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The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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Paternal Family Tree: Hoghton
Maternal Family Tree: Anne Ratclyffe 1539-1603
In or before 1591 [his father] Richard Hoghton 1st Baronet (age 20) and [his mother] Catherine Gerard Lady Hoghton (age 21) were married. She by marriage Lady Hoghton of Hoghton Tower in Lancashire. They had five sons and eight daughters.
In 1591 Gilbert Hoghton 2nd Baronet was born to [his father] Richard Hoghton 1st Baronet (age 20) and [his mother] Catherine Gerard Lady Hoghton (age 22).
On 21st July 1604 Gilbert Hoghton 2nd Baronet (age 13) was knighted by King James I (age 38) at Whitehall Palace [Map].
In 1614 Gilbert Hoghton 2nd Baronet (age 23) was elected MP Clitheroe.
Around 1616 [his son] Richard Hoghton 3rd Baronet was born to Gilbert Hoghton 2nd Baronet (age 25). He married in or before 1644 Sarah Stanhope Lady Hoghton, daughter of Philip Stanhope 1st Earl Chesterfield and Catherine Hastings Countess Chesterfield, and had issue.
On 17th November 1617 [his mother] Catherine Gerard Lady Hoghton (age 48) died at Houghton Tower, Preston.
In 1621 Gilbert Hoghton 2nd Baronet (age 30) was elected MP Lancashire which seat he held until 1622.
In 1626 Gilbert Hoghton 2nd Baronet (age 35) was elected MP Lancashire.
The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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Before 1630 [his father] Richard Hoghton 1st Baronet (age 59) and Jane Spencer Lady Hoghton were married. She by marriage Lady Hoghton of Hoghton Tower in Lancashire.
In 1630 [his father] Richard Hoghton 1st Baronet (age 59) died. His son Gilbert (age 39) succeeded 2nd Baronet Hoghton of Hoghton Tower in Lancashire.
In April 1640 Gilbert Hoghton 2nd Baronet (age 49) was elected MP Lancashire.
In 1643 Gilbert Hoghton 2nd Baronet (age 52) was appointed High Sheriff of Lancashire.
In or before 1644 [his son] Richard Hoghton 3rd Baronet (age 27) and [his daughter-in-law] Sarah Stanhope Lady Hoghton were married. She the daughter of Philip Stanhope 1st Earl Chesterfield (age 59) and Catherine Hastings Countess Chesterfield.
Before 1647 [his son] Peter Hoghton died.
In April 1648 Gilbert Hoghton 2nd Baronet (age 57) died. His son Richard (age 32) succeeded 3rd Baronet Hoghton of Hoghton Tower in Lancashire. [his daughter-in-law] Sarah Stanhope Lady Hoghton by marriage Lady Hoghton of Hoghton Tower in Lancashire.
[his son] Peter Hoghton was born to Gilbert Hoghton 2nd Baronet.
GrandFather: Thomas Hoghton of Hoghton Tower in Lancashire
Father: Richard Hoghton 1st Baronet
Great x 1 Grandfather: Henry Keighley of Keighley in Yorkshire
GrandMother: Anne Keighley
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Gerard
Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas Gerard
Great x 2 Grandfather: William Gerard
Great x 1 Grandfather: James Gerard of Astley
GrandFather: Gilbert Gerard
Great x 3 Grandfather: John Holcroft
Great x 2 Grandfather: John Holcroft
Great x 1 Grandmother: Margaret Holcroft
Mother: Catherine Gerard Lady Hoghton
Great x 3 Grandfather: Richard Radclyffe
Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas Radclyffe
Great x 1 Grandfather: Thomas Ratclyffe
GrandMother: Anne Ratclyffe