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On this Day in History ... 2nd September

02 Sep is in September.

1666 Great Fire of London

1701 Death of King James II

1718 Battle of Cape Passaro

1752 Adoption of the Gregorian Calendar

See Births, Marriages and Deaths.

Events on the 2nd September

Tudor Tracts Chapter 4. Friday the 2nd of September [1547]. Upon commandment generally given, by sound of trumpet, all save the council, departed the town; and encamped a two flight-shots off, upon the sea-side, toward Scotland.

This day, my Lord Clinton (age 35) with his fleet took the seas from Berwick toward Scotland, and herefore the rather, that though they might not have always wind at will to keep their course still with us; yet, and it were but with the driving of tides, they might, upon any our need of munition or victail, not be long from us.

My Lord Lieutenant and Master Treasurer, who remained at Newcastle after my Lord's Grace, for the full despatch of the rest of the army, came this day to Berwick.

On 02 Sep 1597 Queen Elizabeth I of England and Ireland (age 63) granted licence to the executors of Sir Rowland Hayward to sell King's Place [Map] in the Hackney in north London to Elizabeth Trentham, her brother Francis Trentham of Rocester (age 33), her uncle Ralph Sneyd (age 70), and her cousin, Giles Yonge (age 43). The acquisition of King's Place by Elizabeth Trentham and her relatives placed it 'beyond the reach of Oxford's creditors'.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 02 Sep 1663. He being gone, I to my office, where late, putting things in order, and so home to supper and to bed. Going through the City, my Lord Mayor (age 48) told me how the piller set up by Exeter House [Map] is only to show where the pipes of water run to the City; and observed that this City is as well watered as any city in the world, and that the bringing the water to the City hath cost it first and last above £300,000; but by the new building, and the building of St. James's by my Lord St. Albans (age 58)1, which is now about (and which the City stomach I perceive highly, but dare not oppose it), were it now to be done, it would not be done for a million of money.

Note 1. It was at this time that the Earl of St. Albans planned St. James's Square, which was first styled "The Piazza". The "Warrant for a grant to Baptist May and Abraham Cowley (age 46) on nomination of the Earl of St. Albans of several parcels of ground in Pall Mall [Map] described, on rental of £80, for building thereon a square of 13 or 14 great and good houses", was dated September 24th, 1664.

02 Sep 1666. St Nicholas Acons Church was destroyed in the Great Fire of London; it was not rebuilt.

02 Sep 1666 was destroyed in the Great Fire of London. It wasn't rebuilt being combined with St Benet Gracechurch [Map].

The London Gazette 85. 02 Sep 1666. On the second instant, at one of the clock in the Morning, there hapned to break out, a sad in deplorable Fire in Pudding-lane, neer New Fishstreet, which falling out at that hour of the night, and in a quarter of the Town so close built with wooden pitched houses spread itself so far before day, and with such distraction to the inhabitants and Neighbours, that care was not taken for the timely preventing the further diffusion of it, by pulling down houses, as ought to have been; so that this lamentable Fire in a short time became too big to be mastred by any Engines or working neer it, It fell out most unhappily too, That a violent Easterly wind fomented it, and kept it burning all that day, and the night following spreading itself up to Grace-church-street and downwards from Cannon-street to the Water-side, as far as the Three Cranes in the Vintrey [Map].

02 Sep 1666. St Martin Vintry [Map] was one of the eight-six parish churches destroyed in the Great Fire of London.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 02 Sep 1666. So home with a sad heart, and there find every body discoursing and lamenting the fire; and poor Tom Hater come with some few of his goods saved out of his house, which is burned upon Fish-streets Hill [Map]. I invited him to lie at my house, and did receive his goods, but was deceived in his lying there, the newes coming every moment of the growth of the fire; so as we were forced to begin to pack up our owne goods; and prepare for their removal; and did by moonshine (it being brave dry, and moon: shine, and warm weather) carry much of my goods into the garden, and Mr. Hater and I did remove my money and iron chests into my cellar, as thinking that the safest place. And got my bags of gold into my office, ready to carry away, and my chief papers of accounts also there, and my tallys into a box by themselves. So great was our fear, as Sir W. Batten (age 65) hath carts come out of the country to fetch away his goods this night. We did put Mr. Hater, poor man, to bed a little; but he got but very little rest, so much noise being in my house, taking down of goods.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 02 Sep 1666. We staid till, it being darkish, we saw the fire as only one entire arch of fire from this to the other side the bridge, and in a bow up the hill for an arch of above a mile long: it made me weep to see it. The churches, houses, and all on fire and flaming at once; and a horrid noise the flames made, and the cracking of houses at their ruins.

