
Preith devoutly for the Sowel whom God assoile of one of the moost worshipful Knightes, in his Dayles of Monhode and Conning. Richard Beauchamp, late Earl of Warrewyk. Lord Despenser of Bergevenny, of mony other grete Lordships; whose Body resteth here under this Tumbe in a ful seire voute of Stone set on the bare rooch, the which visited with longe sikness in the Castel of Roan therinne deceased full cristenty the last day of April, the yer of our Lord God MCCCCXXXIX. He being at that time lieutenant, genal and goverin of the Roialmes of Fraunce, and of the Duchie of Normandie by sufficient authorite of oure Sovaigne Lord the King Harry the sixth, the which body with grete deliberacon and ful worshipful Conduit by see and by lond was brought to Warrewik the iiii day of October the yer aboveseide and was leide with ful solemne exequies in a feir Chest made of Stone in this Church, afore the west dore of this Chapel according to his last Wille and Testament therein to reste, til this Chapel by him devised in his lief were made. At the whuche Chapel founded on the rooche and alle the Membres thereof, his Executors dede fully make and apparaille, by the autorite of his said wille & Testament, and thereafter by the same autorite then dide translate ful worshipfully the seide body into the vout abouesaide; honired be God therefore.
At his head there is a great helm with a crest of a swan with a Coronet around its neck.
At his right foot a muzzled bear which features on the Beauchamp Bear and Ragged Staff badge.
At his left foot a griffin.
Over the said monument is a hearse of brass, gilt, made designedly to support a covering over the curious repository of the remains of this once great Earl.
Round about his tomb, stand fourteen images of brass, all gilt; under the feet of each of them is a coat of arms. These images are resembling fourteen lords and ladies, called weepers.
At the head of the tomb: Henry Beauchamp, Duke of Warwick, and Lady Cecil, his wife, daughter to Richard Nevil, Earl of Salisbury (age 39).
On the south side: Richard Nevil, Earl of Salisbury;
Edmund Beaufort (age 33), Duke of Somerset;
Humphrey Stafford (age 36), Duke of Buckingham;
John Talbot (age 56), Earl of Shrewsbury;
Richard Nevil (age 10), Earl of Warwick.
At the foot of the tomb: George Nevil (age 32), Lord Lattimer, and Elizabeth (age 22), his wife, daughter to Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick.
On the north side: Anne (age 12), daughter to Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, wife to Richard, Earl of Warwick.
Eleanor (age 30), daughter to Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, and wife to Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset;
Anne (age 31), daughter to Ralph Nevill, Earl of Westmoreland, wife to Humphrey Stafford, Duke of Buckingham;
Margaret (age 35), eldest daughter to Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, wife to John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury;
Alice (age 32), daughter and heiress to Thomas Montague, Earl of Salisbury, wife to Richard Nevil, Earl of Salisbury;
In 1440 [his brother] William Neville 1st Earl Kent (age 35) was appointed 155th Knight of the Garter by King Henry VI of England and II of France (age 18).
On 13th November 1440 [his mother] Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland (age 61) died at Howden. She was buried at Lincoln Cathedral [Map] next to her mother [his grandmother] Katherine Swynford aka Roet Duchess Lancaster.
In October 1441 [his brother-in-law] John Beaumont 1st Viscount Beaumont (age 32) and [his sister] Katherine Neville Duchess Norfolk (age 41) were married. She by marriage Viscountess Beaumont. She the daughter of [his father] Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland and [his mother] Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland. They were fourth cousins. He a great x 5 grandson of King Henry III of England. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
All About History Books
The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.
In 1442 [his daughter] Katherine Neville Baroness Bonville and Hastings was born to Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 42) and [his wife] Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury (age 35). She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. She married (1) 1458 her fourth cousin once removed William Bonville 6th Baron Harington and had issue (2) before 6th February 1462 her half fourth cousin once removed William Hastings 1st Baron Hastings and had issue.
Around 1444 [his daughter] Margaret Neville Countess of Oxford was born to Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 44) and [his wife] Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury (age 37). She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. She married in or before 1465 her third cousin once removed John de Vere 13th Earl of Oxford, son of John de Vere 12th Earl of Oxford and Elizabeth Howard Countess of Oxford.
In September 1444 [his brother-in-law] Humphrey Stafford 6th Earl Stafford (age 42) was created 1st Duke of Buckingham by King Henry VI of England and II of France (age 22) in reward for many years of loyal and continuous service to the Crown. [his sister] Anne Neville Duchess Buckingham (age 36) by marriage Duchess of Buckingham.
In 1447 [his daughter] Eleanor Neville Baroness Stanley was born to Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 47) and [his wife] Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury (age 40). She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. She married 1451 her third cousin Thomas Stanley 1st Earl of Derby, son of Thomas Stanley 1st Baron Stanley and Jane Goushill Baroness Stanley, and had issue.
On 20th February 1447 Humphrey Lancaster 1st Duke Gloucester (age 56) was arrested on a charge of treason by [his brother-in-law] John Beaumont 1st Viscount Beaumont (age 37), [his brother-in-law] Humphrey Stafford 1st Duke of Buckingham (age 44), Edmund Beaufort 1st or 2nd Duke of Somerset (age 41), Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 47) and Ralph Boteler 6th and 1st Baron Sudeley (age 58).
In or before 1448 [his son-in-law] Henry Fitzhugh 5th Baron Fitzhugh (age 18) and [his daughter] Alice Neville Baroness Fitzhugh (age 17) were married. She by marriage Baroness Fitzhugh. She the daughter of Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 47) and [his wife] Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury (age 40). They were third cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
After 18th June 1448 [his brother] Edward Neville 1st Baron Abergavenny (age 35) and [his sister-in-law] Katherine Howard Baroness Bergavenny (age 34) were married. He the son of [his father] Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland and [his mother] Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland. They were fourth cousin once removed. He a great grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
In 1449 [his son-in-law] John "Butcher of England" Tiptoft 1st Earl of Worcester (age 21) and [his daughter] Cecily Neville Duchess Warwick (age 25) were married. Her second marriage; her first husband [his former son-in-law] Henry Beauchamp 1st Duke Warwick had died three years earlier - she was a wealthy widow. She died a year later. She the daughter of Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 49) and [his wife] Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury (age 42). They were second cousins. He a great x 4 grandson of King Edward I of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
On 16th July 1449 [his son-in-law] John "Butcher of England" Tiptoft 1st Earl of Worcester (age 22) was created 1st Earl Worcester. [his daughter] Cecily Neville Duchess Warwick (age 25) by marriage Countess Worcester. It isn't clear why he was he was created Earl at such a young age. His father John Tiptoft 1st Baron Tiptoft had died six years earlier so he had inherited Baron Tiptoft. His mother Joyce Charleton Baroness Tiptoft had died three years earlier when he was eighteen. In 1449 he married Cecily Neville Duchess Warwick daughter of the influential Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 49). His earldom may have been a consequence of this marriage.
Before 1450 [his son-in-law] William Fitzalan 9th or 16th Earl of Arundel (age 32) and [his daughter] Joan Neville Countess Arundel (age 26) were married. She by marriage Countess Arundel. She the daughter of Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 49) and [his wife] Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury (age 42). He the son of John Fitzalan 6th or 13th Earl of Arundel and Eleanor Berkeley Countess Arundel (age 67). They were third cousins. He a great x 5 grandson of King Henry III of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
In 1450 [his brother] Edward Neville 1st Baron Abergavenny (age 37) was created 1st Baron Abergavenny. A new creation since his son had already inherited the title Baron Abergavenny when his mother died in 1448.
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The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough, a canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: "In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed." Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.
On 26th July 1450 [his daughter] Cecily Neville Duchess Warwick (age 26) died.
In 1451 [his son-in-law] Thomas Stanley 1st Earl of Derby (age 16) and [his daughter] Eleanor Neville Baroness Stanley (age 4) were married in the Chapel at Middleham Castle [Map]. She the daughter of Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 51) and [his wife] Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury (age 44). They were third cousins. He a great x 4 grandson of King Edward I of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
In 1452 Walter Strickland (age 41) indentured to Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 52) to provide bowmen horsed and harnessed, 69; billmen horsed and harnessed, 74; bowmen without horses, 71; billmen without horses, 76.
