On this Day in History ... 1st January

25 Mar is the Feast of the Annunciation aka Lady Day. Under the Julian Calendar the year started on 25 March. In 1750 the start of the year was changed to the Gregorian Calendar which used 01 Jan as the start of the year. At that time the calendar was adjusted to fix the error in the Julian Calendar. Eleven days were lost. The tax year, and rents, and other legal instruments that relied on the calendar were not adjusted hence our tax year now starting on 06 Apr.

Events on the 1st January

Odo I King West Francia succeeded by Charles "Simple"

On 01 Jan 898 Odo I King West Franks (age 41) died. Charles "Simple" III King West Francia (age 18) succeeded III King West Francia.

Ramiro II King Leon succeeded by Ordoño "Blind"

On 01 Jan 951 Ramiro II King Leon (age 51) died. His son King Ordoño III of Leon (age 25) succeeded III King Leon.

Coronation of King Stephen

                    In Dec 1135 King Stephen I England (age 41) was crowned King of England by Archibishop of Canterbury William de Corbeil (age 65).
                
                    The date of his coronation described differently by many Chroniclers:
                
                    Florence of Worcester: "on the thirteenth of the calends of January" i.e. 20 Dec 1135.
                
                    Orderic Vitalis: "on the eighteenth of the calends of January" i.e. 15 Dec 1135; the editor provided a note suggesting this date is incorrect and the correct date is the 26 Dec 1135.
                
                    The Annals of Winchester: "on the 22nd day after the death of his uncle, on the 1st of January." We should note that if King Henry died on the 1st  December this date would refer to the 22nd or 23rd of December.
                
                    Roger of Wendover's Flowers of History: "on the day of the proto-martyr St. Stephen" i.e. 26 Dec 1135.
                
                    Chronicle of Richard Baker: "and so upon St. Stephen's day, in Anno 1135"  i.e. 26 Dec 1135.
                
                    Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: "on midwinter day" i.e. probably 20th or 21st of December but possibly the 25th.
                
                    Matthew Paris Chronica Majora: "on the Feast of Saint Stephen" i.e. 26 Dec 1135.

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Annals of Winchester. 01 Jan 1136. His [King Henry I’s] nephew Stephen (age 42) came to England, and after breaking the treaty he had made with a solemn oath, a treaty made with the consent of his daughter, Queen Matilda, and witnessed by his brother Henry, Bishop of Winchester, Roger of Salisbury, William, Archbishop of Canterbury, and the people of London, he was crowned in London almost clandestinely on the 22nd day after the death of his uncle, on the 1st of January.¹

Stephanus autem nepos ejus venit Angliam, et rupto fœdere quod cum sacramento fide interposita filiæ Leonis justitiæ fecerat, consentientibus sibi tantum Henrico Wintoniensi episcopo fratre suo, et Rogero Saresbiriensi, et Willelmo archiepiscopo Cantuariensi, et Londoniensibus, apud Londoniam quasi furtive coronatus est kal. Januarii, die vicesima secunda post decessum avunculi.

Note. His uncler King Henry I died on the 1st of December so the twenty-second day after would be the 22nd or 23rd of December?

Charles "Bad" II King Navarre succeeded by Charles III King Navarre

On 01 Jan 1387 Charles "Bad" II King Navarre (age 54) died. His son Charles III King Navarre (age 26) succeeded III King Navarre. Eleanor of Castile Queen Consort Navarre (age 24) by marriage Queen Consort Navarre.

Birth and Death of Prince Henry

Wriothesley's Chronicle 1510-1519. 01 Jan 1511. This yeare, Prince Henrie, the Kings (age 19) first sonne, was borne at Richmonde [Map] on Newe Yeares daye^b, and on St. Mathie's day [Note. 23 Feb] after the saide Prince died, and was buried at Westminster [Map].

Note b. On the 1st January, 1510 [Note. 1511 if years are adjusted to begin on 01 Jan.]

Note c. Or rather St. Mathias' eve, February 23. Hall, howerer, says that this Prince died on "the 22 Feb. being the Even of Saint Mathy," which would seem to show that St. Mathias' day was sometimes kept on the 23rd, instead of the 24th February, in which case our text is correct.

On 01 Jan 1511 Prince Henry Duke of Cornwall was born to Henry VIII (age 19) and Catherine of Aragon (age 25) at Richmond Palace [Map]. He was appointed Duke of Cornwall at birth.

On 22 Feb 1511 Prince Henry Duke of Cornwall died. He was buried at Westminster Abbey [Map].

1513 New Years Day Gift Giving

                    Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic Henry VIII 1513. 01 Jan 1513. The following pieces of plate received from William Holland of London, goldsmith, 1 Jan. 4 Henry VIII.
                
                    [Given in three columns (1) name of a person (to whom the article has been presented); (2), description of the article; and (3), its weight.]
                
                    Bishop of Canterbury (age 63), a cup with a gilt cover, 34 oz.
                
                    Lady Hastings (age 30), the same, 30¾ oz.
                
                    Sir H. Marney (age 66), the same, 23 oz.
                
                    Mr. Lupton (age 57), the same, 23 oz.
                
                    Sir E. Ponyngs (age 54), the same, 22¼ oz.
                
                    The Abbot of Abingdon, the same, 23¾ oz.
                
                    Sir Edward Haward, the same, 24 oz.
                
                    The old Lady Guylford (age 50), a little pot gilt, 17 7/8 oz.
                
                    Lady Lucy, the same, 16 7/8 oz. [Possibly Catherine Hastings (age 35) who married John Melton of Aston Yorkshire 10th Baron Lucy (age 37) before 1506]
                
                    Lady Mountjoy, the same, 16 7/8 oz.
                
                    Lady Bulleyn (age 33), the same, 16½ oz.
                
                    Lord Audeley (age 30), a salt with a gilt cover, 15¾ oz.
                
                    The Queen's grace (age 27), a pair of great pots gilt, 575 oz.
                
                    Mrs. Catesby, a proper bottle for rose water, 4 oz.
                
                    Mrs. Briget, the same, 3 7/8 oz.
                
                    Mrs. Lacy, the same, 4 oz. Which, at 5s. the oz., is £212 11s 10½d.
                
                    James Worsley, a proper pot, parcel gilt, 10 oz. Copynger, 8 spoons, part gilt, 9¾ oz., Amadas. Which is, at 4s. the oz., 76s. 6d.
                
                    In part payment, old plate to the value of £194 16s. 8d. has been delivered to him. The remainder paid by J. Heron (age 43).
                
                     On the dorse [reverse]:-Holland beseeches the King to reward him for the workmanship of the Queen's great pots, "for he cannot live to make such curious work at the price within written"; and £6 13s. 4d. is added in another hand, making a total due of £28 5s. Signed by the King.

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Louis XII King France succeeded by Francis I

Wriothesley's Chronicle 1510-1519. 01 Jan 1515. The French King (age 52) died,^h and a new peace concluded with the Kinge (age 23) and Francis (age 20),^a that tyme new made King of France. And the Ladie Marye (age 18), French Queene, was grawnted her dowrie to be brought into England, and was suffred to have all her goodes and riches. The Duke of Suffolke (age 31), with Sir Richard Wingfeilde (age 46) and Dr. West, and other, sent into France as ambassadors.^b A conclusion was made that the saide Duke was weddid to the saide Lady Marie in France and thereupon cam over into Englande, and with them brought oyer all thinges after their mynde.^d

Note h. Louis XII died 1st January, 1515.

Note a. The Duke of Valois, who succeeded under the title of Francis I, renewed the alliance with Henry.

Note b. Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, Sir Richard Wingfield, and Dr. West, "with a goodly bande of yeomen, all in black" (says Hall), had been sent in embassy to Paris to negociate a settlement of the ex-queen's dower.

