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On this Day in History ... 17th December

17 Dec is in December.

942 Assassination of William "Longsword"

1290 Eleanor Crosses

1399 Epiphany Rising

1538 Henry VIII Excommunicated

1664 Comet

1665 Great Plague of London

1688 Glorious Revolution

1903 First Powered Flight

See Births, Marriages and Deaths.

Events on the 17th December

On 17 Dec 942 William "Longsword" Normandy I Duke Normandy (age 49) was assassinated at Picquigny by the followers of Arnulf "Great" I Count Flanders (age 52) with whom he was attending a peace conference. He was buried at Rouen Cathedral, Rouen. His son Richard "Fearless" Normandy I Duke Normandy (age 10) succeeded I Duke Normandy. Gunnora Countess Ponthieu by marriage Countess Ponthieu.

On 17 Dec 1399 the conspirators met at Abbey House Westminster Abbey [Map] including Thomas Blount (age 47), Thomas Despencer 1st Earl Gloucester (age 26), Thomas Holland 1st Duke Surrey (age 25), John Holland 1st Duke Exeter (age 47), Ralph Lumley 1st Baron Lumley (age 39), John Montagu 3rd Earl Salisbury (age 49), Edward 2nd Duke of York 1st Duke Albemarle (age 26), Bernard Brocas (age 45). They plotted to capture King Henry IV of England (age 32) at a Tournament in Windsor, Berkshire [Map] on the Feast of Epiphany hence the Epiphany Rising.

On 17 Dec 1419 William Gascoigne (age 69) died at Gawthorpe Hall [Map]. He was buried at All Saints Church Harewood [Map] with his wife Elizabeth Mowbray. He in judges robes with a gypciere. She wearing an elaborate Crespine Headress.

Elizabeth Mowbray: In 1350 she was born to Alexander Mowbray. Before 1396 William Gascoigne and she were married. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England. In 1396 Elizabeth Mowbray died.

On 17 Dec 1538 Henry VIII (age 47) was excommunicated by Pope Paul III (age 70).

Henry Machyn's Diary. 17 Dec 1559. The xvij day of Desember was the nuw byshope of [Canterbury,] doctur Parker (age 55), was mad ther at Lambeth.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 17 Dec 1560. The xvij day of Desember after mydnyth wher sene in the element open, and as red and flames of fyre over London, and odur plases in reme [realm], and sene of M [1000] men.... Elesabeth in the mydes .... and armes, and the over hend [end] was ...., and he had a standard and a pennon of armes, elmett, targett, and sword, mantylles and crest, and a vj [dozen scocheons] and alffe a dosen of bokeram; and ther was iij haroldes in ther cottes armurs, master Clarenshus (age 50), master Somersett .... and mony mornars in blake, a iiijxx, and master Skambler (age 40) the byshope electyd of Peterborow mad the serm[on, and so] in-to the abbey ys plase to dener.

On 17 Dec 1600 Henry IV King France (age 47) and Marie de Medici Queen Consort France (age 25) were married. She by marriage Queen Consort of France. The difference in their ages was 21 years. He the son of Antoine King Navarre and Jeanne Albret III Queen Navarre. They were fourth cousins.

On 17 Dec 1619 Prince Rupert Palatinate Simmern 1st Duke Cumberland was born to Frederick Palatinate Simmern V Elector Palatine Rhine (age 23) and Princess Elizabeth Stewart Queen Bohemia (age 23) at Prague. He a grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland.

In 1622 Francis Fane 1st Earl of Westmoreland (age 41) purchased Fulbeck Hall from George Manners 7th Earl of Rutland (age 42) who continued to live there until he became 7th Earl of Rutland on 17 Dec 1632.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 17 Dec 1661. Up and to the Paynter's (age 52) to see how he went forward in our picture. So back again to dinner at home, and then was sent for to the Privy Seal (age 55), whither I was forced to go and stay so long and late that I was much vexed. At last we got all done, and then made haste to the office, where they were sat, and there we sat late, and so home to supper and to Selden, "Mare Clausum", and so to bed.

