The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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Sophie Germain is in Mathematicians.
On 1st April 1776 Sophie Germain was born to [her father] Ambroise-Francois Germain.
1804. Carl Friedrich Gauss Letter to Heinrich Olbers: "Recently I had the pleasure to receive a letter from Le Blanc [Sophie Germain [aged 27]], a young mathematician in Paris, who made himself enthusiastically familiar with higher mathematics and showed how deeply he penetrated into my Disquisitiones Arithmeticae."
1807. Carl Friedrich Gauss Letter to Sophie Germain [aged 30]: "But how can I describe my astonishment and admiration on seeing my esteemed correspondent Monsieur Le Blanc metamorphosed … But when a woman, because of her sex, our customs and prejudices, encounters infinitely more obstacles than men, in familiarizing herself with their knotty problems, yet overcomes these fetters and penetrates that which is most hidden, she doubtless has the most noble courage, extraordinary talent, and superior genius."
On 8th January 1816 Sophie Germain [aged 39] became the first woman to win a prize from the Paris Academy of Sciences for her paper "Recherches sur la théorie des surfaces élastiques" i.e. "Research into the theory of Elastic Surfaces". She later published her paper in 1821 at her own expense.
On 27th June 1831 Sophie Germain [aged 55] died from breast cancer at 13 rue de Savoie, Paris. She was buried at Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.