Note c. It had been arranged that the Duke should conduct the ex-queen back to England, and there have married her, but (says Stow) "for doubt of change he married her secretly at Paris, as was said;" it is now ascertained that such was the fact, and that the Duke was reproved for it by Wolsey (age 41), a draught of whose letter is still extant; as is also a letter of Mary to her brother, Heniy Ym., taking the blame on herself.

Note d. The French Chroniclers assert that Mary brought over with her into England jewels, plate, and tapestry belonging to Louis XII. to the value of 200,000 crowns, besides a great diamond called "le miroir de Naples."

On 01 Jan 1515 Louis XII King France (age 52) died. His first cousin once removed King Francis I of France (age 20) succeeded I King France: Capet Valois Angoulême.

Letters and Papers 1533. 01 Jan 1533. R. O. 6. Anne Boleyn (age 32).

Warrant under the King's sign manual to Cromwell, master of the Jewels, to deliver to the lady of Pembroke these parcels of gilt plate, late of Sir Henry Guldeford, controller of the Household:—2 gilt pots with round knobs behind the lids, which came to Sir Henry as executor to Sir William Compton, weighing 133 oz.; a pair of gilt flagons with the arms of France, 147 oz.; 6 gilt bowls without a cover, 200½oz.; 3 gilt salts with a cover of Parres touch," which belonged to Sir Will. Compton, 77 oz.; 12 gilt spoons with demi-knops at the end, 18 oz.; a pair of parcel-gilt pots, 99½ oz.; another, 97¾ oz.; another, 71 oz.; 6 parcel-gilt bowls without cover, 199¼ oz.; the cover of the same, 19¾ oz.; a basin and ewer, parcel-gilt, 77 oz.; another basin and ewer, parcel-gilt, 64 oz.; 11 white spoons with roses at the ends, 20¼ oz.; 4 candles, white, with high sockets, 86½ oz.; "a round bason of silver for a chamber, and a silver pot to the same, weighing together 138½ oz."; and a chafing dish, parcel-gilt, 39¾ oz. "And that ye make entry of the foresaid parcels of plate into our book of Extra for the rather noticing the same hereafter." Greenwich, 1 Jan. 24 Hen. VIII.

On 01 Jan 1534 Henry Longford was murdered during the attack by Thomas Foljambe and his followers during a service in Chesterfield church on New Year's Day 1434, killing two of his companions - Henry Longford and William Bradshaw - and mutilating Pierrepont by cutting off the fingers of his right-hand.

Letters and Papers 1535. 01 Jan 1535. 1. The Princess (age 18) has been informed that, by virtue of the statute lately passed, which has been made more severe against those who refuse to swear and acknowledge the second marriage, after these holydays she must renounce her title and take the oath, and that on pain of her life she must not call herself Princess or her mother Queen, but that if ever she does she will be sent to the Tower. She will never change her purpose, nor the Queen either. The Council here, owing to what has been discovered in France touching the Zwinglian heresy, have prohibited a book printed here a year ago in English, which is full of the said heresy. I am told also that of late the Chancellor has caused 15 books of the New Testament in English to be burned. Booksellers have been forbidden to sell or keep a prognostication lately made in Flanders, which threatens the King with war and misfortune this year; and some of the leading men of the Council have said that, matters being as they are, nothing is wanted to set the realm topsy turvy but to translate and publish the said prognostication in English. The Governor and Burgomaster of Belguez (Berghes) have come with a good company to treat, as it is said, in anticipation of the "festes" which are held at Belguez. I am told the King and Council care little about their coming, giving the people to understand that they have come for fear the English take other measures, and that they would not obey the Emperor if he forbade intercourse. I am told a kinsman of Kildare made overtures to deliver him to the King's men; and Kildare, being informed of it, gave such a banquet to those who watched him as they intended to give him,—took 500 or 600 of them along with his said kinsman, and sent them to execution. I am inclined to think this true, because of late Cromwell has several times said that before many days the said Kildare would be brought hither prisoner. London, 1 Jan. 1535.

Fr., from a modern copy, pp. 5.

Letters and Papers 1535. 01 Jan 1535. 1. I doubt not he will be very glad to hear that the Earl of Northumberland (age 33) is not too well pleased either with the King or with his ministers, as the said Earl's physician informed me two days ago, declaring that his master had said the whole realm was so indignant at the oppressions and enormities now practised, that if the Emperor would make the smallest effort, the King would be ruined. The King's only hope was in the Turk, of whose strength those here shamefully boast. The Earl then began to enlarge on the arrogance and malice of the King's lady (age 34), saying that lately she had spoken such shameful words to the Duke of Norfolk (age 62) as one would not address to a dog, so that he was compelled to quit the chamber. In his indignation he declared himself to one to whom he did not generally show good-will, and uttered reproaches against the said Lady, of which the least was to call her "grande putain¹".

Note 1. great whore.

On 01 Jan 1537 King James V of Scotland (age 24) and Madeleine Valois (age 16) were married at Notre Dame de Paris Cathedral [Map]. She the daughter of King Francis I of France (age 42) and Claude Valois Orléans Queen Consort France. He the son of King James IV of Scotland and Margaret Tudor Queen Scotland (age 47). They were third cousin once removed. He a grandson of King Henry VII of England and Ireland.

Hall's Chronicle 1538. 01 Jan 1538. This yere James King of Scottes (age 25), married the Lady Magdalene the Frenche King’s (age 43) eldest daughter.

Christian III King Denmark Dies Frederick II Succeeds

On 01 Jan 1559 Christian III King Denmark (age 55) died. His son Frederick II King Denmark (age 24) succeeded II King Denmark.

On 01 Jan 1559 Queen Mary I of England and Ireland ordered her officers to collect arms and armour from Cawarden's house to counter Wyatt's rebellion.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 01 Jan 1560. The furst day of January the prynche of Swaythen (age 26) rod to the cowrt gorgyusle and rychele, and in gard in velvet jerkyns and holbardes in ther handes, and mony gentyll-men gorgyosly with chenes of gold.

1562 News Years Day Gift Giving

                    On 01 Jan 1562 the New Years Gift Giving was held. Those who gave gifts provide an interesting who's who of the Elizabethan Court soon after Elizabeth I's Coronation. Queen Elizabeth (age 28) was present since a number are described as "With the Qene her Majestie."
                
                    For 'dimy' read 'demi' ie half-sovereigns.
                
                    Neweeyeur's Gyftes gevon to the Quene her Majestie by those Parsons whose Names hereafter ensue, the first of January, the Yere above wrytten.
                
                    By the Lady Margaret Strainge (age 22), a little round mounte of golde to conteyne a pomaunder in it. With the Qene her Majestie. Note. Lady Margaret Strange married Henry Stanley Lord Strange (age 30) on 07 Feb 1555. In 1561 he had not succeeded to Earldom of Derby and was known by the courtesy title Lord Strange. She is listed first since she was one of the few remaining direct descendants of Henry VII, being a great-granddaughter by his daughter Mary Tudor. Margaret Clifford was first in line to succeed in 1568 but died in 1596 before Elizabeth I.
                
                    Dukes, Marquises and Earls.
                
                    By the Duke of Norfolke (age 25), in a purse of purple silke and golde knit, in sundry coynes of golde £20 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Marquis of Winchester (age 79), High Threasourer of Englande, in a purse of crymsen satten, in angells £20 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Marquis of Northampton (age 50), in a purse of crymsen silke and gold knit, in dimy soveraignes £20 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Earle of Arundell (age 49), Lord Steward, in a paper, in angels, £30 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Earle of Shrewesburye (age 34), in a red silke purse, in dimy soveraignes £20 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Earle of Darbye (age 52), in a purse of crymsen satten, embraudered with golde, in dimy soveraignes £20 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Earle of Pembroke (age 61), in a purse of black silk and silver knit, in new angells £30 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Earle of Bedforde (age 35), in a purse of black silk and golde knytt, in dimy soveraignes £20 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Earle of Rutlande (age 35), in a purse of red silk and golde knytt, in dimy soveraigns and angells £20 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Earle of Huntingdon, in a red silk purse, in angells £15 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Earle of Westmerlande (age 37), in a red silk purse, in dimy soveraigns £10 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Earle of Oxforde (age 46), in a red silk purse, in dimy soveraigns £10 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Earle of Northumberlande (age 34), in a purse of black silke and silver knytt, in angells £10 0s 0d. With the Quene her Highness.
                