On 17 Dec 1661 Charles Coote 1st Earl Mountrath (age 51) died of smallpox. He was buried in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin [Map].

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 17 Dec 1664. So home and to my office, where late, and then home to bed. Mighty talke there is of this Comet that is seen a'nights; and the King (age 34) and Queene (age 55) did sit up last night to see it, and did, it seems. And to-night I thought to have done so too; but it is cloudy, and so no stars appear. But I will endeavour it. Mr. Gray did tell me to-night, for certain, that the Dutch, as high as they seem, do begin to buckle; and that one man in this Kingdom did tell the King that he is offered £40,000 to make a peace, and others have been offered money also. It seems the taking of their Bourdeaux fleete thus, arose from a printed Gazette of the Dutch's boasting of fighting, and having beaten the English: in confidence whereof (it coming to Bourdeaux), all the fleete comes out, and so falls into our hands.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 17 Dec 1665. After dinner back again and to Deptford, Kent [Map] to Mr. Evelyn's (age 45), who was not within, but I had appointed my cozen Thos. Pepys of Hatcham to meet me there, to discourse about getting his £1000 of my Lord Sandwich (age 40), having now an opportunity of my having above that sum in my hands of his. I found this a dull fellow still in all his discourse, but in this he is ready enough to embrace what I counsel him to, which is, to write importunately to my Lord and me about it and I will look after it. I do again and again declare myself a man unfit to be security for such a sum. He walked with me as far as Deptford, Kent [Map] upper towne, being mighty respectfull to me, and there parted, he telling me that this towne is still very bad of the plague.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 17 Dec 1666. To dinner, and then our company all broke up, and to my chamber to do several things. Among other things, to write a letter to my Lord Sandwich (age 41), it being one of the burdens upon my mind that I have not writ to him since he went into Spain, but now I do intend to give him a brief account of our whole year's actions since he went, which will make amends. My wife well home in the evening from the play; which I was glad of, it being cold and dark, and she having her necklace of pearl on, and none but Mercer with her. Spent the evening in fitting my books, to have the number set upon each, in order to my having an alphabet of my whole, which will be of great ease to me. This day Captain Batters come from sea in his fireship and come to see me, poor man, as his patron, and a poor painful wretch he is as can be. After supper to bed.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 17 Dec 1667. Up, and to the office, where very busy all the morning, and then in the afternoon I with Sir W. Pen (age 46) and Sir T. Harvy (age 42) to White Hall to attend the Duke of York (age 34), who is now as well as ever, and there we did our usual business with him, and so away home with Sir W. Pen, and there to the office, where pretty late doing business, my wife having been abroad all day with Mrs. Turner (age 44) buying of one thing or other. This day I do hear at White Hall that the Duke of Monmouth (age 18) is sick, and in danger of the smallpox.

John Evelyn's Diary. 17 Dec 1684. Early in the morning I went into St James' Park [Map] to see three Turkish or Asian horses, newly brought over, and now first shewed to his Ma* (age 54). There were foure, but one of them died at sea, being three weekes coming from Hamborow. They were taken from a Bashaw at the siege of Vienna, at the late famous raising that leaguer. I never beheld so delicate a creature as one of them was, of somewhat a bright bay, two white feet, a blaze; such a head, eyes, cares, neck, breast, belly, haunches, legs, pasterns, and feete, in all reguards beautifull and proportion'd to admiration; spirited, proud, nimble, making halt, turning with that swiftnesse, and in so small a compasse, as was admirable. With all this so gentle and tractable as call'd to mind what I remember Busbequius speakes of them, to the reproch of our groomes in Europe, who bring up their horses so churlishly as makes most of them retain their 111 habits. They trotted like does, as if they did not feele the ground. 500 guinnies was demanded for the first; 300 for the second; and 200 for the third, wch was browne. All of them were choicely shap'd, but the two last not altogether so perfect as the first. It was judg'd by the spectators, among whom was the King, Prince of Denmark (age 31), Duke of Yorke (age 51), and several of the Court, noble persons, skill'd In horses, especialy Mons. Faubert and his sonn, (provost masters of yc Academie, and esteem'd of the best in Europe,) that there were never seene any horses in these parts to be compar'd with them. Add to all this, the furniture, consisting of embroidery on the saddle, houseings, quiver, bow, arrows, scymeter, sword, mace, or battle-axe a la Turcisq; the Bashaw's velvet mantle furr'd with the most perfect Ermine I ever beheld; all which, yron-worke in common furniture, being here of silver, curiously wrought and double gilt, to an incredible icon. Such and so extraordinary was the embrodery, that I never saw any thing approching it. The reins and headstall were of crimson silk, cover'd with chaines of silver gilt. There was also a Turkish royal standard of an horse's taile, together with all sorts of other caparisons belonging to a general's horse, by which one may estimate how gallantly and magnificently those infidels appeare in the field, for nothing could be seene more glorious. The gentleman (a German) who rid the horse was in all this garb. They were shod with yron made round and closed at the heele, with a hole in the middle about as wide as a shilling. The hoofes most intire.