02 Sep 1666 is the corner of Cock Lane and Giltspur Street that is traditionally the furthest extent of the Great Fire of London which is commemorated by the Golden Boy of Pye Corner.

John Evelyn's Diary. 02 Sep 1666. This fatal night, about ten, began the deplorable fire, near Fish Street Hill [Map], in London.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 02 Sep 1666. Lord's Day. Some of our mayds sitting up late last night to get things ready against our feast to-day, Jane called us up about three in the morning, to tell us of a great fire they saw in the City. So I rose and slipped on my nightgowne, and went to her window, and thought it to be on the backside of Marke-lane [Map] at the farthest; but, being unused to such fires as followed, I thought it far enough off; and so went to bed again and to sleep. About seven rose again to dress myself, and there looked out at the window, and saw the fire not so much as it was and further off.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 02 Sep 1666. By and by Jane comes and tells me that she hears that above 300 houses have been burned down to-night by the fire we saw, and that it is now burning down all Fish-street [Map], by London Bridge [Map]. So I made myself ready presently, and walked to the Tower [Map], and there got up upon one of the high places, Sir J. Robinson's (age 51) little son going up with me; and there I did see the houses at that end of the bridge all on fire, and an infinite great fire on this and the other side the end of the bridge; which, among other people, did trouble me for poor little Michell and our Sarah on the bridge. So down, with my heart full of trouble, to the Lieutenant of the Tower, who tells me that it begun this morning in the King's baker's' house in Pudding-lane, and that it hath burned St. Magnus's Church [Map] and most part of Fish-street [Map] already.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 02 Sep 1666. So I down to the water-side, and there got a boat and through bridge, and there saw a lamentable fire. Poor Michell's house, as far as the Old Swan [Map], already burned that way, and the fire running further, that in a very little time it got as far as the Steeleyard [Map], while I was there. Everybody endeavouring to remove their goods, and flinging into the river or bringing them into lighters that layoff; poor people staying in their houses as long as till the very fire touched them, and then running into boats, or clambering from one pair of stairs by the water-side to another. And among other things, the poor pigeons, I perceive, were loth to leave their houses, but hovered about the windows and balconys till they were, some of them burned, their wings, and fell down.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 02 Sep 1666. Having staid, and in an hour's time seen the fire: rage every way, and nobody, to my sight, endeavouring to quench it, but to remove their goods, and leave all to the fire, and having seen it get as far as the Steele-yard [Map], and the wind mighty high and driving it into the City; and every thing, after so long a drought, proving combustible, even the very stones of churches, and among other things the poor steeple by which pretty Mrs.----lives, and whereof my old school-fellow Elborough is parson, taken fire in the very top, an there burned till it fell down: I to White Hall (with a gentleman with me who desired to go off from the Tower, to see the fire, in my boat); to White Hall, and there up to the Kings closett in the Chappell, where people come about me, and did give them an account dismayed them all, and word was carried in to the King (age 36).

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 02 Sep 1666. So I was called for, and did tell the King (age 36) and Duke of Yorke (age 32) what I saw, and that unless his Majesty did command houses to be pulled down nothing could stop the fire. They seemed much troubled, and the King commanded me to go to my Lord Mayor (age 46)1 from him, and command him to spare no houses, but to pull down before the fire every way. The Duke of York bid me tell him that if he would have any more soldiers he shall; and so did my Lord Arlington (age 48) afterwards, as a great secret2.

Note 1. Sir Thomas Bludworth. See June 30th, 1666.

Note 2. Sir William Coventry wrote to Lord Arlington on the evening of this day, "The Duke of York fears the want of workmen and tools to-morrow morning, and wishes the deputy lieutenants and justices of peace to summon the workmen with tools to be there by break of day. In some churches and chapels are great hooks for pulling down houses, which should be brought ready upon the place to-night against the morning" (Calendar of State Papers, 1666-66, p. 95).