                    By the Earle of Warwike (age 32), a smocke wrought with black silk, a peire of slevis, and a partelett wrought with gold, silver, and black silke. Delivered to the Baroness Cobham (age 23).
                
                    By the Viscounte Mountague (age 33), in a purse of cloth of golde, in dimy soveraignes £10 0s 0d. With her said Majestie.
                
                    Bishops. The list of Bishops ends with "With her said Majestie"; unclear whether this refers to all the Bishops listed.
                
                    By the Archbusshop of Caunterbury (age 57), in a red silk purse, in dimy soveraigns £40 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Archbusshop of York (age 61), in soveraigns £30 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Busshop of Duresme (age 42), in a purse of crymson silk and gold knytt, in angells £30 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Busshop of Ely (age 69), in a red vellat purse, in angells £30 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Busshop of Wynchester (age 52), in a purse of crymsen silk and gold knytt and set with pearles, in angells £20 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Busshop of London (age 43), in a red satten purse, in dimy soveraignes £20 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Busshop of Salisbury (age 39), in a red satten purse, in dimy soveraignes £20 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Busshop of Worcester (age 43), in a black vellat purse, in dimy soveraignes £20 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Busshop of Lyncoln (age 42), in a red purse, in dimy soveraignes £20 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Busshop of Chychester (age 64), in a red purse, in dimy soveraignes £10 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Busshop of Norwich (age 50), in a blew silk purse £13 6s 8d.
                
                    By the Busshop of Hereforde (age 52), in a green silk purse, in dimy soveraignes £10 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Busshop of Lychfield and Coventry (age 48), in a red satten purse, in angells £13 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Busshop of Rochester (age 48), in a red purse, in gold £13 6s 8d.
                
                    By the Busshop of Saint Davies (age 55), in a red silk purse, in angells £10 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Busshop of Bathe, in a purse of red silk, in angells £10 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Busshop of Exetour, in a blew silk purse, in angells £10 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Busshop of Peterborowe, in a red purse, in dimy soveraignes £10 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Busshop of Chester, in a red purse, in angells and soveraignes £10 0s 0d.
                
                    Duchesses and Countesses.
                
                    By the Duchess of Norfolke (age 22), in a prse of crymsen silk and gold knyt, in angells £20 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Duchess of Somerset (age 65), in a purse of silver and black silk, in royalls and ducketts £14 0s 0d. Probably the Dowager Duchess of Somerset since her husband Edward Seymour 1st Duke of Somerset had been executed in 1552, and their children disinherited as a result.
                
                    By the Countess of Surrey, in a purse of tawny silk and gold, in dimy soveraignes £5 0s 0d. Dowager since her husband Henry Howard 1516-1547, by courtesy Earl Surrey, had been executed in 1547.
                
                    By the Countess of Pembroke (age 38), in a cherry bag of crymsen satten, in new angells £15 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Countess of Bedford (age 36), in a purse of crymsen silk and silver knytt, in dimy soveraignes £10 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Countess of Darby (age 51), in a purse of crymson sattin embrodred with gold, in dimy soveraignes £10 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Countess of Oxford (age 36), in a red purse, in dimy soveraignes £5 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Countess of Shrewisbury, Dowager (age 62), in a purse of black silk knytt, in dimy soveraignes £12 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Countess of Shrewisbury (age 37), in a red silk purse knytt, in dimy soveraignes £10 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Countess of Huntingdon, Dowager (age 51), in a red purse, in dimy soveraignes £10 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Countess of Huntingdon (age 24), in a red purse, in angells £10 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Countess of Northumberland (age 24), in a purse of black silk and silver knytt, in angells £10 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Countess of Rutland (age 29), in a red purse, in dimy soveraignes £13 6s 8d.
                
                    Viscountesses.
                
                    By the Vicountess Hereford, Dowager (age 42), six hankercheffes edged with gold delivered to the said Baroness Cobham.
                
                    By the Vicountess Mountague (age 24), in a purse of cloth of gold, in dimy soveraignes £10 0s 0d.
                
                    Lordes.
                
                    By the Lorde Keeper of the Great Seale, Bacon (age 51), in a purse of silver knytt, in angells £13 6s 8d.
                
                    By the Lorde William Howard, Lord Chamberlen (age 52), in a purse of crymsen silk and gold knytt, in dimy soveraignes £10 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Lorde Pagett (age 56), in a greene purse in dimy soveraignes £13 6s 8d.
                
                    By the Lorde Clynton, Lord Admyrall (age 50), in gold £10 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Lorde Riche (age 65), in a red satten purse, in dimy soveraignes £20 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Lorde North (age 66), in a purse of purple silk and silver, in dimy soveraignes £20 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Lorde Lumley (age 29), in a paper, in angells £20 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Lorde Hastings of Loughboro (age 41), in a red silk purse, in French crowns £13 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Lorde Stafford (age 60), in a red purse, in dimy soveraignes £5 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Lorde Windsor (age 30), in a purse of crymsn silk and gold knytt, in dimy soveraignes £10 0s 0d. With her said Majestie.
                
                    by Lorde John Graye (age 38), a haunce pott of allabaster garnished with silver gilt. Delivered in charge to John Asteley, Esq Master and Threasourer of her Highnes Jewels and Plate. Lord John Grey assumed to be a courtesy title his father being Thomas Grey 2nd Marquess Dorset.
                
                    By the Lorde Barkeley (age 27), in a red purse, in gold £10 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Lorde Mountejoye (age 29), in a red purse, in dimy soveraignes £10 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Lorde Abergavennye (age 36), in a purse of red silke, in dimy soveraignes £5 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Lorde Scrowpe (age 28), in a purse of blak silk and silver knytt, in angells £10 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Lorde Caree of Hundesdon (age 35), in a purse of crymsen silk, in double ducketts £13 6s 8d.
                
                    By the Lorde Strainge, in a purse of red silk and gold, in dimy soveraignes £5 0s 0d. Lord Strange being the courtesy title for the Earldom of Derby. He wouldn't inherit until 1572.
                
                    By the Lorde Darcey of Chichey (age 30), in a red purse, in dimy soveraignes, £10 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Lorde Shefild (age 24), in a red silk purse, in gold £10 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Lorde Shandowes (age 40), in a blak silk purse, in angells £10 0s 0d. With her said Majestie.
                
                    Ladyes.
                
                    By the Baroness Howarde (age 47), in a purse of crymsen silk and knytt, in dimy soveraignes £10 0s 0d. With her said Majestie.
                
                    By the Baroness Clinton (age 35), a peire of sleevis of gold, pulled out with lawne. Delivered to the said Baroness Cobham.
                
                    By the Baroness Genevillet, in gold £6 13s 4d.
                
                    By the Lady Barkeley (age 24), Lord Barkeley's wife, in gold £5 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Lady Mountejoye (age 30), in a red silk purse, in angells £10 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Lady Abergavenny, in a red satten purse, in dimy soveraignes £5 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Lady Caree of Hundesdon (age 33), in a blak purse knytt, in angells £10 0s 0d.
                
                    By the Lady Taylboyes, Sir Peter Carewe's (age 48) wyfe, in a purse of blak silk and silver, in dimy soveraignes £10 0s 0d. With her said Majestie.
                
