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On this Day in History ... 11th September

11 Sep is in September.

1297 Battle of Stirling Bridge

1348-1350 Black Death Plague Outbreak

1535 Sweating Sickness Outbreak

1547 Battle of Pinkie Cleugh

1649 Siege of Drogheda

1709 Battle of Malplaquet

See Births, Marriages and Deaths.

Events on the 11th September

On 11 Sep 1161 Melisende Queen of Jerusalem (age 56) died. Her son Baldwin III King Jerusalem (age 31) succeeded King Jerusalem.

On 11 Sep 1261 King Magnus VI of Norway (age 23) and Queen Ingeborg of Norway (age 17) were married. She the daughter of King Eric IV of Denmark and Jutta of Saxony (age 38).

Lanercost Chronicle. 11 Sep 1297. When this had been done and the greater part of the army had been dismissed, the Steward brought them to the bridge of Stirling, where on the other side of the water the army of Scotland was posted. They [the Scots] allowed as many of the English to cross the bridge as they could hope to overcome, and then, having blocked the bridge1, they slaughtered all who had crossed over, among whom perished the Treasurer of England, Hugh de Cressingham, of whose skin William Wallace caused a broad strip to be taken from the head to the heel, to make therewith a baldrick for his sword1. The Earl of Warenne escaped with difficulty and with a small following, so hotly did the enemy pursue them. After this the Scots entered Berwick and put to death the few English that they found therein; for the town was then without walls, and might be taken as easily by English or Scots coming in force. The castle of the town, however, was not surrendered on this occasion.

Note 1. Ponte obturato i.e. with the bridge blocked.

Note 2. Other writers say the skin was cut up into horse-girths.

John of Fordun's Chronicle of the Scottish Nation Book 4 Chapter 99. 11 Sep 1297. Battle of Stirling Bridge

In the year 1297, the fame of William Wallace was spread all abroad, and, at length, reached the ears of the king of England; for the loss brought upon his people was crying out. As the king, however, was intent upon many troublesome matters elsewhere, he sent his treasurer, named Hugh of Clissingham, with a large force to repress this William's boldness, and to bring the kingdom of Scotland under his sway. When, therefore, he heard of this man's arrival, the aforesaid William, then busy besieging the English who were in Dundee Castle, straightway intrusted the care and charge of the siege of the castle to the burgesses of that town, on pain of loss of life and limb, and, with his army, marched on, with all haste, towards Strivelyn (Stirling), to meet this Hugh. A battle was then fought, on the 11th of September, near Strivelyn (Stirling), at the bridge over the Forth. Hugh of Clissingham was killed, and all his army put to flight: some of them were slain with the sword, others taken, others drowned in the waters. But, through God, they were all overcome; and the aforesaid William gained a happy victory, with no little praise. Of the nobles, on his side, the noble Andrew of Moray alone, the father of Andrew, fell wounded.

Scalacronica. 11 Sep 1297. And the following winter, the said William Wallace burnt all Northumberland. The Earl of Warenne (age 66), who was Keeper of Scotland for the King of England, being in the south1, turned towards Scotland; where at the bridge of Stirling he was defeated by William Wallace, who, being at hand in order of battle2, allowed so many of the English as he pleased to cross over the said bridge, and, at the right moment3, attacked them, caused the bridge to be broken, where many of the English perished, with Hugh de Cressingham, the King's Treasurer; and it was said that the Scots caused him to be flayed, and in token of hatred made girths of his skin. The Earl of Warenne took flight to Berwick. William Wallace, to whom the Scots adhered, immediately after this discomfiture, followed4 the said Earl of Warenne in great force, and skirting Berwick, arrived on Hutton Moor in order of battle; but perceiving the English arrayed to oppose him, he came no nearer to Berwick, but retired and bivouacked in Duns Park5.

Note 1. Warenne, or Surrey, which was his principal title, had been recalled on 18th August for service with King Edward on the Continent, and Sir Brian Fitz Alan was appointed Keeper of Scotland in his place. But Sir Brian having raised a difficulty about his salary (£1128 8s.), the Prince of Wales wrote on 7th Sept., 1298, requiring Surrey to remain at his post. (See Stevenson's Documents illustrative of the History of Scotland, ii. 230.)