In 1452 Thomas Strickland indentured to Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 52) to provide bowmen horsed and harnessed, 69; billmen horsed and harnessed, 74; bowmen without horses, 71; billmen without horses, 76.
On 8th July 1453 [his half-sister] Philippa Neville Baroness Dacre of Gilsland (age 67) died at Naworth Castle [Map].
By 27th July 1453, says Griffiths, the situation in the north had deteriorated so badly that the crown effectively abrogated its authority in the region, by writing directly to the two earls [Note [his brother-in-law] Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland (age 60) and Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 53)], laying responsibility for ending the dispute on them, and instructing them to keep their sons in order. It was at this point too, that the commission of oyer and terminer of 12 July was re-issued.
On or before 24th August 1453 [his son] Thomas Neville (age 23) and [his daughter-in-law] Maud Stanhope 4th Baroness Cromwell Baroness Willoughby of Eresby were married. Maud Stanhope 4th Baroness Cromwell Baroness Willoughby of Eresby was the niece and heiress of Ralph Cromwell 3rd Baron Cromwell (age 50) meaning traditional Percy lands would become Neville lands. The Percy's, being the older family, especially [his nephew] Thomas Percy 1st Baron Egremont (age 30), took umbrage with the ensuing two year feud known as the Neville-Percy Feud. He the son of Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 53) and [his wife] Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury (age 46).
On 8th October 1453, the council wrote to the earl of Westmorland (age 47) and congratulated him on not assisting the Middleham branch. It also wrote again to Salisbury (age 53) and [his brother-in-law] Northumberland (age 60)
In retaliation, Sir John Neville raided the absent Earl of Northumberland's house at Catton, in Yorkshire, and all but ruined it. The next day, Richard Percy attacked a house on Neville property.
In 1454 [his brother] Edward Neville 1st Baron Abergavenny (age 41) was appointed to the Privy Council.
On 27th March 1454 [his brother-in-law] Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York (age 42) was appointed Lord Protector. Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 54) was appointed Lord Chancellor.
In January 1455 Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 55) resigned as Lord Chancellor.
On 22nd May 1455 the Wars of the Roses commenced with the First Battle of St Albans. [his brother-in-law] Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York (age 43) commanded with [his son] Richard "Kingmaker" Neville Earl Warwick, 6th Earl Salisbury (age 26), Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 55), Edward Brooke 6th Baron Cobham (age 40) and Walter Strickland (age 44).
The Lancastrians...
Edmund Beaufort 1st or 2nd Duke of Somerset (age 49) was killed. His son Henry (age 19) succeeded 2nd Duke Somerset, 2nd Marquess Dorset, 5th Earl Somerset, 2nd Earl Dorset. Note his father is frequently incorrectly referred to as the second Duke and Henry as the third Duke. His father's Dukedom, however, was a new creation.
[his brother-in-law] Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland (age 62) was killed. His son [his nephew] Henry (age 33) succeeded 3rd Earl of Northumberland, 6th Baron Percy of Alnwick, 14th Baron Percy of Topcliffe. Eleanor Poynings Countess Northumberland (age 33) by marriage Countess of Northumberland.
Thomas Clifford 8th Baron Clifford (age 41) was killed. His son John (age 20) succeeded 9th Baron de Clifford, 9th Lord Skipton. Margaret Bromflete Baroness Clifford (age 21) by marriage Baroness de Clifford.
William Cotton (age 45) and Richard Fortescue (age 41) were killed.
[his brother-in-law] Humphrey Stafford 1st Duke of Buckingham (age 52) was wounded and captured.
King Henry VI of England and II of France (age 33), John Sutton 1st Baron Dudley (age 54) and Edmund Sutton (age 30) were captured.
Henry Beaufort 2nd or 3rd Duke of Somerset was wounded. James Butler 1st Earl Wiltshire 5th Earl Ormonde (age 34) and John Wenlock 1st Baron Wenlock (age 55) fought.
Richard Cotton of Hampstall Ridware (age 51) and his son William Cotton of Connington in Huntingdonshire (age 27) were killed.
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William of Worcester Itineraries. [22nd May 1455] 169. At the journey of St Albans against the Duke of York, near London, about three miliaria away: the King, John Duke of Norfolk, [his brother-in-law] Humphrey of Buckingham (age 52), Edmund Duke of Somerset (age 49), Henry Duke of Exeter (age 24), [his son] Earl Warwick Neville (age 26), John Earl of Shrewsbury (age 37), Earl Salisbury (age 55), [his brother-in-law] Viscount Beaumount (age 45).
Apud le jorney de Wenlyngg1 contra ducem Ebor. prope London per iii. miliaria. Rex, Johannes dux Norff, Humfridus dux Bokyngham, Edmundus dux Somerset, Henricus dux Excestre, Comes Warwici Nevyle, Johannes Comes de Shrewysbery, Comes Sarum, Vicont Beaumont.
Note 1. The place-name may be Intended for "Waecthing[ceaster] i.e. St. Albans. I owe this interesting suggestion to Professor Bruce Dickins.
On 25th April 1457 [his son] John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu (age 26) and [his daughter-in-law] Isabel Ingaldsthorpe (age 16) were married by Cardinal Thomas Bourchier (age 39) at Canterbury Cathedral [Map]. She the heir of her father Edmund Ingaldsthorpe who had died the previous year. Eight manors were settled on them in jointure. He the son of Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 57) and [his wife] Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury (age 50). They were second cousin once removed. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
In 1460 a petition noted "The Nevilles state that Isabel was found to be Ingoldisthorpe's daughter and heir. When they requested livery of the estates from the chancellor in Chancery, he refused on the grounds that the king had granted the marriage and wardship to the queen (age 29). The Nevilles disputed this as Isabel was 14, and not a minor at common law. John Neville made recognizances in £1,000 to the queen on the understanding that if it was found that such a grant to the queen was not available, then she would not take any money from Neville. The Nevilles are unable to have a day in their law, and the queen has still levied part of the £1,000, and they are forced to sue a special livery at great expense. They request that the recognizances by annulled, and that women of the age of 14 when their ancestors die should have no problem of obtaining livery of their lands and tenements." See National Archives UK John Nevyll (Neville), knight; Isabel Neville, wife of John Neville, knight. SC 8/28/1398 1460.
Chronicle of St Albans by Abbot John Whethamstede [-1465]. [1458] "Also, where [his nephew] Thomas Percy (age 35), Knight, Lord of Egremont, and [his nephew] Richard Percy (age 32), his brother, sons of our said kinswoman, [his sister] Eleanor, Countess of Northumberland (age 61), were in our Sessions of Oyer and Terminer lately held in our County of York, before Richard Byngham and Ralph Pole, our Justices, and other our Commissioners there, by names contained among the records of the said Sessions, condemned to our said kinsman the Earl of Salisbury (age 58) in the sum of eight thousand marks; and they and our kinswoman [his wife] Alice (age 51), his wife, in the sum of five thousand marks; to [his son] Thomas Neville (age 28), Knight, son of the same Earl of Salisbury, in the sum of one thousand marks; and to the same Thomas, and [his daughter-in-law] Matilda, his wife, in the sum of two thousand marks; and to [his son] John Neville (age 27), Knight, also son to the same Earl of Salisbury, in the sum of eight hundred marks; for divers great transgressions, supposed and found to have been done in the said Sessions by the said Lord Egremont and Richard, his brother, to the said Earl of Salisbury, Alice, Thomas Neville, Matilda, and John Neville, as appears by the records of the said Sessions; we desire, praise, ordain, and judge, for the aforementioned considerations, that our said kinsman Richard, Earl of Salisbury, and the said Thomas and John, his sons, shall release, and each of them shall sufficiently release, in law, all the aforementioned sums and executions thereof. And also, that they, and each of them, shall sufficiently release Ralph Verney and John Steward, late Sheriffs of our City of London, to whose custody the said Lord Egremont was committed for the aforementioned condemnations, or part of them, and, for our end, all actions that they, or any of them, may have against the said late Sheriffs, for the escape of the said Lord Egremont from our prison, and their custody."
