The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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Biography of Hugh Wyndham Baron of the Exchequer 1602-1684

Paternal Family Tree: Wyndham

In 1602 Hugh Wyndham was born to [his father] John Wyndham of Orchard (age 44) and [his mother] Joan Portman in Orchard Wyndham, Watchet.

On 19th March 1622 Hugh Wyndham (age 20) was admitted to Lincoln's Inn.

On 16th June 1629 Hugh Wyndham (age 27) was admitted to Lincoln's Inn.

Around 1640 Hugh Wyndham (age 38) and Jane Wodehouse were married. They were fifth cousin once removed.

On 2nd June 1643 Hugh Wyndham (age 41) was awarded Master of Arts: Oxford University by Royal Warrant.

Around 1645 [his daughter] Rachel Wyndham Countess of Bristol was born to Hugh Wyndham (age 43) and [his wife] Jane Wodehouse. She married on or after 13th July 1663 her fifth cousin once removed John Digby 3rd Earl Bristol, son of George Digby 2nd Earl Bristol and Anne Russell Countess Bristol.

On 1st April 1645 [his father] John Wyndham of Orchard (age 87) died.

On 30th May 1654 Hugh Wyndham (age 52) was appointed Justice of the Common Pleas by Oliver Cromwell (age 55).

In 1656 [his son-in-law] Nathaniel Napier 2nd Baronet (age 20) and [his daughter] Blanche Wyndham Lady Napier were married.

Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough

A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'

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On or after 13th July 1663, the date of the licence, [his son-in-law] John Digby 3rd Earl Bristol (age 29) and [his daughter] Rachel Wyndham Countess of Bristol (age 18) were married. He the son of George Digby 2nd Earl Bristol (age 50) and Anne Russell Countess Bristol (age 43). They were fifth cousin once removed.

On 20th June 1673 Hugh Wyndham (age 71) was appointed Baron of the Exchequer.

On 20th June 1673 Hugh Wyndham (age 71) was knighted by King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 43).

On 24th December 1684 Hugh Wyndham (age 82) died.

[his daughter] Blanche Wyndham Lady Napier was born to Hugh Wyndham and Jane Wodehouse. She married 1656 Nathaniel Napier 2nd Baronet, son of Garrard Napier 1st Baronet, and had issue.

[his father] John Wyndham of Orchard and [his mother] Joan Portman were married.

Royal Ancestors of Hugh Wyndham

Kings Wessex: Great x 17 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England

Kings Gwynedd: Great x 15 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 21 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth

Kings Powys: Great x 16 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys

Kings England: Great x 10 Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Kings Scotland: Great x 16 Grand Son of King Duncan I of Scotland

Kings Franks: Great x 14 Grand Son of Louis VII King of the Franks

Kings France: Great x 17 Grand Son of Robert "Pious" II King of the Franks

Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 21 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine

Ancestors of Hugh Wyndham

Great x 3 Grandfather: John Wyndham

Great x 2 Grandfather: Vice-Admiral Thomas Wyndham 6 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Howard 1st Duke of Norfolk 4 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Howard 5 x Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 4 Grandmother: Katherine Moleyns 5 x Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 1 Grandfather: John Wyndham 7 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Scrope 4th Baron Scrope of Bolton 5 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 3 Grandfather: Richard Scrope 6 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Scrope Baroness Scrope Bolton 7 x Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 2 Grandmother: Eleanor Scrope 7 x Great Grand Daughter of

Great x 3 Grandmother: Eleanor Washbourne

GrandFather: John Wyndham 8 x Great Grand Son of

Father: John Wyndham of Orchard 9 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 1 Grandfather: John Wadham

GrandMother: Florence Wadham

Hugh Wyndham Baron of the Exchequer 10 x Great Grand Son of

Great x 1 Grandfather: William Portman

GrandFather: Henry Portman

Mother: Joan Portman