                    By the Baroness Cobham, a partelett and a peire of sleeves of sypers wrought with silver and blak silke. Re-delivered to herself.
                
                    By the Lady Dakers (age 21), a warming ball of gold, per oz. 3 oz. dim. With her said Majestie.
                
                    By the Lady Shefilde (age 20), a paire of sleeves wrought with fringe of blak silk and lozeng of gold. Delivered to the said Baroness Cobham.
                
                    By the Margaret Baroness Scrope (age 18), in a purse of blak silk and silver, in angells £7 0s 0d. With her said Majestie.
                
                    By the Lady Shandowes (age 38), a peire of sleeves and a partlett of gold and silver knytt, cawle fashion. Delivered to the said Baroness Cobham.
                
                    By the Lady Knowlles (age 38), a feyne carpett of needleworke, theverende frienged and buttoned with gold and silk. Delivered to John Torneworth, Groom of the Privy Chamber.
                
                    By the Lady Butler, in a little white purse, in French crowns £6 0s 0d. With her said Majestie. Unclear as to who Lady Butler refers to.
                
                    By the Lady Raclyef, a peire of sleeves of cameryk, all over sett with purle, and two sweet bags. Delivered to the said Baroness Cobham.

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On 01 Jan 1604 Henry Howard 1st Earl of Northampton (age 63) was appointed Warden of the Cinque Ports.

On 01 Jan 1614 Frederick Henry Palatinate Simmern was born to Frederick Palatinate Simmern V Elector Palatine Rhine (age 17) and Princess Elizabeth Stewart Queen Bohemia (age 17). He a grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland.

On 01 Jan 1616 George Villiers 1st Duke of Buckingham (age 23) was appointed Master of the Horse. See Diary of Anne Clifford.

On 01 Jan 1616 Edward Somerset 4th Earl of Worcester (age 66) was appointed Lord Privy Seal. See Diary of Anne Clifford.

The Golden Age Restored Masque

The The Golden Age Restored Masque was a Jacobean era masque, written by Ben Johnson (age 44) and designed by Inigo Jones (age 42); it was performed on 01 Jan 1616 and 06 Jan 1616, almost certainly at Whitehall Palace.

Diary of Anne Clifford 1617. 01 Jan 1617. Upon New Year’s day presently after dinner I went to the Savoy to my Lady Carey and from thence he and I went to Somerset House to the Queen where I met Lady Derby, my Lady Bedford (age 37), my Lady Montgomery, and a great deal of company that came along with the King and the Prince. My Lady Arundel had much talk with me about the business and persuaded me to yield to the King in all things. From Somerset House we went to Essex House to see my Lady of Northumberland. From thence I went to see my Lady Rich and so came home. After supper I went to see my Sister Beauchamp and stay’d with her an hour or two for my Lord (age 27) was at the play at Whitehall that night¹.

Note 1. As the King passed by, he kissed me. Afterwards the Queen came out into the Drawing Chamber where she kissed me and used me very kindly.

This was the rst time I ever saw the King, Queen, or Prince since they came out of the North.

On 01 Jan 1629 Frederick Henry Palatinate Simmern (age 15) drowned. He was on his way to Amsterdam to see the captured Spanish treasure fleet there and drowned crossing the Haarlemmermeer.

Trial and Execution of the Hothams

                    In Dec 1644 Parliament decided to execute the Hothams, father and son, John Hotham 1st Baronet (age 55) and John Hotham (age 34).
                
                    On 01 Jan 1645 John Hotham was beheaded for treason by Parliamentarians at Tower Hill [Map]. His father was executed the next day.
                
                    On 02 Jan 1645 John Hotham 1st Baronet was beheaded for treason by Parliamentarians; his son having been executed the previous day. His grandson John Hotham 2nd Baronet (age 12) succeeded 2nd Baronet Hotham of Scorborough in Yorkshire.

Diary of Isabella Twysden 1645. 01 Jan 1645. The first of Janua Mr Jo: hothum (age 35) was beheaded on tower hill [Map].

Charles II Crowned King Scotland

On 01 Jan 1651 King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 20) was crowned II King Scotland at Scone Abbey [Map].

John Evelyn's Diary. 01 Jan 1660. Annus Mirabilis. Begging God's blessings for the following year, I went to Exeter Chapel [Map], when Mr. Gunning (age 46) began the year on Galatians iv. 3-7, showing the love of Christ in shedding his blood so early for us.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 01 Jan 1660. (Lord's Day) This morning (we living lately in the garret) I rose, put on my suit with great skirts, having not lately worn any other, clothes but them. Went to Mr. Gunning's (age 46) chapel at Exeter House [Map], where he made a very good sermon upon these words: - "That in the fulness of time God sent his Son, made of a woman", &c.; showing, that, by "made under the law", is meant his circumcision, which is solemnized this day.

Rump Parliament

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 01 Jan 1660. The condition of the State was thus; viz. the Rump, after being disturbed by my Lord Lambert (age 40), was lately returned to sit again. The officers of the Army all forced to yield. Lawson (age 45) lies still in the river, and Monk (age 51) is with his army in Scotland. Only my Lord Lambert is not yet come into the Parliament, nor is it expected that he will without being forced to it.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 01 Jan 1660. The new Common Council of the City do speak very high; and had sent to Monk (age 51) their sword-bearer, to acquaint him with their desires for a free and full Parliament, which is at present the desires, and the hopes, and expectation of all. Twenty-two of the old secluded members having been at the House-door the last week to demand entrance, but it was denied them; and it is believed that they nor the people will be satisfied till the House be filled.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 01 Jan 1661. After dinner I took my wife to Whitehall, I sent her to Mrs. Pierces (where we should have dined today), and I to the Privy Seal, where Mr. Moore took out all his money, and he and I went to Mr. Pierces; in our way seeing the Duke of York (age 27) bring his Lady this day to wait upon the Queen, the first time that ever she did since that great business; and the Queen (age 51) is said to receive her now with much respect and love; and there he cast up the fees, and I told the money, by the same token one £100 bag, after I had told it, fell all about the room, and I fear I have lost some of it. That done I left my friends and went to my Lord's, but he being not come in I lodged the money with Mr. Shepley, and bade good night to Mr. Moore, and so returned to Mr. Pierces, and there supped with them, and Mr. Pierce, the purser, and his wife and mine, where we had a calf's head carboned¹, but it was raw, we could not eat it, and a good hen. But she is such a slut that I do not love her victualls. After supper I sent them home by coach, and I went to my Lord's and there played till 12 at night at cards at Best with J. Goods and N. Osgood, and then to bed with Mr. Shepley.

Note 1. Meat cut crosswise and broiled was said to be carboned. Falstaff says in "King Henry IV"., Part L, act v., sc. 3, "Well, if Percy be alive, I'll pierce him. If he do come in my way, so; if he do not, if I come in his willingly, let him make a carbonado of me".