Item, ubi Thomas Percy, Miles, Dominus de Egremonde, et Ricardus Percy, frater suus, filii dictæ consanouineæ nostræ, Alianoræ, Comitissæ Northumbriæ, fuerunt in Sessionibus nostris de Audiendo et Terminando, nuper tentis in Comitatu nostro Eboraci, coram Ricardo Byngham et Radulpbo Pole, Justiciariis nostris, et aliis nos. tris Commissionariis ibidem, per nomina contenta inter recorda Sessionum prædictarum, condemnati dicto nostro consanguineo Comiti Sarum in summa octo millium marcarum; ac ipsi et nostræ consanguineæ Aliciæ, uxori suæ, in summa quinque millium marcarum; Thomæ Nevyll, Militi, filio ejusdem Comitis Sarum, in summa mille marcarum; et eidem Thomæ, et Matildi, uxori suæ, in summa duorum millium marcarum; et Johanni Nevylle, Militi, filio etiam eidem Comiti Sarum, in summa octingentarum marcarum; propter diversas magnas transgressiones, suppositas et inventas in dictis Sessionibus esse factas per dictum Dominum Egremond, et Ricardum, fratrem ejus, dictis Comiti Sarum, Aliciæ, Thomæ Nevylle, Matildi, et Johanni Nevylle, ut per recorda dictarum Sessionum apparet; volumus, laudamus, ordinamus, et judicamus, propter considerationes prædictas, quod dictus noster consanguineus Ricardus, Comes Sarum, ac dicti Thomas et Johannes, filii sui, relaxent, et quilibet eorum relaxet, sufficienter in lege omnes summas prædictas, et executiones earundem. Ac etiam, quod ipsi, et quilibet eorum, sufficienter relaxent Radulpho Verney et Johanni Stiwarde, nuper Vicecomitibus civitatis nostræ Londoniarum, quorum custodiæ dictus Dominus Egremonde fuerat, propter condemnationes prædictas, monde fuerat, propter aut partem earundem, et, propter finem nostrum, commissus, omnimodas actiones, quas ipsi, vel aliquis ipsorum, possunt habere versus dictos nuper Vicecomites, propter escapiamentum dicti Domini Egremond extra prisonam nostram, et ipsorum custodiam.
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In 1458 [his son-in-law] William Bonville 6th Baron Harington (age 16) and [his daughter] Katherine Neville Baroness Bonville and Hastings (age 16) were married. She the daughter of Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 58) and [his wife] Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury (age 51). They were fourth cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
Chronicle of St Albans by Abbot John Whethamstede [-1465]. [1458] First, we will, commend, ordain, and judge that within two years from now, by our kinsmen, [his brother-in-law] Richard, Duke of York (age 46), [his son] Richard, Earl of Warwick (age 29), and Richard, Earl of Salisbury (age 58), and by their motions, cares, and expenses, forty-five pounds annually shall be given and legally and securely amortized, in perpetuity to the Monastery of St. Albans, where the bodies of our kinsmen, Edmund, late Duke of Somerset, Henry, late Earl of Northumberland, and also Thomas, late Lord Clifford, slain in the said prevention and insultation, now lie and are buried, for masses, suffrages, and obits to be held, and alms to be given, for the souls of the said Duke, Earl, and Lord, so slain; and for the souls of all others slain there at that time; the aforesaid masses, suffrages, obits, and alms, to be made, kept, and given, in perpetuity, in the manner and form, as shall be declared by us in times past."
Primo, volumus, laudamus, ordinamus, et judicamus, quod infra duos annos exnunc proximo insequentes, per nostros consanguineos, Ricardum, Ducem Eboraci, Ricardum, Comitem Warwyci, et Ricardum, Comitem Sarum, et per eorum motiones, curas, et custagia, donentur, et legaliter ac secure amortizentur, pro perpetuo Monasterii Sancti Albani, ubi corpora nostrorum consanguineorum, Edmundi, nuper Ducis Somersetriæ, Henrici, nuper Comitis Northumbriæ, ac etiam Thomæ, nuper Domini de Clifforde, in dictis obviatione et insultatione occisorum, pro nunc jacent et sepulta sunt, quadraginta quinque libræ annuæ, pro missis, suffragiis, et obitibus, habendis, et eleemosyna danda, pro animabus dictorum Ducis, Comitis, et Domini, sic occisorum; et pro animabus omnium aliorum ibidem tunc temporis occisorum; prædicta missæ, suffragia, obitus, et s eleemosyna, fienda, custodienda, et donanda, pro perpetuo, modo et forma, sicut tempore retroacto per nos declarabitur.
On 25th March 1458 at Westminster Hall [Map] King Henry VI (age 36) made a great speech [See Chronicle of St Albans] the purpose of which was to ensure future peace in his Kingdom. Some were required to pay fines in recomponse for deaths at the First Battle of St Albans some three years before, some prisoners were released, some were bound to good behaviour, and future arbitration.
After the speech King Henry VI, Queen Margaret (age 28), John "Butcher" Clifford 9th Baron Clifford (age 22), Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 58), [his son] Richard "Kingmaker" Neville Earl Warwick, 6th Earl Salisbury (age 29), Henry Beaufort 2nd or 3rd Duke of Somerset (age 22), [his brother-in-law] Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York (age 46), [his nephew] Henry Percy 3rd Earl of Northumberland (age 36) and [his nephew] Thomas Percy 1st Baron Egremont (age 35) processed, hand-in-hand to St Paul's Cathedral [Map] and attended a service presided over by Cardinal Thomas Bourchier (age 40).
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The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough, a canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: "In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed." Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.
Chronicle of Gregory [1400-1467]. 25th March 1458. Ande this same year at Covyntre there was made a pesse [Note. peace] by-twyne the Duke of Somersett Harry (age 22), and the Earl of Saulysbury (age 58), and the [his son] Erle of Warwycke (age 29), for the dethe of his fadyr Duke of Somersette, that the [his brother-in-law] Duke of Yorke (age 46) put to dethe at Synt Albonys. And this tretys was made at Covyntre, in the holy tyme of Lentyn, by the mene of Kyng Harry the VI. And alle that holy tyme of Lentyn there might noo mane man that shulde preche by-fore the King, but that he shulde shewe his sarmon in wrytyng, were he docter or other, in so moche the lordys woldys A B C wolde assygne what he schulde say, as for any thynge that longyd unto the common wele, and yf he passyd her commaundement he schulde lese his costys, and goo as he come, withowte mete and drynge. But a becheler of holy devynyte come to that cytte, and whenn he come to preche byfore the kyng, as Maystyr Wylliam Saye, Dene of Poulys and Dene of the kyngys chapylle, hadde desyryd and asygnyd, A B C axyd his name, and his name was Mayster Wylliam Ive, at that tyme beyng at Wynchester in Wycham is college. And A B C said that they moste nedys se his sarmon and his purposse, that he was a vysyd to say by-fore the King the Sonday nexte comynge. And he full goodly toke them his papyr; and they seyng and redynge his papyr, commaundyd to leve out and put a way many troughtys. But that same Mayster Wylliam Ive said but lytylle, but whenn he come to pulpyt he sparyd not to sayd the troughthe, and reportyd by-fore the kyng that A B C made the sarmonys that were said fore, and not thoo that prechyd, and that causyd that þe men that prechyd hadde but sympylle sarmons, for her purposse was alle turnyde upsodowne 3 and that they hadde made love days as Judas made whythe a cosseb with Cryste for they cyste ovyr the mane. The grete rewarde that he hadde for his labyr was the rydyng of viij xx myle yn and out for his travayle, and alle his frendys full sory for hym. But qui veritatem dicit caput fractum habebit, &c. And that same year alle thes lordys departyd from the Parlyment, but they come nevyr alle togedyr after that tyme to noo Parlyment nor conselle, but yf it were in fylde with spere and schylde.
