The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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Paternal Family Tree: Howard
Maternal Family Tree: Elizabeth Stumpe
In 1683 [his father] Charles Howard 3rd Earl Carlisle [aged 14] and [his mother] Anne Capell Countess Carlisle [aged 9] were married. She the daughter of [his grandfather] Arthur Capell 1st Earl Essex [aged 50] and [his grandmother] Elizabeth Percy Countess Essex [aged 47]. He the son of Edward Howard 2nd Earl Carlisle [aged 36] and Elizabeth Uvedale Countess Carlisle. They were third cousins.
On 14th August 1694 Henry Howard 4th Earl Carlisle was born to Charles Howard 3rd Earl Carlisle [aged 25] and Anne Capell Countess Carlisle [aged 20]. He was educated at Eton College [Map] and Trinity College, Cambridge University [Map].
In 1717 Henry Howard 4th Earl Carlisle [aged 22] and Frances Spencer Countess Carlisle [aged 21] were married. She the daughter of Charles Spencer 3rd Earl of Sunderland [aged 41] and Arabella Cavendish. He the son of Charles Howard 3rd Earl Carlisle [aged 48] and Anne Capell Countess Carlisle [aged 43]. They were third cousin once removed.
In 1717 [his brother-in-law] Rich Ingram 5th Viscount Irvine [aged 28] and [his sister] Anne Howard Viscountess Irvine [aged 21] were married. She by marriage Viscountess Irvine. She the daughter of [his father] Charles Howard 3rd Earl Carlisle [aged 48] and [his mother] Anne Capell Countess Carlisle [aged 43]. They were fourth cousins.
Before 22nd May 1719 [his son] Charles Howard was born to Henry Howard 4th Earl Carlisle [aged 24] and [his wife] Frances Spencer Countess Carlisle [aged 23]. On 22nd May 1719 Charles Howard was christened.
Around 1721 [his daughter] Arabella Howard was born to Henry Howard 4th Earl Carlisle [aged 26] and [his wife] Frances Spencer Countess Carlisle [aged 25]. She married in or before 1743 Johnathan Cope, son of Johnathan Cope 1st Baronet and Mary Jenkinson Lady Cope, and had issue.
On 19th April 1722 [his father-in-law] Charles Spencer 3rd Earl of Sunderland [aged 46] died. His son [his brother-in-law] Robert [aged 20] succeeded 4th Earl of Sunderland, 6th Baron Spencer Wormleighton.
In 1723 [his daughter] Diana Howard was born to Henry Howard 4th Earl Carlisle [aged 28] and [his wife] Frances Spencer Countess Carlisle [aged 27]. She married 9th February 1749 her sixth cousin Thomas Duncombe and had issue.
On 27th February 1729 [his brother-in-law] Robert Spencer 4th Earl of Sunderland [aged 27] died. His brother Charles [aged 22] succeeded 5th Earl of Sunderland, 7th Baron Spencer Wormleighton.
On 11th October 1731 John Russell 4th Duke Bedford [aged 21] and [his sister-in-law] Diana Spencer Duchess Bedford [aged 21] were married. She the daughter of [his father-in-law] Charles Spencer 3rd Earl of Sunderland and Anne Churchill Countess Sunderland. He the son of Wriothesley Russell 2nd Duke Bedford and Elizabeth Howland Duchess Bedford. They were third cousins.
The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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On 23rd May 1732 [his brother-in-law] Charles Spencer 3rd Duke of Marlborough [aged 25] and Elizabeth Trevor Duchess of Marlborough [aged 19] were married. She by marriage Countess of Sunderland. He the son of [his father-in-law] Charles Spencer 3rd Earl of Sunderland and Anne Churchill Countess Sunderland.
On 23rd October 1732 Wriothesley Russell 3rd Duke Bedford [aged 24] died at A Coruña. He was buried at Bedford Chapel, St Michael's Church, Chenies. His brother John [aged 22] succeeded 4th Duke Bedford, 4th Marquess Tavistock, 8th Earl Bedford, 8th Baron Russell of Cheneys, 6th Baron Russell of Thornhaugh, 4th Baron Howland of Streatham. [his sister-in-law] Diana Spencer Duchess Bedford [aged 22] by marriage Duchess Bedford.
