William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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Earl Hereford is in Earldoms of England Alphabetically.
There have been six creations of Earl Hereford:
1st. 1043. Sweyn Godwinson 1st Earl Hereford. Extinct. 29th September 1052.
2nd. 1052. Ralph "The Timid" 1st Earl of Hereford. Extinct. 21st December 1057.
3rd. 1058. King Harold II of England. Extinct. 14th October 1066. 14th October 1066 Battle of Hastings.
4th. 1067. William Fitzosbern 1st Earl Hereford. Forfeit. 1075. Revolt of the Earls.
5th. 1141. Miles Gloucester 1st Earl Hereford. Extinct. November 1155.
6th. 1199. Henry Bohun 1st Earl Hereford. Extinct. 16th January 1373.
Earl Hereford is also in Earldoms of England Chronologically, Extinct Earldoms of England.
Summary
1043. Sweyn Godwinson 1st Earl Hereford [aged 22] created.
29th September 1052. Sweyn Godwinson 1st Earl Hereford extinct.
In 1043 Sweyn Godwinson 1st Earl Hereford [aged 22] was created 1st Earl Hereford.
On 29th September 1052 Sweyn Godwinson 1st Earl Hereford [aged 31] died at Constantinople aka Istanbul, Turkey on his return from the Holy Land. Earl Hereford extinct.
Before 1071 William Fitzosbern 1st Earl Hereford [aged 50] and Adelise Tosny Countess Hereford were married. She by marriage Countess Hereford. She the daughter of Roger "The Spaniard" Tosny and Adelaide aka Godehildis Ramon.
Earl Hereford is also in Earldoms of England Chronologically, Extinct Earldoms of England.
Summary
1052. Ralph "The Timid" 1st Earl of Hereford created.
21st December 1057. Ralph "The Timid" 1st Earl of Hereford extinct.
In 1052 Ralph "The Timid" 1st Earl of Hereford was created 1st Earl Hereford.
On 21st December 1057 Ralph "The Timid" 1st Earl of Hereford died. Earl Hereford extinct.
Earl Hereford is also in Earldoms of England Chronologically, Extinct Earldoms of England.
Summary
1058. King Harold II of England [aged 36] created.
14th October 1066. King Harold II of England extinct. See 14th October 1066 Battle of Hastings.
In 1058 King Harold II of England [aged 36] was created 1st Earl Hereford.
On 14th October 1066 the Norman army led by King William "Conqueror" I of England [aged 38] defeated the English army of King Harold II of England [aged 44] at the 14th October 1066 Battle of Hastings fought at Senlac Hill Hastings. Aimery Thouars [aged 42], Ralph de Gael 2nd Earl East Anglia [aged 24], Eustace II Count Boulogne [aged 51], William Fitzosbern 1st Earl Hereford [aged 46], Geoffrey Chateaudun II Count Mortain III Count Perche, William Warenne 1st Earl of Surrey, Raoul Tosny, Robert Beaumont 1st Earl of Leicester Count Meulan [aged 26], Hugh Grandesmil [aged 34], Roger "The Great" Montgomery 1st Earl of Shrewsbury (possibly), Robert Mortain Count Mortain 1st Earl Cornwall [aged 35] and Bishop Odo of Bayeux fought for William.
King Harold II of England was killed. Earl Wessex, Earl Hereford extinct.
Leofwine Godwinson 2nd Earl Kent [aged 31] was killed. Earl Kent extinct.
His brothers Gyrth Godwinson Earl East Anglia [aged 34] and Engenulphe Aigle [aged 56] were killed.
Earl Hereford is also in Earldoms of England Chronologically, Forfeit Earldoms of England.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
Summary
1067. William Fitzosbern 1st Earl Hereford [aged 47] created.
20th February 1071. Son Roger de Breteuil Fitzosbern 2nd Earl Hereford succeeded. See Battle of Cassel.
1075. Roger de Breteuil Fitzosbern 2nd Earl Hereford forfeit. See Revolt of the Earls.
In 1067 William Fitzosbern 1st Earl Hereford [aged 47] was created 1st Earl Hereford.
On 20th February 1071 Battle of Cassel was fought between uncle Robert "The Frisian" I Count Flanders [aged 38] and nephew Arnulf III Count Flanders [aged 16], supported by his mother Richilde Countess Flanders and Hainault and Philip I King of the Franks [aged 18], over the succession of Flanders.
Arnulf III Count Flanders was killed. His brother Baldwin [aged 15] succeeded II Count Hainault. Robert "The Frisian" I Count Flanders was appointed I Count Flanders.
William Fitzosbern 1st Earl Hereford [aged 51] was killed. His son Roger succeeded 2nd Earl Hereford.
Eustace II Count Boulogne [aged 56] and his son Eustace Flanders III Count Boulogne fought for Robert. During the battle Robert "The Frisian" I Count Flanders and Richilde Countess Flanders and Hainault were captured, and subsequently exchanged for each other.