Note b. kiss.
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On 23rd September 1459 a Lancastrian army of James Tuchet 5th Baron Audley, 2nd Baron Tuchet (age 61) and John Sutton 1st Baron Dudley (age 58) fought with a Yorkist army commanded by Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 59) at Blore Heath, Staffordshire [Map] whilst he, Salisbury, was travelling to Ludlow [Map] to join up with the main Yorkist army. Forewarned by scouts Salisbury arranged his troops into battle order the night before, arranging his wagons defensively, and digging trenches.
The Yorkist army included John Conyers (age 48), Thomas Harrington (age 59), James Harrington (age 29), [his son] John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu (age 28), William Stanley (age 24), Roger Kynaston of Myddle and Hordley (age 26), John Savile, Walter Strickland (age 48) and John Wenlock 1st Baron Wenlock (age 59).
The Lancastrian army included brothers John Dutton, Thomas Dutton (age 38) and Peter Dutton who were killed.
James Tuchet 5th Baron Audley, 2nd Baron Tuchet was killed, probably by Roger Kynaston of Myddle and Hordley. His son John (age 33) succeeded 6th Baron Audley of Heighley in Staffordshire, 3rd Baron Tuchet. Anne Echingham Baroness Audley Heighley (age 39) by marriage Baroness Audley of Heighley in Staffordshire, Baroness Audley of Heighley in Staffordshire.
John Sutton 1st Baron Dudley and Edmund Sutton (age 34) were captured. Lionel Welles 6th Baron Welles (age 53) fought.
William Troutbeck (age 23), Richard Molyneux of Sefton and John Egerton (age 55) were killed.
After the battle Margaret of Anjou Queen Consort England (age 29) took refuge at Eccleshall Castle, Staffordshire [Map]. Thomas Harrington, John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu and [his son] Thomas Neville (age 29) were captured at Acton Bridge, Tarporley [Map] and imprisoned at Chester Castle [Map] having been detached from the main Yorkist force.
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Chronicle of Robert Fabyan [-1512]. 23rd September 1459. And in processe of time after, as he was riding towarde Salysbury (age 59), or, after some, from his lodging toward London, the lord Audley (age 61), with a strong company, was assigned to meet with him, and as a prisoner to bring him unto London. Whereof the said Earl being warned, gathered unto him the more men, and keeping his journey, met with the said Lord Audley at a place callyd Blore Heth, where both companies ran together and had there a strong bickering; whereof in the end the Earl was victour, and slew there the Lord Audley and many of his retinue. At this skirmish were the. ii. sons of the said Earl sore wounded, named Sir [his son] Thomas (age 29) and Sir [his son] John (age 28); the which shortly after, as they were going homewarde, were by some of the queen's party taken, and as prisoners sent unto Chester.
Chronicle of St Albans by Abbot John Whethamstede [-1465]. 23rd September 1459. Battle of Blore Heath.
Indeed, even in that grave and significant conflict, which the Earl of Salisbury (age 59), with a small band of common people, was recently known to have engaged in against the Lord Audley (age 61) and almost the entire militia of the Counties of Chester and Shropshire, where the multitude yielded to the few, though the few were skilled, valiant, and well exercised warriors, the multitude, numbering barely ten thousand, was defeated, conquered, and put to flight. Reflecting on this, the King, along with the saying of Seneca, "It is not the number of persons, but rather the virtue of the few, that wins battles and overthrows enemies," deliberated within himself. He resolved to attempt other means before resorting to arms. He dispatched a suitable and capable messenger to them, offering peace through the mouth of a certain relative of theirs, namely, Richard Beauchamp, the Bishop of Salisbury. He offered them the opportunity to reconsider their intentions, to send their people back, and to repent of their actions. Furthermore, he himself was willing to grant a general pardon for all their individual transgressions, treating them henceforth as dear kinsmen and more favourably than ever before.
Quinimmo etiam, in illo gravi grandique conflictu, quem Dominus Comes de Salisbury, cum pauculo plebis manipulo, adversus Dominum de Awdley, adversus que totam quasi militiam Comitatuum Cestriæ et Salopiæ, nuperrime in confinibus illis dinoscitur habuisse, in quo conflictu paucitati multitudo cesserat, per paucosque pugnatores, sed doctos, sed strenuos et bene exercitatos, per numerum, videlicet, vix trium millium multitudo pene decem millium victa, devicta, ac fugata erat. Istud melius Dominus Rex in mente rememorans, una cum isto dicto Senecæ,—"Non personarum numerus, immo, paucorum potius virtus, bellum conficit, hostemque prosternit," deliberavit secum, ac etiam determinavit attentare prius media alia quam arma, missoque ad eos nuncio quodam apto, habili, et idoneo, quia quorundam eorum Dominorun consanguineo, Domino, videlicet, Ricardo Bewschampe, Salisburiensi Episcopo, obtulit eis per os ea quæ erant pacis; 0btulit utique eis, si et quatenus a suo vellent resilire proposito, remittereque populum suum ad partes, ac pœnitere de incepto, vellet etiam ipse perdonationem generalem de omnibus et singulis suis transgressionibus eis facere, acceptareque ulterius in posterum ut carissimos suos consanguineos, ac favorabilius quam unquam per prius tractare.
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Chronicle of Gregory [1400-1467]. 23rd September 1459. Ande this year was done a grete jornaye at the Blowre Hethe by the Erle of Saulysbury (age 59) ande the Quenys galentys. And that day the King made vij knyghtys, first, Syr Robert Molyners, Syr John Daune, Syr Thomas Uttyng, Syr John Brembly, Syr Jon Stanley, Syr John Grysly, and Syr Rychard Hardon; and v of thes knyghtys were slayne full manly in the fylde, and many men of yemonry soore hurte, and a full nobylle knyght, the Lord Audeley (age 61), and Syr Thomas Hamdon, knyght, was the getynge of the fylde, and Thomas Squyer and Counteroller of the Pryncys house full sore hurte. And [the] batayle or jornay lastyd alle the aftyr none, fro one of the clocke tylle v aftyr non, and the chasse lastyd unto vij at the belle in the mornynge. And men were maymyd many one in the Quenys party. There were in the Quenys party vM [Note. 5000], and in that othyr party vC [Note. 500], a grete wondyr that evyr they might stonde the grete multytude not ferynge, the King beyng with yn x myle and the quene (age 29) with yn v myle at the castelle of Egyllyssale [Map]. But the Erle of Saulysbury hadde ben i-take, save only a Fryer Austyn schot gonnys [Note. shot guns] alle that nyght in a parke that was at the backe syde of the fylde, and by this mene the erle come to [his brother-in-law] Duke of Yorke (age 48). And in the morowe they founde nothyr man ne ehylde in that parke but the fryer, and he said that for fere he a-bode in that parke alle that nyght. But in the mornyng, by-twyne the fylde and Chester, Syr John Dawne is son that was at home in his fadyrs place hadde worde that his fadyr was slayne; a-non he raysyd his tenantys and toke by-syde a lytyl towne i-namyd Torperlay [Map] [his son] Syr Thomas Nevyle (age 29), [his son] Syr John Nevyle (age 28), and Syr Thomas Haryngdon (age 59), and brought them unto the castelle of Chester, ande there they a-boode tylle the batayle of Northehampton was done, &c.
