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On this Day in History ... 21st December

21 Dec is in December.

1065 Death of King Edward the Confessor

1135 Coronation of King Stephen

1495 Death of Jasper Tudor Duke Bedford

1664 Comet

1800 Act of Union Peerages

1808 Battle of Sahagún

1845 Battle of Ferozeshah

See Births, Marriages and Deaths.

Events on the 21st December

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 1057. This year died Earl Ralph, on the twelfth before the calends of January [21 Dec 1057]; and lies at Peterborough [Map].

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 21 Dec 1065. About midwinter King Edward (age 62) came to Westminster, and had the minster there consecrated, which he had himself built to the honour of God, and St. Peter, and all God's saints. This church-hallowing was on Childermas-day.

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. [21 Dec 1075]. And the king (age 47) was then at Westminster, at midwinter; where all the Britons were condemned who were at the bride-ale at Norwich. Some were punished with blindness; some were driven from the land; and some were towed to Scandinavia. So were the traitors of King William subdued.

In Dec 1135 King Stephen I England (age 41) was crowned King of England by Archibishop of Canterbury William de Corbeil (age 65).

The date of his coronation described differently by many Chroniclers:

Florence of Worcester: "on the thirteenth of the calends of January" i.e. 20 Dec 1135.

Orderic Vitalis: "on the eighteenth of the calends of January" i.e. 15 Dec 1135; the editor provided a note suggesting this date is incorrect and the correct date is the 26 Dec 1135.

The Annals of Winchester: "on the 22nd day after the death of his uncle, on the 1st of January." We should note that if King Henry died on the 1st December this date would refer to the 22nd or 23rd of December.

Roger of Wendover's Flowers of History: "on the day of the proto-martyr St. Stephen" i.e. 26 Dec 1135.

Chronicle of Richard Baker: "and so upon St. Stephen's day, in Anno 1135" i.e. 26 Dec 1135.

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: "on midwinter day" i.e. probably 20th or 21st of December but possibly the 25th.

Matthew Paris Chronica Majora: "on the Feast of Saint Stephen" i.e. 26 Dec 1135.

On 21 Dec 1281 Hartmann Habsburg (age 18) drowned.

On 21 Dec 1495 Jasper Tudor 1st Duke Bedford (age 64) died at Thornbury Manor without legitimate issue. He was buried at Keynsham Abbey [Map]. Duke Bedford, Earl Pembroke extinct.

Wriothesley's Chronicle 1551. 21 Dec 1551. The 21 of December, beinge St. Thomas th' Apostles day. Lord Riche (age 54) beinge Lord Channcellor of England, the Kinges Maiesties great seale was taken from him by the Duke of Northumberland (age 47) and the Earl of Pembroke (age 50) in the afternoone. And the morrowe after Doctor Goodricke, Bishop of Elye, had the keepinge of the great seale, as custos, by the counselles commandement, which bishop was one of the Privie Counsell to the Kinges Maiestie.

On 21 Dec 1579 Thomas Richards died. In 1603 Elizabeth Fiennes (age 56) died.

Monument in St Mary the Virgin Church, Chipping Norton [Map]. Finely made in alabaster. Elizabethan Period. Renaissance chest with stripped-down strapwork. Rush Mat. Dress Folds at Feet. Ruff. Possibly Richard and Gabriel Royley of Burton upon Trent.

Thomas Richards: Before 21 Dec 1579 he and Elizabeth Fiennes were married.

Elizabeth Fiennes: Around 1523 she was born to Edward Fiennes 5th Baron Saye and Sele and Margaret Danvers Baroness Saye and Sele.