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 02 Sep 1666. Here meeting, with Captain Cocke (age 49), I in his coach, which he lent me, and Creed with me to Paul's, and there walked along Watlingstreet, as well as I could, every creature coming away loaden with goods to save, and here and there sicke people carried away in beds. Extraordinary good goods carried in carts and on backs. At last met my Lord Mayor (age 46) in Canningstreet, like a man spent, with a handkercher about his neck. To the King's message he cried, like a fainting woman, "Lord! what can I do? I am spent: people will not obey me. I have been pulling down houses; but the fire overtakes us faster than we can do it". That he needed no more soldiers; and that, for himself, he must go and refresh himself, having been up all night.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 02 Sep 1666. So he left me, and I him, and walked home, seeing people all almost distracted, and no manner of means used to quench the fire. The houses, too, so very thick thereabouts, and full of matter for burning, as pitch and tarr, in Thames-street; and Ware, Hertfordshire [Map] houses of oyle, and wines, and brandy, and other things. Here I saw Mr. Isaake Houblon, the handsome man, prettily dressed and dirty, at his door at Dowgate, receiving some of his brothers' (age 37) things, whose houses were on fire; and, as he says, have been removed twice already; and he doubts (as it soon proved) that they must be in a little time removed from his house also, which was a sad consideration. And to see the churches all filling with goods by people who themselves should have been quietly there at this time.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 02 Sep 1666. By this time it was about twelve o'clock; and so home, and there find my guests, which was Mr. Wood and his wife Barbary Sheldon, and also Mr. Moons: she mighty fine, and her husband; for aught I see, a likely man. But Mr. Moone's design and mine, which was to look over my closett and please him with the sight thereof, which he hath long desired, was wholly disappointed; for we were in great trouble and disturbance at this fire, not knowing what to think of it. However, we had an extraordinary good dinner, and as merry, as at this time we could be. While at dinner Mrs. Batelier come to enquire after Mr. Woolfe and Stanes (who, it seems, are related to them), whose houses in Fish-street [Map] are all burned; and they in a sad condition. She would not stay in the fright. Soon as dined, I and Moone away, and walked, through the City, the streets full of nothing but people and horses and carts loaden with goods, ready to run over one another, and, removing goods from one burned house to another.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 02 Sep 1666. They now removing out of Canning-streets (which received goods in the morning) into Lumbard-streets [Map], and further; and among others I now saw my little goldsmith, Stokes, receiving some friend's goods, whose house itself was burned the day after. We parted at Paul's; he home, and I to Paul's Wharf, where I had appointed a boat to attend me, and took in Mr. Carcasse and his brother, whom I met in the streets and carried them below and above bridge to and again to see the fire, which was now got further, both below and above and no likelihood of stopping it. Met with the King (age 36) and Duke of York (age 32) in their barge, and with them to Queenhith and there called Sir Richard Browne (age 61) to them. Their order was only to pull down houses apace, and so below bridge the water-side; but little was or could be done, the fire coming upon them so fast. Good hopes there was of stopping it at the Three Cranes above, and at Buttolph's Wharf below bridge, if care be used; but the wind carries it into the City so as we know not by the water-side what it do there. River full of lighters and boats taking in goods, and good goods swimming in the water, and only I observed that hardly one lighter or boat in three that had the goods of a house in, but there was a pair of Virginalls1 in it.

Note 1. The virginal differed from the spinet in being square instead of triangular in form. The word pair was used in the obsolete sense of a set, as we read also of a pair of organs. The instrument is supposed to have obtained its name from young women, playing upon it.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 02 Sep 1666. Having seen as much as I could now, I away to White Hall by appointment, and there walked to St. James's Parks, and there met my wife and Creed and Wood and his wife, and walked to my boat; and there upon the water again, and to the fire up and down, it still encreasing, and the wind great. So near the fire as we could for smoke; and all over the Thames, with one's face in the wind, you were almost burned with a shower of firedrops. This is very true; so as houses were burned by these drops and flakes of fire, three or four, nay, five or six houses, one from another. When we could endure no more upon the water; we to a little ale-house on the Bankside, over against the Three Cranes, and there staid till it was dark almost, and saw the fire grow; and, as it grew darker, appeared more and more, and in corners and upon steeples, and between churches and houses, as far as we could see up the hill of the City, in a most horrid malicious bloody flame, not like the fine flame of an ordinary fire. Barbary and her husband away before us.