John Evelyn's Diary. 01 Jan 1662. I went to London, invited to the solemn foolery of the Prince de la Grange, at Lincoln's Inn, where came the King (age 31), Duke, etc. It began with a grand masque, and a formal pleading before the mock Princes, Grandees, Nobles, and Knights of the Sun. He had his Lord Chancellor (age 52), Chamberlain, Treasurer, and other Royal Officers, gloriously clad and attended. It ended in a magnificent banquet. One Mr. Lort was the young spark who maintained the pageantry.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 01 Jan 1663. After dinner I did reckon with Mrs. Sarah for what we have eat and drank here, and gave her a crown, and so took coach, and to the Duke's house, where we saw "The Villaine" again; and the more I see it, the more I am offended at my first undervaluing the play, it being very good and pleasant, and yet a true and allowable tragedy. The house was full of citizens, and so the less pleasant, but that I was willing to make an end of my gaddings, and to set to my business for all the year again tomorrow. Here we saw the old Roxalana (age 20) in the chief box, in a velvet gown, as the fashion is, and very handsome, at which I was glad. Hence by coach home, where I find all well, only Sir W. Pen (age 41) they say ill again.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 01 Jan 1663. Lay with my wife at my Lord's lodgings, where I have been these two nights, till 10 o'clock with great pleasure talking, then I rose and to White Hall, where I spent a little time walking among the courtiers, which I perceive I shall be able to do with great confidence, being now beginning to be pretty well known among them. Then to my wife again, and found Mrs. Sarah with us in the chamber we lay in. Among other discourse, Mrs. Sarah tells us how the King (age 32) sups at least four or [five] times every week with my Baroness Castlemaine's (age 22); and most often stays till the morning with her, and goes home through the garden all alone privately, and that so as the very centrys take notice of it and speak of it. She tells me, that about a month ago she [Baroness Castlemaine] quickened at my Lord Gerard's (age 45) at dinner, and cried out that she was undone; and all the lords and men were fain to quit the room, and women called to help her. In fine, I find that there is nothing almost but bawdry at Court from top to bottom, as, if it were fit, I could instance, but it is not necessary; only they say my Lord Chesterfield (age 29), groom of the stole to the Queen (age 24), is either gone or put away from the Court upon the score of his lady's (age 22) having smitten the Duke of York (age 29), so as that he is watched by the Duchess of York (age 25), and his lady is retired into the country upon it. How much of this is true, God knows, but it is common talk.

1667 Thames Frozen

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 01 Jan 1667. Lay long, being a bitter, cold, frosty day, the frost being now grown old, and the Thames covered with ice. Up, and to the office, where all the morning busy..

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 01 Jan 1668. Thence I to White Hall, and there walked up and down the house a while, and do hear nothing of anything done further in this business of the change of Privy-counsellors: only I hear that Sir G. Savile (age 34), one of the Parliament Committee of nine, for examining the Accounts, is by the King (age 37) made a Lord, the Lord Halifax; which, I believe, will displease the Parliament.

Frost Fair

John Evelyn's Diary. 01 Jan 1684. The weather continuing intolerably severe, streetes of booths were set upon the Thames; the aire was so very cold and thick, as of many yeares there had not ben the like. The smallpox was very mortal.

On 01 Jan 1684 Prince George of Denmark 1st Duke Cumberland (age 30) was appointed 487th Knight of the Garter by King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 53).

John Evelyn's Diary. 01 Jan 1687. Mr. Wake (age 29) preached at St. Martin's on 1 Tim. iii. 16, concerning the mystery of godliness. He wrote excellently, in answer to the Bishop of Meaux.

John Evelyn's Diary. 01 Jan 1693. Contest in Parliament about a self-denying Act, that no Parliament man should have any office; it wanted only two or three voices to have been carried. The Duke of Norfolk's (age 37) bill for a divorce thrown out, he having managed it very indiscreetly. The quarrel between Admiral Russell (age 40) and Lord Nottingham (age 45) yet undetermined.

John Evelyn's Diary. 01 Jan 1699. My cousin Pierrepoint died. She was daughter to Sir John Evelyn, of Wilts, my father's nephew; she was widow to William Pierrepoint, brother to the Marquis of Dorchester, and mother to Evelyn Pierrepoint, Earl of Kingston (age 44); a most excellent and prudent lady.

Aug 1702 West Indies Action

John Evelyn's Diary. 01 Jan 1703. News of Vice-Admiral Benbow's conflict with the French fleet in the West Indies, in which he gallantly behaved himself, and was wounded, and would have had extraordinary success, had not four of his men-of-war stood spectators without coming to his assistance; for this, two of their commanders were tried by a Council of War, and executed; a third was condemned to perpetual imprisonment, loss of pay, and incapacity to serve in future. The fourth died.

John Evelyn's Diary. 01 Jan 1704. The King of Spain (age 20) landing at Portsmouth, Hampshire [Map], came to Windsor, Berkshire [Map], where he was magnificently entertained by the Queen (age 38), and behaved himself so nobly, that everybody was taken with his graceful deportment. After two days, having presented the great ladies, and others, with valuable jewels, he went back to Portsmouth, Hampshire [Map], and immediately embarked for Spain.

Harley's Dozen

                    On 01 Jan 1712 Queen Anne of England Scotland and Ireland (age 46), on behalf of Robert Harley 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer (age 50), created a number of new Baronies to balance power in Parliament, known as Harley's Dozen, ...
                
                    Allen Bathurst 1st Earl Bathurst (age 27) was created 1st Baron Bathurst.
                
                    Charles Bruce 4th Earl Elgin 3rd Earl Ailesbury (age 29) by writ of acceleration 3rd Baron Bruce of Skelton in Yorkshire.
                
                    James Compton 5th Earl of Northampton (age 24) by writ of acceleration 6th Baron Compton of Compton in Warwickshire.
                
                    Thomas Foley 1st Baron Foley (age 38) was created 1st Baron Foley.
                
                    George Granville 1st Baron Lansdowne (age 45) was created 1st Baron Lansdowne of Bideford in Devon. Mary Villiers Baroness Lansdowne by marriage Baroness Lansdowne of Bideford in Devon.
                
                    George Henry Hay 8th Earl Kinnoull (age 22) was created 1st Baron Hay of Pedwardine in Herefordshire.
                
                    Thomas Mansel 1st Baron Mansel (age 44) was created 1st Baron Mansel of Margam. Martha Millington Baroness Mansel by marriage Baroness Mansel of Margam.
                
                    Samuel Masham 1st Baron Masham (age 33) was created 1st Baron Masham of Otes in Essex. Abigail Hill Baroness Masham (age 42) by marriage Baroness Masham of Otes in Essex.
                
                    Henry Paget 1st Earl Uxbridge (age 48) was created 1st Baron Burton.
                
                    Thomas Trevor 1st Baron Trevor Bromham (age 53) was created 1st Baron Trevor Bromham.
                
                    Thomas Willoughby 1st Baron Middleton (age 39) was created 1st Baron Middleton. Elizabeth Rothwell Baroness Willoughby and Middleton by marriage Baroness Trevor Bromham, Baroness Middleton.
                
                    Thomas Windsor 1st Viscount Windsor (age 42) was created 1st Baron Mountjoy.

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On 01 Jan 1755 Henry Bromley 1st Baron Montfort (age 49) shot himself. He was buried at the Trinity Chapel, Conduit Street. Baron Montfort of Horseheath extinct. He left debts of £30,000 with an estate out of repair and in a very ruinous condition.

Act of Union

On 01 Jan 1801 the Act of Union came into force by which Great Britain and Ireland were united creating the United Kingdom. Actually two Acts of Union with the same title: one for the Parliament of Great Britain and one for the Parliament of Ireland.

Greville Memoirs. 01 Jan 1832. Panshanger [Map]. Distress seems to increase hereabouts, and crime with it. Methodism and saintship increase too. The people of this house are examples of the religion of the fashionable world, and the charity of natural benevolence, which the world has not spoiled. Lady Cowper (age 44) and her family go to church, but scandalise the congregation by always arriving half an hour too late. The hour matters not; if it began at nine, or ten, or twelve, or one o'clock, it would be the same thing; they are never ready, and always late, but they go. Lord Cowper never goes at all; but he employs multitudes of labourers, is ready to sanction any and every measure which can contribute to the comfort and happiness of the peasantry. Lady Cowper and her daughters inspect personally the cottages and condition of the poor. They visit, enquire, and give; they distribute flannel, medicines, money, and they talk to and are kind to them, so that the result is a perpetual stream flowing from a real fountain of benevolence, which waters all the country round and gladdens the hearts of the peasantry, and attaches them to those from whom it emanates.