John Evelyn's Diary. 21 Dec 1651. Came to visit my wife (age 16), Mrs. Lane, the lady who conveyed the King (age 21) to the seaside at his escape from Worcester. Mr. John Cosin, son of the Dean (age 57), debauched by the priests, wrote a letter to me to mediate for him with his father. I prepared for my last journey, being now resolved to leave France altogether.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 21 Dec 1661. To White Hall to the Privy Seal, where my Lord Privy Seal (age 55) did tell us he could seal no more this month, for that he goes thirty miles out of town to keep his Christmas. At which I was glad, but only afeard lest any thing of the King's (age 31) should force us to go after him to get a seal in the country.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 21 Dec 1662. Thence walked to White Hall, and there to chappell, and from thence up stairs, and up and down the house and gallerys on the King's and Queen's (age 24) side, and so through the garden to my Lord's lodgings, where there was Mr. Gibbons (age 47), Madge, and Mallard, and Pagett; and by and by comes in my Lord Sandwich (age 37), and so we had great store of good musique.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 21 Dec 1662. By and by comes in my simple Lord Chandois (age 41), who (my Lord Sandwich (age 37) being gone out to Court) began to sing psalms, but so dully that I was weary of it. At last we broke up; and by and by comes in my Lord Sandwich again, and he and I to talk together about his businesses, and so he to bed and I and Mr. Creed and Captain Ferrers fell to a cold goose pye of Mrs. Sarah's, heartily, and so spent our time till past twelve o'clock, and then with Creed to his lodgings, and so with him to bed, and slept till

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 21 Dec 1663. Up betimes, my wife having a mind to have gone abroad with me, but I had not because of troubling me, and so left her, though against my will, to go and see her father and mother by herself, and I straight to my Lord Sandwich's (age 38), and there I had a pretty kind salute from my Lord, and went on to the Duke's (age 30), where my fellow officers by and by came, and so in with him to his closet, and did our business, and so broke up, and I with Sir W. Batten (age 62) by coach to Salisbury Court, Fleet Street, and there spoke with Clerk our Solicitor about Field's business, and so parted, and I to Mrs. Turner's (age 40), and there saw the achievement pretty well set up, and it is well done.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 21 Dec 1663. Thence, having enough of it, by coach to my Lord Sandwich's (age 38), where I find him within with Captain Cooke (age 47) and his boys, Dr. Childe (age 57), Mr. Madge, and Mallard, playing and singing over my Lord's anthem which he hath made to sing in the King's Chappell: my Lord saluted me kindly and took me into the withdrawing-room, to hear it at a distance, and indeed it sounds very finely, and is a good thing, I believe, to be made by him, and they all commend it. And after that was done Captain Cooke and his two boys did sing some Italian songs, which I must in a word say I think was fully the best musique that I ever yet heard in all my life, and it was to me a very great pleasure to hear them.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 21 Dec 1664. My Lord Sandwich (age 39) this day writes me word that he hath seen (at Portsmouth, Hampshire [Map]) the Comet, and says it is the most extraordinary thing that ever he saw.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 21 Dec 1665. At the office all the morning. At noon all of us dined at Captain Cocke's (age 48) at a good chine of beef, and other good meat; but, being all frost-bitten, was most of it unroast; but very merry, and a good dish of fowle we dressed ourselves. Mr. Evelyn (age 45) there, in very good humour.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 21 Dec 1666. So home to dinner, and spent all the afternoon in putting some things, pictures especially, in order, and pasting my Baroness Castlemayne's (age 26) print on a frame, which I have made handsome, and is a fine piece.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 21 Dec 1667. At the office all the morning, and at noon home to dinner with my Clerks and Creed, who among other things all alone, after dinner, talking of the times, he tells me that the Nonconformists are mighty high, and their meetings frequented and connived at; and they do expect to have their day now soon; for my Lord of Buckingham (age 39) is a declared friend to them, and even to the Quakers, who had very good words the other day from the King (age 37) himself: and, what is more, the Archbishop of Canterbury (age 69) is called no more to the Cabal, nor, by the way, Sir W. Coventry (age 39); which I am sorry for, the Cabal at present being, as he says, the King, and Duke of Buckingham, and Lord Keeper (age 61), the Duke of Albemarle (age 59), and Privy Seale (age 61). The Bishops, differing from the King in the late business in the House of Lords, having caused this and what is like to follow, for every body is encouraged nowadays to speak, and even to preach, as I have heard one of them, as bad things against them as ever in the year 1640; which is a strange change. He gone, I to the office, where busy till late at night, and then home to sit with my wife, who is a little better, and her cheek asswaged. I read to her out of "The History of Algiers", which is mighty pretty reading, and did discourse alone about my sister Pall's (age 27) match, which is now on foot with one Jackson (age 27), another nephew of Mr. Phillips's, to whom he hath left his estate.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 21 Dec 1668. Thence to the Duke's playhouse, and saw "Macbeth". the King (age 38) and Court there; and we sat just under them and my Baroness Castlemayne (age 28), and close to the woman that comes into the pit, a kind of a loose gossip, that pretends to be like her, and is so, something. And my wife, by my troth, appeared, I think, as pretty as any of them; I never thought so much before; and so did Talbot and W. Hewer (age 26), as they said, I heard, to one another. The King and Duke of York (age 35) minded me, and smiled upon me, at the handsome woman near me but it vexed me to see Moll Davis (age 20), in the box over the King's and my Baroness Castlemayne's head, look down upon the King, and he up to her; and so did my Baroness Castlemayne once, to see who it was; but when she saw her, she looked like fire; which troubled me. The play done, took leave of Talbot, who goes into the country this Christmas, and so we home, and there I to work at the office late, and so home to supper and to bed.

