The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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Paternal Family Tree: Finch
Maternal Family Tree: Joan Arches 1410-1497
In 1609 [his father] Thomas Finch 2nd Earl Winchilsea [aged 30] and [his mother] Cecily Wentworth Countess Winchelsea [aged 15] were married. He the son of [his grandfather] Moyle Finch 1st Baronet [aged 59] and [his grandmother] Elizabeth Heneage 1st Countess Winchelsea [aged 52]. They were fifth cousins.
In 1628 Heneage Finch 3rd Earl Winchilsea was born to [his father] Thomas Finch 2nd Earl Winchilsea [aged 49] and [his mother] Cecily Wentworth Countess Winchelsea [aged 34].
On 23rd March 1634 [his grandmother] Elizabeth Heneage 1st Countess Winchelsea [aged 77] died. Her son [his father] Thomas [aged 55] succeeded 2nd Earl Winchilsea, 2nd Viscount Maidstone. [his mother] Cecily Wentworth Countess Winchelsea [aged 40] by marriage Countess Winchilsea.
On 4th November 1639 [his father] Thomas Finch 2nd Earl Winchilsea [aged 61] died. His son Heneage [aged 11] succeeded 3rd Earl Winchilsea, 3rd Viscount Maidstone, 4th Baronet Finch of Eastwell in Kent.
The Manuscripts of His Grace the Duke of Rutland 1640. 4th January 1640. Savoy.
[his future father-in-law] F. Lord Willoughby to his uncle, the Earl of Rutland [aged 60], at Belvoir Castle [Map].
When we ate your venison my [his future mother-in-law] wife and I drank your health and my Lady's and did not forget little Mr. George, whom, I am glad to hear, grows towards a man. "There hath beene a marriage at the court betweene one of my Lord of Corcke [aged 73] sonnse [aged 21] and my Lady Elizabeth Feelding, about which there is a greate stur, for it seemes he did not prove eoe rite as a man should be to goo about such a business. For the report goese that his manly part had lost something in his former serviocesse, and beside that he was soe full of severall disceases ... as that it was tould the Queene [aged 30], whoe sent for my Lady Elizabeth, and tould her that she must desier her not to lett her husband lye with her that night, whoe put of, modilestly making little answere, but she seemed so lothe to understand the Queene, as that she tould her she must command her not to come in a pair of sheets with him, and tould her the reasons; soe as that he is gone out of the way some say into France, others thinks he is in London under cower. It was discovered by his sister [aged 30] Mr. Goring's [aged 31] wife, to whom he had imparted his grevancess, and she had plotted it soe, to make an excuse for him, that he should falie downe stares that day, and she would come and take him up, and soe he should complane how he had breused himselfe and strained his back with the fale, that he should be soe ill he was not fitt to goe to bed to his wife that night. But could not keepe her counsel but must tell her husband Jorge Goring, and he presently ran and tould the Queene, and soe it was discovered and then it was presently in every buddy's mouth.".
My Lord Keeper is so ill that the physicians think he cannot recover. My Lord Chief Justice Bramstone is talked of to be Lord Keeper, and Bishop Wren [aged 54]. It is known to be between those two. My Lord Finch [aged 12] will be Chief Justice of the King's Bench and the Attorney General to be Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. Signet.
On 1st December 1642 [his mother] Cecily Wentworth Countess Winchelsea [aged 49] died.
On 21st May 1645 Heneage Finch 3rd Earl Winchilsea [aged 17] and Diana Willoughby Countess Winchelsea were married. She by marriage Countess Winchilsea. He the son of Thomas Finch 2nd Earl Winchilsea and Cecily Wentworth Countess Winchelsea. They were half fourth cousin twice removed.
Around 1650 Heneage Finch 3rd Earl Winchilsea [aged 22] and Mary Seymour Countess Winchelsea [aged 13] were married. She by marriage Countess Winchilsea. She the daughter of William Seymour 2nd Duke of Somerset [aged 62] and Frances Devereux Duchess of Somerset [aged 50]. He the son of Thomas Finch 2nd Earl Winchilsea and Cecily Wentworth Countess Winchelsea. They were third cousins. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland.
In 1650 [his daughter] Frances Finch Viscountess Weymouth was born to Heneage Finch 3rd Earl Winchilsea [aged 22] and [his wife] Mary Seymour Countess Winchelsea [aged 13]. She married before 1672 her sixth cousin Thomas Thynne 1st Viscount Weymouth, son of Henry Thynne 1st Baronet and Mary Coventry Lady Thynne Kempsford, and had issue.
Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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In or before 1653 [his son] William Finch was born to Heneage Finch 3rd Earl Winchilsea [aged 24] and [his wife] Mary Seymour Countess Winchelsea [aged 15].
John Evelyn's Diary. 19th September 1655. Came to see me Sir Edward Hales [aged 29], Mr. Ashmole [aged 38], Mr. Harlakenton, and Mr. Thornhill: and, the next day, I visited Sir Henry Newton at Charlton, where I met the Earl of Winchelsea [aged 27] and Baroness Beauchamp [aged 25], daughter to the Lord Capel.