John Evelyn's Diary. 17 Dec 1688. That night was a Council; his Majesty (age 38) refuses to assent to all the proposals; goes away again to Rochester, Kent [Map].

On 17 Dec 1757 Maria Anna Savoy Duchess Chablais was born to Victor Amadeus III King Sardinia (age 31) and Infanta Maria Antonia Spain (age 28). She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland.

On 17 Dec 1887 Hermine Reuss was born.

On 17 Dec 1890 Joachim Hohenzollern was born to Wilhelm Hohenzollern (age 31) and Empress Auguste Viktoria Oldenburg (age 32). He a great grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

On 17 Dec 1899 Frederick Roberts (age 27) died.

On 17 Dec 1903 the Wright brothers, Edgar and Orville, completed the first powered flight, piloted by Orville, at Kitty Hawk Dare County North Carolina.

Births on the 17th December

On 17 Dec 1550 Henry Cavendish was born to William Cavendish (age 45) and Bess of Hardwick (age 23).

On 17 Dec 1554 Ernest Wittelsbach was born to Albert V Wittelsbach V Duke Bavaria (age 26) and Anna Habsburg Spain Duchess Bavaria (age 26). Coefficient of inbreeding 1.58%.

On 17 Dec 1619 Prince Rupert Palatinate Simmern 1st Duke Cumberland was born to Frederick Palatinate Simmern V Elector Palatine Rhine (age 23) and Princess Elizabeth Stewart Queen Bohemia (age 23) at Prague. He a grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland.

On 17 Dec 1693 Marie Isabella Bourbon was born to Philippe Bourbon II Duke Orléans (age 19) and Françoise Marie Bourbon Duchess Orléans (age 16). She a great x 3 granddaughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland. Coefficient of inbreeding 7.39%.

On 17 Dec 1750 Elizabeth Berkeley Margrave Brandenburg Ansbach was born to Augustus Berkeley 4th Earl Berkeley (age 35) and Elizabeth Drax Countess Berkeley and Nugent (age 30). She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 06 Nov 1753 George Howland Beaumont 7th Baronet was born to George Beaumont 6th Baronet (age 27) and Rachel Howland (age 35) at Great Dunmow, Essex [Map]. He was baptised at St Mary's Church, Great Dunmow on 17 Dec 1753.

On 17 Dec 1757 Maria Anna Savoy Duchess Chablais was born to Victor Amadeus III King Sardinia (age 31) and Infanta Maria Antonia Spain (age 28). She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland.

On 17 Dec 1772 Francis North 6th Earl Guildford was born to Bishop Brownlow North (age 31) and Henrietta Maria Bannister (age 22).

On 17 Dec 1792 George Hayter was born to Charles Hayter (age 31).

On 17 Dec 1800 Bernhard II Duke of Saxe Meiningen was born to Georg I Duke of Saxe Meiningen (age 39).

On 17 Dec 1821 Archbishop William Connor Magee was born at Cork [Map].

On 17 Dec 1825 Thomas Woolner was born to Thomas Woolner and Rebecca Leeks in Hadleigh, Suffolk. He received his first education at Ipswich, but in his boyhood his father removed to London on obtaining an appointment in the post office.

