Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans

Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.

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Biography of Nicholas Tufton 1st Earl of Thanet 1578-1631

Paternal Family Tree: Tufton

Maternal Family Tree: Elizabeth Merbury

Before 10th December 1575 [his father] John Tufton 1st Baronet [aged 31] and Olympia Blore were married.

On 10th December 1575 [his father] John Tufton 1st Baronet [aged 31] and [his mother] Christian Browne [aged 21] were married.

On 19th January 1578 Nicholas Tufton 1st Earl of Thanet was born to [his father] John Tufton 1st Baronet [aged 34] and [his mother] Christian Browne [aged 24] at Terling, Essex.

In or after 1589 [his mother] Christian Browne [deceased] died.

In 1601 Nicholas Tufton 1st Earl of Thanet [aged 22] was elected MP Peterborough.

Before 3rd September 1602 Nicholas Tufton 1st Earl of Thanet [aged 24] and Frances Cecil Countess Isle Thanet [aged 21] were married. She the daughter of Thomas Cecil 1st Earl Exeter [aged 60] and Dorothy Neville Countess Exeter [aged 54]. They were fourth cousin once removed.

On 13th April 1603 Nicholas Tufton 1st Earl of Thanet [aged 25] was knighted.

In or before 1607 [his brother-in-law] Edward Hungerford and [his half-sister] Cecily Tufton Countess Rutland were married.

In 1607 [his daughter] Mary Tufton was born to Nicholas Tufton 1st Earl of Thanet [aged 28] and [his wife] Frances Cecil Countess Isle Thanet [aged 25]. She married in or before 1625 her half fifth cousin once removed Edward Bishopp 2nd Baronet, son of Thomas Bishopp 1st Baronet and Jane Weston, and had issue.

Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke

Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.

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After 26th October 1608 [his brother-in-law] Francis Manners 6th Earl of Rutland [aged 30] and [his half-sister] Cecily Tufton Countess Rutland were married. He the son of John Manners 4th Earl of Rutland and Elizabeth Charlton Countess Rutland.

On 15th December 1608 [his son] John Tufton 2nd Earl of Thanet was born to Nicholas Tufton 1st Earl of Thanet [aged 30] and [his wife] Frances Cecil Countess Isle Thanet [aged 27]. He married 21st April 1629 his fifth cousin once removed Margaret Sackville Countess Isle Thanet, daughter of Richard Sackville 3rd Earl Dorset and Anne Clifford Countess Dorset and Pembroke, and had issue.

On 26th June 1612 Roger Manners 5th Earl of Rutland [aged 35] died. He was buried at St Mary the Virgin Church, Bottesford, Leicestershire [Map]. His brother [his brother-in-law] Francis [aged 34] succeeded 6th Earl of Rutland. [his half-sister] Cecily Tufton Countess Rutland by marriage Countess of Rutland.

Before 1614 Edward Denny 1st Earl Norwich [aged 44] and [his sister-in-law] Mary Cecil Countess Norwich were married. She the daughter of [his father-in-law] Thomas Cecil 1st Earl Exeter [aged 71] and [his mother-in-law] Dorothy Neville Countess Exeter. They were half second cousin once removed.

In October 1614 [his sister-in-law] Lucy Cecil Marchioness Winchester died.

On 27th June 1618 William Cecil 16th Baron Ros Helmsley [aged 28] died. His first cousin once removed [his brother-in-law] Francis [aged 40] succeeded 17th Baron Ros Helmsley. [his half-sister] Cecily Tufton Countess Rutland by marriage Baroness Ros Helmsley.

On 26th November 1619 [his son-in-law] Edward Dering 1st Baronet [aged 21] and Elizabeth Tufton were married at St Dionis Backchurch. She the daughter of Nicholas Tufton 1st Earl of Thanet [aged 41] and Frances Cecil Countess Isle Thanet [aged 38].

On 24th January 1622 [his daughter] Elizabeth Tufton died.

Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes

Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.

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In 1623 Nicholas Tufton 1st Earl of Thanet [aged 44] purchased at Bodiam Castle [Map].

On 8th February 1623 [his father-in-law] Thomas Cecil 1st Earl Exeter [aged 80] died. He was buried at Chapel of St John the Baptist, Westminster Abbey [Map]. His son [his brother-in-law] William [aged 57] succeeded 2nd Earl Exeter, 3rd Baron Burghley. Elizabeth Drury Countess Exeter [aged 45] by marriage Countess Exeter.

In 1624 Nicholas Tufton 1st Earl of Thanet [aged 45] was elected MP Kent.

On 2nd April 1624 [his father] John Tufton 1st Baronet [aged 80] died. His son Nicholas [aged 46] succeeded 2nd Baronet Tufton of Hothfield. [his wife] Frances Cecil Countess Isle Thanet [aged 43] by marriage Lady Tufton of Hothfield.

