The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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America is in Americas.
After 15th February 1672 Charles Hotham (deceased) died in Bermudas.
Around 1663 Charles Hotham 4th Baronet was born to Charles Hotham (age 47) in Bermuda. He married (1) 25th April 1693 Bridget Gee and had issue (2) after 1701 Mildred Cecil Baroness Hotham, daughter of James Cecil 3rd Earl Salisbury and Margaret Manners Countess of Salisbury.
On 16th December 1776 William Tollemache (age 25) drowned when HMS Repulse sank in a hurricane off Bermuda.
On 7th November 1901 Frank Alexander Garforth (age 42) drowned while in command of the guardship H.M.S. Hotspur at Bermuda. He was found to have fallen into the sea, but "no evidence exists to shew how he got there." He was buried at the Royal Naval Cemetery, Ireland Island, Sandys Parish, Bermuda.
Royal Naval Cemetery, Ireland Island, Sandys Parish, Bermuda, Bermudas, Atlantic Islands, America, Americas
On 7th November 1901 Frank Alexander Garforth (age 42) drowned while in command of the guardship H.M.S. Hotspur at Bermuda. He was found to have fallen into the sea, but "no evidence exists to shew how he got there." He was buried at the Royal Naval Cemetery, Ireland Island, Sandys Parish, Bermuda.
John Evelyn's Diary. 19th August 1671. To Council. The letters of Sir Thomas Modiford (age 51) were read, giving relation of the exploit at Panama, which was very brave; they took, burned, and pillaged the town of vast treasures, but the best of the booty had been shipped off, and lay at anchor in the South Sea, so that, after our men had ranged the country sixty miles about, they went back to Nombre de Dios, and embarked for Jamaica. Such an action had not been done since the famous Drake.
John Evelyn's Diary. 20th October 1674. At Lord Berkeley's (age 46), I discoursed with Sir Thomas Modiford (age 54), late Governor of Jamaica, and with Colonel Morgan (age 39), who undertook that gallant exploit from Nombre de Dios to Panama, on the Continent of America; he told me 10,000 men would easily conquer all the Spanish Indies, they were so secure. They took great booty, and much greater had been taken, had they not been betrayed and so discovered before their approach, by which the Spaniards had time to carry their vast treasure on board ships that put off to sea in sight of our men, who had no boats to follow. They set fire to Panama, and ravaged the country sixty miles about. The Spaniards were so supine and unexercised, that they were afraid to fire a great gun.
John Evelyn's Diary. 29th June 1671. To Council, where were letters from Sir Thomas Modiford (age 51), of the expedition and exploit of Colonel Morgan (age 36), and others of Jamaica, on the Spanish Continent at Panama.
On 19th January 1671 Captain Henry Morgan Privateer (age 35) routed a superior Spanish force and captured Old Panama City.
John Evelyn's Diary. 20th October 1674. At Lord Berkeley's (age 46), I discoursed with Sir Thomas Modiford (age 54), late Governor of Jamaica, and with Colonel Morgan (age 39), who undertook that gallant exploit from Nombre de Dios to Panama, on the Continent of America; he told me 10,000 men would easily conquer all the Spanish Indies, they were so secure. They took great booty, and much greater had been taken, had they not been betrayed and so discovered before their approach, by which the Spaniards had time to carry their vast treasure on board ships that put off to sea in sight of our men, who had no boats to follow. They set fire to Panama, and ravaged the country sixty miles about. The Spaniards were so supine and unexercised, that they were afraid to fire a great gun.