Note 2. En batailA soun point. i.e., in force or in order of battle; used in both senses.

Note 3. A soun point. i.e.

Note 4. Suyst, misprinted fuyst in Maitland Club Ed.

Note 5. Not Duns Park on Whitadder, but in a place which then bore that name a little to the north of Berwick.

Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough Voume 2. [11 Sep 1297]. After a long time, when the earl finally awoke from his sleep and all were armed in the field, he knighted new men there, some of whom fell the same day. Meanwhile, our infantry crossed over again, but returned once more because the Steward of Scotland and the Earl of Lennox arrived with only a few men, not with the sixty armed horsemen as had been agreed. Our men believed them to be bearers of good news, but they excused themselves both for the previous failure and for their inability to pacify their own people, saying they could neither seize their horses nor their weapons from them.

Cumque post magnam horam surrexisset a somno, essentque omnes in campo armati, fecit ibidem novos milites, quorum quidam eadem die corruerunt. Interimque transierunt pedestres nostri, et iterato reversi sunt eo quod senescallus Scotiæ et comes de Levenax veniebant cum paucis quidem et non cum LX armatis ut convenerant, credebantque nostri ipsos fore bajulos boni nuncii, sed excusaverunt se et in facto prædicto et quod gentem propriam justificare non possent, dicentes se non posse ab eis eripere nec equos nec arma.

On 11 Sep 1297 the combined forces of Andrew Moray and William Wallace defeated the forces of John Warenne 6th Earl of Surrey (age 66) near Stirling Bridge, Stirling during the Battle of Stirling Bridge. After around half the English had crossed the narrow bridge the Scots attacked subjecting the English to a significant defeat.

In Jun 1348 the 1348-1350 Black Death Plague Outbreak arrived in England. The first of many occurrences. It is estimated to have killed between 25 to 60 percent of the population of around six million. The outbreak lasted through 1349 recurring in 1362, 1369 and regularly thereafter until its last significant outbreak in The Great Plague of 1666.

On 11 Sep 1349 Bonne Luxemburg Queen Consort France (age 34) died of plague in Maubisson, Pontoise.

Letters and Papers 1535. 11 Sep 1535. R. O. 341. John Gostwyk to Cromwell.

This day I received your letter on horseback going home, and have delivered the three merchants the 20s. as the King's reward, as I am not to break the sum that came from York. As to your marvel that I have not received from the archbishop of Canterbury and the abbot of Westminster the money due to the King, I cannot see how I shall get it till next term. The Abbot's money is not yet due. On my return I shall quicken the Archbishop and other debtors with sharp letters, as you command, to pay up instantly. Concerning the killing and bestowing of your stag in the duke of Suffolk's park, I have already advertised you. By the Lord Mayor's certificate which I send you will see that the plague increases. London, Saturday, 11 Sept. Signed.

P. 1. Add.: Secretary. Endd.

Tudor Tracts Chapter 4. Sunday the 11th of September [1547]. In the morning, a great sort [company] of us rode to the place of onset, where our men lay slain: and, what by gentlemen for their friends, and servants for their masters, all of them that were known to be ours were buried.

In the meantime, the Master and Officers of the Ordnance, did very diligently get together all the Scottish ordnance: which, because it lay in sundry places, they could not in [bring in] all overnight. And these were in number, a thirty pieces: whereof one culverin, three sakers, and nine smaller pieces were of brass; and of iron, seventeen pieces more, mounted on carriages.

These things thus done. Somewhat afore noon, our camp raised. We marched along the Frith side, straight towards Leith; and approaching nigh the same about three o'clock in the afternoon, we pight [pitched] our field [i.e., the camp] a prick shot on this side the town, being on the south-east half, somewhat shadowed from Edinburgh by a hill [Calton Hill], but the most of it lying within the full sight and shot of the Castle there, and in distance somewhat above a quarter of a mile.

My Lord's Grace, guarded but with a small company, was come to Leith well-nigh half an hour before the army; which he found all desolate of resistance, or anybody else. There were in the haven that runneth unto the midst of the town, a thirteen vessels of divers sorts. Somewhat of oade, wines, wainscot, and salt were found in the town: but as but little of that, so nothing else of value. For how much of other things as could well be carried, the inhabitants, overnight, had packed away with them.