In 1075 three Earls joined in rebellion against King William "Conqueror" I of England [aged 47]. The three Earls were: Roger de Breteuil Fitzosbern 2nd Earl Hereford, Ralph de Gael 2nd Earl East Anglia [aged 33] and Waltheof Northumbria 1st Earl of Northampton 1st Earl Huntingdon. The ostensible cause of their rebellion was William's the marriage of Emma Fitzosbern Countess East Anglia, daughter of William Fitzosbern 1st Earl Hereford, with Ralph de Gael 2nd Earl East Anglia. Possibly to do with she being Norman and he being British/English.
Roger de Breteuil Fitzosbern 2nd Earl Hereford forfeit Earl Hereford and was sentenced to life imprisonment.
Earl Hereford is also in Earldoms of England Chronologically, Extinct Earldoms of England.
Summary
1141. Miles Gloucester 1st Earl Hereford created.
24th December 1143. Son Roger Fitzmiles 2nd Earl Hereford [aged 18] succeeded.
November 1155. Roger Fitzmiles 2nd Earl Hereford extinct.
In 1141 Miles Gloucester 1st Earl Hereford was created 1st Earl Hereford. Sibyl Neufmarché Countess Hereford [aged 41] by marriage Countess Hereford.
On 24th December 1143 Miles Gloucester 1st Earl Hereford was accidentally shot and killed whilst hunting in the Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire. He was buried in the Chapter House, Llanthony Secunda Priory, Gloucestershire. His son Roger [aged 18] succeeded 2nd Earl Hereford, Baron Abergavenny Feudal Creation. Cecilia Fitzjohn Countess Hereford [aged 23] by marriage Countess Hereford.
Around November 1155 Roger Fitzmiles 2nd Earl Hereford [aged 30] died. He was buried in Llanthony Secunda Priory, Gloucestershire [Map]. Earl Hereford extinct. His brother Walter succeeded Baron Abergavenny Feudal Creation and High Sheriff of Gloucester.
Earl Hereford is also in Earldoms of England Chronologically, Extinct Earldoms of England.
Summary
1199. Henry Bohun 1st Earl Hereford [aged 23] created.
1st June 1220. Son Humphrey Bohun 2nd Earl Hereford 1st Earl Essex [aged 16] succeeded.
24th September 1275. Grandson Humphrey Bohun 3rd Earl Hereford 2nd Earl Essex [aged 26] succeeded.
31st December 1298. Son Humphrey Bohun 4th Earl Hereford 3rd Earl Essex [aged 22] succeeded.
16th March 1322. Son John Bohun 5th Earl Hereford 4th Earl Essex [aged 15] succeeded. See Battle of Boroughbridge.
20th January 1336. Brother Humphrey Bohun 6th Earl Hereford 5th Earl Essex [aged 27] succeeded.
15th October 1361. Nephew Humphrey Bohun 7th Earl Hereford 6th Earl Essex 2nd Earl of Northampton [aged 20] succeeded.
16th January 1373. Humphrey Bohun 7th Earl Hereford 6th Earl Essex 2nd Earl of Northampton extinct.
In 1199 Henry Bohun 1st Earl Hereford [aged 23] was created 1st Earl Hereford.
Before 1204 Henry Bohun 1st Earl Hereford [aged 27] and Maud Mandeville Countess Hereford [aged 26] were married. She by marriage Countess Hereford. She the daughter of Geoffrey Fitzpeter 1st Earl Essex [aged 41] and Beatrice Saye. He the son of Humphrey Bohun and Margaret Dunkeld Duchess Brittany.
On 1st June 1220 Henry Bohun 1st Earl Hereford [aged 44] died in the Middle East. His son Humphrey [aged 16] succeeded 2nd Earl Hereford.
Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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Around 1236 Humphrey Bohun 2nd Earl Hereford 1st Earl Essex [aged 32] and Matilda Lusignan Countess Hereford and Essex [aged 26] were married. She by marriage Countess Hereford. He the son of Henry Bohun 1st Earl Hereford and Maud Mandeville Countess Hereford [aged 59].
After 14th April 1241 Humphrey Bohun 2nd Earl Hereford 1st Earl Essex [aged 37] and Maud Avenbury Countess Essex and Hereford were married. She by marriage Countess Essex, Countess Hereford. He the son of Henry Bohun 1st Earl Hereford and Maud Mandeville Countess Hereford.
In 1275 Humphrey Bohun 3rd Earl Hereford 2nd Earl Essex [aged 26] and Maud Fiennes Countess Essex and Hereford [aged 21] were married. She by marriage Countess Essex, Countess Hereford. They were half third cousin three times removed.
On 24th September 1275 Humphrey Bohun 2nd Earl Hereford 1st Earl Essex [aged 71] died at Kenilworth Castle [Map]. He was buried at Llanthony Secunda Priory, Gloucestershire [Map]. His grandson Humphrey [aged 26] succeeded 3rd Earl Hereford, 2nd Earl Essex.
On 31st December 1298 Humphrey Bohun 3rd Earl Hereford 2nd Earl Essex [aged 49] died. He was buried at Waldon Priory and Abbey [Map]. His son Humphrey [aged 22] succeeded 4th Earl Hereford, 3rd Earl Essex.