In 1656 [his brother-in-law] John Seymour 4th Duke of Somerset [aged 11] and Sarah Alston Duchess Somerset [aged 14] were married. He the son of [his father-in-law] William Seymour 2nd Duke of Somerset [aged 68] and [his mother-in-law] Frances Devereux Duchess of Somerset [aged 56].
On 3rd January 1657 [his son] Heneage Finch 5th Earl Winchilsea was born to Heneage Finch 3rd Earl Winchilsea [aged 29] and [his wife] Mary Seymour Countess Winchelsea [aged 20]. He was baptised on 11th January 1657. He married 15th May 1684 Anne Kingsmill Countess Winchelsea.
In 1658 [his son] Thomas Finch was born to Heneage Finch 3rd Earl Winchilsea [aged 30] and [his wife] Mary Seymour Countess Winchelsea [aged 21].
On 7th May 1659 Thomas Wriothesley 4th Earl of Southampton 2nd Earl Chichester [aged 52] and [his sister-in-law] Frances Seymour Countess Southampton [aged 41] were married. She by marriage Countess of Southampton. She the daughter of [his father-in-law] William Seymour 2nd Duke of Somerset [aged 71] and [his mother-in-law] Frances Devereux Duchess of Somerset [aged 59]. He the son of Henry Wriothesley 3rd Earl of Southampton and Elizabeth Vernon Countess Southampton. They were second cousin once removed. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland.
After 15th May 1660 Henry Mildmay [aged 67] was captured by Heneage Finch 3rd Earl Winchilsea [aged 32] at Rye [Map].
John Evelyn's Diary. 18th June 1660. I proposed the embassy to Constantinople aka Istanbul, Turkey for Mr. Henshaw [aged 42]; but my Lord Winchelsea [aged 32] struck in.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 15th October 1666. After dinner away home, Mr. Brisband along with me as far as the Temple [Map], and there looked upon a new booke, set out by one Rycault, secretary to my Lord Winchelsea [aged 38], of the policy and customs of the Turks, which is, it seems, much cried up. But I could not stay, but home, where I find Balty [aged 26] come back, and with him some muster-books, which I am glad of, and hope he will do me credit in his employment.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 18th May 1668. Thence to my tailor's, and there did find Mercer come with Mrs. Horsfield and Gayet according to my desire, and there I took them up, it being almost twelve o'clock, or a little more, and carried them to the King's playhouse, where the doors were not then open; but presently they did open; and we in, and find many people already come in, by private ways, into the pit, it being the first day of Sir Charles Sidly's [aged 29] new play, so long expected, "The Mullberry Guarden", of whom, being so reputed a wit, all the world do expect great matters. I having sat here awhile, and eat nothing to-day, did slip out, getting a boy to keep my place; and to the Rose Tavern, and there got half a breast of mutton, off of the spit, and dined all alone. And so to the play again, where the King [aged 37] and Queen [aged 29], by and by, come, and all the Court; and the house infinitely full. But the play, when it come, though there was, here and there, a pretty saying, and that not very many neither, yet the whole of the play had nothing extraordinary in it, at all, neither of language nor design; insomuch that the King I did not see laugh, nor pleased the whole play from the beginning to the end, nor the company; insomuch that I have not been less pleased at a new play in my life, I think. And which made it the worse was, that there never was worse musick played-that is, worse things composed, which made me and Captain Rolt [aged 39], who happened to sit near me, mad. So away thence, very little satisfied with the play, but pleased with my company. I carried them to Kensington, to the Grotto, and there we sang, to my great content, only vexed, in going in, to see a son of Sir Heneage Finch's [aged 40] beating of a poor little dog to death, letting it lie in so much pain that made me mad to see it, till, by and by, the servants of the house chiding of their young master, one of them come with a thong, and killed the dog outright presently.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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John Evelyn's Diary. 4th August 1669. I was invited by Sir Henry Peckham [aged 54] to his reading feast in the Middle Temple, a pompous entertainment, where were the Archbishop of Canterbury [aged 71], all the great Earls and Lords, etc. I had much discourse with my Lord Winchelsea [aged 41], a prodigious talker; and the Venetian Ambassador [Signor Muccinigo].
On 12th December 1671 William Seymour 3rd Duke of Somerset [aged 17] died. His uncle [his brother-in-law] John [aged 26] succeeded 4th Duke Somerset, 3rd Marquess Hertford, 4th Earl Hertford, 4th Baron Beauchamp of Hatch Beauchamp in Somerset. Sarah Alston Duchess Somerset [aged 29] by marriage Duchess Somerset.
Before 1672 [his son-in-law] Thomas Thynne 1st Viscount Weymouth [aged 31] and Frances Finch Viscountess Weymouth [aged 21] were married. She the daughter of Heneage Finch 3rd Earl Winchilsea [aged 43] and Mary Seymour Countess Winchelsea [aged 34]. They were sixth cousins. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland.