My Lord Marshal and most of our horsemen were bestowed and lodged in the town. My Lord's Grace, my Lord Lieutenant, and the rest of the army in the camp.

Holinshed's Chronicle 1547. [11 Sep 1547]. The next daie being sundaie the eleuenth of September, somewhat before noone, the armie remooued, & marching along the Forth side toward Lieth about three of the clocke in the after noone pitched their field, a pricke shot on this side that towne on the southeast halfe, somewhat shadowed from Edenburgh by a hill, but yet the most part of it laie within the full sight and shot of the castell there, and in distance somewhat aboue a quarter of a mile. The lord marshall, and the most part of the horssemen wer [...] bestowed and lodged in the towne of Lieth. The dukes grace, the lord lieutenant, and the rest of the armie in the campe. On tuesdaie the thirteenth of September, the smaller vessels of the English flée [...] burned Kinkorne, and a towne or two standing on the north shore of the Forth against Lieth.

In the after noone the dukes grace rowed vp the Forth a six or seuen miles westward, as it runneth into the land, and tooke in his waie an Iland there called saint Cooms ins, which lieth foure miles beyond Lieth, and a good waie neerer the north shore than the south, yet not within a mile of the néerest. It is but halfe a mile about, and had in it an abbeie, but the moonks were gone: fresh water inough, and store of conies, and is so naturallie strong, that but by one waie it can be entred; the plot whereof the lord protector considering, did quicklie cast to haue it kept, whereby all traffike of merchandize, all commodities else comming by the Forth into their land, and vtterlie the whole vse of the Forth it selfe, with all the hauens vpon it, should quite be taken from them.

Diary of Anne Clifford 1616. 11 Sep 1616. Upon the 11th Mr Sandford went to London by whom I sent a very earnest letter to my Lord (age 27) that I might come up to London1.

Note 1. Upon the 18th died my Lady Margaret’s old Beagle.

On 11 Sep 1627 General John Burgh (age 45) was killed in action during the siege of the citadel of St. Martin, on the Île de Rhé.

Diary of Isabella Twysden 1645. the 11 of Sep 1645 prince rupert (age 25) delivered up bristoll on treaty to Sr Tho: farfax (age 33) for the parlement.

Between 03 Sep 1649 and 11 Sep 1649, Drogheda [Map], under the command of the Royalist Arthur Aston (age 59), was besieged by the Parliamentary army commanded by Oliver Cromwell (age 50).

On 11 Sep 1649 Oliver Cromwell had a letter delivered to Sir Arthur Aston, which proposed his Aston's surrender; Aston refused.

At 5:00 PM Cromwell ordered simultaneous assaults on the southern and eastern breaches in the walls of Drogheda.

At the southern breach, the defenders counterattacked. The death of their commander, Colonel Wall, caused them to fall back, allowing further Parliamentary reinforcements to be funnelled into the breach. In the fighting at the walls some 150 Parliamentarian troops, including Colonel Castle, were killed.

After the death of Colonel Wall with more and more Parliamentary soldiers streaming into the breaches, the Royalist resistance at the walls collapsed.

In Cromwell's words, "In the heat of the action, I forbade them [his soldiers] to spare any that were in arms in the town...and, that night they put to the sword about two thousand men".

The execution of Royalists constinued as and when they were discovered.

Around one hundred Royalists were discovered in St Peter's Church - Cromwell ordered the church and those inside to be burned.

Arthur Aston was killed.