Chronicle of Edward Hall [1496-1548]. [23rd September 1459]. The lord Audeley (age 61), accordyng to his commission, assembled aboue. x. M. men, and knowyng by his espials whiche way therle [Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 59)] kept, approched nere to hym on a faire plain called Blore Heath, within a mile of the toune of Drayton, in the countrey of Salope, commonly called Shropshire. The erle perceiuing by the liuery of the souldiors, that he was circumuented and likely to be trapped with the quenes power, determined rather there to abide the aduenture, with fame and honor, then farther to flie, with losse & reproche: & so encamped hymself all the night, on the side of a litle broke not very brode, but somewhat depe. In the mornyng earely, beyng the daie of. s. Tecle, he caused his souldiors to shote their rliorhtes, towarde the Lorde Awdeleys company, whiche laie on the otherside of the saied water, and then he and all his company, made a signe of retraite. The lorde Awdeley, remembryng not onely the trust that he was put in, but also the Quenes terrible commaundement, (whiche was to bryng to her presence, therle of Salisbury, quicke or ded) blewe vp his trumpet, and did set furth his voward, & sodainly passed the water. Therle of Salisbury, whiche knewe the slaightes, stratagemes, and the pollecies of warlike affaires, sodainly returned, and shortly encountred with the Lorde Awdeley and his chief Capitaines, or the residewe of his armie could passe the water. The fight was sore and dreadfull. Therle desiryng thesauyng of his life, and his aduersaries couetyng his destruccion, fought sore for the obteinyng of their purpose, but in conclusion, the erles army as men desperate of aide and succor, so egerly fought, that thei slewe the lorde Awdeley, and all his capitaines, and discomfited all the remnaunt of his people. In this battail wer slain, xxiiij. C. persos, but the greatest plague lighted on the Chesshire men, because one halfe of the shire, was one the one part, and the other on the other part, of whiche numbre wer sir Thomas Dutton, sir Ihon Dunne, & sir Hugh Venables. But therles twoo sonnes, the one called sir [his son] Ihon Neuell (age 28), and the other sir [his son] Thomas (age 29), wer sore woiided, whiche soberly iorniyng into the Northcountrey thinkyng there to repose them selfes, wer in their iorney appreheded, by the quenes frendes, and conueyed to Chester: but their kepers deliuered them shortly, or els the Marchemen had destroyed the Gayles. Such fauor had the commons of Wales, to the duke of Yorkes band and his 'affinitie, that thei could suffre no wrong to be doen, nor evil worde to be spoken of hym or his frendes.
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Pakington's Chronicle [-1390]. [23rd September 1459] The Erle of Salisbyri (age 59), accumpanied with Syr [his son] Thomas (age 29) and Syr [his son] John (age 28) Neville his Sunnes, wan the Feeld at Bloreheth, and slew the Lord Andeley (age 61), and many Gentiles of Chestreshire.
The Erle of Salisbyris Sunnes were both hurte at Blorehethfeld, and after goyng homeward taken by the Quenes Mene, and brought to Chester.
On 9th October 1459 Thomas Tresham (age 39) was elected Speaker of the House of Commons at Coventry, Warwickshire [Map]. The primary purpose of the Parliament was to attaint the Yorkist leaders:
[his brother-in-law] Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York (age 48), his sons [his nephew] Edward Earl of March (age 17), [his nephew] Edmund Earl of Rutland (age 16) were attainted, as were Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 59) and his sons [his son] Richard "Kingmaker" Neville Earl Warwick, 6th Earl Salisbury (age 30) and [his son] John Neville 1431-1471 (age 28).
On 12th October 1459 the Battle of Ludford Bridge nearly took place at Ludlow [Map]. In the event a large number of the Calais garrison led by Andrew Trollope refused to fight against King Henry VI of England and II of France (age 37) who was present.
The Yorkist [his brother-in-law] Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York (age 48), the future [his nephew] King Edward IV of England (age 17), [his nephew] Edmund York 1st Earl of Rutland (age 16), [his son] Richard "Kingmaker" Neville Earl Warwick, 6th Earl Salisbury (age 30), Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 59) left overnight before the battle.
John Dynham 1st Baron Dynham (age 26) and Thomas Parr (age 52) were present.
The Lancastrian army included [his brother-in-law] Humphrey Stafford 1st Duke of Buckingham (age 57) and [his son-in-law] William Fitzalan 9th or 16th Earl of Arundel (age 41).
Richard Grey 3rd Earl Tankerville (age 22) was present on the Yorkist side for which he was subsequently attainted. Earl Tankerville forfeit.
Chronicle of Gregory [1400-1467]. 12th October 1459. Ande this same year there was a grete afray at Lodlowe by twyne the King (age 37) and the [his brother-in-law] Duke of Yorke (age 48), the Erle of Salusbury (age 59), the [his son] Erle of Warwyke (age 30), the [his nephew] Erle of Marche (age 17). The Duke of Yorke lete make a grete depe dyche and fortefyde it with gonnys, cartys, and stakys, but his party was ovyr weke, for the kyng was mo then xxxM [Note. 3000] of harneysyd men, by-syde nakyd men that were compellyd for to come with the King. And thenne the duke fledde fro place to place in Walys, and breke downe the bryggys aftyr him that the kyngys mayny schulde not come aftyr hym. And he wente unto Monde. And there he taryd tylle the jornay was endyd at Northehampton. And he made newe grotys of a newe kune in Irlonde; in on syde of the grote was a crowne and in that othyr syde a crosse. And there he made many newe statutys, and his yong sonys [[his grandson-in-law] George York 1st Duke of Clarence (age 9) and [his grandson-in-law] King Richard III of England (age 7)] were sende by yende the see unto the Duke of Burgayne (age 63).
Chronicle of Gregory [1400-1467]. 12th October 1459. The Erle of Saulysbury (age 59), the [his son] Erle of Warwycke (age 30), the [his nephew] Erle of Marche (age 17), Syr John Wenlocke (age 59), alle thes come unto Devynschyre to Syr John Denham (age 26), and alle thes by the conveynge of Syr John Denham; and they bought a smalle vesselle in that contray, an they were conveyde unto Garnesey [Map], ande from Garnesaye unto Calys [Map], for fere of dethe that they said was ymagenyde by the kyng and his lordys, and of her owne housolde mayny for her dystruccyon, the counselle and consent of King Harry the VI. Thes lordys departyd out of Ingelonde on Synt Edward is evyn, Synt Edward bothe King and confessoure, the xij day of Octobera, and they taryd at Calys xxxvj wekys.
Note a. This is really the date of the breaking up of their camp at Ludlow, not of their leaving England.
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The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough, a canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: "In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed." Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.
Chronicle of Robert Fabyan [-1512]. 12th October 1459. Where of hearing the said [his brother-in-law] Duke (age 48), then being with his people near unto the town of Ludlow, picked there a sure and strong field, that none of his foes might upon any part enter. Where he so lying, came to him from Calais, the [his son] Earl of Warwick (age 30) with a strong band of men, among the which was Andrew Trollope, and many other of the best soldiers of Calais. The Duke thus keeping his field upon that one party, and the king with his people upon that other, upon the night preceding the day that both houses should have met, the forenamed Andrewe Trollope, with all the chief soldiers of Calais, secretly departed from the Duke's host and went unto the kings, where they were joyously received. When this thing to the Duke and the other lords was ascertained, they were therewith sore dismayed, and especially, for the said lordes had to the said Andrew showed the whole of their entities, which then they knew well should be clearly discovered unto their enemies: wherefore, after counsel for a remedie taken, they concluded to flee, and to leave the field standing as they had been present and still abidyng. And so incontently the saide Duke with his two sons, and a few other persons, fled towarde Wales, and from thence passed safely into Irelande. And the earls of Salesbury (age 59), of Marche, and of Warwick, and other, with a secret company also departed and took the way into Devonshire, where a squire named John Dynham (age 26), which after was a lorde and High Treasurer of England, and so lastly in Henry the VII's days and sixteenth year of his reign died, [which John Dynham foresaid]1 bought a ship for aa hundredn and ten markys, or eleven score nobles; and in the same ship the said lords went, and so sailed into Gernesey. And when they had a season there sojourned and refreshed themselves, they departed thence, as in the beginning of the next mayor's year shall be clearly shown. Upon the morrow, when all this couyne was known to the kyng and the lords upon his party, there was sending and running with all speed toward every coast to take these lords, but none might be found. And forthwith the King rode unto Ludlow and despoiled the town and castle, and sent the Duchess of York, with her children, unto the Duchesse of Buckingham her sister, where she rested long after.