On 17 Dec 1829 John Lawson 2nd Baronet was born to William Wright aka Lawson 1st Baronet (age 33).

On 17 Dec 1859 Paul César Helleu was born to Pierre-César Helleu and Marie-Esther Guyot at Vannes, Brittany.

On 17 Dec 1864 Douglas Henry Lane Fox-Pitt was born to Augustus Henry Fox Pitt-Rivers (age 37) and Alice Margaret Stanley (age 36).

On 17 Dec 1871 Ernest Martyn Williams was born to Frederick Martin Williams 2nd Baronet (age 41) and Mary Christian Law Lady Williams.

On 17 Dec 1873 Ford Madox Ford aka Heuffer was born to Francis Heuffer (age 28) and Catherine Emily Brown (age 23)

On 17 Dec 1887 Hermine Reuss was born.

On 17 Dec 1890 Joachim Hohenzollern was born to Wilhelm Hohenzollern (age 31) and Empress Auguste Viktoria Oldenburg (age 32). He a great grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

Marriages on the 17th December

On 17 Dec 1600 Henry IV King France (age 47) and Marie de Medici Queen Consort France (age 25) were married. She by marriage Queen Consort of France. The difference in their ages was 21 years. He the son of Antoine King Navarre and Jeanne Albret III Queen Navarre. They were fourth cousins.

On 17 Dec 1600 George Gresley 1st Baronet (age 20) and Susan Ferrers Lady Gresley were married.

On 17 Dec 1628 John Lucas 1st Baron Lucas Shenfield (age 22) and Mary Neville (age 17) were married.

On 17 Dec 1656 Gervase Clifton 1st Baronet (age 69) and Alice Hastings Lady Clifton (age 50) were married at St Andrew Undershaft, Aldgate Ward. She by marriage Lady Clifton of Clifton in Nottinghamshire. She the daughter of Henry Hastings 5th Earl Huntingdon and Elizabeth Stanley Countess Huntingdon. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland.

On 17 Dec 1657 John Campbell 1st Earl Breadalbaine and Holland (age 21) and Mary Rich (age 21) were married. She the daughter of Henry Rich 1st Earl Holland and Isabel Cope Countess Holland.

On 17 Dec 1668 John Pakington 3rd Baronet (age 19) and Margaret Keyt Lady Pakington were married.

On 17 Dec 1674 Philip "Infamous Earl" Herbert 7th Earl Pembroke 4th Earl Montgomery (age 22) and Henrietta Kéroualle Countess Pembroke and Montgomery were married. She by marriage Countess Pembroke, Countess Montgomery. He the son of Philip Herbert 5th Earl Pembroke 2nd Earl Montgomery and Catherine Villiers Countess Pembroke and Montgomery (age 53).

On 17 Dec 1681 Edward Villiers 1st Earl Jersey (age 25) and Barbara Chiffinch Countess Jersey (age 18) were married.

On 17 Dec 1749 Hugh Clifford 4th Baron Clifford Chudleigh (age 23) and Anne Lee Baroness Clifford Chudleigh (age 18) were married. She by marriage Baroness Clifford of Chudleigh in Devon. She the daughter of George Henry Lee 2nd Earl Lichfield and Frances Hales Countess Lichfield (age 52). She a great granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 17 Dec 1750 John Morgan 4th Baronet (age 40) and Anne Jacobsen Lady Morgan (age 36) were married. She by marriage Lady Morgan of Langattock in Monmouthshire.

On 17 Dec 1889 Henry Arthur Mornington Wellesley 3rd Earl Cowley (age 23) and Violet Neville Countess Cowley (age 23) were married at St George's Church, Hanover Square. She the daughter of William Neville 1st Marquess Abergavenny (age 63) and Caroline Vanden Bempte Johnston Marchioness Abergavenny. He the son of William Henry Wellesley 2nd Earl Cowley (age 55) and Emily Gwendoline Williams Countess Cowley (age 50).