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Samuel Pepys' Diary. 11 Sep 1660. At Sir W. Batten's (age 59) with Sir W. Pen (age 39) we drank our morning draft, and from thence for an hour in the office and dispatch a little business. Dined at Sir W. Batten's, and by this time I see that we are like to have a very good correspondence and neighbourhood, but chargeable. All the afternoon at home looking over my carpenters. At night I called Thos. Hater out of the office to my house to sit and talk with me. After he was gone I caused the girl to wash the wainscot of our parlour, which she did very well, which caused my wife and I good sport. Up to my chamber to read a little, and wrote my Diary for three or four days past. The Duke of York did go to-day by break of day to the Downs. The Duke of Gloucester (age 20) ill. The House of Parliament was to adjourn to-day. I know not yet whether it be done or no. To bed.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 11 Sep 1667. But here come Mr. Moore, and sat and discoursed with me of publique matters: the sum of which is, that he do doubt that there is more at the bottom than the removal of the Chancellor (age 58); that is, he do verily believe that the King (age 37) do resolve to declare the Duke of Monmouth (age 18) legitimate, and that we shall soon see it. This I do not think the Duke of York (age 33) will endure without blows; but his poverty, and being lessened by having the Chancellor fallen and Sir W. Coventry (age 39) gone from him, will disable him from being able to do any thing almost, he being himself almost lost in the esteem of people; and will be more and more, unless my Chancellor, who is already begun to be pitied by some people, and to be better thought of than was expected, do recover himself in Parliament. He would seem to fear that this difference about the Crowne (if there be nothing else) will undo us. He do say that, that is very true; that my Lord [Chancellor] did lately make some stop of some grants of £2000 a-year to my Lord Grandison (age 50), which was only in his name, for the use of my Baroness Castlemaine's (age 26) children; and that this did incense her, and she did speak very scornful words, and sent a scornful message to him about it.

On 11 Sep 1674 Anna Maria Josepha Habsburg Spain was born to Leopold Habsburg Spain I Holy Roman Emperor (age 34) and Claudia Felicitas of Holy Roman Empress (age 21). She died three months later on 21 Dec 1674. Coefficient of inbreeding 5.35%.

On 11 Sep 1709 at the Battle of Maplaquet Colonel Edmund Revett and John Murray (age 25) were killed.

On 11 Sep 1880 María de las Mercedes Bourbon was born to Alfonso XII King Spain (age 22) and Maria Christina of Austria Queen Consort Spain (age 22). Coefficient of inbreeding 1.78%.

On 08 Sep 1945 Cecil Reginald John Manners (age 77) committed suicide by jumping in front of a train at Crowborough Railway Station Crowborough East Sussex.

The Liverpool Echo reported on the 11 Sep 1945: "A fully loaded six-chambered revolver was found on the body of a man believed to be Lord Cecil Manners, it wa stated at the inquest at Cromborough (Sussex), to-day. The man was killed by a train at Crowborough Station on Saturday. Detective-Constable Gray said he found an identity card on the body with the name Cecil R. J. Manners. A visiting card bore the name of Lord Cecil Manners, Tunbridge Wells. The coroner said he was satisfied that the man was Lord Cecil Manners. He recorded a verdict of "Death by decapitation by throwing himself in front of a train while the balance of mind was disturbed."

Births on the 11th September

On 11 Sep 1318 Eleanor Plantagenet Countess Arundel and Surrey was born to Henry Plantagenet 3rd Earl of Leicester 3rd Earl Lancaster (age 37) and Maud Chaworth (age 36). She a great granddaughter of King Henry III of England.

On 11 Sep 1364 Charles Metz II Duke Lorraine was born to John Metz I Duke Lorraine (age 18) and Sophie Württemberg Duchess Lorraine (age 21).

On 11 Sep 1476 Louise of Savoy Countess Angoulême was born to Philip "Landless" Savoy II Duke Savoy (age 38) and Margaret Bourbon (age 37). Coefficient of inbreeding 3.19%.

On 11 Sep 1573 Elizabeth West was born to Thomas West 2nd Baron De La Warr (age 17) and Anne Knollys Baroness De La Warr (age 18).

On 11 Sep 1652 Luise Hesse-Kassel was born to Wilhelm "The Just" VI Hesse-Kassel (age 23) and Hedwig Sophia Hohenzollern (age 29).

On 11 Sep 1674 Anna Maria Josepha Habsburg Spain was born to Leopold Habsburg Spain I Holy Roman Emperor (age 34) and Claudia Felicitas of Holy Roman Empress (age 21). She died three months later on 21 Dec 1674. Coefficient of inbreeding 5.35%.

Before 11 Sep 1677 John Eden 2nd Baronet was born to Robert Eden 1st Baronet and Margaret Lambton. He was baptised on 11 Sep 1677.

