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25 Apr is in April.
1457 John Neville married Isabel Ingaldsthorpe
25 Apr 1646 Battle of Hedgeley Moor
1472 Arrest of Archbishop George Neville
Chronicon ex Chronicis by Florence and John of Worcester. 25th April 1123. Alexander (age 45), king of Scots, died on the seventh of the calends of May [25th April].
Note. Some sources say 1124?
Chronicle of Roger de Hoveden. 25th April 1194. On the twenty-fifth, twenty-sixth, and twenty-seventh days of April, the King remained at Portsmouth.
Vicesima quinta, et vicesima sexta, et vicesima septima die mensis Aprilis, fecit rex moram apud Portesmue.
On 25th April 1196 Alfonso II King Aragon (age 39) died. His son Peter (age 17) succeeded II King Aragon.
Images of Histories by Ralph Diceto. John, lord of Ireland, the (legitimate) heir of his brother King Richard of Normandy, received the power of the duchy of Normandy by sword and blade at Rouen, through the hand of Walter, archbishop of Rouen, on the seventh day before the Kalends of May [25th April 1199]. When he came to England, on the solemn feast of the Lord's Ascension he was solemnly anointed king at Westminster by the hand of Hubert, archbishop of Canterbury, on the fifth day before the Kalends of June [27th May 1199].
Johannes Hyberniæ dominus, fratris sui Ricardi regis Normandy, hæres [legittimus], de ducatu Normanniæ per ensem et gladium potestatem accepit apud Rothomagum per manum Walteri Rothomagensis archiepiscopi VII kalendas Maii. Qui cum venisset in Angliam, Ascensionis Dominicæ die sollempni sollempniter est unctus in regem apud Westmonasterium per manum Huberti Cantuariensis archiepiscopi vito kalendas Junii.
Chronicum Anglicanum by Ralph Coggeshall. While the armies overseas were thus clashing with one another, Duke John in the meantime secretly crossed into England with his private retinue, and being peacefully received by the nobles of all England, was immediately, on the day of the Lord's Ascension [27th May 1199], crowned1 with the greatest pomp of the citizens at Westminster by Lord Hubert (age 39), archbishop of Canterbury. Then King John returned to Normandy, bringing with him a great army from the English lands, which throughout that summer contended against the French host, and he experienced well enough the prowess of the enemy army.
Exercitibus autem transmarinis ita ad invicem congredientibus, dux Johannes interim cum privatis suis latenter in Angliam applicuit, atque a proceribus totius Angliæ pacifice susceptus, statim die Ascensionis Dominicæ a domno Huberto, Cantuariens archiepiscopo, apud Westmonasterium, cum maxima civium pompa coronatus est. Dein rex Johannes Normanniam regressus, maximum exercitum de Anglicanis partibus secum adduxit, qui per totam illam æstatem contra Gallicanum exercitum concertans, satis hostilis exercitus probitatem expertus est.
Note 1. Ralph de Decito: "John, lord of Ireland, the (legitimate) heir of his brother King Richard of Normandy, received the power of the duchy of Normandy by sword and blade at Rouen, through the hand of Walter, archbishop of Rouen, on the seventh day before the Kalends of May [25th April 1199]. When he came to England, on the solemn feast of the Lord's Ascension he was solemnly anointed king at Westminster by the hand of Hubert, archbishop of Canterbury, on the fifth day before the Kalends of June [27th May 1199]."
On 25th April 1214 King Louis IX of France was born to King Louis VIII of France (age 26) and Blanche Ivrea Queen Consort France (age 26). He a great grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England. He married 27th May 1234 his half third cousin Margaret Provence Queen Consort France, daughter of Raymond IV Count Provence and Beatrice Savoy Countess Provence, and had issue.
On 25th April 1228 Conrad Hohenstaufen King Germany was born to Frederick I King Jerusalem II Holy Roman Emperor (age 33) and Isabella Brienne II Queen Jerusalem (age 16).
On 25th April 1279 Archbishop Walter Giffard (age 54) died at York [Map]. He was buried at York Minster [Map].
In January 1283 King Edward I surrounded Dafydd's (age 44) base of Snowdonia with a massive army. Dafydd initially operated from Dolwyddelan [Map]. Dafydd moved down to Castell y Bere [Map]. In April, Castell y Bere was besieged by over 3,000 men, and the small Welsh garrisonsurrendered on 25th April 1283. Dafydd escaped the siege and moved north to Dolbadarn Castle [Map]. In May 1283, he was forced to move again, this time to the mountains above the Welsh royal home in Abergwyngregyn.
Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.
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On 25th April 1284 King Edward II of England was born to King Edward I of England (age 44) and Eleanor of Castile Queen Consort England (age 43) at Caernarfon Castle [Map]. He married 28th January 1308 his second cousin once removed Isabella of France Queen Consort England, daughter of King Philip IV of France and Joan Blois I Queen Navarre, and had issue.
Annals of Dunstable. In the same year a son was born to the lord king, on the feast of Saint Mark [25th April 1284], at Caernarfon [Map], and he was called Edward.
Eodem anno natus est domino regi filius, die Sancti Marci apud Kanarvan, et vocatus est Edwardus.
On 25th April 1295 Sancho IV King Castile IV King Leon (age 36) died. His son Ferdinand (age 9) succeeded IV King Castile, IV King Leon.
On 25th April 1397 Thomas Holland 2nd Earl Kent (age 47) died. He was buried in Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire [Map]. His son Thomas (age 23) succeeded 3rd Earl Kent, 2nd Baron Holand, 7th Baron Wake of Liddell. Joan Stafford Countess Kent (age 19) by marriage Countess Kent.
On 25th April 1457 John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu (age 26) and Isabel Ingaldsthorpe (age 16) were married by Cardinal Thomas Bourchier (age 39) at Canterbury Cathedral [Map]. She the heir of her father Edmund Ingaldsthorpe who had died the previous year. Eight manors were settled on them in jointure. He the son of Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 57) and Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury (age 50). They were second cousin once removed. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
In 1460 a petition noted "The Nevilles state that Isabel was found to be Ingoldisthorpe's daughter and heir. When they requested livery of the estates from the chancellor in Chancery, he refused on the grounds that the king had granted the marriage and wardship to the queen (age 29). The Nevilles disputed this as Isabel was 14, and not a minor at common law. John Neville made recognizances in £1,000 to the queen on the understanding that if it was found that such a grant to the queen was not available, then she would not take any money from Neville. The Nevilles are unable to have a day in their law, and the queen has still levied part of the £1,000, and they are forced to sue a special livery at great expense. They request that the recognizances by annulled, and that women of the age of 14 when their ancestors die should have no problem of obtaining livery of their lands and tenements." See National Archives UK John Nevyll (Neville), knight; Isabel Neville, wife of John Neville, knight. SC 8/28/1398 1460.
On 25th April 1464 a Yorkist army commanded by John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu (age 33) defeated a Lancastrian army commanded by Henry Beaufort 2nd or 3rd Duke of Somerset (age 28) at Hedgeley Moor, Northumberland [Map] during the Battle of Hedley Moor.
Of the Lancastrians...
Thomas Ros 9th Baron Ros Helmsley (age 36) was killed. His son Edmund (age 9) succeeded 10th Baron Ros Helmsley. Thomas' lands however, including Belvoir Castle [Map] were given by King Edward IV of England (age 21) to William Hastings 1st Baron Hastings (age 33).
Ralph Percy (age 39) was killed.
Edmund Ros 10th Baron Ros Helmsley: Around 1455 he was born to Thomas Ros 9th Baron Ros Helmsley and Philippa Tiptoft Baroness Ros of Helmsley. On 23rd October 1508 Edmund Ros 10th Baron Ros Helmsley died. Baron Ros Helmsley abeyant between his daughters annd their descendants.
Chronicle of Edward Hall [1496-1548]. [25th April 1464] Lorde Montacute, forgat not the office of a good capitain, nor beyng well furnished with suche as he knewe would neither flie backeward, nor stande still lookyng, and not fightyng, thought no leger to tract the tyme, but with a valiant corage, marched forward toward his enemies, and in his iorney, he was inconntered, with the lorde Hungerford, tho Lorde Roos, sir Raufe Percy, and diverse other, at a place called Hegely More. Where sodainly thesaied lordes, in maner, without stroke strikyng, fled, and onely sir Raufe Percy abode, and was there manfully slain, with diverse other, saiyiig, when he was diyng: I have saued the birde in my bosome: meanyng that he had kept, both his promise and othe, to kyng Henry the VI: Forgettyng that he in kyng Henries moste necessitie, abandoned him and submitted hym to kyng Edward, (as you before have heard.)