From 02 Sep 1666 to 06 Sep 1666 the Great Fire of London destroyed around 13000 properties in the medieval City of London as well as 87 parish churches and St Paul's Cathedral [Map]. The fire is estimated to have left 80% of the city's residents homeless.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 02 Sep 1667. By and by Sir G. Carteret (age 57), and Townsend, and I, to consider of an answer to the Commissioners of the Treasury about my Lord Sandwich's (age 42) profits in the Wardrobe; which seem, as we make them, to be very small, not £1000 a-year; but only the difference in measure at which he buys and delivers out to the King (age 37), and then 6d. in the pound from the tradesmen for what money he receives for him; but this, it is believed, these Commissioners will endeavour to take away. From him I went to see a great match at tennis, between Prince Rupert (age 47) and one Captain Cooke (age 51), against Bab. May (age 39) and the elder Chichly (age 53); where the King was, and Court; and it seems are the best players at tennis in the nation. But this puts me in mind of what I observed in the morning, that the King, playing at tennis, had a steele-yard carried to him, and I was told it was to weigh him after he had done playing; and at noon Mr. Ashburnham (age 63) told me that it is only the King's curiosity, which he usually hath of weighing himself before and after his play, to see how much he loses in weight by playing: and this day he lost 4 lbs.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 02 Sep 1667. This day is kept in the City as a publick fast for the fire this day twelve months: but I was not at church, being commanded, with the rest, to attend the Duke of York (age 33); and, therefore, with Sir J. Minnes (age 68) to St. James's, where we had much business before the Duke of York, and observed all things to be very kind between the Duke of York and W. Coventry (age 39), which did mightily joy me. When we had done, Sir W. Coventry called me down with him to his chamber, and there told me that he is leaving the Duke of York's service, which I was amazed at. But he tells me that it is not with the least unkindness on the Duke of York's side, though he expects, and I told him he was in the right, it will be interpreted otherwise, because done just at this time; "but", says he, "I did desire it a good while since, and the Duke of York did, with much entreaty, grant it, desiring that I would say nothing of it, that he might have time and liberty to choose his successor, without being importuned for others whom he should not like:" and that he hath chosen Mr. Wren, which I am glad of, he being a very ingenious man; and so Sir W. Coventry says of him, though he knows him little; but particularly commends him for the book he writ in answer to "Harrington's (age 56) Oceana", which, for that reason, I intend to buy. He tells me the true reason is, that he, being a man not willing to undertake more business than he can go through, and being desirous to have his whole time to spend upon the business of the Treasury, and a little for his own ease, he did desire this of the Duke of York. He assures me that the kindness with which he goes away from the Duke of York is one of the greatest joys that ever he had in the world. I used some freedom with him, telling him how the world hath discoursed of his having offended the Duke of York, about the late business of the Chancellor (age 58). He do not deny it, but says that perhaps the Duke of York might have some reason for it, he opposing him in a thing wherein he was so earnest but tells me, that, notwithstanding all that, the Duke of York does not now, nor can blame him; for he tells me that he was the man that did propose the removal of the Chancellor; and that he did still persist in it, and at this day publickly owns it, and is glad of it; but that the Duke of York knows that he did first speak of it to the Duke of York, before he spoke to any mortal creature besides, which was fair dealing: and the Duke of York was then of the same mind with him, and did speak of it to the King (age 37); though since, for reasons best known to himself, he was afterwards altered. I did then desire to know what was the great matter that grounded his desire of the Chancellor's removal? He told me many things not fit to be spoken, and yet not any thing of his being unfaithful to the King; but, 'instar omnium', he told me, that while he was so great at the Council-board, and in the administration of matters, there was no room for any body to propose any remedy to what was amiss, or to compass any thing, though never so good for the Kingdom, unless approved of by the Chancellor, he managing all things with that greatness which now will be removed, that the King may have the benefit of others' advice. I then told him that the world hath an opinion that he hath joined himself with my Baroness Castlemayne's (age 26) faction in this business; he told me, he cannot help it, but says they are in an errour: but for first he will never, while he lives, truckle under any body or any faction, but do just as his own reason and judgment directs; and, when he cannot use that freedom, he will have nothing to do in public affairs but then he added, that he never was the man that ever had any discourse with my Baroness Castlemayne, or with others from her, about this or any public business, or ever made her a visit, or at least not this twelvemonth, or been in her lodgings but when called on any business to attend the King there, nor hath had any thing to do in knowing her mind in this business. He ended all with telling me that he knows that he that serves a Prince must expect, and be contented to stand, all fortunes, and be provided to retreat, and that that he is most willing to do whenever the King shall please. And so we parted, he setting me down out of his coach at Charing Cross [Map], and desired me to tell Sir W. Pen (age 46) what he had told me of his leaving the Duke of York's service, that his friends might not be the last that know it.