On or before 11 Sep 1677 John Cordell 3rd Baronet was born to John Cordell 2nd Baronet (age 31).

On 11 Sep 1679 Leopold Duke of Lorraine was born to Charles V Duke of Lorraine (age 36) at Palace of Innsbruck, Innsbruck.

On 11 Sep 1717 Henry Granville was born to Richard Granville (age 39).

On or before 11 Sep 1722 Thomas Haggerston 4th Baronet was born to Carnaby Haggerston 3rd Baronet (age 25). he was baptised on 11 Sep 1722.

On 11 Sep 1725 George Seymour was born to Algernon Seymour 7th Duke of Somerset (age 40) and Frances Thynne Duchess Somerset (age 26).

On 11 Sep 1739 Hugh Carleton 1st Viscount Carleton was born.

On 11 Sep 1747 Frederick Hesse-Kassel was born to Frederick Hesse-Kassel (age 27) and Mary Hanover (age 24). He a grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.

On 11 Sep 1751 Charlotte Saxe Meiningen Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg was born to Anton Ulrich Duke of Saxe Meiningen (age 63).

On 11 Sep 1755 Charlotte Dillon Countess Kenmare was born to Henry Dillon 11th Viscount Dillon (age 50) and Charlotte Lee Viscountess Dillon (age 31). She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 11 Sep 1783 Edward Murray was born to John Murray 4th Duke Atholl (age 27).

On 11 Sep 1786 Reverend John Earle Welby was born to William Earle Welby 1st Baronet (age 52) and Elizabeth Cope Lady Welby (age 28).

On 11 Sep 1834 Henry Fitzwarine Chichester was born to Edward Chichester 4th Marquess Donegal (age 35) and Amelia Ogrady Marchioness County Donegal.

On 11 Sep 1842 George Frederick Greville-Nugent was born to Fulke Southwell Greville-Nugent 1st Baron Greville (age 21) and Rosa Emily Nugent Baroness Greville (age 28).

On 11 Sep 1843 Georges Clairin was born.

On 11 Sep 1873 Claude Champion de Crespigny was born to Claude Champion de Crespigny 4th Baronet (age 26) and Louisa Margaret McKerrall.

On 11 Sep 1880 María de las Mercedes Bourbon was born to Alfonso XII King Spain (age 22) and Maria Christina of Austria Queen Consort Spain (age 22). Coefficient of inbreeding 1.78%.

On 11 Sep 1883 William John Lydston Poulett 7th Earl Poulett was born to William Henry Paulett 6th Earl Paulett (age 55) and Rosa Melville Countess Poulett.

On 11 Sep 1896 Robert Abdy 5th Baronet was born to Henry Abdy 4th Baronet (age 43) and Anna Adele Coronn.

On 11 Sep 1917 Jessica Lucy Mitford was born to David Freeman-Mitford 2nd Baron Redesdale (age 39) and Sydney Bowles (age 37).

On 11 Sep 1937 Valentine Abdy 6th Baronet was born to Robert Abdy 5th Baronet (age 41) and Helen Diana Bridgeman (age 30).

Marriages on the 11th September

On 11 Sep 1261 King Magnus VI of Norway (age 23) and Queen Ingeborg of Norway (age 17) were married. She the daughter of King Eric IV of Denmark and Jutta of Saxony (age 38).

On 11 Sep 1705 Edward Leigh 3rd Baron Leigh (age 21) and Mary Holbech Baroness Leigh were married.

On 11 Sep 1735 Edward Dering 5th Baronet (age 30) and Mary Fotherby Lady Dering were married at St Anne's Church, Soho [Map].

On 11 Sep 1768 George Bowyer 5th and 1st Baronet (age 28) and Margaret Price Lady Downing were married. No issue.

Before 11 Sep 1786 William Earle Welby 1st Baronet (age 52) and Elizabeth Cope Lady Welby (age 28) were married. The difference in their ages was 24 years.

On 11 Sep 1856 Frederick Christian Oldenburg II Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg (age 27) and Adelheid Hohenlohe Langenburg Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg were married. She by marriage Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg. He the son of Christian August Oldenburg II Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg (age 58) and Louise Sophie Danneskiold Samsøe Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg. He a great x 3 grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.