Grafton's Chronicle [1507-1573]. [25th April 1464] The Lorde Montacute, forgat not the office of a good Capitaine, and beyng well furnished with such as he knewe would neyther flye backwarde, nor stande still lokyng on, thought no lenger to tract the tyme, but with a valiant courage marched forwarde towarde his enemies, and encountered with the Lorde Hungerford, the Lorde Roos, syr Rauie Percye, and diuers other, at a place called Hegely More. Where sodainly the sayde Lordes in maner without stroke strikyng fled, and onely syr Raufe Percy abode, and was there manfully slain, with divers other, saiyng, when he was diyng: I bauve saved the birde in my bosome: meanyng that he had kept, both his promise and othe to king Henry the sixt.
Chronicle of Gregory [1400-1467]. Ande in the wey thedyrwarde there met with him that fals Duke of Somersette, Syr Raffe Percy, the Lord Hungerforde, and the Lord Roos, whythe alle her company, to the nombyr of vM [5000] men of armys. And this metynge was a pon Synte Markys day; and that same day was Syr Raffe Percy slayne. And whenn that he was dede alle the party was schomfytyd and put to rebuke. Ande every man avoydyd and toke his way with full sory hertys. And then my Lord of Mountegeue toke his hors and roode to Norham, and fecchyd yn the Schottys, and brought them unto the Lordys Commyssyonourys. And there was concludyd a pes [Note. peace] for xv year with the Schottys. And the Schottys ben trewe it moste nedys contynu so longe, but hit is harde for to tryste unto hem, for they byn evyr founde full of gyle and dyssayte.
Warkworth's Chronicle [1461-1474]. 25th April 1472. Also this yere, or a lytelle before, George the ArcheBishop of Yorke (age 40), and brother to the Earl of Warwick, was withe Kynge Edwarde at Wynsoure, and huntede, and hade there ryghte good chere, and supposid he hade stonde in grete favour with the Kynge: for the Kynge seid to the sayde Archebyschope that he wuld come for to hunte and disporte withe him in his manere at Moore; whereof he was ryghte glade, and toke his leve and went home to make purvyaunce therfore; and fett oute of Londone, and dyverse other places, alle his plate and othere stuffe that he hade hyde after Barnet felde and Teukysbury feld; and also borowede more stuff of other menne, and purveyde for the Kynge for two or iij. dayes for mete and drynke and logynge, and arayed as rychely and as plesauntly as he coude. And the day afore the Kynge schulde have comyne to the ArcheBishop, to the seid manere of Moore, whiche the saide Archebisshoppe hade purchasshed and byllede1 it ryghte comodiusly and plesauntly, the Kynge send a gentylman to the seide Archebisshoppe, and commaundyd him to come to Wyndsoure to him; and asone as he came he was arested and apeched of hye treysone, that he schuld helpe the Earl of Oxenforde; and anone ryght he was put to warde. And forthewithe Sere William of Parre, knyghte, and Thomas Vaghan, squyre, withe othere many dyverse gentilmenne and yomen, were sent to the seide manere of Moore; and ther by the Kynges comawndement seysede the seid manere into the Kynges handes, and alle the good that was therin, whiche was worthe xx. Ml. or more, and alle other lordschippes and landes that the seid Bishop hade withein England, and alle his stuff and rychesse withein alle his lordschippes; and sent the same bisschoppe overe the see to Caleis, and from thens to the castelle of Hammys, and ther he was kepte presonere many a day; and the Kynge alle that seasone toke the prophete of the ArcheBishopryche, &c. And anone after the Kynge brake the seyd Archebysschoppes mytere, in the whiche were fulle many ryche stones and preciouse, and made therof a croune for him self. And alle his other juels, plate, and stuff, the Kynge gaff it to his eldest sonne and heyre Prynce Edward: for the sayd Archebisshoppe hade be Chaunselere of Englond many dayes, and he and his brotheres hade the reule of the lande, and hade gaderyde grete rychesse many yeres, whiche in one day was lost; and alle be the hye jugement of ryghtwisnes (as many manne seide be hym) for his grete covetousenes, and had no pyte of Kynge Harry menne, and was cause of many mannys undoynge for Kynge Edwardys sake, if he mighte gete any good by hym. Wherefore suche goodes as were gaderide with synne, were loste with sorwe. And also menne supposid for cause he was duble to Kynge Herry, and kepte hym in Londone, where he wulde a be at Westmynstere, he hade a lettere send frome Kynge Edward to kepe hym oute of sanctuary, and he hade his charture send hym; where he had be a trewe manne to Kynge Herry, as the comons of Londone were, Kynge Edward hade not comene into Londone afore Barnet felde, &c.
Note 1. Hade purchased and byllede. Moor Park in Hertfordshire, now the seat of the Marquess of Westminster. Clutterbuck (History of Hertfordshire, i. 191) states that the Archbishop had license to inclose 600 acres of pasture and land in Rickmersworth and Watford for a park, and to embattle the site of the manor of Moor in Rickmersworth; and quotes for authority Pat. 9. H. VI. m. 10; but George Neville was then unborn, and on further inquiry we find that the grant was made five years earlier, to Henry (Beaufort) Bishop of Winchester: "Quod Henr' Ep'us Winton' et alii possint kernell' manerium suam de More in Rickmansworth, ac imparcare sexcent, acras terræ, & c. ac liber' warrenn [That Bishop Henry of Winchester and others may enclose their manor of More in Rickmansworth, and impark six hundred acres of land, etc., and have free warren there].' ib'm " 2 Pat. 4 Hen. VI. m. 10.-J.G.N.
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On 25th April 1472 Archbishop George Neville (age 40) was imprisoned at Hammes Castle.
Before 25th April 1502 Prince Arthur's (deceased) body was transported from Ludlow, Shropshire [Map] to Worcester Cathedral [Map] via the River Servern in a special wagon upholstered in black and drawn by six horses, also caparisoned in black.
On 25th April 1502 Prince Arthur Tudor (deceased) was buried in the Chantry Chapel of Prince Arthur in Worcester Cathedral [Map].
Bishop William Smyth (age 42), Bishop of Lincoln and Lord President of the Council of Wales and the Marches, presided.
George Grey 2nd Earl Kent (age 48) and George Talbot 4th Earl of Shrewsbury (age 34) received Arthur's Coat of Arms, Richard Grey 3rd Earl Kent (age 21) received Arthur's shield, John Grey 2nd Baron Grey of Powis (age 17) received Arthur's sword, pommel forwards. Gruffydd ap Rhys ap Thomas Deheubarth (age 24) carried Prince Arthur's banner.
Gerald Fitzgerald 9th Earl of Kildare (age 15) rode Arthur's courser as the Man at Arms, in Arthur's full armour, carrying Arthur's poleaxe, pointed down, through the Nave to the Altar where he was stripped of Arthur's clothes.
The Chapel is to the right of the High Altar in the Chancel. It is decorated with heraldic carvings symbolising the houses of York, Lancaster, Beaufort and Catherine of Aragon's Pomegranate. His Purbeck marble tomb chest is decorated with the arms of England. He is buried beneath the cathedral's floor several feet away from the tomb that visitors can see.
On 25th April 1513 Edward Howard (age 37) was killed in action.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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76 Edward Echyngham to Wolsey. Upon Saynt Markes daye the which was the 25 daye of Aprill, mylord Admyrall appoynted 4 capiteyns and hymself for to bordethe. [galyes. A]t 4 of the clok in the afternone, my saide lorde. went into [one of the galeys] hymself with 80 men with hym, and in thother [mylord] Ferris, with suche companye as hym semyd best, and ... with 2 small crayres, in oon of the crayres w[ent] Wal[lop], and in thother went sir Henry S[herburne] and William Sidnaye. And theise were they that enterprysed for to wyn [the] ffrenche galyes, with helpe °f the bootes for there couth no ship comme LtoJ theyme.for lack of water, for the said frenche galyes laye in a baye [betwene] rockes, and on both sides of the galyes was made bulwerkes [where] laye full of ordynaunce, that no boote nor vessell couth comme unto them, but that they must comme betwene the bulwarkes, the which [were] soo thick with gonnes and crosbowis that the quarrelles and the gonstons came together as thick as it hade be haylestones.
Ffor all this Mylorde wold needes borde the galyes his owen p[ers]on for there couth no man counsayle hym the contrary, and at the owre above wreten he bordit the galye that Preyer John was in. And as sone as he was aborde of Pryer Johns o-alye, he le[ped] oute of his owne galye unto the fore casteli of Pryer Johns galye, and Charran, the Spanyart with hym, with 16 other persones. S[ir, by] advice of mylorde Admyrall and Charran, thay hade cast theyre ancre in to ... of the french galye, and fastened the cabull unto the capsten, for this consideration] yf it happened ... any of the galyes to have bene on fyre, that they myght have vered the cabull and have fallen of. But, Sir, how so ever it fo ... the Frenchmen did hew asondr the cabull, or els somme of our [said] maryners in our galye lete slip the cable, when mylorde Admyrell [went] into the frenche galye, and all for fere of thordynaunce that w[as on] the galyes and from the lande, and so they lefte this [poor Admerall in the] handes of his enymyes, wheras by divers mens say[ing] the Morris, pickes. Sir, ther was a maryner that ... the which is woundit in 18 placys ..., the whiche by adventure recouered unto the boye of the galye, and soo the bote of the galye toke hym up, and he saythe that he sawe my lord Admyrall thras[ted] up agaynst the rayls of the galy with Morris pikes. Also Charran's boye tellith a tale in like maner, for when his maister and mylorde Admyrall were entert the galye, Charran bade his boye fetche hym his hande gonne and when he came up with the hande gonne to delyuer to his maister the oone galye was o-one of from thother, and he saith he see my lord Admirall wayvyng with his handes and cryeng to the galye: 'Comme aborde agayne! Comme aborde agayne!' And when mylord (age 37) saw the galye couth not comme to hym agayne, the boy saide he sawe hym take his whistill from aboute his neck, and wrap it together, and hurlid it in to the see, and thus he lost the sight of my saide lorde Admyrall.
