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On this Day in History ... 28th February

28 Feb is in February.

1587 Execution of Mary Queen of Scots

1692 William III Creation of New Lords

See Births, Marriages and Deaths.

Events on the 28th February

On 28 Feb 1261 Margaret Dunkeld Queen Consort Norway was born to King Alexander III of Scotland (age 19) and Margaret Queen of Scotland (age 20). She a granddaughter of King Henry III of England.

On 28 Feb 1347 John Graham Earl Menteith was hanged, drawn and quartered by direct orders of King Edward I to whom he had previously sworn fealty.

On 28 Feb 1463 John Lovell 8th Baron Lovel 5th Baron Holand (age 30) died. On 28 Feb 1463 His son Francis Lovell 1st Viscount Lovell (age 7) succeeded 9th Baron Lovel of Titchmarsh, 6th Baron Holand at around eight years of age. He became a ward of King Edward IV of England (age 20) who gave his wardship to Richard "Kingmaker" Neville Earl Warwick, 6th Earl Salisbury (age 34) spending his childhood at Middleham Castle [Map] with the young (future) King Richard III of England (age 10).

On 28 Feb 1518 Francis Valois was born to King Francis I of France (age 23) and Claude Valois Orléans Queen Consort France (age 18). Coefficient of inbreeding 4.50%.

Diary of Edward VI. 28 Feb 1551. The lerned man Bucerus (age 59)3 died at Cambrige, who was tow daies after buried in Saint Maries church [Map], at Cambrige, al the hole universite with the hole towne bringing him to the grave, to the nombre 3,000 persons; also there was an oracion of mr. Haddon made verie eloquently at his death, and a sermon of (dr. Parker (age 46)).1a After that mr. Redman made a thirde sermon.2a Wich three sermons made the peple wonderfully to lament his death. Last of al, alle the learned men of th'universite made ther epitaphes in his praise, laieng them on his grave.3a

Note 3. Martin Bucer and Paul Fagius, having been invited from Strasburgh by Cranmer (age 61), arrived in London on the 25th of April, 1549. They resided at Lambeth for a quarter of a year, and then proceeded to Cambridge, where Bucer became professor of Divinity, and Fagius of Hebrew. The climate of the English university soon affected them. Fagius died on the 13th Nov. 1550, "after having suffered most severely from a quartan fever since the 28th of August." (Letter of Bucer in the Zurich Letters, iii. 549.) Bucer almost immediately — in the month of August 1549 — fell into ill health, suffering from a complication of disorders, from which he had a temporary reprieve at the time of the death of Fagius. (See his letter, dated May 18, 1550, ibid. p. 543.) There is a little book edited by Conrad Hubert entitled "Historia vera de vita, obitu, sepultura, accusatione hffireseos, condemnatione, honorificaq' tandem restitutione beatorum atque doctiss. Theologorum, D. Martini Buceri et Pauli Fagii, quas intra annos xii. in Anglias regno accidit. Item historia Catharinse Vermiliee, D. Petri Martyris Vermilij castiss. atque pijssims coniugis, eshumatje, eiusdemq; ad honestam sepulturam restitutse. Cum Orationibus, Concionib. Epitaphijs, uariisq; Encomiasticis carminibus, Lectu dignissimis. Omnia paucissimis hactenus uisa. 1562." (Colophon, Argentina, m.d. li.) fF. 215. 12mo. Foxe gives the particulars of the barbarous exhumation and cremation of the bones of Bucer and Fagius which subsequently took place in the reign of queen Mary, accompanied by a curious engraving of the scene. The bones of the "wife of Peter Martyr underwent the same ordeal at Oxford. Some interesting notices of King Edward from the pen of Bucer will be seen in the Biographical Memoir.

Note 1a. Bucer left Matthew Parker and Walter Haddon his executors. See in the Zurich Letters, iii. 361, one addressed by them to the guardians of Bucer's children, accompanied by an inventory of his personal property. The Latin oration of Haddon, who officiated as university orator, occurs in Haddoni Lucubrationes, Lond. 1597; also in Historia vera, mentioned in the preceding note, and in Buceri Scripta Anglicana (see next note), pp. 882 — 892. Parker's sermon was preached in English, but ex Anglico in Latinum versa was published both in the Historia vera and in Buceri Scripta Anghcana, pp. 892 — 899.

Note 2a. John Redman, master of Trinity college, preached on the day following the funeral. His sermon, which like Parker's was in English, does not appear to have been published. He died himself in the following November: see various documents relative to the "godly confession" he made on his death-bed printed by Foxe.