On 17 Dec 1894 Edmund Byng 6th Earl Strafford (age 32) and Mary Elizabeth Colebrooke Countess Strafford (age 31) were married. He the son of Francis Edmund Cecil Byng 5th Earl Strafford (age 59) and Florence Louisa Miles.

On 17 Dec 1902 Edward Paulet Stracey 7th Baronet (age 31) and Mary Elizabeth Brinsley Sheridan Lady Stracey (age 31) were married. She by marriage Lady Stracey of Rackheath in Norfolk.

Deaths on the 17th December

On 17 Dec 942 William "Longsword" Normandy I Duke Normandy (age 49) was assassinated at Picquigny by the followers of Arnulf "Great" I Count Flanders (age 52) with whom he was attending a peace conference. He was buried at Rouen Cathedral, Rouen. His son Richard "Fearless" Normandy I Duke Normandy (age 10) succeeded I Duke Normandy. Gunnora Countess Ponthieu by marriage Countess Ponthieu.

On 17 Dec 1195 Baldwin Flanders V Count Hainault (age 45) died. His son Baldwin IX Count Flanders VI Count Hainault (age 24) succeeded 6th Count Hainault.

On 17 Dec 1466 Richard Grey 3rd Earl Tankerville (age 30) died.

On 17 Dec 1650 George Seton 3rd Earl Winton (age 66) died. His grandson George Seton 4th Earl Winton (age 9) succeeded 4th Earl Winton.

On 17 Dec 1654 William Spring 1st Baronet (age 41) died. His son William Spring 2nd Baronet (age 12) succeeded 2nd Baronet Spring of Pakenham in Suffolk.

On 17 Dec 1679 John "The Younger" Habsburg Spain (age 50) died.

On or before 17 Dec 1680, the date she was buried at St James' Church, Clerkenwell, Elizabeth Hollingworth Lady Cropley died.

On 17 Dec 1758 Charles Butler 3rd Duke Ormond (age 87) died without issue at his lodgings at Whitehall Palace [Map]. He was buried at St Margaret's Church, Westminster [Map]. Duke Ormonde, Marquess Ormonde, Earl Arran extinct. His second cousin once removed John Butler 15th Earl Ormonde de jure 16th Earl Ormonde, 8th Earl Ossory although he never used these titles.

On 17 Dec 1758 Mary Waters Lady Tynte died.

On 17 Dec 1798 Margaret Somerset aka Burr (age 70) died. She was buried with her husband Thomas Gainsborough at St Anne's Church Kew, Surrey.

On 17 Dec 1806 Thomas Beach (age 68) died in Dorchester, Dorset [Map].

On 17 Dec 1824 Elizabeth Coke Baroness Sherborne (age 71) died.

On 17 Dec 1832 Henry Blackwood 1st Baronet (age 61) died. His son Henry Blackwood 2nd Baronet (age 31) succeeded 2nd Baronet Blackwood of the Navy.

On 17 Dec 1853 Marianne Caton Marchioness Wellesley (age 65) died.

On 17 Dec 1874 George John Milles 4th Baron Sondes of Lees Court (age 80) died. His son George Milles 1st Earl Sondes (age 50) succeeded 5th Baron Sondes.

On 17 Dec 1892 Mary Amherst Baroness Egerton (age 55) died.

On 17 Dec 1892 Lionel Dawson-Damer 4th Earl of Portarlington (age 60) died.

On 17 Dec 1896 Edward Crofton 2nd Baron Crofton (age 90) died. His son Edward Crofton 3rd Baron Crofton (age 62) succeeded 3rd Baron Crofton, 4th Baronet Crofton of The Mote in Roscommon.

On 17 Dec 1899 Frederick Roberts (age 27) died.

On 17 Dec 1925 Adora Frances Olga Wells Lady Musgrave (age 76) died.

On 17 Dec 1927 Georgina Fleetwood Fuller Lady Hobhouse (age 60) died.

On 17 Dec 1983 John Meynell Alleyne 4th Baronet (age 94) died. His son Reverend John Olpherts Campbell Alleyne 5th Baronet (age 55) succeeded 5th Baronet Alleyne of Four Hills in Barbados.