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Patent Rolls. 30th October 1459. Farnham Royal, Buckinghamshire [Map]. Commission of array to Richard Wydevyle of Ryvers (age 54), knight, and the sheriff of Kent in Kent, to resist [his brother-in-law] Richard, duke of York (age 48), [his nephew] Edward Earl of March (age 17), [his son] Richard, Earl of Warwick (age 30), and Richard, Earl of Salisbury (age 59), and their accomplices, leagued in rebellion against the king and crown and allowed by certain persons having the keeping of the town and castle of Calais [Map] to enter the same contrary to the king's mandates, and now preparing to arouse congregations and insur rections in the said county; and appointment of the same to arrest all ships and other vessels late of the said Earl of Warwick and all the tackling thereof and to keep the same for the king's use. By K.
Chronicle of William of Worcester [1415-1482]. [15th January 1460]. And shortly after the said feast, John Dynham (age 27), with others from Calais, secretly entered Sandwich [Map], and there captured Lord Rivers (age 55) and Anthony Woodville (age 20) his son, with many large ships, and brought them to Calais, where the Earls of [his nephew] March (age 17), [his son] Warwick (age 31), and Salisbury (age 60) were present.
Et cito post dictum festum Johannes Denham cum aliis de Calesiæ secrete intravit Sandwycum, ac ibidem cepit dominum de Reverys et Antonium Widwele filium ejus, cum multis magnis navibus, et adduxit Calisiæ, comitibus Marchiæ et Warrewici et Sarum, Calisiæ existentibus.
Around November 1459 [his son] Richard "Kingmaker" Neville Earl Warwick, 6th Earl Salisbury (age 30), Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 59) and [his nephew] King Edward IV of England (age 17) fled to Calais [Map].
On 10th July 1460 the Yorkist army led by the future [his nephew] King Edward IV of England (age 18) and including [his son] Richard "Kingmaker" Neville Earl Warwick, 6th Earl Salisbury (age 31), [his son] Archbishop George Neville (age 28), [his brother] William Neville 1st Earl Kent (age 55), Edward Brooke 6th Baron Cobham (age 45) and John Scrope 5th Baron Scrope of Bolton (age 22) defeated the Lancastrian army at the 1460 Battle of Northampton.
Edmund Grey 1st Earl Kent (age 43) had started the day as part of the Lancastrian army but did nothing to prevent the Yorkist army attacking.
King Henry VI of England and II of France (age 38) was captured.
[his brother-in-law] Humphrey Stafford 1st Duke of Buckingham (age 57) was killed. His grandson Henry (age 5) succeeded 2nd Duke of Buckingham, 7th Earl Stafford, 8th Baron Stafford.
John Talbot 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury (age 42) was killed. His son John (age 11) succeeded 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury, 3rd Earl Waterford, 8th Baron Furnivall, 12th Baron Strange Blackmere, 9th Baron Talbot.
[his nephew] Thomas Percy 1st Baron Egremont (age 37) was killed. [Baron Egremont of Egremont Castle in Cumberland extinct. Some authoirities state, however, that he left a son, Sir John Percy, who never assumed the title.]
[his brother-in-law] John Beaumont 1st Viscount Beaumont (age 50) was killed. His son [his nephew] William (age 22) succeeded 2nd Viscount Beaumont, 7th Baron Beaumont.
William Lucy (age 56) was killed apparently by servants of a member of the Stafford family who wanted his wife Margaret Fitzlewis (age 21).
Thomas Tresham (age 40) fought.
William Beaumont 2nd Viscount Beaumont and William Norreys (age 19) were knighted.
Thomas "Bastard of Exeter" Holland was executed following the battle.
The battle was fought south of the River Nene [Map] in the grounds of Delapré Abbey.
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Chronicle of Gregory [1400-1467]. Then the Quene (age 30) havynge knowelechynge of this praty whyle sche sende unto the Duke of Somersett (age 24), at that tyme beynge in Dorset schyre at the Castelle of Corffe [Map], and for the Erle of Devyschyre (age 28), and for Elysaundyr Hody, and prayde them to com to her as hastely as they might, with her tenantys as strong in her harnys as men of warre, for the Lord Rosse (age 33), the Lord Clyfforde (age 25), the [his nephew] Baron of Grestocke (age 46), the Lord Nevyle (age 50), the [his brother] Lord Latymer (age 53), were waytyng a-pon the Duke of Excete[r] (age 30) to mete with her at Hulle [Map]. And this mater was not taryd but full prevely i-wrought; and she sende letters unto alle her ehyffe offycers that they wold doo the same, and that they shulde warne alle the servantys that lovyd her or purposyd to kepe and rejoyse her of Yysce, to wayte a-pon her at Hulle by that day as hit a-poyntyd by hyr. Alle thes pepylle were gaderyd and conveyde so prevely that they wer hole in nombyr of xvM [Note. 15000] or any man wolde be-leve it; in so moche yf any man said, or tolde, or talkyd of suche gaderyng, he shulde be schende, and some were in grete donger, for the common pepylle said by thoo that told the, troughthe, "Ye talke ryght ye wolde hit were," and gave noo credens of her sayynge. But the laste the lordys purposyd to knowe the troughthe. And the ix day of December [1460] nexte folowyng the [his brother-in-law] Duke of Yorke (age 49), the Erle of Salysbury (age 60), the [his nephew] Erle Rutlond (age 17) (he was the Duke of Yorke is secunde sone, one the beste dysposyd lord in this londe), and Syr Thomas Haryngdon (age 60), whythe many mo knyghtys and quyers and grete pepylle with hem, and soo departyd out of London towarde Yorke, &c.
On 30th December 1460 the Lancastrian army took their revenge for the defeats of the First Battle of St Albans and the Battle of Northampton at the Battle of Wakefield near Sandal Castle [Map]. The Lancastrian army was commanded by Henry Holland 3rd Duke Exeter (age 30), Henry Beaufort 2nd or 3rd Duke of Somerset (age 24) and [his nephew] Henry Percy 3rd Earl of Northumberland (age 39), and included John Courtenay 7th or 15th Earl Devon (age 25) and William Gascoigne XIII (age 30), both knighted, and James Butler 1st Earl Wiltshire 5th Earl Ormonde (age 40), John "Butcher" Clifford 9th Baron Clifford (age 25), John Neville 1st Baron Neville of Raby (age 50), Thomas Ros 9th Baron Ros Helmsley (age 33), Henry Roos and Thomas St Leger (age 20).
The Yorkist army was heavily defeated.
[his brother-in-law] Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York (age 49) was killed. His son [his nephew] Edward (age 18) succeeded 4th Duke York, 7th Earl March, 9th Earl of Ulster, 3rd Earl Cambridge, 9th Baron Mortimer of Wigmore.
[his son] Thomas Neville (age 30), and Edward Bourchier were killed.
Father and son Thomas Harrington (age 60) and John Harrington (age 36) were killed, the former dying of his wounds the day after.
[his son-in-law] William Bonville 6th Baron Harington (age 18) was killed. His daughter [his granddaughter] Cecily succeeded 7th Baroness Harington.
Thomas Parr (age 53) fought in the Yorkist army.
Following the battle Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 60) was beheaded by Thomas "Bastard of Exeter" Holland. William Bonville (age 40) was executed.
[his nephew] Edmund York 1st Earl of Rutland (age 17) was killed on Wakefield Bridge [Map] by John "Butcher" Clifford. Earl of Rutland extinct.
Chronicle of Gregory [1400-1467]. 30th December 1460. Ande the same year, the xxx [30] day of December, the Duke of Exceter (age 30), the Duke of Somersett (age 24), the [his nephew] Erle of Northehomberlond (age 39), the Lord Roos (age 33), the Lord Nevyle (age 50), the Lord ClyfForde (age 25), with many mo lordys, knyghtys, squyers, and gentyllys, and the commyns of the Quenys party, met with the [his brother-in-law] Duke of Yorke (age 49) at Wakefylde [Map], and there they made a grete jorney a-pon the lord and Duke of Yorke, and toke him and the Erle of Saulysbury (age 60), the [his nephew] Erle of Rutlond (age 17), and the [his son-in-law] Lord Haryngdon (age 18), and [his son] Syr Thomas Nevyle (age 30), and Syr Thomas Haryngdon (age 60), and many mo knyghtys were take a slayne by syde alle the comyns. But this good Duke of Yorke with his lordys a-fore said loste her heddys; God have marcy on there soulys, for they loste in that jorneys the nombyr of xxvc [2500] men. And in the Quenys party were slay but ii c [200] men, &c.