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Letters. 25th April 1544. Catherine, Countess of Westmoreland (age 45) to Earl of Shrewsbury (age 44).
After my most hearty recommendations unto your good lordship, this shall be to advertise the same that my servant, Ninian Meuvill, the bringer hereof, who is a gentleman, and is very desirous to serve the king's majesty on the borders fore anenst Scotland. Wherefore, my lord, I pray you that you would, at this mine instance and desire, admit him to be a eaptain upon the said borders. Trusting that he will so use himself therein or in any other business that it shall please your lordship to put him unto, if it be belonging a gentleman to do, that you shall be contented therewith, or else I would be right loath to write thus in his favour. And Almighty God preserve your good lordship.
From Brandspath [Map], the 25th day of April.
To the Right Honourable and my very good lord, the King's Majesty's Lieutenant, be this given.
[Talbot Papers, Volume B. Folio. 18. College of Arms. Original.]
The Countess of Westmoreland was the second daughter of Edward, Duke of Backingham, and given in marriage to Ralph, Earl of Westmoreland (age 46), to compensate him for his disappointment, when her elder sister Elizabeth (age 47), to whom he had been previously plighted, was given in marriage to Thomas, Earl Surrey (age 71), afterwards 4th Duke of Norfolk. She had a large family of seven sons and nine daughters. She died on Tuesday, May 14th, 1555, and was buried the following Friday at St. Leonard's, Shoreditch.a
The residence of the countess at Colbrandspath exposed her to occasional perils, in the often disturbed state of the northern counties. Thomas Tempest, writing on one occasion to the Duke of Norfolk, detailing some disturbances that had arisen on account of the absence of the Bishop of Durham and Earl of Westmoreland, adds, — "My lady of Westmoreland, with such counsel as she taketh to her, stayeth the country here for a time; I assure your lordship, she rather playeth the part of a knight than of a lady, as your lordship shall well perceive at your coming hither."b
The Earl of Shrewsbury, to whom the present letter is addressed, was appointed lieutenant of the North in the year 1544.
Note a. Harleian MS. 897, fol. 80.
Note b. Miscellaneous Letters, 1st series, vol. iv. fol. 15. State Paper Office.
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Diary of Edward VI. 25th April 1550. The lord Clinton (age 38) captain of Bolein [Boulogne], having sent away befor al his men saving 1800, and al his ordonnaunce saving that the treaty did reserve, issued out of the towne with these 1800, delivering it to mons. Chastillon (age 31), receiving of him the six hostagies English1, aquittaunce for delivery of the towne1a and save-conduyt to com to Cales [Map], whither when lie cam(e) he placed 1800 in the emperour's frontieres.
Note 1. These young noblemen, when released from their honourable and very agreeable duty, were desirous to prolong their stay in France, in order to visit the French court. On the 24th of April — "Mocion was made for license that our hostaiges, that is to wete, the duke of Suffolke (age 14), th'erle of Hertforde (age 10), the lorde Matraverse (age 12), the lord Talbott (age 22), the lorde Strange (age 18), and the lorde Fitzwaren (age 21), might make their repaire unto the Frenche corte to see the king, like as the French hostaiges have libertie here to come to the corte. Whereupon it was thought convenient, that, forasmuch as the appointment of the delivery of Boloigne is this present day, which being accomplissed our hostaiges must be restored home, therefore they shall not have license till the counsaill be advertised of their deliverance: that, if they go, they may go at libertie and not as hostaiges. And to that effect a lettre written to mr. Blount, requiring him immediately upon their delivery to advertise the lords here, and to lerne withall the time of the Frenche king's approche into those parties, to th'entent our younge lords may meet him as neere the confines as may be.
"April xxviij. Upon lettres receaved from my lord Clynton and Richard Blount esquire, of the receipt of our hostaiges which are already retorned to Calays, it was agreed that, forasmuch as the French king's comyng downe into Bullonoys is uncertain, our young lords that had been hostaiges shulde immediately return home, notwithstanding their request and first determinacion that they shulde have licence to visite the French king." (Council Book.)
Note 1a. Boulogne was delivered to the seigneur de la Eochepot and the seigneur de Chastillon on the 25th of April by the hands of Edward lord Clinton, sir Richard Cotton, and sir Leonard Beckwith: see the acquittance of the French commissioners, mentioned by King Edward, in Rymer, xv. 228; the treaty for its surrender having been concluded on the 24th March (ibid. 230).
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History and Antiquities of Hengrave in Suffolk. 25th April 1556. On the twenty-fifth of April, f 1556, his (deceased) remains were deposited in West Firle church, in a chapel, adjoining the chancel, appropriated for the burial place of the family. Attached to the east wall is an altar tomb, with the recumbent figures, beautifully sculptured in alabaster, of Sir John Gage and Philippa his wife; at his feet is a ram, the crest of his family; at her's the crest of Gulde ford, the trunk of a tree, emitting flames of fire. At the west end of the tomb, on a brass plate, are the arms of Gage, quartering St. Clere, and impaling Gulde ford, viz. quarterly, 1st, or, a saltire between four martlets sable, for Guldeford; 2d. argent, a chief sable, over all a bend ingrailed gules, for Halden; 3d. Barry of six or and azure, on a chief, of the first, two pallets between two esquires, of the second, and on an escutcheon of pretence, argent, a pheon sable, for Mortimer; 4th. ermine on a chevron azure, fess between three wolves heads erased azure; 6th. Vairé a canton gules, for Filliol: round the verge of the tomb are the words: Scio quod Redemptor meus vivit, et in novissimo die de terra surrecturus sum, et rursum circumdabor pelle mea, et in carne mea videbo Deum Salvatorem meum, quem visurus sum ego ipse, et oculi mei conspecturi sunt, et non alius: reposita est hæc spes mea in sinu meo. Job cap. xix, versus xx. On a brass plate, at the east end of the tomb, against the wall, in a small canopied recess, are the arms of Gage and St. Clere, quarterly, encircled by the garter, with this inscription:
HIC JACET Jones. GAGE, PRECLARI ORDINIS GARTERII, MILES;
QUONDAM CONSTABULARIUS TURRIS LONDINI; CANCELLARIUS
DUCATUS LANCASTRIÆ; DOMINUS CAMERARIUS HOSPICII REGINÆ MARIÆ; AC UNUS DE PRIVATO CONCILIO EJUSDEM REGINÆ.
ET PHILIPPA UXOR EJUS.
QUI OBIERUNT ANNO 1557,5 QUORUM ANIMABUS
PROPITI ETUR DEUS.
Note f. Strype's Eccles. Mem.
Note g. A mistake for 1556.
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On 25th April 1557 Thomas Stafford (age 24) sailed from Dieppe with two ships and over 30 men. He took Scarborough Castle [Map] and declared himself Protector of the Realm.
On 25th April 1557 Thomas Stafford (age 24) landed at Scarborough, North Yorkshire [Map].
Henry Machyn's Diary. 25th April 1559. The xxv day of April, was sant Markes day, the Quen('s) (age 25) grace supt at Beynard castyll [Map] at my lord of Penproke('s) (age 58) P[lace,] and after supper the Quen('s) grace rowed up and downe Temes, and [a] C [100] bottes [boats] at bowte here grace, with trumpettes and drumes and flutes and gones, and sqwybes horlyng on he [high] to and fro, tyll x at nyght, or her grace depertyd, and all the water-syd st ... with a M [1000] pepull lokyng one here grace.
On 25th April 1562 Friedrich Wilhelm Wettin I Duke Saxe Weimar was born to Johann Wilhelm Wettin Duke Saxe Weimar (age 32) and Dorothea Susanne Palatine Duchess Saxe Weimar at Weimar. He married (1) 5th May 1583 Sophie of Württemberg Duchess of Saxe-Weimar and had issue (2) 9th September 1591 his fourth cousin once removed Anna Maria Countess Palatine of Neuburg and had issue.
On 25th April 1582 Christian Wettin I Elector Saxony (age 21) and Sophie of Brandenburg (age 13) were married. He the son of Augustus Wettin Elector of Saxony (age 55) and Anna Oldenburg (age 49). They were third cousins.
On 25th April 1585 Philip Howard 13th or 20th Earl of Arundel (age 27) was imprisoned at Tower of London [Map].