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Samuel Pepys' Diary. 02 Sep 1667. I took a coach and went homewards; but then turned again, and to White Hall, where I met with many people; and, among other things, do learn that there is some fear that Mr. Bruncker is got into the King's favour, and will be cherished there; which will breed ill will between the King (age 37) and Duke of York (age 33), he lodging at this time in White Hall since he was put away from the Duke of York: and he is great with Bab. May (age 39), my Baroness Castlemayne (age 26), and that wicked crew. But I find this denied by Sir G. Carteret (age 57), who tells me that he is sure he hath no kindness from the King; that the King at first, indeed, did endeavour to persuade the Duke of York from putting him away; but when, besides this business of his ill words concerning his Majesty in the business of the Chancellor (age 58), he told him that he hath had, a long time, a mind to put him away for his ill offices, done between him and his wife, the King held his peace, and said no more, but wished him to do what he pleased with him; which was very noble.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 02 Sep 1667. I met with Fenn; and he tells me, as I do hear from some others, that the business of the Chancellor's (age 58) had proceeded from something of a mistake, for the Duke of York (age 33) did first tell the King (age 37) that the Chancellor had a desire to be eased of his great trouble; and that the King, when the Chancellor come to him, did wonder to hear him deny it, and the Duke of York was forced to deny to the King that ever he did tell him so in those terms: but the King did answer that he was sure that he did say some such thing to him; but, however, since it had gone so far, did desire him to be contented with it, as a thing very convenient for him as well as for himself (the King), and so matters proceeded, as we find. Now it is likely the Chancellor might, some time or other, in a compliment or vanity, say to the Duke of York, that he was weary of this burden, and I know not what; and this comes of it. Some people, and myself among them, are of good hope from this change that things are reforming; but there are others that do think but that it is a hit of chance, as all other our greatest matters are, and that there is no general plot or contrivance in any number of people what to do next, though, I believe, Sir W. Coventry (age 39) may in himself have further designs; and so that, though other changes may come, yet they shall be accidental and laid upon [not] good principles of doing good. Mr. May shewed me the King's new buildings, in order to their having of some old sails for the closing of the windows this winter. I dined with Sir G. Carteret (age 57), with whom dined Mr. Jack Ashburnham and Dr. Creeton, who I observe to be a most good man and scholar. In discourse at dinner concerning the change of men's humours and fashions touching meats, Mr. Ashburnham (age 63) told us, that he remembers since the only fruit in request, and eaten by the King and Queen (age 28) at table as the best fruit, was the Katharine payre, though they knew at the time other fruits of France and our own country.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 02 Sep 1667. After dinner comes in Mr. Townsend; and there I was witness of a horrid rateing, which Mr. Ashburnham (age 63), as one of the Grooms of the King's Bedchamber, did give him for want of linen for the King's person; which he swore was not to be endured, and that the King (age 37) would not endure it, and that the King his father, would have hanged his Wardrobe-man should he have been served so the King having at this day no handkerchers, and but three bands to his neck, he swore. Mr. Townsend answered want of money, and the owing of the linen-draper £5000; and that he hath of late got many rich things made-beds, and sheets, and saddles, and all without money, and he can go no further but still this old man, indeed, like an old loving servant, did cry out for the King's person to be neglected. But, when he was gone, Townsend told me that it is the grooms taking away the King's linen at the quarter's end, as their fees, which makes this great want: for, whether the King can get it or no, they will run away at the quarter's end with what he hath had, let the King get more as he can. All the company gone, Sir G. Carteret (age 57) and I to talk: and it is pretty to observe how already he says that he did always look upon the Chancellor (age 58) indeed as his friend, though he never did do him any service at all, nor ever got any thing by him, nor was he a man apt, and that, I think, is true, to do any man any kindness of his own nature; though I do know that he was believed by all the world to be the greatest support of Sir G. Carteret with the King of any man in England: but so little is now made of it! He observes that my Lord Sandwich (age 42) will lose a great friend in him; and I think so too, my Lord Hinchingbrooke (age 19) being about a match calculated purely out of respect to my Chancellor's family.