Chronicle of William of Worcester [1415-1482]. On the 29th of December1, at Wakefield, while the soldiers of the [his brother-in-law] Duke of York (age 49) were wandering through the country seeking provisions, a dreadful battle occurred between the said Duke of Somerset (age 24), the [his nephew] Earl of Northumberland (age 39), and Lord Neville (age 50) with a large army, and the opposing party, where the Duke of York, [his son] Thomas Neville (age 30), son of the Earl of Salisbury (age 60), Thomas Harington (age 60), Thomas Parr, Edward Bourchier, James Pickering, and Henry Radford, as well as many other knights and esquires, and about two thousand commoners, were killed on the field. In the retreat after the battle, Lord Clifford killed, some say murdered, [his nephew] Lord Edmund, Earl of Rutland (age 17), son of the Duke of York, on the bridge at Wakefield [Map]. And on the same night, the Earl of Salisbury was captured by the servant of Andrew Trollope. On the next day, at Pontefract, the Bastard of Exeter killed the said Earl of Salisbury, where, by the counsel of the lords, the lifeless bodies of the Duke of York, the Earl of Salisbury, and Rutland, Thomas Neville, Edward Bowcher, Thomas Harington, Thomas Parre, James Pykeryng, and John Harrowe of London, mercer, were beheaded, and their heads were placed on various parts of York. They crowned the head of the Duke of York with a paper crown in mockery.
xxix. die mensis Decembris apud Wakfelde, gentibus ducis Eborum vagantibus per patriam pro victualibus quærendis, factum est execrabile bellum inter dictum ducem Somercetiæ, comitem Northumbriæ ac dominum Nevylle cum magno exercitu et partem aliam; ubi occubuerunt in campo dux Eboracensis, Thomas Nevil, filius comitis Sarum, Thomas Haryngtone, Thomas Parre, Edwardus Bowcher, Jacobus Pykeryng, et Henricus Rathforde, ac etiam multi alii milites et armigeri, et plebs ad duo millia. Et in fugiendo post campum super pontem apud Wakefelde dominus de Clyfforde occidit dominum Edmundum, comitem de Rutlande, filium ducis Eboraci. Et eadem nocte comes Sarum captus est per servientem Andreæ Trolloppe. Et in crastino apud Pountfrett bastardus Exoniæ occidit dictum comitem Sarum, ubi per consilium dominorum decollaverunt corpora mortua ducis Eboracensis, et comitis Sarum et Ruttland, Thomas Nevyle, Edwardi Boucher, Thomas Haryngton, Thomæ Parre, Jacobi Pykeryng, et Johannis Harrowe de London, mercer, posueruntque capita eorum super diversas partes Eboraci. Caput quoque ducis Eboraci in despectu coronaverunt carta.
Note. The Battle of Wakefield took place on the 30th of December 1460.
Chronicle of Jean de Waurin Books 3-5 [1400-1474]. Chapter 3.40. How the [his brother-in-law] Duke of York (age 49) and the Earl of Salisbury (age 60) were defeated and killed through the treachery of Andrew Trollope and several other noble men.
The Duke of York, therefore, being retreated to Wakefield, upon hearing news that Queen Margaret was coming with a great force of armed men to fight him, accompanied by the Duke of Somerset, was greatly astonished, as he did not have sufficient troops at the moment to resist such great power. He and the Earl of Salisbury, along with others in their company, spoke together to conclude their affairs. They sent for men from all sides, fortifying themselves to the best of their ability within the town. However, all this was in vain because at the moment they were attacked, most of their men had gone out for foraging. Additionally, Andrew Trollope, who was a very cunning military man, told the Duke of Somerset that he knew well that they could not force the Duke of York out of the town without a great loss of men. He found a way throughout the night to dress his men in coats bearing the badge of the Ragged Staff, which belonged to the [his son] Earl of Warwick (age 32) and were recognized as such, thus they appeared to be four hundred of the bravest men, well-instructed in what they had to do secretly. Their plan was to go straight to the town and tell the Duke of York that they came from the county of Lancashire to aid him.
When the Duke of York, who never suspected treachery, saw these companions approaching, he was very joyful and allowed them inside the town. That same night, the Duke of York ordered a strong guard because he knew well that the Duke of Somerset was in the fields, intending to confront him with all his might.
But when day broke, Andrew Trollope, accompanied by other soldiers all wearing the badge of the Ragged Staff, sent word to the Duke of York, without revealing his identity, that they were a large force come to his aid. The Duke was overjoyed and marched out of the town with the intention of engaging his enemies. At that moment, Andrew Trollope, the traitor, knowing that the Duke of Somerset was nearby, initiated the skirmish, and the Duke of Somerset, ready for action, charged fiercely upon the Duke of York and his men. Quickly, Andrew Trollope and his group, as well as those who had been sent by him into the town that night, turned against the Duke of York and his followers. In this battle, the Duke of York, the [his nephew] Earl of Rutland his son (age 17), the Earl of Salisbury, Sir [his son] Thomas Neville (age 30) his son, and many other noble men of their company were killed. This battle took place outside the town of Wakefield on the penultimate day of December in the year fourteen sixty. Queen Margaret was very joyful upon hearing this news, as were all those supporting her cause. On the other hand, the Earls of March and Warwick, who had lost their fathers in this battle, were deeply saddened and angered, but for the time being, they could not rectify the situation.
Calendar of State Papers of Milan 1461.54. [9th January 1461] Potenze Estere. Inghilterra. Milan Archives. 54. Antonio de la Torre to Francesco Sforza, Duke of Milan1.
It is now many days since I was despatched on my way back with every commission fitting and favourable for public and private affairs. I am charged to make every demand by word of mouth and in such form that I am sure, when I arrive, your Excellency will see that they do not slumber here over the affairs of the Church or those of your Excellency or yet those of all Italy. Just as I was about to leave some very important events occurred, for which I stayed on for some days in order to see the end.
Some of the lords of the queen's party, rendered desperate by the victory of the lords here, and especially by the Earl of Warwick, assembled a force in the northern parts, eighty miles from London, to come and attack their opponents here who are with the king, and get back the king into their power, as they had him before. Accordingly the Duke of York, with two of his sons and Warwick's father, the Earl of Salisbury (Dariberi), went out to meet them [Battle of Wakefield]. And it came to pass that, although they were three times stronger (piu forti tretanti), yet from lack of discipline, because they allowed a large part of the force to go pillaging and searching for victuals, their adversaries, who are desperate, attacked the duke and his followers. Ultimately they routed them, slaying the [his former brother-in-law] duke and his younger son, the [his nephew] Earl of Rutland, Warwick's father and many others. This news caused great alarm in these parts, although it seems Warwick was not there. Nevertheless, owing to his singular valour and by his popularity with the people and because the king wishes him every good, he is making preparations with every encouragement. Although their taking so little account of the legation and of the things done up to the present by his Reverence the Legate has been the cause of this disaster, since the other side had put about the report that he was not a legate and the pope had recalled him and was displeased about the things which had happened through his efforts, and much more nonsense; nevertheless the people here, with their affection for the king and Warwick, hearing that the legate was present and remembering the advantage his presence was to them on the last occasion, all took heart and mustered gladly, so that they hope in a month or two to have more than 150,000 men in camp. The belief is that if peace does not ensue the consequent devastation will be worse than has been seen in this realm for a thousand years Should our legate escape, he may possibly put himself once more in the midst of these turmoils, though he has no cause to do so, unless the Curia makes other arrangements or treats him differently. I crave your pardon for saying so, but they do not seem to know him as your Excellency does. In the meantime, in the fulfilment of his duty and what pertains to his office of legate, he has written a letter to the opposite side, of which I enclose a copy for your lordship. He directed it to an Italian friar, one of his dependants, who is with them, so that it might be made public through his means. If the Church of Rome had only shown that it held these English affairs in greater account than it has done, repute would have upheld and increased the first victory.