On 14th November 1302 Humphrey Bohun 4th Earl Hereford 3rd Earl Essex [aged 26] and Princess Elizabeth of Rhuddlan Countess Essex, Hereford and Holland [aged 20] were married. She by marriage Countess Essex, Countess Hereford. Westminster Abbey [Map]. She the daughter of King Edward I of England [aged 63] and Eleanor of Castile Queen Consort England. He the son of Humphrey Bohun 3rd Earl Hereford 2nd Earl Essex and Maud Fiennes Countess Essex and Hereford. They were third cousins.
On 16th March 1322 the rebel army led by Thomas Plantagenet 2nd Earl of Leicester, 2nd Earl Lancaster, Earl of Salisbury and Lincoln [aged 44] attempted to cross the bridge over the River Ure (between Ripon and York) at Boroughbridge Bridge [Map]. Their path was blocked by forces loyal to the King led by Andrew Harclay 1st Earl Carlisle [aged 52]. Bartholomew Badlesmere 1st Baron Badlesmere [aged 46], Roger Mortimer 1st Earl March [aged 34], John Botetort 1st Baron Botetort [aged 57] and John Maltravers 1st Baron Maltravers [aged 32] fought for the rebels. Roger Clifford 2nd Baron Clifford [aged 22], Nicholas Longford [aged 37], Thomas Plantagenet 2nd Earl of Leicester, 2nd Earl Lancaster, Earl of Salisbury and Lincoln, John Mowbray 2nd Baron Mowbray [aged 35] were captured.
Warin Lisle [aged 51] was hanged after the battle at Pontefract [Map].
Following the battle Hugh Audley 1st Earl Gloucester [aged 31] and his wife Margaret Clare Countess Gloucester were both imprisoned. He in Nottingham Castle [Map] and she in Sempringham Priory [Map].
John Clinton 2nd Baron Clinton [aged 22], Ralph Greystoke 1st Baron Greystoke [aged 22], William Latimer 2nd Baron Latimer of Corby [aged 46], Robert Lisle 1st Baron Lisle [aged 34], Domhnall Mar II Earl of Mar [aged 29] and Peter Saltmarsh [aged 42] fought for the King.
Adam Everingham 1st Baron Everingham of Laxton [aged 43] was captured.
Humphrey Bohun 4th Earl Hereford 3rd Earl Essex [aged 46] was killed. His son John [aged 15] succeeded 5th Earl Hereford, 4th Earl Essex.
Piers Grandison 2nd Baron Grandison [aged 31] fough for the rebels, and was captured.
Hugh Audley 1st Baron Audley of Stratton Audley [aged 55] surrendered before the battle and was imprisoned in Wallingford Castle [Map] for the rest of his life
John Giffard 2nd Baron Giffard Brimpsfield [aged 34] was captured.
Roger Mortimer 1st Earl March was imprisoned at Tower of London [Map].
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In 1325 John Bohun 5th Earl Hereford 4th Earl Essex [aged 18] and Alice Fitzalan Countess Essex and Hereford were married. She by marriage Countess Essex, Countess Hereford. She the daughter of Edmund Fitzalan 2nd or 9th Earl of Arundel [aged 39] and Alice Warenne Countess Arundel. He the son of Humphrey Bohun 4th Earl Hereford 3rd Earl Essex and Princess Elizabeth of Rhuddlan Countess Essex, Hereford and Holland. They were half third cousins. He a grandson of King Edward I of England. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King John of England.
After 1325 John Bohun 5th Earl Hereford 4th Earl Essex [aged 18] and Margaret Basset Countess Essex and Hereford were married. She by marriage Countess Essex, Countess Hereford. He the son of Humphrey Bohun 4th Earl Hereford 3rd Earl Essex and Princess Elizabeth of Rhuddlan Countess Essex, Hereford and Holland.
On 20th January 1336 John Bohun 5th Earl Hereford 4th Earl Essex [aged 29] died. His brother Humphrey [aged 27] succeeded 6th Earl Hereford, 5th Earl Essex.
On 15th October 1361 Humphrey Bohun 6th Earl Hereford 5th Earl Essex [aged 52] died. His nephew Humphrey [aged 20] succeeded 7th Earl Hereford, 6th Earl Essex. Joan Fitzalan Countess Essex, Hereford and Northampton [aged 14] by marriage Countess Essex, Countess Hereford.
On 16th January 1373 Humphrey Bohun 7th Earl Hereford 6th Earl Essex 2nd Earl of Northampton [aged 31] died. He was buried at Waldon Priory and Abbey [Map]. Earl Hereford, Earl Essex, Earl of Northampton extinct. His estates were divided between his two daughters Eleanor Bohun Duchess Gloucester [aged 7], wife of Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester [aged 18] and Mary Bohun [aged 5], wife of Henry of Bolingbroke [aged 5], the future Henry IV, although the title and estates should have been inherited Gilbert Bohun who was a grandson of Humphrey Bohun 2nd Earl Hereford 1st Earl Essex.