Before 11 Sep 1873 Claude Champion de Crespigny 4th Baronet (age 26) and Louisa Margaret McKerrall were married.

Deaths on the 11th September

On 11 Sep 1161 Melisende Queen of Jerusalem (age 56) died. Her son Baldwin III King Jerusalem (age 31) succeeded King Jerusalem.

On 11 Sep 1188 Alice D'Aubigny Countess Eu died.

In Jun 1348 the 1348-1350 Black Death Plague Outbreak arrived in England. The first of many occurrences. It is estimated to have killed between 25 to 60 percent of the population of around six million. The outbreak lasted through 1349 recurring in 1362, 1369 and regularly thereafter until its last significant outbreak in The Great Plague of 1666.

On 11 Sep 1349 Bonne Luxemburg Queen Consort France (age 34) died of plague in Maubisson, Pontoise.

On 11 Sep 1623 Margaret Hamilton Countess Angus (age 38) died.

On 11 Sep 1677 William Crofts 1st Baron Crofts (age 66) died. Baron Crofts of Saxham extinct.

On 11 Sep 1679 Edward Sebright 2nd Baronet (age 34) died. His son Edward Sebright 3rd Baronet (age 11) succeeded 3rd Baronet Sebright of Besford in Worcestershire.

On 04 Sep 1717 Henry Bendish 4th Baronet (age 43) died. He was buried at St Mary's Church, Steeple Bumstead on 11 Sep 1717. Baronet Bendish of Steeple Bumstead in Essex extinct.

Before 11 Sep 1734 Elizabeth "Mad Duchess" Cavendish Duchess Albermarle Duchess of Montagu (age 80) died. On 11 Sep 1734 she was buried at Westminster Abbey [Map].

On 11 Sep 1748 Dorothy Maynard Lady Haselrigge (age 80) died.

On 11 Sep 1768 George Trevelyan 3rd Baronet (age 60) died. His son John Trevelyan 4th Baronet (age 33) succeeded 4th Baronet Trevelyan of Nettlecombe.

On 11 Sep 1783 John Shelley 5th Baronet (age 53) died. His son John Shelley 6th Baronet (age 11) succeeded 6th Baronet Shelley of Mitchelgrove in Sussex.

On 11 Sep 1785 Thomas Reynolds 2nd Baron Ducie (age 51) died. His brother Francis Reynolds-Moreton 3rd Baron Ducie (age 46) succeeded 3rd Baron Ducie.

On 11 Sep 1810 Francis Baring 1st Baronet (age 70) died. His son Thomas Baring 2nd Baronet (age 38) succeeded 2nd Baronet Baring of Larkbeer in Devon. Mary Ursula Sealy Lady Baring (age 36) by marriage Lady Baring of Larkbeer in Devon.

On 11 Sep 1827 Nicholas Ward 2nd Viscount Bangor (age 76) died unmarried. His nephew Edward Ward 3rd Viscount Bangor (age 37) succeeded 3rd Viscount Bangor of Castleward in County Downe.

On 11 Sep 1845 Mary Beauclerk Countess Coventry (age 54) died.

On 11 Sep 1858 Sarah Dunn-Gardner Marchioness Townshend died.

On 11 Sep 1869 Emily Lamb Countess Cowper (age 82) died.

On 11 Sep 1892 Arthur Algernon Capell 6th Earl Essex (age 89) died. His grandson George Capell 7th Earl of Essex (age 34) succeeded 7th Earl Essex, 8th Baron Capell Hadham.

On 11 Sep 1921 Prince Louis of Battenburg 1st Marquess Milford Haven (age 67) died. His son George Mountbatten 2nd Marquess Milford Haven (age 28) succeeded 2nd Marquess Milford Haven. Nadejda Mikhailovna Torby Marchioness Milford Haven (age 25) by marriage Marchioness Milford Haven.

On 11 Sep 2001 Henry Herbert 7th Earl of Carnarvon (age 77) died. His son George Herbert 8th Earl of Carnarvon (age 44) succeeded 8th Earl Carnarvon, 8th Baron Porchester.