On 21 Dec 1670, owing to a jest made by Coventry (age 34) in the House of Commons on the subject of the King's amours, Sir Thomas Sandys, an officer of the guards, with other accomplices, by the order of Monmouth (age 21), and (it was said) with the approval of the king himself, waylaid him as he was returning home to Suffolk Street and slit his nose to the bone. The outrage created an extraordinary sensation in the Commons, and in consequence Parliament debated a bill 'to prevent malicious maiming and wounding' (22 & 23 Chas. II, c.1), a measure known as the "Coventry Act" was passed, declaring assaults accompanied by personal mutilation a felony without benefit of clergy, an Act not repealed until 1828.

On 11 Sep 1674 Anna Maria Josepha Habsburg Spain was born to Leopold Habsburg Spain I Holy Roman Emperor (age 34) and Claudia Felicitas of Holy Roman Empress (age 21). She died three months later on 21 Dec 1674. Coefficient of inbreeding 5.35%.

John Evelyn's Diary. 21 Dec 1675. Visited her Ladyship (age 43) again, where I found the Bishop of Winchester (age 77), whom I had long known in France; he invited me to his house at Chelsea.

On 21 Dec 1718 Bishop Joseph Butler (age 26) was ordained a Priest by William Talbot (age 60), Bishop of Salisbury, at St James' Church, Piccadilly.

In Dec 1800 King George III of Great Britain and Ireland (age 62) created a number of peers who supported the Act of Union ....

On 21 Dec 1800 Charles Stanley Monck 1st Viscount Monck (age 46) was created 1st Viscount Monck.

On 29 Dec 1800 ....

Murrough O'Brien 1st Marquess Thomond (age 74) was created 1st Marquess Thomond. Mary Palmer Marchioness Thomond (age 50) by marriage Marchioness Thomond.

Charles Tottenham aka Loftus 1st Marquess Ely (age 62) was created 1st Marquess Ely in County Wexford. Jane Myhill Marchioness Ely by marriage Marchioness Ely in County Wexford.

James Alexander 1st Earl Caledon (age 70) was created 1st Earl Caledon in County Tyrone.

On 21 Dec 1808 Henry William Paget 1st Marquess Anglesey (age 40) defeated two regiments of French cavalry.

On 01 Oct 1822 Anthony Hamond of High House in West Acre (age 80) died. On 21 Dec 1806 Sarah Case died. Memorial in All Saints Church, West Acre [Map] sculpted by Joseph Theakston (age 50).

Anthony Hamond of High House in West Acre: In 1742 he was born to Robert Hamond. Before 21 Dec 1806 Anthony Hamond of High House in West Acre and Sarah Case were married.