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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On 25th April 1599 Oliver Cromwell was born to Robert Cromwell (age 36) and Elizabeth Steward (age 33) at Huntingdon [Map]. He married 22nd August 1620 Elizabeth Bourchier and had issue.
On 25th April 1608 Gaston Bourbon was born to Henry IV King France (age 54) and Marie de Medici Queen Consort France (age 32). He married (1) 1626 his third cousin once removed Marie Bourbon Duchess Montpensier (2) 1632 his third cousin once removed Marguerite Lorraine Duchess Montpensier, daughter of Francis Lorraine II Duke Lorraine, and had issue.
Diary of Anne Clifford. 25th April 1619. Sunday 25th after dinner, I and my Lady Warwick went to Denmark House and went to sermon in the great Hall, after sermon my Lord (age 30) came thither to fetch me, so we went to Hyde Park and took the air. After my Lord came home he went to see my Brother Sackville who still continueth to look ill and is very sick and out of temper in his body.
On 25th April 1625 Johann Friedrich Hanover was born to George Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 43) and Anne Eleonore Hesse Darmstadt Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 23). He married 30th November 1668 Benedicta Henrietta Palatinate Simmern and had issue.
John Evelyn's Diary. 25th April 1659. A wonderful and sudden change in the face of the public; the new protector, Richard (age 32), slighted; several pretenders and parties strive for the government: all anarchy and confusion; Lord have mercy on us!
On 25th April 1660...
Thomas Thynne (age 50) was elected MP Hindon.
Henry Carey 4th Viscount Falkland (age 26) was elected MP Oxfordshire.
Henry Cavendish 2nd Duke Newcastle upon Tyne (age 29) was elected MP Derbyshire.
John Glynne (age 58) was elected MP Caernarfonshire.
William Glynne 1st Baronet (age 22) was elected MP Caernarfon.
Francis Godolphin (age 54) was elected MP Heytesbury.
Richard Jennings (age 41) was elected MP St Albans.
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Samuel Pepys' Diary. 25th April 1663. Lastly, I did hear that the Queen (age 24) is much grieved of late at the King's neglecting her, he having not supped once with her this quarter of a year, and almost every night with my Baroness Castlemaine's (age 22); who hath been with him this St. George's feast at Windsor, and came home with him last night; and, which is more, they say is removed as to her bed from her own home to a chamber in White Hall, next to the King's own; which I am sorry to hear, though I love her much.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 25th April 1663. So to bed. At Westminster Hall [Map], this day, I buy a book lately printed and licensed by Dr. Stradling (age 43), the Bishop of London's chaplin, being a book discovering the practices and designs of the papists, and the fears of some of our own fathers of the Protestant church heretofore of the return to Popery as it were prefacing it. The book is a very good book; but forasmuch as it touches one of the Queenmother's (age 53) fathers confessors, the Bishop, which troubles many good men and members of Parliament, hath called it in, which I am sorry for.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 25th April 1663. At noon we rose, Sir W. Batten (age 62) ashamed and vexed, and so home to dinner, and after dinner walked to the old Exchange [Map] and so all along to Westminster Hall [Map], White Hall, my Lord Sandwich's (age 37) lodgings, and going by water back to the Temple [Map] did pay my debts in several places in order to my examining my accounts tomorrow to my great content. So in the evening home, and after supper (my father at my brother's) and merrily practising to dance, which my wife hath begun to learn this day of Mr. Pembleton1, but I fear will hardly do any great good at it, because she is conceited that she do well already, though I think no such thing.
Note 1. Pembleton, the dancing-master, made Pepys very jealous, and there are many allusions to him in the following pages. His lessons ceased on May 27th.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 25th April 1664. Thence down with Mr. Coventry (age 36) and Sir W. Rider, who was there (going along with us from the East Indya house to-day) to discourse of my Lord Peterborough's (age 42) accounts, and then walked over the Parke, and in Mr. Cutler's coach with him and Rider as far as the Strand, and thence I walked to my Lord Sandwich's (age 38), where by agreement I met my wife, and there dined with the young ladies; my Lady, being not well, kept her chamber. Much simple discourse at table among the young ladies.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 25th April 1666. So home, and with my wife and Mercer spent our evening upon our new leads by our bedchamber singing, while Mrs. Mary Batelier looked out of the window to us, and we talked together, and at last bid good night. However, my wife and I staid there talking of several things with great pleasure till eleven o'clock at night, and it is a convenience I would not want for any thing in the world, it being, methinks, better than almost any roome in my house. So having, supped upon the leads, to bed. The plague, blessed be God! is decreased sixteen this week.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 25th April 1667. Thence by coach to my Lord Treasurer's (age 60), and there being come too soon to the New Exchange, but did nothing, and back again, and there found my Lord Bruncker (age 47) and T. Harvy, and walked in a room very merrily discoursing.
John Evelyn's Diary. 25th April 1667. Visited again the Duke of Newcastle (age 74), with whom I had been acquainted long before in France, where the Duchess (age 44) had obligation to my wife's (age 32) mother for her marriage there; she was sister to Lord Lucas (age 60), and maid of honor then to the Queen-Mother (age 57); married in our chapel at Paris. My wife being with me, the Duke and Duchess both would needs bring her to the very Court.
Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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Samuel Pepys' Diary. 25th April 1667. By and by comes my Lord Ashly (age 45) and tells us my Lord Treasurer (age 60) is ill and cannot speak with us now.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 25th April 1668. Up, and with Sir J. Minnes (age 69) to my Lord Brouncker (age 48), and with him all of us to my Lord Ashly (age 46) to satisfy him about the reason of what we do or have done in the business of the tradesmen's certificates, which he seems satisfied with, but is not, but I believe we have done what we can justify, and he hath done what he cannot in stopping us to grant them, and I believe it will come into Parliament and make trouble.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 25th April 1668. At noon home to dinner, and thence after dinner to the Duke of York's playhouse, and there saw "Sir Martin Marr-all", which, the more I see, the more I like, and thence to Westminster Hall [Map], and there met with Roger Pepys (age 50); and he tells me that nothing hath lately passed about my Lord Sandwich (age 42), but only Sir Robert Carr (age 31) did speak hardly of him. But it is hoped that nothing will be done more, this meeting of Parliament, which the King (age 37) did, by a message yesterday, declare again, should rise the 4th of May, and then only adjourne for three months: and this message being only adjournment, did please them mightily, for they are desirous of their power mightily.
On 25th April 1679 Jane Rolle Lady Carew died; wife of Alexander Carew 2nd Baronet. She was buried at St James' Church, Antony [Map].
Jane Rolle Lady Carew: she was born to Robert Rolle of Heanton. In December 1631 Alexander Carew 2nd Baronet and she were married at St Petroc's Church, Petrockstowe [Map]. She being his step-aunt, sister of his step-mother Grace Rolle Lady Rolle. On 14th March 1643 Richard Carew 1st Baronet died. His son Alexander succeeded 2nd Baronet Carew of Antony in Cornwall. She by marriage Lady Carew of Antony in Cornwall.
On 25th April 1682 Peregrine Osborne 2nd Duke Leeds (age 23) and Bridget Hyde Duchess Leeds (age 20) were married. He the son of Thomas Osborne 1st Duke Leeds (age 50) and Bridget Bertie Duchess Leeds (age 53).
On 25th April 1684 James Graham 3rd Marquess Montrose (age 26) died. His son James (age 2) succeeded 4th Marquess Montrose.
Calendar of the State Papers of William and Mary 1693 April. 25th April 1693. Whitehall. [Lord Godolphin] to the King. Upon the occasion of Lady Inchiquin's going into Ireland, the Queen has been pleased to give us her commands concerning the payment of her portion as maid of honour, and seems very desirous that 1,000l. of it should be in money to enable them (sic) to pay their debts before they leave this kingdom, which otherwise will be impossible for them. I have told the Queen that I cannot see any possibility of doing what she desires in this matter, unless you order that this sum is to be paid out of the money of the East India Company's tenths when it comes in this next term. If you consent, I find it will be a great satisfaction to the Queen, a charity to them and an ease to yourself; for without it I believe they will be forced to stay here and importune you next winter for the same thing.
We have been in the City to-day, to borrow the remainder of the money wanting to pay the seamen before the fleet goes out, and I hope they will not stay a moment upon that account, for if they please they can be early enough at Brest to prevent the conjunction of the French fleet there, with the squadron expected from the Mediterranean, which I should think is what our fleet ought principally to intend; and they need not apprehend, as formerly, leaving the port of Brest open and giving liberty to the ships there to come into the Channel, for the French will never dare to venture that while they know we have a fleet, so much superior to theirs, lying to the westward of theirs.
You will receive, by this post, a representation from Lord Nottingham about the East India Company's forfeiture of their charter, in default for paying the tax on their joint stock into the Hixchequer on the day appointed by the act of parliament. You will see that Lord Nottingham remains full of the same spirit in this matter which was so often troublesome to you before you left. I do not know if, in rigour of law, the company's action amounts to a forfeiture; but it is as little for your service and the preservation of trade, as it 1s consistent with justice and equity, that any advantage be aaa of the forfeiture. [S.P. Dom. King William's Chest 14, NO. 8.]