Note 3a. The "epitaphs" or epigrams were published in a book bearing this title: "De obitu doctissimi et sanctissimi theologi doctoris Martini Buceri, Eegij in celeberrima Cantabrigiensi Academia apud Anglos publice sacrarum literamm praelectoris, Epistolaj duse. Item, Epigrammata varia cum Græcæ (sic) tum Latinè conscripta in eundem fidelissimū Divini uerbi ministrum. Londini, Anno Domini m.d.li. (in officina Eeginaldi Vuolfij coloph.)," 4to. 52 leaves. The copy now in the Grenville collection in the British Museum was that which belonged to the earl of Arundel, and has his autograph ArundeL on the title-page. The book was edited by sir John Cheke; and the first of the two Epistolæ is addressed by him to Peter Martyr. It relates the proceedings on the day of the funeral, and is dated Westmonasterij, x Martij, M.D.Li. The second letter is addressed to Cheke by Nicholas Carr Novocastrensis (who was Cheke's successor as reader of Greek): it is dated from Trinity college, Cambridge, Anno Domini m.d.li. Id. Mart, and occupies the greater part of the book (27 leaves). Then follow the Epigrammata, which are by Henry duke of Suffolk (age 15), Charles Brandon (age 14) his brother, John lord Sheffield (age 13) (three young noblemen then at Cambridge), John Cheke, Anthony Cooke, Walter Haddon, Nicholas Carew (in Greek, the others in Latin), Robert Pember, Edward Bovington, Christopher Carlel (both in Latin and Greek), Miles Wilson, Henry Ailand (in Greek), John Tomson, John Frere (Latin and Greek), Thomas Gardiner, William Boyton (Greek), John Cul- peper (Latin and Greek), Eichard Kytchin, Peter Perusinus, Thomas Wilson, John Goodrich, Oswald Metcalfe, John Bacher (Baker?), WilKam Harward, Henry Wright, John Seman, Thomas Lews, William Temple, Nicholas Karvill (or Carvill, afterwards bishop elect of Worcester), William Leche, Francis Newton, Alexander Nowell, William Lewis, John Herd, Peter Bellopoelius, Bartholomew Traheron, Nicholas Udall, William Buckley, and Martin Fargan. Cheke has added an epitaph in Latin hexameters by himself on sir Anthony Denny, and four Greek lines headed "Marise Cicella; Epitaphium i. c.;" and the book concludes with a Latin letter addressed by him to Haddon, who was then seriously ill, shortly after the death of Bucer, dated 19 Martij, Anno 1551. Of this last a translation is given in Strype's Life of Cheke; but Strype never saw the book which has now been described. Its contents are all reprinted in the Historia vera, &c. already mentioned in the preceding notes, and again in Martini Buceri Scripta Anghcana fere omnia, also edited by Conrad Hubert, and printed Basilece, m.d.lxxvii. folio. An English letter from Cheke to Parker, written from Westminster on the 9th of March, is published with Cheke's "Gospel according to Saint Matthew," edited by James Goodwin, B.D. 1843, p. 115. It begins: "I have delivered the universitee lettres to the King's M. [this letter will be found in Dr. Lamb's Cambridge Documents, p. 154], and spoken with the lords of the councel, and with mi lord of Canturburie for mres Bucere. I dout not she schal be wel and worthili considered." As the result of this we find the following entries: — "March xxxi. A lettre to (blank)- to paie to mistress Bucer her husbandes half-yeres pencion due to Mm at our Ladies daie last past, although he died before, and to allowe her reasonabehe for suche reparacions as shee bestowed about her howse. — A passport for the said mistress Bucer, and viij persones in her compaaye." (Council Book.) The university gave the widow a hundred crowns, and the King as many marks. (Cooper's Annals of Cambridge, ii. 54.)

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Henry Machyn's Diary. 28 Feb 1552. The xxviij day of Feybruarii was bered the nobull [lady the] contes of Penbroke (deceased), and syster to the late qwyne and wyffe [to the] nobull Kyng Henry the viij. late kyng, and the good lade [the] contes of Penbroke the wyche she ded at Benard Castle [Map], and so cared unto Powlls. Ther was a C. [Note. 100] powre men and women had mantylle fryse gownes, then cam the haroldes, [then] the corse, and a-bowt her viij baners rolls of armes, and then cam the mornars boyth lordes and knyghts and gentyll men, and then cam the lades mornars and gentyll women mornars ij C. [then the] gentyll men and gentyll women, and after cam in cotts ij C. servandes and odur servandes, and she was bered by the tombe of [the duke] of Lankaster [Note. At St Paul's Cathedral [Map]], and after her banars wher sett up over her [and her] armes sett on dyvers pelers,-the vj King Edward vjth.

Note. Funeral of the countess of Pembroke. King Edward in his Diary records the death of the countess of Pembroke on the 20th Feb. 1551–2. As sister to queen Katharine Parr, she was a person of high consideration. A magnificent canopied monument to William Herbert, earl of Pembroke, and his countess Anne, with their recumbent effigies, and kneeling effigies of their three children, Henry earl of Pembroke, sir Edward Herbert knt. and Anne lady Talbot, was erected in St. Paul's cathedral, next the monument of John of Ghent, duke of Lancaster, and is represented in a plate of Dugdale's History of St. Paul's.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 28 Feb 1561. The xxviij day of Feybruary dyd pryche at the cowrt master Pylkyngtun (age 41) electyd pyshope of Durram a-for the quen('s) (age 27) grace, and made a godly sermon, and grett audyens.... the Marsalsay [Map] to be cared into the co[untry ...] men that was cast in Westmynster hall for robere done the last day of terme.