Sarah Case: Around 1746 she was born to Philip Case of King's Lynn.

On 21 and 22 Dec 1845 the Battle of Ferozeshah was a victory by the British East India Company over the Sikh Empire.

On 21 Dec 1864 Louisa Alexandra Williams-Wynn Lady Williams-Wynn was born to Watkin Williams-Wynn 6th Baronet (age 44) and Marie Emily Williams-Wynn Lady Williams-Wynn. Her godparents were Queen Louise Hesse-Kassel of Denmark (age 47), the Princess of Wales, and her uncle, Sir Hugh Williams (age 62). Coefficient of inbreeding 6.25%.

On 21 Dec 1916 Captain Redvers Lionel Calverley Bewicke-Copley (age 26) was killed in action. Whilst leading a party repairing trench wiring at Sailly, France, he was shot through the head by a sniper within 20 yards of the German line and killed outright on 21st December 1916. He was Buried at Combles.

21 Dec 1928. Philip de László (age 59). Portrait of María Dolores "Lala" Piñeiro (age 36). De László's appointment book for 1928 indicates that he painted María Dolores Piñeiro de Wesley over two days, morning and afternoon, on 21 and 22 December. She told her children that de László talked continuously as he painted and that she greatly enjoyed their conversation, whereas her husband recalled that when he was shown the finished portrait in the artist's studio, he bluntly said: "I don't like it. László must have hated me for that".

María Dolores "Lala" Piñeiro: On 09 Jul 1892 she was born to Andrés Piñeiro and Dolores 'Lola' García Láinez at Tandil. In Jul 1908 María Dolores "Lala" Piñeiro celebrated her sixteenth birthday in Paris. On 17 Jun 1911 Alfredo Enrique Wellesley Wesley and she were married. On 19 Mar 1983 she died.

Births on the 21st December

On 21 Dec 1396 Giles Brugge 4th Baron Chandos was born to Thomas Brugge (age 41) and Alice Berkeley (age 17).

On 21 Dec 1468 William Conyers 1st Baron Conyers was born to John Conyers (age 35) and Alice Neville (age 31) at Settrington. He a great x 3 grandson of King Edward III of England.

On 21 Dec 1505 Thomas Wriothesley 1st Earl of Southampton was born to William Wriothesley (age 16) and Agnes Drayton of London.

On 21 Dec 1594 Robert Sutton 1st Baron Lexinton was born to William Sutton (age 35) and Susan Cony.

On 21 Dec 1596 Thomas Francis of Savoy 1st Prince of Carignano was born to Charles Emmanuel Savoy I Duke Savoy (age 34) and Catherine Habsburg Spain Duchess Savoy (age 29). Coefficient of inbreeding 6.67%.

On 21 Dec 1604 Elizabeth Stanhope Baroness Berkeley was born to Michael Stanhope (age 55) and Elizabeth Read.

On 21 Dec 1626 Francis Scott 2nd Earl Buccleuch was born to Walter Scott 1st Earl Buccleuch (age 20) and Mary Hay Countess Buccleuch.

On 11 Sep 1674 Anna Maria Josepha Habsburg Spain was born to Leopold Habsburg Spain I Holy Roman Emperor (age 34) and Claudia Felicitas of Holy Roman Empress (age 21). She died three months later on 21 Dec 1674. Coefficient of inbreeding 5.35%.

On 21 Dec 1687 Andrew Agnew 5th Baronet was born to James Andrew 4th Baronet (age 27).

On 21 Dec 1691 Thomas Trollope 4th Baronet was born to Thomas Trollope 3rd Baronet (age 24) and Susannah Clobery (age 21).

On 21 Dec 1732 Frederick St John 3rd Viscount St John 2nd Viscount Bolingbroke was born to John St John 2nd Viscount St John (age 30) and Anne Furnese (age 20).

On 21 Dec 1735 John Baker Holroyd 1st Earl Sheffield was born.

On 21 Dec 1739 Juliana Petre was born to Robert Petre 8th Baron Petre (age 26) and Mary Radclyffe (age 25). She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 21 Dec 1744 Anne Vallayer Coster was born.