On 24th October 1733 Henrietta Churchill 2nd Duchess of Marlborough [aged 52] died. Her nephew [his brother-in-law] Charles [aged 26] succeeded 3rd Duke Marlborough, 3rd Marquess of Blandford, 3rd Earl of Marlborough, 3rd Baron Churchill of Sandridge in Hertfordshire. Elizabeth Trevor Duchess of Marlborough [aged 20] by marriage Duchess Marlborough.
On 27th September 1735 [his sister-in-law] Diana Spencer Duchess Bedford [aged 25] died at Southampton House.
On 1st May 1738 [his father] Charles Howard 3rd Earl Carlisle [aged 69] died at Bath, Somerset [Map]. He was buried at Castle Howard Mausoleum. His son Henry [aged 43] succeeded 4th Earl Carlisle. [his wife] Frances Spencer Countess Carlisle [aged 42] by marriage Countess Carlisle.
On 9th August 1741 [his son] Charles Howard [aged 22] died.
On 27th July 1742 [his wife] Frances Spencer Countess Carlisle [aged 46] died.
In or before 1743 [his son-in-law] Johnathan Cope [aged 24] and Arabella Howard [aged 21] were married. She the daughter of Henry Howard 4th Earl Carlisle [aged 48] and Frances Spencer Countess Carlisle.
In 1743 Henry Howard 4th Earl Carlisle [aged 48] and Isabella Byron Countess Carlisle [aged 21] were married. She by marriage Countess Carlisle. The difference in their ages was 27 years. He the son of Charles Howard 3rd Earl Carlisle and Anne Capell Countess Carlisle [aged 69]. They were fourth cousins.
Around 1746 [his daughter] Arabella Howard [aged 25] died.
Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
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On 28th May 1748 [his son] Frederick Howard 5th Earl Carlisle was born to Henry Howard 4th Earl Carlisle [aged 53] and [his wife] Isabella Byron Countess Carlisle [aged 26]. He married 22nd March 1770 his fourth cousin once removed Margaret Caroline Leveson-Gower Countess Carlisle, daughter of Granville Leveson-Gower 1st Marquess Stafford and Louisa Egerton Countess Gower, and had issue.
On 9th February 1749 [his son-in-law] Thomas Duncombe [aged 24] and Diana Howard [aged 26] were married. She the daughter of Henry Howard 4th Earl Carlisle [aged 54] and Frances Spencer Countess Carlisle. They were sixth cousins.
In 1752 [his mother] Anne Capell Countess Carlisle [aged 78] died.
In 1756 King George II of Great Britain and Ireland [aged 72] created new Garter Knights as follows:
572nd William Cavendish 4th Duke Devonshire [aged 35],
573rd Henry Howard 4th Earl Carlisle [aged 61],
574th Hugh Percy 1st Duke Northumberland [aged 40],
575th Francis Seymour-Conway 1st Marquess Hertford [aged 37].
On 3rd September 1758 Henry Howard 4th Earl Carlisle [aged 64] died. His son Frederick [aged 10] succeeded 5th Earl Carlisle.
On 22nd January 1795 [his former wife] Isabella Byron Countess Carlisle [aged 73] died.
[his son] Juliana Howard was born to Henry Howard 4th Earl Carlisle and Isabella Byron Countess Carlisle.
[his son] Elizabeth Howard was born to Henry Howard 4th Earl Carlisle and Isabella Byron Countess Carlisle.
[his son] Frances Howard was born to Henry Howard 4th Earl Carlisle and Isabella Byron Countess Carlisle.
[his son] Anne Howard was born to Henry Howard 4th Earl Carlisle and Isabella Byron Countess Carlisle.
[his son] Robert Howard was born to Henry Howard 4th Earl Carlisle and Frances Spencer Countess Carlisle.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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[his son] Henry Howard was born to Henry Howard 4th Earl Carlisle and Frances Spencer Countess Carlisle.