Calendar of State Papers of Spain Volume 4 1587 1603. 28 Feb 1587. Paris [Map]. Bernardino De Mendoza (age 47) to the King (age 59). Note. Assumed to be the Spanish King Philip II.

The English ambassador sent the confidant (i.e., Charles Arundel (age 54)) to me this morning to say that as it was so important that your Majesty should be informed instantly of the news he had received last night from England, that he sent to tell me of it, and openly to confess me his anxiety to serve your Majesty. He offered himself entirely through me, in the assurance that your Majesty would not order him to do anything against the interest of his mistress the Queen (age 53), who however, he could plainly see, had not long to live now that she had allowed the execution of the Queen of Scotland (age 44). It happened in this way. The Lord Treasurer (age 66) being absent through illness, the earl of Leicester (age 54), Lord Hunsdon (age 60), Lord Admiral Howard (age 51) and Walsingham (age 55), had represented to the Queen that the Parliament would resolutely refuse to vote any money to maintain the war in Holland, or to fit out a naval force to help Don Antonio, unless she executed the Queen of Scotland. Under this pressure she consented to sign a warrant, as they called it, that the Parliament might see, but which was not to be executed, unless it were proved that the Queen of Scotland conspired again against her life. As Secretary Walsingham was ill this warrant was taken to the Queen for her signature by Davison (age 46), and after she had signed it she ordered him not to give it to anyone unless she gave him personally her authority to do so. Davison, who is a terrible heretic and an enemy of the Queen of Scotland, like the rest of the above-mentioned, delivered the warrant to them. They took a London executioner and sent him with the warrant to the justice of the county where the Queen of Scotland was. The moment the justice received it, on the 8th [NOTE. Appears to be a typo; original says 18th], he entered the Queen of Scotland's chamber with Paulet (age 54) and Lord Grey (age 46), who had charge of her, and there they had her head cut off with a hatchet in the presence of the four persons only. The Queen orders her ambassador to inform this King of it, and assure him, as she will more fully by a special envoy, that the deed was done against her will, and although she had signed the warrant she had no intention of having it carried out. She cannot avoid blaming herself for having trusted anyone but herself in such a matter. The ambassador is begging earnestly for an audience and is keeping the matter secret until he tells the King. In order that no time may be lost in informing your Majesty, I send this special courier in the name of merchants, by way of Bordeaux, whence he will go post to Irun; and as God has so willed that these accursed people, for His ends, should fall into "reprobrium sensum," and against all reason commit such an act as this, it is evidently His design to deliver those two kingdoms into your Majesty's hands. I thanked the ambassador in general terms for his offer, saying that I would give an account thereof to your Majesty. As I have formerly said, it will be most advisable to accept it, and pledge him to give us notice of any machinations here and in England against us. He reports that the fitting out of ships continues but in no greater number than he previously advised, although the rumour is current here that there would be 60 English, besides the Hollanders, but that the crews, etc. were not raised and no time fixed for the departure. The ambassador says he will have full information on the point when a gentleman of his has arrived whom he had sent to England to gain intelligence, as Cecil only writes now to say that the execution of the Queen of Scotland has been against his will, as he, the ambassador knew; and that the King, her son, was in great danger of suffering a similar fate. The execution was known in London on the 20th when the executioner returned, and great bonfires had been lit for joy all over the countryside. They did not even give her time to commend her soul to God. .

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On 28 Feb 1648 Christian IV King Denmark (age 70) died. His son Frederick III King Denmark (age 38) succeeded III King Denmark. Sophie Amalie Hanover Queen Consort Denmark (age 19) by marriage Queen Consort Denmark.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 28 Feb 1660. Tuesday. Up in the morning, and had some red herrings to our breakfast, while my boot-heel was a-mending, by the same token the boy left the hole as big as it was before. Then to horse, and for London through the forest, where we found the way good, but only in one path, which we kept as if we had rode through a canal all the way. We found the shops all shut, and the militia of the red regiment in arms at the Old Exchange, among whom I found and spoke to Nich. Osborne, who told me that it was a thanksgiving-day through the City for the return of the Parliament. At Paul's I light, Mr. Blayton holding my horse, where I found Dr. Reynolds' in the pulpit, and General Monk (age 51) there, who was to have a great entertainment at Grocers' Hall. So home, where my wife and all well. Shifted myself,-[Changed his dress.]-and so to Mr. Crew's (age 62), and then to Sir Harry Wright's (age 23), where I found my Lord at dinner, who called for me in, and was glad to see me. There was at dinner also Mr. John Wright and his lady, a very pretty lady, Alderman Allen's (age 27) daughter. I dined here with Will. Howe, and after dinner went out with him to buy a hat (calling in my way and saw my mother), which we did at the Plough in Fleet Street by my Lord's direction, but not as for him. Here we met with Mr. Pierce a little before, and he took us to the Greyhound Tavern, and gave us a pint of wine, and as the rest of the seamen do, talked very high again of my Lord. After we had done about the hat we went homewards, he to Mr. Crew's and I to Mrs. Jem, and sat with her a little. Then home, where I found Mr. Sheply, almost drunk, come to see me, afterwards Mr. Spong comes, with whom I went up and played with him a Duo or two, and so good night. I was indeed a little vexed with Mr. Sheply, but said nothing, about his breaking open of my study at my house, merely to give him the key of the stair door at my Lord's, which lock he might better have broke than mine.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 28 Feb 1663. Thence he and I to my Lord Sandwich (age 37), who continues troubled with his cold. Our discourse most upon the outing of Sir R. Bernard, and my Lord's being made Recorder of Huntingdon [Map] in his stead, which he seems well contented with, saying, that it may be for his convenience to have the chief officer of the town dependent upon him, which is very true.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 28 Feb 1664. Lord's Day. Up and walked to Paul's; and by chance it was an extraordinary day for the Readers of the Inns of Court and all the Students to come to church, it being an old ceremony not used these twenty-five years, upon the first Sunday in Lent. Abundance there was of Students, more than there was room to seat but upon forms, and the Church mighty full. One Hawkins preached, an Oxford man. A good sermon upon these words: "But the wisdom from above is first pure, then peaceable". Both before and after sermon I was most impatiently troubled at the Quire, the worst that ever I heard. But what was extraordinary, the Bishop of London (age 72), who sat there in a pew, made a purpose for him by the pulpitt, do give the last blessing to the congregation; which was, he being a comely old man, a very decent thing, methought.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 28 Feb 1667. So back home and to dinner, where Mr. Holliard (age 58) dined with us, and pleasant company he is. I love his company, and he secures me against ever having the stone again. He gives it me, as his opinion, that the City will never be built again together, as is expected, while any restraint is laid upon them. He hath been a great loser, and would be a builder again, but, he says, he knows not what restrictions there will be, so as it is unsafe for him to begin.