On 21 Dec 1752 Frances Julia Burrell Duchess Northumberland was born to Peter Burrell (age 28) and Elizabeth Lewis.

On 21 Dec 1793 Richard Henry Rycroft 3rd Baronet was born to Nelson Rycroft 2nd Baronet (age 32).

On 21 Dec 1795 John Tyssen Tyrell 2nd Baronet was born to John Tyrell 1st Baronet (age 33) and Sarah Tyssen.

On 21 Dec 1800 Duchess Louise Dorothea of Saxe Coburg Altenburg was born to Duke Augustus of Saxe Coburg Altenburg (age 28) and Louise Charlotte Mecklenburg-Schwerin (age 21) at Gotha. Coefficient of inbreeding 1.90%.

On 21 Dec 1810 Thomas Neville Abdy 1st Baronet was born to Captain Anthony Abdy (age 30) and Grace Rich (age 18). He was educated at Winchester College , Winchester.

On 21 Dec 1830 Arthington Cayley Worsley was born to William Worsley 1st Baronet (age 38).

On 21 Dec 1832 Montagu Samuel 1st Baron Swaythling was born to Louis Samuel (age 38) and Henrietta Israel. Early in his life he appears to have changed his name from Montagu Samuel, to Samuel Montagu. This may have been an administrative error during education which he subsequently adopted.

On 21 Dec 1845 Lowry Cole 4th Earl Enniskillen was born to William Willoughby Cole 3rd Earl Enniskillen (age 38) and Jane Casamaijor Countess Enniskillen.

On 21 Dec 1857 Thomas Nelson 4th Earl Nelson was born to Horatio Nelson 3rd Earl Nelson (age 34) and Mary Jane Agar Countess Nelson (age 35).

On 21 Dec 1864 Louisa Alexandra Williams-Wynn Lady Williams-Wynn was born to Watkin Williams-Wynn 6th Baronet (age 44) and Marie Emily Williams-Wynn Lady Williams-Wynn. Her godparents were Queen Louise Hesse-Kassel of Denmark (age 47), the Princess of Wales, and her uncle, Sir Hugh Williams (age 62). Coefficient of inbreeding 6.25%.

On 21 Dec 1876 Joyce Christabel Kennaway Lady Wilbraham was born to John Henry Kennaway 3rd Baronet (age 39) and Frances Arbuthnot Lady Kennaway (age 33).

On 21 Dec 1888 Hastings William Russell 12th Duke Bedford was born to Herbrand Arthur Sackville 11th Duke Bedford (age 30) and Mary Caurroy Tribe Duchess Bedford.

On 21 Dec 1897 Minnie Mabel "Mimi" Forde Pigott Countess of Suffolk and Bershire was born.

Marriages on the 21st December

On 21 Dec 1546 William Cecil 1st Baron Burghley (age 26) and Mildred Cooke Baroness Burghley (age 20) were married.

On 21 Dec 1639 Baptist Noel 3rd Viscount Campden (age 28) and Hester Wotton Viscountess Campden (age 24) were married.

On 21 Dec 1691 Bishop Nathaniel Crew 3rd Baron Crew (age 58) and Penelope Frowde Baroness Crewe were married.

On 21 Dec 1717 James Campbell 5th Baronet (age 39) and Susanna Campbell Lady Campbell (age 40) were married. She by marriage Lady Campbell of Auchinbreck.

On 21 Dec 1728 Henry Brydges 2nd Duke Chandos (age 20) and Mary Bruce (age 18) were married. She the daughter of Charles Bruce 4th Earl Elgin 3rd Earl Ailesbury (age 46) and Anne Savile. He the son of James Brydges 1st Duke Chandos (age 55) and Mary Lake.

Before 21 Dec 1732 John St John 2nd Viscount St John (age 30) and Anne Furnese (age 20) were married.

On 21 Dec 1761 Admiral Charles Middleton 1st Baron Barham (age 35) and Margaret Gambier were married.