The Diary of George Price Boyce 1853. 01 Jan 1853. Mr. Topham (age 44) called on me in Gt. Russell St., looked over my drawings; recommended me candidly not to try for the Old Water-Colour Society this season. Hoped Anthony and I would join him in Spain this summer. Drew at Clipstone St. for 1½ hrs. Last sitting of Miss Nicholl. She has been sitting to D. G. Rossetti (age 24) in a sitting posture.

On 01 Jan 1915 Edwyn Scudamore Stanhope 10th Earl of Chesterfield (age 60) was appointed 852nd Knight of the Garter.

                    The London Gazette 31712. Central Chancery Of The Orders Of Knighthood. St. James's Palace, S.W., 1st January, 1920
                
                    The KING has been graciously pleased to signify His Majesty's intention of conferring Peerages of the United Kingdom on the following:
                
                    To be an Earl
                
                    The Right Honourable Sir William St. John Fremantle Brodrick (age 63), Viscount Midleton, K.P.
                
                    To be Barons.
                
                    Sir Bertrand Edward Dawson, G.C.V.O., C.B., M.D., F.R.C.P., Physician-in-Ordinary to The King; Physician, London Hospital; Dean, Faculty of Medicine and Member of Senate, University of London; Chairman of Consultative Council, Ministry of Health; Public Services in connection with Health matters.
                
                    Sir George Allardice Riddell (age 54), Bart., Vice-Chairman of Newspaper Proprietors' Association, Ltd.; In charge of all the British Press and Colonial Press throughout the Peace Conference in Paris; Public Services.
                
                    The Right Honourable Sir Albert Henry Stanley, M.P., late President of the Board of Trade

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Births on the 1st January

On 01 Jan 1184 Bethóc Angus was born to Gille Críst Angus 4th Earl Angus and Marjorie Dunkeld Countess Angus.

On 01 Jan 1236 Baldwin Redvers 7th Earl Devon was born to Baldwin Redvers 6th Earl Devon (age 19) and Amice Clare Countess Devon (age 15).

On 01 Jan 1296 Robert Welles 2nd Baron Welles was born to Adam Welles 1st Baron Welles (age 47).

On 01 Jan 1442 Margaret Wittelsbach was born to Albert Wittelsbach III Duke Bavaria (age 40) and Anna Brunswick Grubenhagen Duchess Bavaria (age 28).

Birth and Death of Prince Henry

On 01 Jan 1511 Prince Henry Duke of Cornwall was born to Henry VIII (age 19) and Catherine of Aragon (age 25) at Richmond Palace [Map]. He was appointed Duke of Cornwall at birth.

On 22 Feb 1511 Prince Henry Duke of Cornwall died. He was buried at Westminster Abbey [Map].

On 01 Jan 1558 Elizabeth Stanley Baroness Marshal Morley was born to William Stanley 3rd Baron Monteagle (age 30) and Anne Leybourne (age 26).

On 01 Jan 1563 Elizabeth Brooke was born to William Brooke 10th Baron Cobham (age 35) and Frances Newton Baroness Cobham (age 24).

On 01 Jan 1575 Thomas Palmer was born to Thomas Palmer 1st Baronet (age 35) and Margaret Poley Lady Palmer (age 33) at Putney, Surrey [Map].

On 01 Jan 1618 Mary Leslie Countess of Eglinton was born to John Leslie 6th Earl Rothes (age 18) and Anne Erskine Countess of Rothes (age 20).

On 01 Jan 1619 Robert Bertie was born to Robert Bertie 1st Earl Lindsey (age 36) and Elizabeth Montagu Countess Lindsey.

On 01 Jan 1632 Thomas Darcy 1st Baronet was born to Thomas Darcy of Tiptree Priory and Mary Astley.

On 01 Jan 1634 Elizabeth Freschville Countess Holderness was born to John Freschville 1st Baron Frescheville (age 26) and Sarah Harrington.

On 01 Jan 1659 Margaret Wemyss Countess Cromartie 3rd Countess Wemyss was born to David Wemyss 2nd Earl of Wemyss (age 48) and Margaret Leslie Countess Buccleuch and Wemyss (age 38).

Before 01 Jan 1664 the date he was baptised at Tamworth, Staffordshire [Map], William Boothby 3rd Baronet was born to William Boothby 1st Baronet (age 26) and Hill Brooke (age 28).

After 01 Jan 1673 Roger Gale was born to Thomas Gale (age 38) and Barbara Pepys at Impington. Some sources describe his birth on 27 Sep 1672 however this is inconsistent with his parents marriage on 01 Jan 1673.

On 01 Jan 1707 Henry Howard 10th Earl Suffolk was born to Charles Howard 9th Earl Suffolk (age 32) and Henrietta Hobart Countess Suffolk (age 18).

On 01 Jan 1711 Richard Acton 5th Baronet was born to Whitmore Acton 4th Baronet (age 34).

After 01 Jan 1713 Sherard Manners was born to John Manners 2nd Duke Rutland (age 36) and Lucy Sherard Duchess Rutland (age 28).

On 01 Jan 1722 George Baker 1st Baronet was born to George Baker (age 35) and Mary Weston at Modbury, Devon.

Around 01 Jan 1732 Catherine Winn was born to Rowland Winn 4th Baronet (age 26) and Susanna Henshaw Lady Winn (age 22).

After 01 Jan 1739 John Burgoyne 7th Baronet was born to Roger Burgoyne 6th Baronet (age 28) and Frances Montagu Lady Burgoyne.

On 01 Jan 1740 Bishop Lewis Bagot was born to Walter Wagstaffe Bagot 5th Baronet (age 37) and Barbara Legge Baroness Bagot (age 31).

On 01 Jan 1740 William Weller Pepys 1st Baronet was born to William Pepys (age 41).

On 01 Jan 1743 Grace Foley Countess Clanbrassil was born to Thomas Foley 1st Baron Foley (age 26) and Grace Granville Baroness Foley.

After 01 Jan 1743 Anne Foley Lady Winnington was born to Thomas Foley 1st Baron Foley (age 26) and Grace Granville Baroness Foley.

After 01 Jan 1743 Elizabeth Foley was born to Thomas Foley 1st Baron Foley (age 26) and Grace Granville Baroness Foley.

After 01 Jan 1743 Mary Foley was born to Thomas Foley 1st Baron Foley (age 26) and Grace Granville Baroness Foley.

On 01 Jan 1748 Henry Johnson 1st Baronet was born to Allen Johnson of Kilternan in County Dublin.

On 01 Jan 1748 Archibald Cochrane 9th Earl of Dundonald was born to Thomas Cochrane 8th Earl of Dundonald (age 57) and Jane Stuart.

On 01 Jan 1749 Henry Gough-Calthorpe 1st Baron Calthorpe was born to Henry Gough 1st Baronet (age 40) and Barbara Calthorpe Lady Gough.

On 01 Jan 1765 William Champion de Crespigny 2nd Baronet was born to Claude Champion de Crespgny 1st Baronet (age 30).

On 01 Jan 1779 Bishop Edward Stanley was born to John Thomas Stanley 6th Baronet (age 43).

On 01 Jan 1793 Francis Bond Head 1st Baronet was born to James Roper Head (age 36).

On 01 Jan 1797 Thomas Cecil was born to Henry Cecil 1st Marquess Exeter (age 42) and Sarah Hoggins Countess Exeter.

On 01 Jan 1799 Harriet Anne Butler Marchioness Donegal was born to Richard Butler 1st Earl Glengall (age 23).

On 01 Jan 1800 Francis Leveson Gower aka Egerton 1st Earl Ellesmere was born to George Granville Leveson-Gower 1st Duke Sutherland (age 41) and Elizabeth Sutherland Duchess Sutherland 19th Countess Sutherland (age 34) at 21 Arlington Street, Piccadilly.