John Evelyn's Diary. 28 Feb 1671. [Note. Original entry stated 29 Feb 1671 which is clearly incorrect since 1671 isn't a leap year.] I went to thank the Treasurer (age 40), who was my great friend and loved me; I dined with him and much company, and went thence to my Lord Arlington (age 53), Secretary of State, in whose favor I likewise was upon many occasions, though I cultivated neither of their friendships by any mean submissions. I kissed his Majesty's (age 40) hand, on his making me one of the new-established Council.

John Evelyn's Diary. 28 Feb 1676. [Note. Date adjusted to 28 Feb since original entry stated 29 Feb when it isn't a leap year.] I dined with Mr. Povey (age 62), one of the Masters of Requests, a nice contriver of all elegancies, and exceedingly formal. Supped with Sir J. Williamson, where were of our Society Mr. Robert Boyle (age 49), Sir Christopher Wren (age 52), Sir William Petty (age 52), Dr. Holden, subdean of his Majesty's (age 45) Chapel, Sir James Shaen, Dr. Whistler, and our Secretary, Mr. Oldenburg (age 57).

John Evelyn's Diary. 28 Feb 1692. Lord Marlborough (age 41) having used words against the King (age 41), and been discharged from all his great places, his wife (age 31) was forbidden the Court, and the Princess of Denmark (age 27) was desired by the Queen (age 29) to dismiss her from her service; but she refusing to do so, goes away from Court to Sion house [Map]. Divers new Lords made: Sir Henry Capel (age 53), Sir William Fermor (age 43), etc. Change of Commissioners in the Treasury. The Parliament adjourned, not well satisfied with affairs. The business of the East India Company, which they would have reformed, let fall. The Duke of Norfolk (age 37) does not succeed in his endeavor to be divorced.

On 28 Feb 1848 Jessie Dalrymple Goddard (age 23) died from childbirth a few weeks after the birth of their only child Ernest Ambrose Vivian 2nd Baron Swansea.

On 28 Feb 1869 Violet Caroline Mordaunt Marchioness Bath was born to Lowry Cole 4th Earl Enniskillen (age 23) and Harriet Moncreiffe Lady Mordaunt (age 21). her paternity is speculative since she was married to Charles Mordaunt 10th Baronet (age 32) at the time of the birth. At the time of conception he had been away on an extended trip to Norway. The followin gyear he sued for divorce threatening to bring the Prince of Wales (age 27) as a co-respondent being, allegedly, one of her many lovers. The divorce was denied as Lady Mordaunt was judged to be insane, but was finally granted in 1875 when Cole did not contest the claim that he was the father.

The London Gazette 24071. Whitehall, February 28, 1874.

The Queen (age 54) has been pleased to direct Letters Patent to be passed under the Great Seal granting the dignity of an Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland unto the Right Honourable John Robert, Viscount Sydney (age 68), GCB, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, style, and title of Earl Sydney, of Scadbury, in the county of Kent. [Note. Emily Paget Countess Sydney Scadbury Kent (age 63) by marriage Countess Sydney of Scadbury in Kent.]

The Queen has been pleased to direct Letters Patent to be passed under the Great Seal granting the dignity of a Viscount of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland unto the Right Honourable Edward Cardwell, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, style, and title of Viscount Cardwell, of Ellerbeck, in the county palatine of Lancaster.