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On 25th April 1702 Katherine Murray was born to John Murray 1st Duke Atholl (age 42) and Catherine Hamilton Duchess Atholl (age 40). She died aged seven in 1710.
On 25th April 1707 Léopold Clement Charles Lorraine was born to Leopold Duke of Lorraine (age 27) and Élisabeth Charlotte Bourbon Duchess Lorraine (age 30). He a great x 3 grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland.
On 25th April 1721 James Herbert (age 16) drowned having fallen off a footbridge near his home whilst out walking. He is known to have suffered from apoplexy; his most recent occurrence being five days prior to his death.
Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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On 25th April 1776 Mary Hanover Duchess Gloucester and Edinburgh was born to King George III of Great Britain and Ireland (age 37) and Charlotte Mecklenburg Strelitz Queen Consort England (age 31). She married 22nd July 1816 her first cousin William Frederick Hanover 2nd Duke Gloucester and Edinburgh, son of William Henry Hanover 1st Duke Gloucester and Edinburgh and Maria Walpole Duchess Gloucester and Edinburgh.
On 25th April 1783 William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland (age 16) matriculated at Christ Church College, Oxford University.
On 25th April 1785 Charles Tynte 5th Baronet (age 74) died. Baronet Tynte of Halswell in Somerset extinct. He was buried on 8th September 1785 at the Church of St Edward King and Martyr, Goathurst [Map] where he has amonument by Joseph Nollekens (age 47). His estates were inherired by his niece Jane Hassell, daughter of his sister Jane Tynte, who had married Colonel John Johnson aka Kemeys-Tynte who changed his name from Johnson to Kemeys-Tynte.
On 25th April 1795 Charlotte Sophia Somerset Baroness Calthorpe was born to Henry Charles Somerset 6th Duke Beaufort (age 28) and Charlotte Sophia Leveson-Gower Duchess Beaufort (age 24). She married 12th August 1823 Frederick Gough 4th Baron Calthorpe, son of Henry Gough-Calthorpe 1st Baron Calthorpe and Frances Carpenter Baroness Calthorpe, and had issue.
The London Gazette 18356. Whitehall, April 25, 1827.
The King has been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Viscount of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland unto the Right Honourable Frederick John Robinson (age 44), and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Viscount Goderich, of Nocton, in the county cf Lincoln.
The King has also been pleased to direct letters. patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland unto James Earl of Fife, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Baron Fife, of the county Fife.
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland unto the Right Honourable Sir Charles Abbott (age 64), Knt Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the namey stile, and title, of Baron Tenterden, of Hendon, in the county of Middlesex.
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland unto the Right Honourable William Conyngham Plunket (age 62), and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Baron Plunket, of Newtown, in, the county of Cork.
On 25th April 1827 Charlotte Saxe Meiningen Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg (age 75) died in Genoa.
On 25th April 1843 Princess Alice Saxe Coburg Gotha was born to Prince Albert Saxe Coburg Gotha (age 23) and Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom (age 23). Coefficient of inbreeding 7.25%. She married 1st July 1862 Prince Louis Hesse Darmstadt IV Grand Duke and had issue.
Thomas Bateman 1845. On the 25th of April, 1845, in the forenoon, was opened a small barrow, called Stoney Lowe [Map], situate upon the more elevated portion of the Cold Eaton Farm, near Biggin [Map]. It was like most of the smaller barrows, composed of nearly equal proportions of earth and small stones; amongst the latter were many pieces of sandstone, which must have been conveyed for the purpose of constructing the mound from a considerable distance, as no rock of the same description of stone is known to exist in the neighbourhood of the tumulus. About the centre of the barrow several very large limestones were found lying upon the level of the natural soil, which in other parts of the barrow had not been disturbed; but upon removing the stones, the contrary was found to be the case in the centre, as about three feet beneath them a cist was discovered, sunk in the ground, and lined with thin flat limestones, placed edgeways; at each end of the cist were considerable remains of decayed wood, whilst instead of the expected interment in the middle was found an iron dagger, to which a knife of the same metal was attached, by the incrustation of rust in which they were enveloped, and which retained a very distinct impression of linen cloth, in which they appeared to have been folded. In one comer of the cist was a small heap of pure charcoal, unmixed with any other substance, and in another comer was one small piece of bone, apparently from some large bird, which was the only relic of organic life found in this tumulus, which, despite of this very unusual circumstance, had certainly never been before investigated.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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Thomas Bateman 1845. In the afternoon of the same day a far more interesting barrow was opened, the name of which is Green Lowe [Map]. It is situated upon the tract of land known as Alsop Moor which has since proved very productive of ancient British remains. This tumulus had been heaped over a rocky and unequal surface, in which a hole had been cut in order to serve the purpose of a cist. In removing the upper portion of the barrow a few human bones, horses' teeth, and rats' bones were discovered, and on clearing out the soil with which the cist was filled, the skeleton of a man in the prime of life was laid bare; his knees were contracted and drawn up until they nearly approached the head; and immediately in the rear of the shoulders were placed an elegant and most elaborately-ornamented drinking-cup, a piece of spherical pyrites, or iron ore, before alluded to as being an occasional ornament of the Britons, a flint instrument of the circular-headed form, and a splendid flint dagger; a little lower down the back of the skeleton there lay three beautifully-chipped and barbed arrow-heads of flinty seven other instruments of the same material but of inferior workmanship and three instruments made from the ribs of some animal neatly rounded at each end and much like a mesh-rule for nettings or perhaps used as modelling tools in the construction of urns. Still lower down, close to the pelvis, lay the remains of an infant; across the pelvis lay a bone pin, made from the leg of a small deer, which had probably been used to secure the folds of some vestments in which the body had been enveloped previous to its interment. The contents of this barrow are highly interesting, as they present a striking degree of similarity to the contents of barrows discovered in Wiltshire, particularly to the relics engraved in plate 18, vol. i of Sir Richard Hoare's work. The drinking-cup there figured bears a characteristic resemblance to the one here discovered, which is quite different to any heretofore found in Derbyshire; indeed, had railways then existed, and communication with distant places been as easy as at the present day, we should have attributed both vessels to one designer and manufacture. All the flints here discovered had undergone the action of fire, and present a spotless white, which materially improves their appearance.
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On 25th April 1847 John Douglas Edward Henry Campbell 7th Duke Argyll (age 69) died at Inveraray Castle. His son George (age 23) succeeded 8th Duke Argyll, 5th Baron Hamilton of Hameldon in Leicestershire. Elizabeth Georgiana Leveson-Gower Duchess Argyll by marriage Duchess Argyll.
On 25th April 1853 Henrietta Fitzherbert (age 3) died at Tissington Hall, Derbyshire [Map]. Memorial at St Mary's Church, Tissington [Map].
Henrietta Fitzherbert: On 18th August 1849 she was born to William Fitzherbert 4th Baronet and Ann Alleyne Lady Fitzherbert.
On 25th April 1854 Frederick Mackenzie (age 66) died.
On 14th January 1894 William John Butler (age 75) died. He was buried at Lincoln Cathedral [Map] on 18th January 1894. On 25th April 1896 a monument by Farmer & Brindley of red Verona marble with an alabaster effigy carved by Léon-Joseph Chavalliaud (age 35) was unveiled.
On 25th April 1897 Princess Mary Windsor Countess Harewood was born to King George V of the United Kingdom (age 31) and Victoria Mary Teck Queen Consort England (age 29). Coefficient of inbreeding 1.86%. She married 28th February 1922 Henry Lascelles 6th Earl Harewood, son of Henry Ulrick Lascelles 5th Earl Harewood and Florence Katharine Bridgeman Countess Harewood, and had issue.
Archaeologia Volume 84 1935 Section VI. 25th April 1912. Plate XXXIII. Fig. 1. The southern of the two 'Longstones [Map]' at Beckhampton, which fell on 2 Dec. 1911, taken from the E.
On 25th April 1915 Edward Maxwell Salvesen (age 23) was killed in action at St Julien. Memorial at St Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh.
Edward Maxwell Salvesen: On 30th August 1891 he was born to Edward Theodore Salvesen and Georgine Maxwell Trayner.
On 25th April 1935 Gertrude Stuart (age 85) died. Memorial at Church of St Deiniol, Hawarden, Flintshire.
Gertrude Stuart: On 11th November 1849 she was born. On 30th September 1875 William Henry Gladstone and she were married.
On 25th April 1943 Leonard Stanford Merrifield (age 63) died.
The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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On 25th April 1952 Gertrude "Gertie" Millar Countess of Dudley (age 73) died. She was buried at the Earl of Dudley's Memory Garden, St Michael's Church, Himley [Map].
After 25th April 2015 Edward Douglas Coke 7th Earl of Leicester (deceased) was buried at St Withburga's Church, Holkham [Map].