On 10th April 1673 Heneage Finch 3rd Earl Winchilsea [aged 45] and Catherine Norcliffe Countess Winchelsea were married. She by marriage Countess Winchilsea. He the son of Thomas Finch 2nd Earl Winchilsea and Cecily Wentworth Countess Winchelsea.
On 10th April 1673 [his wife] Mary Seymour Countess Winchelsea [aged 36] died.
On 29th October 1681 Heneage Finch 3rd Earl Winchilsea [aged 53] and Elizabeth Ayres Countess Winchelsea were married. She by marriage Countess Winchilsea. He the son of Thomas Finch 2nd Earl Winchilsea and Cecily Wentworth Countess Winchelsea.
On 24th February 1683 [his son] John Finch 6th Earl Winchilsea was born to Heneage Finch 3rd Earl Winchilsea [aged 55] and [his wife] Elizabeth Ayres Countess Winchelsea. He was christened on 6th March 1683 at Eastwell, Kent.
On 15th May 1684 Heneage Finch 5th Earl Winchilsea [aged 27] and Anne Kingsmill Countess Winchelsea [aged 23] were married. She by marriage Countess Winchilsea. He the son of Heneage Finch 3rd Earl Winchilsea [aged 56] and Mary Seymour Countess Winchelsea.
In 1689 Heneage Finch 3rd Earl Winchilsea [aged 61] died. His grandson Charles [aged 16] succeeded 4th Earl Winchilsea, 4th Viscount Maidstone, 5th Baronet Finch of Eastwell in Kent.
On 10th April 1745 [his former wife] Elizabeth Ayres Countess Winchelsea died.
Kings Wessex: Great x 17 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings Gwynedd: Great x 14 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd
Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 20 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth
Kings Powys: Great x 15 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys
Kings Godwinson: Great x 18 Grand Son of King Harold II of England
Kings England: Great x 8 Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Kings Scotland: Great x 16 Grand Son of King Duncan I of Scotland
Kings Franks: Great x 24 Grand Son of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor
Kings France: Great x 18 Grand Son of Hugh I King of the Franks
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 21 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Finch of Netherfield
Great x 3 Grandfather: Henry Finch
Great x 2 Grandfather: William Finch
Great x 1 Grandfather: Thomas Finch
GrandFather: Moyle Finch 1st Baronet
Great x 4 Grandfather: Walter Moyle
Great x 3 Grandfather: John Moyle
Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas Moyle
Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert Darcy
Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne Darcy
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Tyrrell
Great x 1 Grandmother: Katherine Moyle
Father: Thomas Finch 2nd Earl Winchilsea
8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: John Heneage
Great x 2 Grandfather: Robert Heneage
Great x 1 Grandfather: Thomas Heneage
Great x 2 Grandmother: Lucy Buckton
GrandMother: Elizabeth Heneage 1st Countess Winchelsea 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert Poyntz
Great x 3 Grandfather: Anthony Poyntz
8 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Woodville
7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Nicholas Poyntz
6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Huddersfield
Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Huddersfield 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Katherine Courtenay 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Anne Poyntz
6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Maurice Berkeley 3rd Baron Berkeley
4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas Berkeley 5th Baron Berkeley
5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Joan Berkeley
5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Marmaduke Constable
9 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Eleanor Constable Baroness Berkeley
4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margery Fitzhugh
3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Heneage Finch 3rd Earl Winchilsea
8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Wentworth
8 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Roger Wentworth
6 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Howard
5 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Henry Wentworth
7 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Humphrey Tyrrell
Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne Tyrrell
Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabel Helion
Great x 1 Grandfather: John Wentworth of Gosfield
8 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
GrandFather: John Wentworth
9 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Christopher Heydon
Great x 1 Grandmother: Elizabeth Heydon 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert Drury
Great x 3 Grandfather: William Drury 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Calthorpe
7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Anne Drury 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Sothill
Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Sothill
Great x 4 Grandmother: Joan Empson
Mother: Cecily Wentworth Countess Winchelsea
7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas Unton
Great x 2 Grandfather: Alexander Unton
Great x 1 Grandfather: Edward Unton
Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard Bulstrode
Great x 3 Grandfather: Edward Bulstrode
Great x 2 Grandmother: Cecily Bulstrode
GrandMother: Cicely Unton 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Seymour
12 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 3 Grandfather: John Seymour
9 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Darrell 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Edward Seymour 1st Duke of Somerset 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Wentworth 4th Baron Despencer
4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margery Wentworth
5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Saye Baroness Despencer
8 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Anne Seymour Countess of Warwick
5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas Stanhope
Great x 3 Grandfather: Edward Stanhope
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret or Mary Jerningham
Great x 2 Grandmother: Anne Stanhope Duchess Somerset
4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Fulk Bourchier 10th Baron Fitzwarin
2 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Bourchier
3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Dynham Baroness Fitzwarin 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England