This is now lost and confused merely by neglect and for the reason given above.
I shall set out as soon as possible, and in the meantime your Excellency should urge the Curia to make some further demonstration here and that soon, as if help is given even yet, things have been arranged, honourable and advantageous for the estate of the Church and in harmony with the wishes of his Holiness and of Italy, such as our days have never seen. But the legate being merely a poor bishop, makes our folk of the Court consider the great things done by him as dreams, despite all they have seen by experience, which ought to suffice to make them believe, but possibly envy has something to do with it, and when I was there I observed some signs of it. May God provide, who knows all!
London, the 9th of January.
Postscript.—This engagement took place on the last day but one of December near a castle called Pontefract [Map].
[Italian; copy.]
Note 1. Venetian Calendar, vol. i, No. 362.
Before 26th June 1462 [his former wife] Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury (age 55) died. Her son [his son] Richard (age 33) succeeded 6th Earl Salisbury, 5th Baron Montagu, 8th Baron Montagu, 7th Baron Monthermer adding to the earldom of Warwick he had already acquired through his wife some fourteen years previously. The combined earldoms of Warwick and Salisbury made Warwick the second most powerful man in the Kingdom making him Kingmaker. The date based on an entry in the Patent Rolls in which he is referred to as "Richard, Earl of Warwick and Salisbury".
Before 1465 John Conyers (age 53) was retained by Richard Neville Earl Salisbury.
Chronicle of Gregory [1400-1467]. The chaptaynys of this fylde undyr the Duke of Yorke was the [his son] Erle of Warwyke, the Erle of Saulysbury. And in that batayle wer slayne the Duke of Somersett, the [his former brother-in-law] Erle of Northehomerlonde, the Lord Clyfforde, with many moo othyr, bo the of gentylle men and yemen. And the King lete alle this mater be in a dormon a grete and a long tyme aftyr, as ye shalle hyre, for it was noo seson to trete of pesse, for some were welle contente and some evylle plesyd, but at the laste the pepylle said that the Duke of Somersett was worthy to suffer that dethe by so moche that he brought Kyng Harry at Claryngdon be-syde Saulysbury and there he toke his grete sekenys.
Note b. Sir James Butler, Earl of Wiltshire and Ormond. The writer is wrong in saying that he was made Earl of Wiltshire after the battle. He was created Earl of Wiltshire in 1449, and succeeded to the earldom of Ormond in 1452.
King Edward I of England 1239-1307
King Edward III of England 1312-1377
John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster 1340-1399
Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland 1364-1425
Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland 1379-1440
John Neville 3rd Baron Neville of Raby 1337-1388
Maud Percy Baroness Neville Raby
Richard Neville Earl Salisbury 1400-1460
William Marshal 1st Earl Pembroke 1146-1219
Kings Wessex: Great x 11 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings Gwynedd: Great x 8 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd
Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 14 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth
Kings Powys: Great x 9 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys
Kings England: Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Kings Scotland: Great x 10 Grand Son of King Duncan I of Scotland
Kings Franks: Great x 7 Grand Son of Louis VII King Franks
Kings France: Great x 11 Grand Son of Robert "Pious" II King France
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 15 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Great x 4 Grandfather: Geoffrey Neville
Great x 3 Grandfather: Robert Neville
Great x 2 Grandfather: Ralph Neville 1st Baron Neville of Raby
Great x 1 Grandfather: Ralph Neville 2nd Baron Neville of Raby 8 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Roger Fitzjohn 4th Baron Warkworth
Great x 3 Grandfather: Robert Fitzroger 5th Baron Warkworth
Great x 2 Grandmother: Euphemia Clavering Baroness Neville Raby 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Alan Zouche
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Zouche Baroness Warkworth 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Helen or Ela Quincy 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
GrandFather: John Neville 3rd Baron Neville of Raby 4 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Audley
Great x 3 Grandfather: James Audley
Great x 4 Grandmother: Bertrade Mainwaring
Great x 2 Grandfather: Hugh Audley 1st Baron Audley of Stratton Audley 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Longespée Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Ela Longespée Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Idoine Camville
Great x 1 Grandmother: Alice Audley Baroness Greystoke and Neville 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Roger Mortimer 1st Baron Mortimer of Wigmore Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Edmund Mortimer 2nd Baron Mortimer of Wigmore 2 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Maud de Braose
Great x 2 Grandmother: Iseult Mortimer 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Fiennes
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Fiennes 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Blanche Beaumont 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Father: Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Percy 6th Baron Percy Topcliffe
Great x 3 Grandfather: Henry Percy 7th Baron Percy Topcliffe
Great x 2 Grandfather: Henry Percy 9th and 1st Baron Percy
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Warenne 6th Earl of Surrey
Great x 3 Grandmother: Eleanor Warenne Baroness Percy Topcliffe
Great x 4 Grandmother: Alice Lusignan Countess of Surrey
Great x 1 Grandfather: Henry Percy 10th and 2nd Baron Percy 5 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Fitzalan 7th Earl of Arundel 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Richard Fitzalan 1st or 8th Earl of Arundel 3 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabella Mortimer Countess Arundel 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Eleanor Fitzalan Baroness Percy 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas I Marquess Saluzzo 5 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Alice Saluzzo Countess Arundel 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England
GrandMother: Maud Percy Baroness Neville Raby 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Roger Clifford
Great x 3 Grandfather: Roger Clifford
Great x 4 Grandmother: Hawise Botreaux
Great x 2 Grandfather: Robert Clifford 1st Baron Clifford 6 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert Vipont Lord Westmoreland 4 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Isabella Vipont 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabel Fitzjohn
Great x 1 Grandmother: Idonia Clifford Baroness Percy 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard de Clare 6th Earl Gloucester 5th Earl Hertford 3 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas de Clare 4 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Maud Lacy Countess Gloucester and Hertford 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Maud Clare Baroness Clifford Baroness Welles 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Maurice Fitzgerald 4th Lord Offaly
Great x 3 Grandmother: Juliana Fitzgerald 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Emmeline Longespée Baroness Offaly Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Richard Neville Earl Salisbury Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Henry III of England Son of King John of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: King Edward I of England Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Eleanor of Provence Queen Consort England
Great x 2 Grandfather: King Edward II of England Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Ferdinand III King Castile III King Leon Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Eleanor of Castile Queen Consort England 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Joan Dammartin Queen Consort Castile and Leon
Great x 1 Grandfather: King Edward III of England Son of King Edward II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Philip III of France 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: King Philip IV of France 3 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabella Barcelona Queen Consort France
Great x 2 Grandmother: Isabella of France Queen Consort England 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry I King Navarre 4 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Joan Blois I Queen Navarre 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Blanche Capet Queen Navarre 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
GrandFather: John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Hainault I Count Hainault 4 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: John Hainault II Count Hainault II Count Holland 3 x Great Grand Son of King Stephen I England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Adelaide Gerulfing Countess Hainault 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Stephen I England
Great x 2 Grandfather: William Hainault I Count Hainault III Count Avesnes III Count Holland II Count Zeeland 4 x Great Grand Son of King Stephen I England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry "Great" Luxemburg V Count Luxemburg III Count Namur
Great x 3 Grandmother: Philippa Luxemburg Countess Hainault and Holland 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret of Bar Countess Luxemburg and Namur 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Philippa of Hainault Queen Consort England 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Stephen I England
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Philip III of France 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Charles Valois I Count Valois 3 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabella Barcelona Queen Consort France
Great x 2 Grandmother: Joan Valois Countess Zeeland Holland Avesnes and Hainault 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Charles II King Naples 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Capet Countess Valois 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Mary of Hungary Queen Consort Naples
Mother: Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Giles "Payne" Roet
GrandMother: Katherine Swynford aka Roet Duchess Lancaster