Edward Douglas Coke 7th Earl of Leicester: On 6th May 1936 he was born to Anthony Louis Lovel Coke 6th Earl of Leicester. On 19th June 1994 Anthony Louis Lovel Coke 6th Earl of Leicester died. His son Edward succeeded 7th Earl of Leicester. On 25th April 2015 Edward Douglas Coke 7th Earl of Leicester died. His son Thomas succeeded 8th Earl of Leicester.
On 25th April 1214 King Louis IX of France was born to King Louis VIII of France (age 26) and Blanche Ivrea Queen Consort France (age 26). He a great grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England. He married 27th May 1234 his half third cousin Margaret Provence Queen Consort France, daughter of Raymond IV Count Provence and Beatrice Savoy Countess Provence, and had issue.
On 25th April 1228 Conrad Hohenstaufen King Germany was born to Frederick I King Jerusalem II Holy Roman Emperor (age 33) and Isabella Brienne II Queen Jerusalem (age 16).
On 25th April 1284 King Edward II of England was born to King Edward I of England (age 44) and Eleanor of Castile Queen Consort England (age 43) at Caernarfon Castle [Map]. He married 28th January 1308 his second cousin once removed Isabella of France Queen Consort England, daughter of King Philip IV of France and Joan Blois I Queen Navarre, and had issue.
On 25th April 1287 Roger Mortimer 1st Earl March was born to Edmund Mortimer 2nd Baron Mortimer of Wigmore (age 36) and Margaret Fiennes (age 18). He a great x 3 grandson of King John of England. He married 20th September 1301 his third cousin once removed Joan Geneville Baroness Mortimer 2nd Baroness Geneville and had issue.
On 25th April 1362 John Charleton 4th Baron Cherleton was born to John Charleton 3rd Baron Cherleton (age 26) and Joan Stafford Baroness Cherleton and Talbot (age 18). He a great x 3 grandson of King Edward I of England. He married before 19th October 1401 his third cousin once removed Alice Fitzalan Baroness Cherleton, daughter of Richard Fitzalan 9th Earl of Surrey 4th or 11th Earl of Arundel and Elizabeth Bohun Countess Arundel and Surrey.
On 25th April 1372 William Ferrers 5th Baron Ferrers of Groby was born to Henry Ferrers 4th Baron Ferrers of Groby (age 17) and Joan Hoo Baroness Ferrers Groby. He married (1) before 1415 his fourth cousin once removed Philippa Clifford, daughter of Roger Clifford 5th Baron Clifford and Maud Beauchamp Baroness Clifford, and had issue (2) before 18th May 1445 his half third cousin once removed Margaret Montagu Baroness Ferrers Groby, daughter of John Montagu 3rd Earl Salisbury and Maud Francis Countess of Salisbury.
On 25th April 1562 Friedrich Wilhelm Wettin I Duke Saxe Weimar was born to Johann Wilhelm Wettin Duke Saxe Weimar (age 32) and Dorothea Susanne Palatine Duchess Saxe Weimar at Weimar. He married (1) 5th May 1583 Sophie of Württemberg Duchess of Saxe-Weimar and had issue (2) 9th September 1591 his fourth cousin once removed Anna Maria Countess Palatine of Neuburg and had issue.
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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On 25th April 1599 Oliver Cromwell was born to Robert Cromwell (age 36) and Elizabeth Steward (age 33) at Huntingdon [Map]. He married 22nd August 1620 Elizabeth Bourchier and had issue.
On 25th April 1608 Gaston Bourbon was born to Henry IV King France (age 54) and Marie de Medici Queen Consort France (age 32). He married (1) 1626 his third cousin once removed Marie Bourbon Duchess Montpensier (2) 1632 his third cousin once removed Marguerite Lorraine Duchess Montpensier, daughter of Francis Lorraine II Duke Lorraine, and had issue.
On 25th April 1621 Roger Boyle 1st Earl Orrery was born to Richard Boyle 1st Earl Cork (age 54) and Catherine Fenton Countess Cork (age 36). He married Margaret Howard Countess Orrery, daughter of Theophilus Howard 2nd Earl Suffolk and Elizabeth Home Countess Suffolk, and had issue.
On 25th April 1625 Johann Friedrich Hanover was born to George Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 43) and Anne Eleonore Hesse Darmstadt Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 23). He married 30th November 1668 Benedicta Henrietta Palatinate Simmern and had issue.
On 25th April 1653 John Bowyer 2nd Baronet was born to John Bowyer 1st Baronet (age 29). He married 10th July 1672 Jane Murray, daughter of Henry Murray of Berkhampstead and Anne Bayning Viscountess Bayning, and had issue.
On 25th April 1655 John Lowther 1st Viscount Lonsdale was born to John Lowther (age 27) and Elizabeth Bellingham.
On 25th April 1665 Charles Fairfax 7th Viscount Fairfax was born to Nicholas Fairfax (age 43).
On 25th April 1693 Charles Hotham 5th Baronet was born to Charles Hotham 4th Baronet (age 30) and Bridget Gee (age 21). He married 1724 his fourth cousin twice removed Gertrude Stanhope Baroness Hotham, daughter of Philip Stanhope 3rd Earl Chesterfield and Elizabeth Savile, and had issue.
On 25th April 1694 Richard Boyle 3rd Earl Burlington was born to Charles Boyle 2nd Earl Burlington (age 26) and Juliana Noel Countess Burlington (age 22). He married 21st March 1720 his fourth cousin once removed Dorothy Savile Countess Burlington, daughter of William Savile 2nd Marquess Halifax and Mary Finch Duchess Roxburghe, and had issue.
On 25th April 1699 William Brownlow was born to William Brownlow 4th Baronet (age 33) and Dorothy Mason Baroness Brownlow (age 32).
On 25th April 1702 Katherine Murray was born to John Murray 1st Duke Atholl (age 42) and Catherine Hamilton Duchess Atholl (age 40). She died aged seven in 1710.
On 25th April 1707 Léopold Clement Charles Lorraine was born to Leopold Duke of Lorraine (age 27) and Élisabeth Charlotte Bourbon Duchess Lorraine (age 30). He a great x 3 grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland.
On 25th April 1717 James Barry 5th Earl Barrymore was born to James Barry 4th Earl Barrymore (age 50) and Anne Chichester Countess Barrymore.
On 25th April 1725 Augustus Keppel 1st Viscount Keppel was born to William Anne Keppel 2nd Earl Albermarle (age 22) and Anne Lennox Countess Albermarle (age 21). He a great grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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On 25th April 1726 Charles Gould aka Morgan 1st Baronet was born. He was educated at Westminster School [Map] and Christ Church College, Oxford University reciving BA in 1747 and MA in 1750. He married 1758 Jane Morgan and had issue.
On 25th April 1744 George Devereux 13th Viscount Hereford was born to Edward Devereux 11th Viscount Hereford (age 34) and Catherine Mytton. He married 15th December 1768 Marianna Devereux Viscountess Hereford and had issue.
On 25th April 1758 George Coventry 7th Earl Coventry was born to George Coventry 6th Earl Coventry (age 35) and Maria Gunning Countess Coventry (age 25). He married (1) before 1764 Catherine Henley, daughter of Robert Henley 1st Earl Northington and Jane Huband (2) 10th January 1783 Margaret "Peggy" Pitches Countess Coventry and had issue.
On 25th April 1768 Margaret Williams Lady Williams was born. She married 21st October 1791 John Williams 1st Baronet and had issue.
On 25th April 1769 Robert Brudenell 6th Earl Cardigan was born to Robert Brudenell and Anne Bishopp (age 41) at Westminster [Map]. He married 8th March 1794 Penelope Cooke Countess Cardigan and had issue.
On 25th April 1776 Mary Hanover Duchess Gloucester and Edinburgh was born to King George III of Great Britain and Ireland (age 37) and Charlotte Mecklenburg Strelitz Queen Consort England (age 31). She married 22nd July 1816 her first cousin William Frederick Hanover 2nd Duke Gloucester and Edinburgh, son of William Henry Hanover 1st Duke Gloucester and Edinburgh and Maria Walpole Duchess Gloucester and Edinburgh.
On 25th April 1777 Charles Chetwynd-Talbot 2nd Earl Talbot was born to John Chetwynd-Talbot 1st Earl Talbot (age 28) and Charlotte Augusta Hill Countess Talbot. He married 1800 Frances Thomasina Lambart Countess Talbot and had issue.
On 25th April 1790 Arthur Chichester 7th Baronet was born to John Chichester (age 38). He married 8th September 1819 Charlotte Hamlyn-Williams, daughter of James Hamlyn-Williams 2nd Baronet and Diana Anne Whitaker, and had issue.
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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On 25th April 1793 Lawrence Palk 3rd Baronet was born to Lawrence Palk 2nd Baronet (age 27) and Dorothy Elizabeth Vaughan (age 28). He married 9th December 1815 his first cousin Anna Eleanora Wrey Lady Palk, daughter of Bourchier Wrey 7th Baronet and Anne Palk Lady Wrey, and had issue.