The Queen has been pleased to direct Letters Patent to be passed under the Great Seal granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to the undermentioned persons, and the respective heirs male of their bodies lawfully begotten:-

The Right Honourable Chichester Samuel Parkinson-Fortescue (age 51), by the name, style, and title of Baron Carlingford, of Carlingford, in the county of Louth.

The Right Honourable Sir Thomas Francis Fremantle (age 75), Bart., by the name, style, and title of Baron Cottesloe, of Swanbourne, and of Hardwick, in the county of Buckingham. [Louisa Elizabeth Nugent Baroness Cottesloe (age 71) by marriage Baroness Cottesloe of Swanbourne and Hardwick in Buckinghamshire]

The Right Honourable Edmund Hammond, by the name, style, and title of Baron Hammond, of Kirkella, in the town and county of the town of Kingston-upon-Hull.

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On 28 Feb 1878 Reginald James Macartney Greville-Nugent (age 29) was killed racing following a fall in a steeplechase at Sandown Park.

On 28 Feb 1881 Fernando Sanz y Martínez de Arizala Bourbon was born illegitimately to Alfonso XII King Spain (age 23) and Elena Armanda Sanz at Madrid [Map].

Letters of Christina Rossetti. 30 Torrington Square-W.C., Saturday 28th [?February 1885]

My dear Alice (age 60),

My Mother & I pay you affectionate thanks-to you & to Mrs Scott-for offering us this time a friendly pleasure we can accept. With your leave we hope to be with you at 2 o'clock next Thursday, & shall be happy to see the Miss Courtneys again, & to look forward to a late view of Mr Scott. Pray observe that your memoria technica has enabled me to spell your sisters' names correctly.1 It is happy for me that you did not select Thursday in this week, as I am struggling thro' an amorphous phase thanks to a gathering in my nose! but by next Thursday I trust I may be presentable to indulgent eyes. My dearest Mother's health continues, I am thankful to say, good, & she takes her little walks despite various winds of the compass.

With my Aunt's remembrances

Always your affectionate

Christina G. Rossetti (age 54)

Note 1. Actually AB's half sisters, born to her mother Margaret Losh Boyd who married Henry Courtney after her first husband's death. AB's brother, Spencer Boyd, thirteenth laird of Penkill Castle, left the property to Alice at his death in 1865 but with the proviso that if she died without an heir it would pass to one of his mother's remaining children. Thus, when AB died on 11 April 1897, Penkill and the title were inherited by Eleanor Margaret Courtney Boyd (fifteenth laird), the eldest of the half sisters mentioned in this letter.

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On 28 Feb 1905 Judith Fitzherbert (age 83) died. Memorial at St Mary's Church, Tissington [Map],

Judith Fitzherbert: On 02 Jun 1821 she was born to Henry FitzHerbert 3rd Baronet and Agnes Beresford Lady Fitzherbert.

On 28 Feb 1912 Bertil Bernadotte was born to Gustaf Adolph VI King Sweden (age 29) and Margaret "Daisy" Windsor (age 30). He a great grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

On 28 Feb 1922 Henry Lascelles 6th Earl Harewood (age 39) and Princess Mary Windsor Countess Harewood (age 24) were married at Westminster Abbey [Map]. His best-man was Major Victor Mackenzie 3rd Baronet (age 39). Her bridesmaids included Doris Hilda Gordon-Lennox (age 25), Mary Cambridge Duchess Beaufort (age 24), Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon Queen Consort England (age 21), Princess Maud Duff Countess Southesk (age 28), Rachel Cavendish (age 20), Helen Diana Bridgeman (age 14), Mary Beatrice Thynne Baroness Nunburnholme (age 18) and Princess May of Teck (age 16). The wedding was attending by her father and mother King George V of the United Kingdom (age 56) and Victoria Mary Teck Queen Consort England (age 54). She the daughter of King George V of the United Kingdom and Victoria Mary Teck Queen Consort England. He the son of Henry Ulrick Lascelles 5th Earl Harewood (age 75) and Florence Katharine Bridgeman Countess Harewood (age 63).

28 Feb 1922 . Photograph of the wedding of Henry Lascelles 6th Earl Harewood (age 39) and Princess Mary Windsor Countess Harewood (age 24) with King George V of the United Kingdom (age 56) and Victoria Mary Teck Queen Consort England (age 54).

On 28 Feb 1941 Alfonso XIII King Spain (age 54) died.

Births on the 28th February

On 28 Feb 1261 Margaret Dunkeld Queen Consort Norway was born to King Alexander III of Scotland (age 19) and Margaret Queen of Scotland (age 20). She a granddaughter of King Henry III of England.

On 28 Feb 1333 William Ferrers 3rd Baron Ferrers of Groby was born to Henry Ferrers 2nd Baron Ferrers of Groby (age 30) and Isabel Verdun Baroness Ferrers Groby (age 16). He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward I of England.

On 28 Feb 1518 Francis Valois was born to King Francis I of France (age 23) and Claude Valois Orléans Queen Consort France (age 18). Coefficient of inbreeding 4.50%.

On 28 Feb 1591 Henry Clifford 5th Earl of Cumberland was born to Francis Clifford 4th Earl of Cumberland (age 32) and Grisold Hughes Countess Cumberland.