John Evelyn's Diary. 02 Sep 1669. I was this day very ill of a pain in my limbs, which continued most of this week, and was increased by a visit I made to my old acquaintance, the Earl of Norwich (age 54), at his house in Epping Forest, Essex, where are many good pictures put into the wainscot of the rooms, which Mr. Baker, his Lordship's predecessor there, brought out of Spain; especially the History of Joseph, a picture of the pious and learned Picus Mirandula, and an incomparable one of old Breugel. The gardens were well understood, I mean the potager. I returned late in the evening, ferrying over the water at Greenwich, Kent [Map].

John Evelyn's Diary. 02 Sep 1676. I paid £1,700 to the Marquis de Sissac, which he had lent to my Lord Berkeley (age 48), and which I heard the Marquis lost at play in a night or two.

John Evelyn's Diary. 02 Sep 1680. There are besides many pompous volumes, some embossed with gold, and intaglios on agates, medals, etc. I spent three or four entire days, locked up, and alone, among these books and curiosities. In the rest of the private lodgings contiguous to this, are divers of the best pictures of the great masters, Raphael, Titian, etc., and in my esteem, above all, the "Noli me tangere" of our blessed Savior to Mary Magdalen after his Resurrection, of Hans Holbein; than which I never saw so much reverence and kind of heavenly astonishment expressed in a picture.

John Evelyn's Diary. 02 Sep 1685. Lord Clarendon (Lord Privy Seale) wrote to let me know that the King being pleas'd to send him Lord Lieutenant into Ireland, was also pleas'd to nominate me one of the Commissrs to execute ye office of Privy Seale during his Lieutenancy there, it behoving me to wait upon his Ma* to give him thanks for this greate honour.

On 19 Nov 1698 Henry Spelman of Wickmere (age 69) died. On 02 Sep 1729 Margaret Spelman (age 50). Monument and chest tomb in Church of St Andrew, Wickmere [Map].

Henry Spelman of Wickmere: On 14 Jul 1629 he was born to Clement Spelman.

Margaret Spelman: Around 1648 she was born to Clement Spelman.

John Evelyn's Diary. 02 Sep 1701. Died the Earl of Bath (deceased), whose contest with Lord Montague (age 40) about the Duke of Albemarle's estate, claiming under a will supposed to have been forged, is said to have been worth £10,000 to the lawyers. His eldest son shot himself a few days after his father's death; for what cause is not clear. He was a most hopeful young man, and had behaved so bravely against the Turks at the siege of Vienna, that the Emperor made him a Count of the Empire. It was falsely reported that Sir Edward Seymour (age 68) was dead, a great man; he had often been Speaker, Treasurer of the Navy, and in many other lucrative offices. He was of a hasty spirit, not at all sincere, but head of the party at any time prevailing in Parliament.

John Evelyn's Diary. 02 Sep 1701. The death of King James (age 67), happening on the 15th of this month, N. S., after two or three days' indisposition, put an end to that unhappy Prince's troubles, after a short and unprosperous reign, indiscreetly attempting to bring in Popery, and make himself absolute, in imitation of the French, hurried on by the impatience of the Jesuits; which the nation would not endure.

Calendar of Treasury Warrants 1718 Sep. 02 Sep 1718. Royal sign manual for 1,000l. to Paty Byng, Esq.: without account: as a mark of royal favour in consideration of his service in bringing letters from our Admiral Sir George Byng (age 55) with a particular account of the engagement [1718 Battle of Cape Passaro] with the Spanish Fleet off Cape Passaro the 31st July last. (Money warrant dated Sept. 3 hereon.) (Money order dated Sept. 3 hereon.) (Letter of direction dated Sept. 5 hereon.) King's Warrant Book XXIX, p. 104. Order Book X, p. 157. Disposition Book XXIV, p. 147.

On 02 Sep 1752 Great Britain and Ireland adopted the Gregorian Calendar and corrected the date losing eleven days. Wednesday 02 Sep 1752 was followed by Thursday 14 Sep 1752. The tax year requiring 365 days slipped from commencing on 25 March, Lady Day, to 05 April as a consequence.