On 25th April 1795 Charlotte Sophia Somerset Baroness Calthorpe was born to Henry Charles Somerset 6th Duke Beaufort (age 28) and Charlotte Sophia Leveson-Gower Duchess Beaufort (age 24). She married 12th August 1823 Frederick Gough 4th Baron Calthorpe, son of Henry Gough-Calthorpe 1st Baron Calthorpe and Frances Carpenter Baroness Calthorpe, and had issue.
On 25th April 1804 Francis Curzon was born to Nathaniel Curzon 2nd Baron Scarsdale (age 51) and Félicité Anne Josephe de Wattines Lady Scarsdale (age 39).
On 25th April 1835 William Tyssen-Amherst 1st Baron Amherst was born to William George Daniel-Tyssen (age 33) and Mary Fountaine.
On 25th April 1839 Alexander Victor Paget was born to Henry Paget 2nd Marquess Anglesey (age 41) and Henrietta Bagot Marchioness Anglesey.
On 25th April 1843 Princess Alice Saxe Coburg Gotha was born to Prince Albert Saxe Coburg Gotha (age 23) and Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom (age 23). Coefficient of inbreeding 7.25%. She married 1st July 1862 Prince Louis Hesse Darmstadt IV Grand Duke and had issue.
On 25th April 1846 Gilbert Augustus Clayton-East 7th and 3rd Baronet was born to Gilbert East Gilbert East 2nd Baronet (age 22).
On 25th April 1852 Richard Bethell 3rd Baron Westbury was born to Richard Augustus Bethell 2nd Baron Westbury (age 22). He married 24th July 1882 Agatha Manners Tollemache Baroness Westbury and had issue.
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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On 25th April 1857 Mary Rothes Tyssen-Amherst 2nd Baroness Amherst was born to William Tyssen-Amherst 1st Baron Amherst (age 22) at Didlington Hall, Swaffham. She married 2nd September 1885 William Cecil, son of William Alleyne Cecil 3rd Marquess Exeter, and had issue.
On 25th April 1862 Edward Grey 1st Viscount Fallodon was born to Lieutenant Colonel George Henry Grey (age 27) and Harriet Jane Pearson (age 23). He married (1) 1885 Dorothy Widdrington (2) 1922 Pamela Wyndham Viscountess Grey.
On 25th April 1865 Arthur Frederick Bligh was born to John Stuart Bligh 6th Earl Darnley (age 38) and Harriet Mary Pelham Countess Darnley (age 36).
On 25th April 1878 Mary Heathcote-Willoughby-Drummond Countess Dalhousie was born to Gilbert Henry Heathcote Drummond Willoughby 1st Earl Ancaster (age 47) and Evelyn Elizabeth Gordon Countess Ancaster (age 32). She married 14th July 1903 Arthur Ramsay 14th Earl Dalhousie, son of John William Maule Ramsay 13th Earl Dalhousie and Ida Louise Bennet Countess Dalhousie.
On 25th April 1895 Gavin William Esmond Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound was born to Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound 4th Earl Minto (age 49) and Mary Caroline Grey Countess Minto (age 37).
On 25th April 1896 John Lindsay Dashwood 10th Baronet was born to Robert John Dashwood 9th Baronet (age 36). He married 20th December 1922 Helen Moira Eaton Lady Dashwood and had issue.
On 25th April 1897 Princess Mary Windsor Countess Harewood was born to King George V of the United Kingdom (age 31) and Victoria Mary Teck Queen Consort England (age 29). Coefficient of inbreeding 1.86%. She married 28th February 1922 Henry Lascelles 6th Earl Harewood, son of Henry Ulrick Lascelles 5th Earl Harewood and Florence Katharine Bridgeman Countess Harewood, and had issue.
On 25th April 1904 Charles John Wilson 3rd Baron Nunburnholme was born to Charles Henry Wellesley Wilson 2nd Baron Nunburnholme (age 29) and Marjorie Cecilia Wynn-Carington Baroness Willoughby of Parham (age 24). He married (1) 24th November 1927 his fourth cousin Mary Beatrice Thynne Baroness Nunburnholme, daughter of Thomas Henry Thynne 5th Marquess of Bath and Violet Caroline Mordaunt Marchioness Bath, and had issue (2) 31st October 1953 Alex Hockley Baroness Nunburnholme and had issue.
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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On 25th April 1907 Vivian Tyrell Champion de Crespigny 8th Baronet was born to Tyrell Other William Champion de Crespigny (age 47).
On 25th April 1913 Robert Walpole 9th and 7th Baron Walpole was born to Lieutenant Horatio Spencer Walpole (age 31).
On 25th April 1914 Henry Farrington 7th Baronet was born to Henry Anthony Farrington 6th Baronet (age 42) and Dorothy Maria Farrington (age 28).
On 25th April 1920 Richard Heywood Pelly was born to Harold Alwyne Pelly 5th Baronet (age 26).
On 25th April 1939 Thomas Patrick John Anson 5th Earl Lichfield was born to Thomas William Anson (age 26) and Anne Ferelith Bowes-Lyon (age 21). His mother was niece of the Queen Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon Queen Consort England (age 38); as such he was a second cousin to King Charles III. He married 8th March 1975 his sixth cousin Leonora Mary Grosvenor Countess Lichfield, daughter of Robert George Grosvenor 5th Duke Westminster and Viola Maud Lyttelton Duchess Westminster, and had issue.
On 25th April 1457 John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu (age 26) and Isabel Ingaldsthorpe (age 16) were married by Cardinal Thomas Bourchier (age 39) at Canterbury Cathedral [Map]. She the heir of her father Edmund Ingaldsthorpe who had died the previous year. Eight manors were settled on them in jointure. He the son of Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 57) and Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury (age 50). They were second cousin once removed. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
In 1460 a petition noted "The Nevilles state that Isabel was found to be Ingoldisthorpe's daughter and heir. When they requested livery of the estates from the chancellor in Chancery, he refused on the grounds that the king had granted the marriage and wardship to the queen (age 29). The Nevilles disputed this as Isabel was 14, and not a minor at common law. John Neville made recognizances in £1,000 to the queen on the understanding that if it was found that such a grant to the queen was not available, then she would not take any money from Neville. The Nevilles are unable to have a day in their law, and the queen has still levied part of the £1,000, and they are forced to sue a special livery at great expense. They request that the recognizances by annulled, and that women of the age of 14 when their ancestors die should have no problem of obtaining livery of their lands and tenements." See National Archives UK John Nevyll (Neville), knight; Isabel Neville, wife of John Neville, knight. SC 8/28/1398 1460.
On 25th April 1582 Christian Wettin I Elector Saxony (age 21) and Sophie of Brandenburg (age 13) were married. He the son of Augustus Wettin Elector of Saxony (age 55) and Anna Oldenburg (age 49). They were third cousins.
On 25th April 1625 Robert Sidney 1st Earl of Leicester (age 61) and Sarah Blount Countess Leicester (age 43) were married. She by marriage Countess of Leicester.
On 25th April 1682 Peregrine Osborne 2nd Duke Leeds (age 23) and Bridget Hyde Duchess Leeds (age 20) were married. He the son of Thomas Osborne 1st Duke Leeds (age 50) and Bridget Bertie Duchess Leeds (age 53).
On 25th April 1693 Charles Hotham 4th Baronet (age 30) and Bridget Gee (age 21) were married.
On 25th April 1732 William Morden aka Harbord 1st Baronet (age 36) and Elizabeth Britiffe Lady Harbord were married.
On 25th April 1772 John Montagu 5th Earl Sandwich (age 28) and Maria Henrietta Powlett were married. She the daughter of Harry Powlett 6th Duke Bolton (age 51) and Katherine Lowther Duchess of Bolton (age 36). He the son of John Montagu 4th Earl Sandwich (age 53) and Dorothy Fane Countess Sandwich (age 55).
On 25th April 1780 Walter Head aka James 1st Baronet and Jane Pratt Lady James were married. She the daughter of Charles Pratt 1st Earl Camden (age 66) and Elizabeth Jeffreys.
Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke
Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.
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On 25th April 1791 George Cholmondeley 1st Marquess Cholmondeley (age 41) and Georgina Charlotte Bertie Marchioness Cholmondeley (age 29) were married. She by marriage Countess Cholmondeley in Cheshire. She the daughter of Peregrine Bertie 3rd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven and Mary Panton Duchess Ancaster and Kesteven.
On 25th April 1799 Henry Vane-Tempest 2nd Baronet (age 28) and Anne MacDonnell 2nd Countess of Antrim (age 21) were married. She the daughter of Randal William MacDonnell 1st Marquess of Antrim.
On 25th April 1810 Robert Graham 8th Baronet (age 40) and Elizabeth Young Lady Graham were married. She by marriage Lady Graham of Esk in Cumberland.
On 25th April 1892 Frank Douglas-Pennant 5th Baron Penrhyn (age 26) and Maud Eleonora Hardy were married.