On 21 Dec 1769 Henry Hunloke 4th Baronet (age 45) and Margaret Coke Lady Hunloke (age 18) were married. She by marriage Lady Hunloke of Wingerworth in Derbyshire. The difference in their ages was 26 years.

Before 21 Dec 1795 John Tyrell 1st Baronet (age 33) and Sarah Tyssen were married.

Before 21 Dec 1830 George Edward Pocock 2nd Baronet (age 38) and Augusta Elinor Coventry were married.

On 21 Dec 1887 Gerald Balfour 2nd Earl of Balfour (age 34) and Elizabeth Bulwer-Lytton Countess Balfour (age 20) were married. She the daughter of Edward Robert Bulwer-Lytton 1st Earl (age 56) and Edith Villiers Countess Lytton (age 46).

On 21 Dec 1887 Delves Louis Broughton 10th Baronet (age 30) and Mary Evelyn Cotton Lady Broughton (age 23) were married at St George's Church, Hanover Square. She by marriage Lady Broughton of Broughton in Staffordshire.

Deaths on the 21st December

On 21 Dec 1446 Louis Bourbon 1st Count Vendôme 1st Count Castres (age 70) died at Tours. His son John Bourbon VIII Count Vendôme (age 18) succeeded VIII Count Vendôme.

On 21 Dec 1495 Jasper Tudor 1st Duke Bedford (age 64) died at Thornbury Manor without legitimate issue. He was buried at Keynsham Abbey [Map]. Duke Bedford, Earl Pembroke extinct.

On 21 Dec 1655 Maria Ambrosia Habsburg Spain died.

On 21 Dec 1671 Elizabeth Reade Baroness Burford died.

On 21 Dec 1672 Charles Stanley 8th Earl of Derby (age 44) died. His son William Stanley 9th Earl of Derby (age 17) succeeded 9th Earl Derby, 3rd Baron Strange Knockin.

On 11 Dec 1721 John Shaw 2nd Baronet (age 61) died. He was buried at the Church of Holy Trinity, Eltham on 21 Dec 1721. His son John Shaw 3rd Baronet (age 34) succeeded 3rd Baronet Shaw of Eltham in Kent. Anna Maria Barnardiston Lady Shaw (age 24) by marriage Lady Shaw of Eltham in Kent.

On 21 Dec 1739 Elizabeth "Lady Betty" Hastings (age 57) died unmarried. Francis Hastings 10th Earl Huntingdon (age 10) inherited her estates including Ledston Hall.

On 21 Dec 1763 Anna Maria Collins Countess Abingdon died.

On 21 Dec 1767 Hungerford Hoskyns 4th Baronet (age 90) died. His son Chandos Hoskyns 5th Baronet (age 47) succeeded 5th Baronet Hoskyns of Harewood in Herefordshire. Rebecca May Lady Hoskyns by marriage Lady Hoskyns of Harewood in Herefordshire.

On 01 Oct 1822 Anthony Hamond of High House in West Acre (age 80) died. On 21 Dec 1806 Sarah Case died. Memorial in All Saints Church, West Acre [Map] sculpted by Joseph Theakston (age 50).

Anthony Hamond of High House in West Acre: In 1742 he was born to Robert Hamond. Before 21 Dec 1806 Anthony Hamond of High House in West Acre and Sarah Case were married.

Sarah Case: Around 1746 she was born to Philip Case of King's Lynn.

On 21 Dec 1876 Robert Gore-Booth 4th Baronet (age 71) died. His son Henry Gore-Booth 5th Baronet (age 33) succeeded 4th Baronet Gore-Booth of Artarman in County Sligo.

On 21 Dec 1889 Bishop Joseph Barber Lightfoot (age 61) died unmarried.

On 21 Dec 1921 William Tate 2nd Baronet (age 79) died. His son Ernest William Tate 3rd Baronet (age 54) succeeded 3rd Baronet Tate of Park Hill in Streatham in London.

On 21 Dec 1958 Anthony Devas (age 47) died.