On 28 Feb 1611 William Brereton 2nd Baron Brereton was born to John Bererton (age 20) and Anne Fitton (age 17).

On 28 Feb 1627 Aubrey de Vere 20th Earl of Oxford was born to Robert de Vere 19th Earl of Oxford (age 51) and Beatrice Van Hemmema Countess of Oxford (age 47).

On 28 Feb 1639 William Barkham 3rd Baronet was born to Edward Barkham 1st Baronet (age 47) and Francis Berney.

On or before 28 Feb 1645 Francois de Troy was born.

On 28 Feb 1705 John Molesworth 4th Baronet was born to John Molesworth 3rd Baronet (age 36) and Jane Arscott Lady Molesworth (age 26).

On 28 Feb 1707 Philip Roper 9th Baron Teynham was born to Henry Roper 8th Baron Teynham (age 31) and Catherine Smythe Baroness Teynham.

Before 28 Feb 1711 John Stanley-Massey-Stanley 6th Baronet was born to William Stanley 3rd Baronet (age 32).

On 28 Feb 1724 George Townshend 1st Marquess Townshend was born to Charles Townshend 3rd Viscount Townsend (age 23) and Audrey aka Etheldreda Harrison (age 16).

On 28 Feb 1728 Thomas Pelham 1st Earl Chichester was born to Thomas "Turk" Pelham (age 23).

On 03 Feb 1731 Francis Eliott 5th Baronet was born to John Eliott 4th Baronet (age 25). He was baptised at St George's Church, Hanover Square on 28 Feb 1731.

On 28 Feb 1750 Cecilia Lennox was born to Charles Lennox 2nd Duke Richmond (age 48) and Sarah Cadogan Duchess Richmond (age 44). She a great granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 28 Feb 1823 Captain William Monck was born to Charles Monck 3rd Viscount Monck (age 31) and Bridget Willington (age 33).

On 28 Feb 1830 John Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes 11th or 17th Baron Saye and Sele was born to Frederick Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes 10th or 16th Baron Saye and Sele (age 30) and Emily Wingfield (age 32).

On 28 Feb 1869 Violet Caroline Mordaunt Marchioness Bath was born to Lowry Cole 4th Earl Enniskillen (age 23) and Harriet Moncreiffe Lady Mordaunt (age 21). her paternity is speculative since she was married to Charles Mordaunt 10th Baronet (age 32) at the time of the birth. At the time of conception he had been away on an extended trip to Norway. The followin gyear he sued for divorce threatening to bring the Prince of Wales (age 27) as a co-respondent being, allegedly, one of her many lovers. The divorce was denied as Lady Mordaunt was judged to be insane, but was finally granted in 1875 when Cole did not contest the claim that he was the father.

On 28 Feb 1876 Dudley Pigott aka Carleton 2nd Baron Dorchester was born to Francis Paynton Pigott and Henrietta Carleton 1st Baroness Dorchester (age 30).

On 28 Feb 1881 Fernando Sanz y Martínez de Arizala Bourbon was born illegitimately to Alfonso XII King Spain (age 23) and Elena Armanda Sanz at Madrid [Map].

On 28 Feb 1882 Gerald Shuckburgh 11th Baronet was born to George Thomas Shuckburgh 9th Baronet (age 52) and Ida Florence Geraldine Robertson Lady Schuckburgh. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.13%.

On 28 Feb 1897 Cyril Holland Shakerley 5th Baronet was born to George Herbert Shakerley 4th Baronet (age 33) and Evelyn Mary France-Hayhurst Lady Shakerley (age 27).

On 28 Feb 1905 John North was born to Frederick George North 8th Earl Guildford (age 28).

On 28 Feb 1912 Bertil Bernadotte was born to Gustaf Adolph VI King Sweden (age 29) and Margaret "Daisy" Windsor (age 30). He a great grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

Marriages on the 28th February

Around 28 Feb 1292 Hugh Courtenay 9th Earl Devon (age 15) and Agnes St John Countess Devon (age 17) were married. She by marriage Baroness Okehampton. He a great x 5 grandson of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England.

Before 28 Feb 1333 Henry Ferrers 2nd Baron Ferrers of Groby (age 30) and Isabel Verdun Baroness Ferrers Groby (age 16) were married. She by marriage Baroness Ferrers of Groby. She a great granddaughter of King Edward I of England.

On or after 28 Feb 1422, the date of the licence, John Tiptoft 1st Baron Tiptoft and Joyce Charleton Baroness Tiptoft (age 18) were married. She by marriage Baroness Tiptoft. She the daughter of Edward Charleton 5th Baron Cherleton and Eleanor Holland Countess March and Ulster. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.

After 28 Feb 1463 William Stanley (age 28) and Joan Beaumont Baroness Lovel (age 28) were married. She the daughter of John Beaumont 1st Viscount Beaumont and Katherine Neville Duchess Norfolk (age 63). They were half third cousin once removed. He a great x 4 grandson of King Edward I of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.