On 25th April 1922 Hugh Napier Douglas-Pennant 4th Baron Penrhyn (age 27) and Sybil Mary Hardinge Countess Fortescue (age 23) were married. They were divorced in 1941. She the daughter of Henry Charles Hardinge 3rd Viscount Hardinge (age 64) and Mary Frances Neville Marchioness Abergavenny (age 53).
On 25th April 1939 Nicholas Eliot 9th Earl of St Germans (age 25) and Helen Mary Villiers (age 24) were married. They were divorced in 1947. He the son of Montague Eliot 8th Earl of St Germans (age 68).
On 25th April 1196 Alfonso II King Aragon (age 39) died. His son Peter (age 17) succeeded II King Aragon.
On 25th April 1264 Roger de Quincy 2nd Earl Winchester (age 69) died. Earl Winchester extinct.
The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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On 25th April 1279 Archbishop Walter Giffard (age 54) died at York [Map]. He was buried at York Minster [Map].
On 25th April 1295 Sancho IV King Castile IV King Leon (age 36) died. His son Ferdinand (age 9) succeeded IV King Castile, IV King Leon.
On 25th April 1397 Thomas Holland 2nd Earl Kent (age 47) died. He was buried in Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire [Map]. His son Thomas (age 23) succeeded 3rd Earl Kent, 2nd Baron Holand, 7th Baron Wake of Liddell. Joan Stafford Countess Kent (age 19) by marriage Countess Kent.
On 25th April 1464 a Yorkist army commanded by John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu (age 33) defeated a Lancastrian army commanded by Henry Beaufort 2nd or 3rd Duke of Somerset (age 28) at Hedgeley Moor, Northumberland [Map] during the Battle of Hedley Moor.
Of the Lancastrians...
Thomas Ros 9th Baron Ros Helmsley (age 36) was killed. His son Edmund (age 9) succeeded 10th Baron Ros Helmsley. Thomas' lands however, including Belvoir Castle [Map] were given by King Edward IV of England (age 21) to William Hastings 1st Baron Hastings (age 33).
Ralph Percy (age 39) was killed.
Edmund Ros 10th Baron Ros Helmsley: Around 1455 he was born to Thomas Ros 9th Baron Ros Helmsley and Philippa Tiptoft Baroness Ros of Helmsley. On 23rd October 1508 Edmund Ros 10th Baron Ros Helmsley died. Baron Ros Helmsley abeyant between his daughters annd their descendants.
On 25th April 1579 John Stewart 4th Earl Atholl died. His son John (age 15) succeeded 5th Earl Atholl. Mary Ruthven Countess Atholl by marriage Countess Atholl.
On 25th February 1603 Katherine Carey Countess Nottingham (age 53) died at Arundel House [Map]. She was buried in Chelsea Old Church on 25th April 1603.
On 25th April 1640 Valentine Browne 2nd Baronet died. His son Valentine (age 2) succeeded 3rd Baronet Browne of Molahiffe in County Kerry.
On 25th April 1666 Jane Shirley Baroness Holles died.
On 25th April 1672 William Stourton 11th Baron Stourton (age 78) died. His grandson William (age 28) succeeded 12th Baron Stourton.
On 25th April 1679 Jane Rolle Lady Carew died; wife of Alexander Carew 2nd Baronet. She was buried at St James' Church, Antony [Map].
Jane Rolle Lady Carew: she was born to Robert Rolle of Heanton. In December 1631 Alexander Carew 2nd Baronet and she were married at St Petroc's Church, Petrockstowe [Map]. She being his step-aunt, sister of his step-mother Grace Rolle Lady Rolle. On 14th March 1643 Richard Carew 1st Baronet died. His son Alexander succeeded 2nd Baronet Carew of Antony in Cornwall. She by marriage Lady Carew of Antony in Cornwall.
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 25th April 1684 James Graham 3rd Marquess Montrose (age 26) died. His son James (age 2) succeeded 4th Marquess Montrose.
On 25th April 1687 Robert Dillington 2nd Baronet (age 53) died. His son Robert (age 23) succeeded 3rd Baronet Dillington of Knighton, Isle of Wight in Hampshire.
On 25th April 1703 John Shelley 3rd Baronet (age 41) died. His son John (age 11) succeeded 4th Baronet Shelley of Mitchelgrove in Sussex.
On 25th April 1717 John Elwill 1st Baronet (age 77) died. His son John succeeded 2nd Baronet Elwill of Exeter.
On 25th April 1723 James Livingston 5th Earl Linlithgow 4th Earl Callendar died.
On 25th April 1730 Holland Egerton 4th Baronet (age 40) died. His son Edward (age 11) succeeded 5th Baronet Egerton and Oulton.
On 25th April 1750 Dorothy Langdale Lady Vavasour died.
On 25th April 1761 Sophia Hope Countess Findlater (age 58) died.
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 25th April 1774 John Fane 9th Earl of Westmoreland (age 45) died. His son John (age 14) succeeded 10th Earl of Westmoreland.
On 25th April 1785 Charles Tynte 5th Baronet (age 74) died. Baronet Tynte of Halswell in Somerset extinct. He was buried on 8th September 1785 at the Church of St Edward King and Martyr, Goathurst [Map] where he has amonument by Joseph Nollekens (age 47). His estates were inherired by his niece Jane Hassell, daughter of his sister Jane Tynte, who had married Colonel John Johnson aka Kemeys-Tynte who changed his name from Johnson to Kemeys-Tynte.
On 25th April 1823 William Ward 3rd Viscount Dudley and Ward (age 73) died. His son John (age 41) succeeded 4th Viscount Dudley and Ward of Dudley in Worcestershire, 9th Baron Ward of Birmingham.
On 25th April 1823 Bridget Forrest Viscountess Byng (age 74) died.
On 25th April 1827 Charlotte Saxe Meiningen Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg (age 75) died in Genoa.
On 25th April 1847 John Douglas Edward Henry Campbell 7th Duke Argyll (age 69) died at Inveraray Castle. His son George (age 23) succeeded 8th Duke Argyll, 5th Baron Hamilton of Hameldon in Leicestershire. Elizabeth Georgiana Leveson-Gower Duchess Argyll by marriage Duchess Argyll.
On 25th April 1854 Frederick Mackenzie (age 66) died.
On 25th April 1859 Lucy Dandridge Lady Wheler died. She was buried at All Saints' Church, Leamington Hastings.
On 25th April 1862 Robert Henry Herbert 12th Earl Pembroke 9th Earl Montgomery (age 70) died. His nephew George (age 11) succeeded 13th Earl Pembroke, 10th Earl Montgomery.
The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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On 25th April 1869 Helen Mackay Countess Bradford (age 68) died.
On 25th April 1870 Bishop Robert Eden 3rd Baron Auckland (age 70) died at the Bishop's Palace, Wells. His son William (age 41) succeeded 4th Baron Auckland of West Auckland. Lucy Walbanke-Childers Baroness Auckland (age 34) by marriage Baroness Auckland of West Auckland albeit for seventeen days only since she died on 12 May 1870.
On 14th January 1894 William John Butler (age 75) died. He was buried at Lincoln Cathedral [Map] on 18th January 1894. On 25th April 1896 a monument by Farmer & Brindley of red Verona marble with an alabaster effigy carved by Léon-Joseph Chavalliaud (age 35) was unveiled.
On 25th April 1926 Mabel Cynthia Duncombe Lady Graham died.
On 25th April 1939 Ernest William Tate 3rd Baronet (age 72) died. His son Henry (age 36) succeeded 4th Baronet Tate of Park Hill in Streatham in London.
On 25th April 1941 Harriet Grant-Suttie Lady Cooper (age 79) died.
On 25th April 1943 Leonard Stanford Merrifield (age 63) died.
On 25th April 1947 John Crichton-Stuart 4th Marquis of the Isle of Bute (age 65) died. His son John Crichton-Stuart (age 39) succeeded 5th Marquis of the Isle of Bute, 8th Earl Bute, 5th Earl of Windsor, 5th Viscount Mountjoy of the Isle of Wight. Eileen Forbes (age 35) by marriage Marchioness of the Isle of Bute.
On 25th April 1952 Gertrude "Gertie" Millar Countess of Dudley (age 73) died. She was buried at the Earl of Dudley's Memory Garden, St Michael's Church, Himley [Map].
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 25th April 2007 Edward Astley 22nd Baron Hastings (age 95) died. His son Delaval (age 47) succeeded 23rd Baron Hastings, 13th Baronet Astley of Hill Morton.
On 25th April 2014 Jocelyn Charles Roden Buxton 7th Baronet (age 89) died. His nephew Crispin (age 56) succeeded 8th Baronet Buxton of Belfield in Dorset.
On 25th April 2015 Edward Douglas Coke 7th Earl of Leicester (age 78) died. His son Thomas (age 49) succeeded 8th Earl of Leicester.
On 25th April 2019 Nigel Edward Seely 5th Baronet (age 95) died. His nephew William (age 35) succeeded 6th Baronet Seely of Brooke in the Isle of Wight.