On 02 Sep 1753 Maria Joséphine of Savoy was born to Victor Amadeus III King Sardinia (age 27) and Infanta Maria Antonia Spain (age 23). She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland.

Births on the 2nd September

Before 02 Sep 1602 Frances Coke Viscountess Purbeck was born to Edward Coke (age 50) and Elizabeth Cecil Lady Hatton (age 24). She was baptised on 02 Sep 1602 at St Andrew Holborn.

On 02 Sep 1746 Henry Scott 3rd Duke Buccleuch was born to Francis Scott (age 25) and Caroline Campbell 1st Baroness Greenwich (age 28). He a great x 3 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 02 Sep 1753 Maria Joséphine of Savoy was born to Victor Amadeus III King Sardinia (age 27) and Infanta Maria Antonia Spain (age 23). She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland.

On 02 Sep 1753 Admiral John Borlase Warren 1st Baronet was born to John Borlase Warren (age 53).

On 02 Sep 1766 Elizabeth Courtenay was born to William Courtenay 8th Earl Devon (age 23) and Frances Clack Countess Devon.

On 02 Sep 1784 Leicester FitzGerald Charles Stanhope 5th Earl of Harrington was born to Charles Stanhope 3rd Earl of Harrington (age 31) and Jane Fleming Countess Harrington (age 29). He a great x 3 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 02 Sep 1793 Major-General Henry Floyd 2nd Baronet was born to John Floyd 1st Baronet (age 45).

On 02 Sep 1794 John Peter Boileau 1st Baronet was born to John Peter Boileau and Henrietta Pollen.

On 02 Sep 1794 George Finch was born illegitimately to George Finch 9th Earl Winchilsea 4th Earl Nottingham (age 41).

On 02 Sep 1795 Gilbert Stuart Newton was born.

On 02 Sep 1798 Thomas Elmsley Croft 7th Baronet was born to Richard Croft 6th Baronet (age 36) and Margaret Denman.

On 02 Sep 1803 Charlotte Laura Wodehouse was born to John Wodehouse 2nd Baron Wodehouse (age 32) and Charlotte Norris Baroness Woodhouse.

On 02 Sep 1854 Henry Neville 3rd Marquess Abergavenny was born to William Neville 1st Marquess Abergavenny (age 27) and Caroline Vanden Bempte Johnston Marchioness Abergavenny.

On 02 Sep 1869 Walter James 3rd Baron Northbourne was born to Walter Henry James 2nd Baron Northbourne (age 23) and Edith Emeline Mary Lane Baroness Northbourne.

On 02 Sep 1890 Albert Nelson 6th Earl Nelson was born to Edward Nelson 5th Earl Nelson (age 30).

On 02 Sep 1911 Guy Cunard 7th Baronet was born to Alick May Cunard (age 29).

On 02 Sep 1920 Daphne Crommelin Russell was born to Hastings William Russell 12th Duke Bedford (age 31) and Louisa Crommelin Roberta Jowitt Whitwell Duchess Bedford.

Marriages on the 2nd September

On 02 Sep 1381 Frederick Wittelsbach Duke Bavaria (age 42) and Maddalena Visconti Duchess Bavaria (age 15) were married. She by marriage Duchess Bavaria. The difference in their ages was 27 years. He the son of Stephen Wittelsbach II Duke Bavaria and Elisabeth Barcelona Duchess Bavaria. He a great x 5 grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England.

On 02 Sep 1696 William Gresley 3rd Baronet (age 34) and Barbara Walcot were married.

On 02 Sep 1725 Henry Vane 1st Earl Darlington (age 20) and Grace Fitzroy Countess Darlington (age 28) were married. She the daughter of Charles Fitzroy 1st Duke Southampton 2nd Duke Cleveland (age 63) and Anne Pulteney Duchess Southampton Duchess of Cleveland (age 61). She a granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 02 Sep 1750 Vice-Admiral Peter Denis 1st Baronet (age 37) and Elizabeth Pappet were married.