On 28 Feb 1607 Grey Brydges 5th Baron Chandos (age 27) and Anne Stanley Countess Castlehaven (age 26) were married. She the daughter of Ferdinando Stanley 5th Earl of Derby and Alice Spencer Countess Derby (age 57). She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland.

On 28 Feb 1620 Thomas Knyvet 5th Baron Berners (age 23) and Frances Vaughan were married.

On 28 Feb 1652 Charles Paulet 1st Duke Bolton (age 22) and Christian Freschville (age 18) were married. He the son of John Paulet 5th Marquess Winchester (age 54) and Jane Savage Marchioness Winchester.

After 28 Feb 1681 Charles Cornwallis 3rd Baron Cornwallis (age 25) and Anne Scott Duchess Monmouth and Buccleuch (age 30) were married. She the daughter of Francis Scott 2nd Earl Buccleuch and Margaret Leslie Countess Buccleuch and Wemyss (age 60).

On 28 Feb 1692 Algernon Capell 2nd Earl Essex (age 21) and Mary Bentinck Countess Essex (age 12) were married. She by marriage Countess Essex. She the daughter of William Bentinck 1st Earl of Portland (age 42) and Anne Villiers Countess Portland. He the son of Arthur Capell 1st Earl Essex and Elizabeth Percy Countess Essex (age 56). They were half third cousins.

On 28 Feb 1778 Harry Trelawny 7th Baronet (age 21) and Anne Brown Lady Trelawny were married at Kingston St Mary, Somerset. She by marriage Lady Trelawny of Trelawny in Cornwall.

On 28 Feb 1796 George Augustus North 3rd Earl Guildford (age 38) and Susan Coutts Countess Guilford were married. She by marriage Countess Guildford. He the son of Frederick North 2nd Earl Guildford and Anne Speke Countess Guilford (age 56).

On 28 Feb 1811 Sackville Tufton 9th Earl of Thanet (age 41) and Anne Charlotte de Bojanowitz were married at St George's Church, Hanover Square. He the son of Sackville Tufton 8th Earl of Thanet and Mary Sackville Countess Thanet (age 64).

On 28 Feb 1825 William Cholmondeley 3rd Marquess Cholmondeley (age 24) and Marcia Emma Georgiana Arbuthnot Marchioness Cholmondeley (age 21) were married at Cholmondeley House. He the son of George Cholmondeley 1st Marquess Cholmondeley (age 75) and Georgina Charlotte Bertie Marchioness Cholmondeley (age 63).

Before 28 Feb 1833 James aka John Wilson Carmichael (age 32) and Mary Sweet (age 28) were married.

Before 28 Feb 1921 Marmaduke Furness 1st Viscount Furness (age 37) and Ada "Daisy" Hogg Viscountess Furness were married. She by marriage Viscountess Furness of Grantley in the West Riding of Yorkshire.

On 28 Feb 1922 Henry Lascelles 6th Earl Harewood (age 39) and Princess Mary Windsor Countess Harewood (age 24) were married at Westminster Abbey [Map]. His best-man was Major Victor Mackenzie 3rd Baronet (age 39). Her bridesmaids included Doris Hilda Gordon-Lennox (age 25), Mary Cambridge Duchess Beaufort (age 24), Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon Queen Consort England (age 21), Princess Maud Duff Countess Southesk (age 28), Rachel Cavendish (age 20), Helen Diana Bridgeman (age 14), Mary Beatrice Thynne Baroness Nunburnholme (age 18) and Princess May of Teck (age 16). The wedding was attending by her father and mother King George V of the United Kingdom (age 56) and Victoria Mary Teck Queen Consort England (age 54). She the daughter of King George V of the United Kingdom and Victoria Mary Teck Queen Consort England. He the son of Henry Ulrick Lascelles 5th Earl Harewood (age 75) and Florence Katharine Bridgeman Countess Harewood (age 63).

Before 28 Feb 1939 Edward Arthur Colebrooke 1st Baron Colebrooke (age 77) and Alexandra Harriet Paget (age 74) were married.

Deaths on the 28th February

On 28 Feb 1105 Raymond Rouerge IV Count Toulose (age 64) died. His son Alphonse Rouerge I Count Toulose (age 2) succeeded I Count Toulose.

On 28 Feb 1141 Helie Burgundy Countess Ponthieu (age 61) died.

On 28 Feb 1261 Henry Reginar III Duke Brabant (age 31) died. His son Henry Reginar IV Duke Brabant (age 10) succeeded IV Duke Brabant.

On 28 Feb 1292 Hugh Courtenay 3rd Baron Okehampton (age 40) died at Cullicombe, Devon. His son Hugh Courtenay 9th Earl Devon (age 15) succeeded 4th Baron Okehampton.

On 28 Feb 1326 Leopold Habsburg I Duke Austria (age 35) died. His brother Albert Habsburg II Duke Austria (age 27) succeeded II Duke Austria.

On 28 Feb 1336 William Zouche 1st Baron Zouche Mortimer (age 71) died at Tewkesbury Abbey [Map]. He was buried at Tewkesbury Abbey [Map]. His son Alan Zouche 2nd Baron Zouche Mortimer (age 18) succeeded 2nd Baron Zouche Mortimer. Eleanor Damory Baroness Zouche Mortimer (age 17) by marriage Baroness Zouche Mortimer.