On 01 Jan 1815 Samuel Cunliffe Lister 1st Baron Masham was born.

On 01 Jan 1820 Edward Graham 9th Baronet was born to Robert Graham 8th Baronet (age 50) and Elizabeth Young Lady Graham.

On 01 Jan 1832 Jane Hermione Seymour Lady Graham was born to Edward Adolphus Seymour 12th Duke of Somerset (age 27) and Jane Georgiana Sheridan Duchess Somerset (age 22).

On 01 Jan 1839 John Harvey Blunt 8th Baronet was born to William Blunt (age 58).

On 01 Jan 1840 Alan Brodrick was born to William Brodrick (age 41) and Harriet Brodrick. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.26%.

On 01 Jan 1844 Thomas Agar-Robartes 6th Viscount Clifden was born to Thomas James Agar aka Agar-Robartes 1st Baron Robartes (age 35) and Juliana Pole-Carew Baroness Robartes (age 31) at Grosvenor Place, Belgravia.

On 01 Jan 1856 Louis Greville was born to George Greville 4th Earl Warwick 4th Earl Brooke (age 37) and Anne Charteris Countess Warwick (age 27).

On 01 Jan 1888 Dorothy Margaret Browne was born to Valentine Charles Browne 5th Earl of Kenmare (age 27) and Elizabeth Baring Countess Kenmare (age 20).

On 01 Jan 1910 John Bowes-Lyon was born to Patrick Bowes-Lyon 15th Earl Strathmore and Kinghorne (age 25) and Dorothy Beatrix Godolphin Osborne (age 21).

On 01 Jan 1925 John Vivian 4th Baron Swansea was born to Odo Vivian 3rd Baron Swansea (age 49).

Marriages on the 1st January

Before 01 Jan 1296 Adam Welles 1st Baron Welles (age 47) and Joan D'Engayne Baroness Welles and Ughtred were married.

On 01 Jan 1624 Henry de Vere 18th Earl of Oxford (age 30) and Diana Cecil Countess of Oxford and Elgin (age 28) were married. She by marriage Countess of Oxford. She the daughter of William Cecil 2nd Earl Exeter (age 58) and Elizabeth Drury Countess Exeter (age 45). He the son of Edward de Vere 17th Earl of Oxford and Elizabeth Trentham Maid of Honour Countess of Oxford.

On 01 Jan 1638 Gervase Clifton 1st Baronet (age 50) and Anne South Lady Clifton were married. She by marriage Lady Clifton of Clifton in Nottinghamshire.

On 01 Jan 1648 Maurice Berkeley 3rd Viscount Fitzhardinge (age 19) and Anne Lee Viscountess Fitzhardinge (age 25) were married.

On 01 Jan 1648 John Leslie 1st Duke Rothes (age 18) and Anne Lindsay were married. She by marriage Countess Rothes. She the daughter of John Lindsay 1st Earl Lindsay 17th Earl Crawford (age 36) and Margaret Hamilton Countess Lindsay and Crawford (age 36). He the son of John Leslie 6th Earl Rothes and Anne Erskine Countess of Rothes.

On 01 Jan 1685 Frederick Louis Oldenburg I Duke Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (age 31) and Louise Charlotte Oldenburg Duchess Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (age 26) were married. She by marriage Duchess Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck. She the daughter of Ernest Günther Oldenburg I Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg (age 75) and Auguste Oldenburg Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg (age 51). He the son of August Philipp Oldenburg I Duke Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck and Marie Sibylle Nassau Saarbrücken Duchess Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck. They were first cousins.

On 01 Jan 1687 Henry St John 1st Viscount St John (age 34) and Angelica Magdalena Pellissary Viscountess St John (age 21) were married.

On 01 Jan 1713 John Manners 2nd Duke Rutland (age 36) and Lucy Sherard Duchess Rutland (age 28) were married. She by marriage Duchess Rutland. He the son of John Manners 1st Duke Rutland and Catherine Noel Duchess Rutland (age 56).

On 01 Jan 1739 Roger Burgoyne 6th Baronet (age 28) and Frances Montagu Lady Burgoyne were married. She by marriage Lady Burgoyne of Sutton in Bedfordshire. She the daughter of George Montagu 1st Earl Halifax (age 55) and Mary Lumley Countess Halifax.

On 01 Jan 1795 Henry Orland Chamberlain 1st Baronet (age 22) and Elizabeth Harrod were married.

On 01 Jan 1799 John Minet Henniker-Major 3rd Baron Henniker (age 21) and Mary Chafy were married. They had five daughters and three sons.

On 01 Jan 1801 Stapleton Cotton 1st Viscount Combermere (age 27) and Anna-Maria Clinton (age 17) were married. She the daughter of Thomas Pelham-Clinton 3rd Duke Newcastle-under-Lyne and Anna Maria Stanhope Countess Lincoln. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 01 Jan 1812 John "Radical Jack" Lambton 1st Earl Durham (age 19) and Harriet Cholmondeley (age 22) were married at Gretna Green. She the illegitmate daughter of George Cholmondeley 1st Marquess Cholmondeley (age 62) and Unamed Saint Albin.

On 01 Jan 1887 Victor Albert Francis Spencer 1st Viscount Churchill (age 22) and Verena Lowther (age 21) were married. She by marriage Baroness Churchill Wychwood in Oxfordshire. They had four children. When she wished to divorce Lord Churchill, King Edward forbade it, to avoid a scandal among his social circle. Instead she disappeared in 1909 taking their son, aged 19, and two daughters, aged 13 and 8, with her. In 1927 he obtained a divorce on the grounds of desertion. She the daughter of Henry Lowther 3rd Earl Lonsdale. He a great x 5 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 01 Jan 1918 Fergus Frederick Graham 5th Baronet (age 24) and Mary Spencer Revell Reade (age 20) were married.

On 01 Jan 1927 Richard James Graham 4th Baronet (age 68) and Florence Rose Wood Lady Graham were married. She the widow of his younger brother James Reginald Graham; an example of Married to Two Siblings.

On 01 Jan 1927 Francis Stapleton-Cotton 4th Viscount Combermere (age 39) and Constance Marie Katherine Williams-Drummond (age 33) were married. She a first cousin of his first wife Louisa Hazel Agnew Viscountess Combermere (age 35).

On 01 Jan 1973 Henry Edward Cubitt 4th Baron Ashcombe (age 48) and Virginia Carrington Baroness Ashcombe (age 26) were married. The difference in their ages was 22 years.

Deaths on the 1st January

Odo I King West Francia succeeded by Charles "Simple"

On 01 Jan 898 Odo I King West Franks (age 41) died. Charles "Simple" III King West Francia (age 18) succeeded III King West Francia.

Ramiro II King Leon succeeded by Ordoño "Blind"

On 01 Jan 951 Ramiro II King Leon (age 51) died. His son King Ordoño III of Leon (age 25) succeeded III King Leon.

On 01 Jan 1325 Alice Tosny Countess Warwick (age 40) died at Warwick, Warwickshire [Map].

On 01 Jan 1370 Elizabeth Maxwell Countess Atholl (age 35) died at Naworth Castle [Map].

Charles "Bad" II King Navarre succeeded by Charles III King Navarre

On 01 Jan 1407 Joyce Botetort 3rd Baroness Botetort (age 39) died. Baron Botetort abeyant.

On 31 Dec 1426 Thomas Beaufort 1st Duke Exeter (age 49) died at Greenwich, Kent [Map]. Some sources say 27 Dec 1426 and 01 Jan 1427. Duke Exeter and Earl Dorset extinct.

On 01 Jan 1496 Charles Valois Orléans Count Angoulême (age 37) died.

Louis XII King France succeeded by Francis I

On 01 Jan 1515 Louis XII King France (age 52) died. His first cousin once removed King Francis I of France (age 20) succeeded I King France: Capet Valois Angoulême.