Kings Wessex: Great x 20 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings Gwynedd: Great x 17 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd
Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 23 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth
Kings Powys: Great x 18 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys
Kings Godwinson: Great x 20 Grand Son of King Harold II of England
Kings England: Great x 10 Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Kings Scotland: Great x 19 Grand Son of King Duncan I of Scotland
Kings Franks: Great x 26 Grand Son of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor
Kings France: Great x 21 Grand Son of Hugh I King of the Franks
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 24 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Howard 
7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Philip Howard 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Dacre 
6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: William Howard 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Caryll
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Caryll
Great x 1 Grandfather: Charles Howard 1st Earl Carlisle 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Ralph Eure 3rd Baron Eure 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: William Eure 4th Baron Eure 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Mary Dawnay Baroness Eure 
7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Mary Eure 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Andrew Noel 
Great x 3 Grandmother: Lucy Noel
Great x 4 Grandmother: Mabel Harrington 
GrandFather: Edward Howard 2nd Earl Carlisle 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas Howard 4th Duke of Norfolk 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas Howard 1st Earl Suffolk 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Audley Duchess Norfolk 
6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Edward Howard 1st Baron Howard 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Knyvet 
8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Catherine Knyvet Countess Suffolk 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Stumpe
Great x 1 Grandmother: Anne Howard Countess Carlisle 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Father: Charles Howard 3rd Earl Carlisle 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: William Uvedale
Great x 2 Grandfather: William Uvedale of Wickham
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Gresham 
Great x 3 Grandmother: Ellen Gresham
Great x 4 Grandmother: Mary Ipswell
Great x 1 Grandfather: William Uvedale
GrandMother: Elizabeth Uvedale Countess Carlisle 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Carey 
4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Edward Carey 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Joyce Denny 
7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Henry Carey 1st Viscount Falkland 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Knyvet of Charlton Wiltshire 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Catherine Knyvet Baroness Geneville Beaudasert 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Pickering 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Victoria Carey 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert Tanfield of Burford 4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Lawrence Tanfield 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Elizabeth Tanfield Duchess Bridgewater 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Henry Howard 4th Earl Carlisle 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Capell 11 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Arthur Capell 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Catherine Manners 
5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Henry Capell 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Grey 
5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Grey 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Mary Browne 
5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Arthur Capell 1st Baron Capell Hadham 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Edward Montagu 
7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Edward Montagu 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Helen Roper 
Great x 2 Grandmother: Theodosia Montagu 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: James Harrington
Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Harrington
Great x 4 Grandmother: Lucy Sidney 
GrandFather: Arthur Capell 1st Earl Essex 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard Morrison 
Great x 3 Grandfather: Charles Morrison 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Bridget Hussey Countess Bedford 
5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Charles Morrison 1st Baronet 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Nicholas Clerke
Great x 3 Grandmother: Dorothea Clerke
Great x 1 Grandmother: Elizabeth Morrison Baroness Capell Hadham 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert Hicks
Great x 3 Grandfather: Baptist Hicks 1st Viscount Campden
Great x 2 Grandmother: Mary Hicks Lady Cooper and Morrison
Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard May
Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth May Viscountess Campden
Mother: Anne Capell Countess Carlisle 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas Percy 4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Henry Percy 8th Earl of Northumberland 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Eleanor Harbottle 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Henry "Wizard Earl" Percy 9th Earl of Northumberland 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Neville 4th Baron Latimer of Snape 
5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Katherine Neville Countess Northumberland 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Lucy Somerset Baroness Latimer Snape 
5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Algernon Percy 10th Earl of Northumberland 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard Devereux 
5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Walter Devereux 1st Earl Essex 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Dorothy Hastings 
5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Dorothy Devereux Countess Northumberland 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Francis Knollys 
Great x 3 Grandmother: Lettice Knollys Countess Essex and Leicester 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Catherine Carey 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
GrandMother: Elizabeth Percy Countess Essex 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Cecil 1st Baron Burghley 
Great x 3 Grandfather: Robert Cecil 1st Earl Salisbury 11 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Mildred Cooke Baroness Burghley 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: William Cecil 2nd Earl Salisbury 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Brooke 10th Baron Cobham 
5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Brooke 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Frances Newton Baroness Cobham 
7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Anne Cecil 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas Howard 4th Duke of Norfolk 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas Howard 1st Earl Suffolk 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Audley Duchess Norfolk 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Catherine Howard Countess Salisbury 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Knyvet 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Catherine Knyvet Countess Suffolk 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Stumpe