In or before 1625 [his son-in-law] Edward Bishopp 2nd Baronet [aged 22] and Mary Tufton [aged 17] were married. She the daughter of Nicholas Tufton 1st Earl of Thanet [aged 46] and Frances Cecil Countess Isle Thanet [aged 43]. They were half fifth cousin once removed.

On 17th October 1626 Edward Denny 1st Earl Norwich [aged 57] was created 1st Earl Norwich. [his sister-in-law] Mary Cecil Countess Norwich by marriage Countess Norwich.

On 1st November 1626 Nicholas Tufton 1st Earl of Thanet [aged 48] was created 1st Baron Tufton. [his wife] Frances Cecil Countess Isle Thanet [aged 45] by marriage Baroness Tufton.

On 5th August 1628 Nicholas Tufton 1st Earl of Thanet [aged 50] was created 1st Earl of Thanet. [his wife] Frances Cecil Countess Isle Thanet [aged 47] by marriage Countess of Thanet.

The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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On 21st April 1629 John Tufton 2nd Earl of Thanet [aged 20] and Margaret Sackville Countess Isle Thanet [aged 14] were married. She the daughter of Richard Sackville 3rd Earl Dorset and Anne Clifford Countess Dorset and Pembroke [aged 39]. He the son of Nicholas Tufton 1st Earl of Thanet [aged 51] and Frances Cecil Countess Isle Thanet [aged 48]. They were fifth cousin once removed.

On 1st July 1631 Nicholas Tufton 1st Earl of Thanet [aged 53] died at Sapcote, Leicestershire [Map]. His son John [aged 22] succeeded 2nd Earl of Thanet, 2nd Baron Tufton, 3rd Baronet Tufton of Hothfield. Margaret Sackville Countess Isle Thanet [aged 16] by marriage Countess of Thanet.

On 12th June 1653 [his former wife] Frances Cecil Countess Isle Thanet [aged 72] died.

[his daughter] Dorothy Tufton was born to Nicholas Tufton 1st Earl of Thanet and Frances Cecil Countess Isle Thanet.

[his daughter] Elizabeth Tufton was born to Nicholas Tufton 1st Earl of Thanet and Frances Cecil Countess Isle Thanet. She married 26th November 1619 Edward Dering 1st Baronet.

Royal Ancestors of Nicholas Tufton 1st Earl of Thanet 1578-1631

Kings Wessex: Great x 16 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England

Kings Gwynedd: Great x 13 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 19 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth

Kings Powys: Great x 14 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys

Kings Godwinson: Great x 17 Grand Son of King Harold II of England

Kings England: Great x 7 Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Kings Scotland: Great x 15 Grand Son of King Duncan I of Scotland

Kings Franks: Great x 23 Grand Son of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor

Kings France: Great x 17 Grand Son of Hugh I King of the Franks

Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 20 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine

Royal Descendants of Nicholas Tufton 1st Earl of Thanet 1578-1631
Number after indicates the number of unique routes of descent. Descendants of Kings and Queens not included.

Queen Consort Camilla Shand [1]

Diana Spencer Princess Wales [1]

Ancestors of Nicholas Tufton 1st Earl of Thanet 1578-1631

Nicholas Tufton 1st Earl of Thanet 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas Browne

Great x 3 Grandfather: William Browne 6 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Eleanor Fitzalan 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas Browne of Abbots Roding 7 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England

Great x 1 Grandfather: Thomas Browne 8 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England

GrandFather: Humphrey Browne 9 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England

Mother: Christian Browne 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: John Hussey

Great x 2 Grandfather: William Hussey

Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Nesfield

Great x 1 Grandfather: John Hussey 1st Baron Hussey of Sleaford 9 x Great Grand Son of King John of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Lawrence Berkeley 6 x Great Grand Son of King John of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas Berkeley 7 x Great Grand Son of King John of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Joan Woodford

Great x 2 Grandmother: Elizabeth Berkeley 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: William Brooksby

Great x 3 Grandmother: Petronella Brooksby

GrandMother: Anne Hussey 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Grey 4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Edmund Grey 1st Earl Kent 2 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Constance Holland Countess Norfolk and Nottingham Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: George Grey 2nd Earl Kent 3 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland 2 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Katherine Percy 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Eleanor Neville Countess Northumberland Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 1 Grandmother: Anne Grey Baroness Hussey Sleaford 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: William Herbert 1st Earl Pembroke

Great x 4 Grandmother: Gwladys ferch Dafydd Gam "Star of Abergavenny" Brecon

Great x 2 Grandmother: Katherine Herbert Countess Kent 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Walter Devereux 7 x Great Grand Son of King John of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne Devereux 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Merbury