Christian III King Denmark Dies Frederick II Succeeds

On 01 Jan 1559 Christian III King Denmark (age 55) died. His son Frederick II King Denmark (age 24) succeeded II King Denmark.

On 01 Jan 1637 Roger Townshend 1st Baronet (age 41) died. His son Roger Townshend 2nd Baronet succeeded 2nd Baronet Townshend.

Trial and Execution of the Hothams

                    In Dec 1644 Parliament decided to execute the Hothams, father and son, John Hotham 1st Baronet (age 55) and John Hotham (age 34).
                
                    On 01 Jan 1645 John Hotham was beheaded for treason by Parliamentarians at Tower Hill [Map]. His father was executed the next day.
                
                    On 02 Jan 1645 John Hotham 1st Baronet was beheaded for treason by Parliamentarians; his son having been executed the previous day. His grandson John Hotham 2nd Baronet (age 12) succeeded 2nd Baronet Hotham of Scorborough in Yorkshire.

Around 01 Jan 1680 John Pakington 2nd Baronet (age 58) died. His son John Pakington 3rd Baronet (age 31) succeeded 3rd Baronet Pakington. Margaret Keyt Lady Pakington by marriage Lady Pakington.

On 01 Jan 1701 Henri Gascar (age 66) died.

On 01 Jan 1707 Honora Belasyse Baroness Bergavenny died.

On 01 Jan 1710 William Bruce 1st Baronet (age 80) died. His son John Bruce 2nd Baronet (age 39) succeeded 2nd Baronet Bruce of Balcaskie.

On 01 Jan 1724 John Sherard 1st Baronet (age 61) died unmarried. His brother Richard Sherard 2nd Baronet (age 58) succeeded 2nd Baronet Sherard of Lobthorp in Lincolnshire.

On 01 Jan 1726 Hester Firebrace Countess Desmond and Denbigh (age 49) died.

On 01 Jan 1730 Daniel Finch 2nd Earl Nottingham 7th Earl Winchilsea (age 82) died. His son Daniel Finch 8th Earl Winchilsea 3rd Earl Nottingham (age 40) succeeded 8th Earl Winchilsea, 8th Viscount Maidstone, 3rd Earl Nottingham, 3rd Baron Finch Daventry, 9th Baronet Finch of Eastwell in Kent.

On 01 Jan 1736 Diana Condon Lady Lowther died.

On 01 Jan 1738 Samuel Thorold 2nd Baronet (age 65) died unmarried. Baronet Thorold of Harmston extinct.

On 01 Jan 1740 Henry King 3rd Baronet (age 59) died. His son Robert King 1st Baron Kingsborough (age 15) succeeded 4th Baronet King of Boyle Abbot.

On 01 Jan 1741 Peregrine Bertie 2nd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven (age 54) died. His son Peregrine Bertie 3rd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven (age 27) succeeded 3rd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven, 3rd Marquess Lindsay, 6th Earl Lindsey, 19th Baron Willoughby de Eresby.

On 01 Jan 1773 Richard Glyn 1st Baronet (age 61) died. His son George Glynn 2nd Baronet (age 34) succeeded 2nd Baronet Glyn of Ewell in Surrey.

On 01 Jan 1789 James Agar aka Agar-Ellis 1st Viscount Clifden (age 54) died. His son Henry Agar 2nd Viscount Clifden (age 27) succeeded 2nd Viscount Clifden of Gowran in County Kilkenny.

On 01 Jan 1789 Fletcher Norton 1st Baron Grantley (age 72) died. His son William Norton 2nd Baron Grantley (age 46) succeeded 2nd Baron Grantley of Markenfield in Yorkshire.

On 01 Jan 1809 Alan Gardner 1st Baron Gardner (age 66) died. His son Alan Hyde Gardner 2nd Baron Gardner (age 38) succeeded 2nd Baron Gardner.

On 01 Jan 1836 John Kennaway 1st Baronet (age 77) died. His son John Kennaway 2nd Baronet (age 39) succeeded 2nd Baronet Kennaway of Hyderabad. Emily Frances Kingscote Lady Kennaway (age 30) by marriage Lady Kennaway of Hyderabad.

On 01 Jan 1844 George Crewe 8th Baronet (age 48) died at Calke Abbey [Map]. His son John Harpur Crewe 9th Baronet (age 20) succeeded 9th Baronet Harpur of Calke Abbey in Derbyshire.

On 01 Jan 1849 George Eden 1st Earl Auckland (age 64) died unmarried. Earl of Auckland and Baron Eden of Norwood in Surrey extinct. His brother Bishop Robert Eden 3rd Baron Auckland (age 49) succeeded 3rd Baron Auckland of West Auckland.

On 01 Jan 1853 Jonathan Wathen Phipps aka Waller 1st Baronet (age 83) died at Cavendish Square Marylebone. He was buried at Holy Trinity Church Marylebone. His son Thomas Wathen Phipps Waller 2nd Baronet (age 47) succeeded 2nd Baronet Waller of Braywick Lodge in Berkshire.

On 01 Jan 1862 Eliza Wolstenholme Countess Macclesfield (age 81) died.

On 01 Jan 1872 William Edwardes 3rd Baron Kensington (age 70) died. His son William Edwardes 4th and 1st Baron Kensington (age 36) succeeded 4th Baron Kensington. Grace Elizabeth Johnstone-Douglas Baroness Kensington by marriage Baroness Kensington.

On 01 Jan 1883 Henry Meux 2nd Baronet (age 65) died. His son Henry Bruce Meux 3rd Baronet (age 26) succeeded 3rd Baronet Meux of Theobald's Park in Hertfordshire.

On 01 Jan 1883 Francis Charles Charteris 9th Earl of Wemyss (age 86) died. His son Francis Richard Charteris 10th Earl of Wemyss (age 64) succeeded 10th Earl Wemyss, 3rd Baron Wemyss of Wemyss in Fife. Anne Frederica Anson Countess Wemyss (age 59) by marriage Countess Wemyss.

On 01 Jan 1889 Harriet Lascelles Countess Sheffield (age 87) died.

On 01 Jan 1928 Aubrey Fitzclarence 4th Earl Munster (age 65) died. His nephew George Fitzclarence 5th Earl Munster (age 21) succeeded 5th Earl Munster, 5th Viscount Fitzclarence, 5th Baron Tewkesbury.

On 01 Jan 1947 Nicholas Henry Bacon 13th and 12th Baronet (age 89) died. His son Edmund Castell Bacon 14th and 13th Baronet (age 43) succeeded 14th Baronet Bacon of Mildenhall in Suffolk and 13th Baronet Bacon of Redgrave in Suffolk.

On 01 Jan 1954 Alfred Duff Cooper 1st Viscount Norwich (age 63) died. His son John Julius Cooper 2nd Viscount Norwich (age 24) succeeded 2nd Viscount Norwich of Aldwick in Sussex.

On 01 Jan 1974 Charles John Wilson 3rd Baron Nunburnholme (age 69) died. His son Ben Charles Wilson 4th Baron Nunburnholme (age 45) succeeded 4th Baron Nunburnholme.

On 01 Jan 1977 Griffin Wyndham Hanmer 7th Baronet (age 83) died. His son John Wyndham Hanmer 8th Baronet (age 48) succeeded 8th Baronet Hamner of Hamner in Flintshire.

On 01 Jan 1989 Joseph Petre 17th Baron Petre (age 74) died. His son John Petre 18th Baron Petre (age 46) succeeded 18th Baron Petre.

On 01 Jan 1997 Charles Edwin Hlll Trevor 4th Baron Trevor (age 68) died. His son Marke Hill-Trevor 5th Baron Trevor (age 26) succeeded 5th Baron Trevor of Brynkinalt in Denbighshire.