On 02 Sep 1873 Robert Bermingham Clements 4th Earl of Leitrim (age 26) and Winifred Coke Countess of Leitrim (age 22) were married at Walsingha, possibly Walsingham Priory [Map]. She the daughter of Thomas Coke 2nd Earl of Leicester (age 50) and Juliana Whitbread Countess Leicester. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 02 Sep 1885 William Cecil (age 30) and Mary Rothes Tyssen-Amherst 2nd Baroness Amherst (age 28) were married. He the son of William Alleyne Cecil 3rd Marquess Exeter (age 60).

On 02 Sep 1939 George Townshend 7th Marquess Townshend (age 23) and Elizabeth Luby Marchioness Townshend were married. She by marriage Marchioness Townshend. He the son of John Townshend 6th Marquess Townshend. He a great x 3 grandson of King William IV of the United Kingdom.

On 02 Sep 1953 Eric Lubbock 4th Baron Avebury (age 24) and Kina-Maria O'Kelly de Gallagh Baroness Avebury were married.

Deaths on the 2nd September

On 02 Sep 1277 Maurice Fitzgerald 4th Lord Offaly (age 39) died at Ross, County Wexford. His nephew John Fitzgerald 1st Earl of Kildare (age 27) succeeded 4th Lord Offaly.

On 02 Sep 1375 Margaret Percy Baroness Ferrers Groby (age 45) died.

On 02 Sep 1399 Humphrey Plantagenet 2nd Earl Buckingham (age 18) died. He was buried at Waldon Priory and Abbey [Map]. Earl Buckingham extinct.

On 02 Sep 1473 Elizabeth Scales Countess Rivers died. Baron Scales extinct.

On 02 Sep 1574 Anne Wentworth Baroness Wentworth died.

On 02 Sep 1607 Dorothy Port Countess Huntingdon died.

On 02 Sep 1680 Francis Wenman 1st Baronet (age 50) died. His son Richard Wenman 4th Viscount Wenman (age 23) succeeded 2nd Baronet Wenman of Caswell.

On 02 Sep 1692 Sarah Alston Duchess Somerset (age 50) died.

On 02 Sep 1740 John Chichester 4th Baronet (age 52) died. His son John Chichester 5th Baronet (age 19) succeeded 5th Baronet Chichester of Raleigh in Devon.

On 02 Sep 1754 Tancred Robinson 3rd Baronet (age 69) died. He was buried at St Crux Church, York where there was a sarcophagus with Lord Mayor's regalia in relief on side, surmounted by seated cherub with portrait medallion, cross-staff, anchors, cannon etc., obelisk-shaped marble slab behind with cartouche-of-arms of Robinson with escutcheon of pretence of Norton, and below shaped apron with inscription, signed Robt. Avray Eboraci Sculpt. His son William Robinson 4th Baronet (age 41) succeeded 4th Baronet Robinson of Newby in Yorkshire.

On 02 Sep 1768 Mary Lepell Baroness Hervey (age 68) died.

On 02 Sep 1773 Richard Schuckburgh (age 50) died. He appears to have died three weeks after his brother Charles Schuckburgh 5th Baronet (deceased) in which case should have become 6th Baronet?

On 02 Sep 1784 Robert Eden 1st Baronet (age 42) died. His son Frederick Morton Eden 2nd Baronet (age 18) succeeded 2nd Baronet Eden of Maryland.

On 02 Sep 1831 Mary Isabella Somerset Duchess Rutland (age 75) died.

On 02 Sep 1884 Elizabeth Frances Jocelyn Viscountess Powerscout (age 70) died.

On 02 Sep 1919 Georges Clairin (age 75) died.

On 02 Sep 1925 William Charles Cooper 3rd Baronet Cooper (age 73) died. His son William Cooper 4th Baronet (age 47) succeeded 4th Baronet Cooper of Woollahra in New South Wales.

On 02 Sep 1926 Edith Georgiana Turnor Countess Cawdor (age 82) died.

On 02 Sep 1938 Henry Lopes 2nd Baron Ludlow (age 69) died. Baron Ludlow of Heywood in Wiltshire extinct.

On 02 Sep 1966 Nell Vere Stead Duchess Manchester (age 64) died.

On 02 Sep 1971 Mungo Murray 7th and 6th Earl of Mansfield (age 71) died. His son William Murray 8th and 7th Earl Mansfield (age 41) succeeded 8th Earl Mansfield in Middlesex, 7th Earl Mansfield in Nottinghamshire, 12th Viscount Stormont.