On 28 Feb 1347 John Graham Earl Menteith was hanged, drawn and quartered by direct orders of King Edward I to whom he had previously sworn fealty.

On 28 Feb 1463 John Lovell 8th Baron Lovel 5th Baron Holand (age 30) died. On 28 Feb 1463 His son Francis Lovell 1st Viscount Lovell (age 7) succeeded 9th Baron Lovel of Titchmarsh, 6th Baron Holand at around eight years of age. He became a ward of King Edward IV of England (age 20) who gave his wardship to Richard "Kingmaker" Neville Earl Warwick, 6th Earl Salisbury (age 34) spending his childhood at Middleham Castle [Map] with the young (future) King Richard III of England (age 10).

On 28 Feb 1550 Thomas Burgh 7th Baron Cobham 5th Baron Strabolgi 1st Baron Burgh (age 62) died. His son William Burgh 8th Baron Cobham 6th Baron Strabolgi 2nd Baron Burgh (age 17) succeeded 8th Baron Cobham, 6th Baron Strabolgi, 2nd Baron Burgh.

On 28 Feb 1619 Barbara Cholmley Viscountess Faunconberg (age 44) died.

Before 28 Feb 1645 Philip Knyvet 1st Baronet (age 75) died. His son Robert Knyvet 2nd Baronet succeeded 2nd Baronet Knyvet of Buckenham in Norfolk.

On 28 Feb 1648 Christian IV King Denmark (age 70) died. His son Frederick III King Denmark (age 38) succeeded III King Denmark. Sophie Amalie Hanover Queen Consort Denmark (age 19) by marriage Queen Consort Denmark.

Before 28 Feb 1651 Thomas Bowyer 1st Baronet (age 64) died. He was buried at the Church of St Stephen, North Mudham on 28 Feb 1651. His son Thomas Bowyer 2nd Baronet (age 42) succeeded 2nd Baronet Bowyer of Leighthorne in Sussex.

On 28 Feb 1681 Elizabeth Fox Baroness Cornwallis died.

On 28 Feb 1684 Elizabeth Bertie Lady Stapleton died.

On 28 Feb 1703 Roger Twisden 2nd Baronet (age 62) died. His son Thomas Twisden 3rd Baronet (age 33) succeeded 3rd Baronet Twisden of Bradbourne in Kent.

Around 28 Feb 1713 Anne Morice Lady Pole (age 60) died.

On 28 Feb 1716 William Drake 4th Baronet (age 57) died. His son John Drake 5th Baronet (age 27) succeeded 5th Baronet Drake of Ashe in Devon.

On 28 Feb 1717 James Smyth of Isfield 1st Baronet (age 31) died. His son Robert Smyth of Isfield 2nd Baronet (age 8) succeeded 2nd Baronet Smyth of Isfield.

On 28 Feb 1718 Arabella Bertie Countess Rivers died.

On 28 Feb 1722 William Kerr 2nd Marquess Lothian (age 61) died. His son William Kerr 3rd Marquess Lothian (age 32) succeeded 3rd Marquess Lothian.

Around 28 Feb 1729 Edmund Prideaux 5th Baronet (age 43) died. His brother John Prideaux 6th Baronet (age 33) succeeded 6th Baronet Prideaux of Netherton in Devon. Anne Vaughan Lady Prideaux (age 32) by marriage Lady Prideaux of Netherton in Devon.

On 28 Feb 1778 Margaret Tufton Countess Leicester (age 77) died. Baron de Clifford abeyant.

On 28 Feb 1791 Alice Astley Countess Tankerville (age 74) died.

On 28 Feb 1818 Anne Vallayer Coster (age 73) died.

On 28 Feb 1835 Reverend William Nelson 1st Earl Nelson (age 77) died. His nephew Thomas Bolton aka Nelson 2nd Earl Nelson (age 48) succeeded 2nd Earl Nelson of Trafalgar and Merson in Surrey, 2nd Viscount Merton and changed his surname from Bolton to Nelson.

On 28 Feb 1848 Jessie Dalrymple Goddard (age 23) died from childbirth a few weeks after the birth of their only child Ernest Ambrose Vivian 2nd Baron Swansea.

On 28 Feb 1907 Henrietta Anne Theodosia Vyner Marchioness Ripon (age 73) died.

On 28 Feb 1913 Gertrude Thynne Countess Kenmare died.

On 28 Feb 1921 Ada "Daisy" Hogg Viscountess Furness died aboard the Furness yacht Sapphire off the coast of Portugal, while recovering from an operation. She was buried at sea.

On 28 Feb 1927 Luke Fildes (age 83) died.

On 28 Feb 1941 Alfonso XIII King Spain (age 54) died.

On 28 Feb 1951 George Oliver Colthurst 7th Baronet (age 68) died. His brother Richard St John Jefferyes Colthurst 8th Baronet (age 63) succeeded 8th Baronet Colthurst of Ardum in County Cork.

On 28 Feb 1963 Harold St George Gray (age 91) died.