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On this Day in History ... 29th July

29 Jul is in July.

796 Death of King Offa

1399 Execution of Richard II's Favourites

1418 Siege of Rouen

1476 Reburial of Richard and Edmund of York

1641 Jul 1641 Creation of Baronets

1666 Great Plague of London

1666 St James' Day Battle

See Births, Marriages and Deaths.

Events on the 29th July

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 796. This year died Pope Adrian; and also Offa, King of Mercia, on the fourth day before the ides of August, after he had reigned forty winters.

On 29 Jul 796 King Offa of Mercia died. His son King Ecgfrith of Mercia succeeded King Mercia.

On 29 Jul 1030 King Olaf II of Norway (age 35) was killed by his own people.

On 29 Jul 1237 Ingeborg Estridsen Queen Consort France (age 63) died.

On 29 Jul 1356 King Martin I of Aragon was born to Peter IV King Aragon (age 36) and Eleanor Barcelona Queen Consort Aragon. Coefficient of inbreeding 2.45%.

On 29 Jul 1418 the English forces commenced the Siege of Rouen. Robert Willoughby 6th Baron Willoughby (age 33) fought. John Blount (age 30) died. William Harrington (age 45), the King's Standard Bearer, was wounded.

Walter Hungerford 1st Baron Hungerford (age 40) fought.

Henry Beaufort 2nd Earl Somerset (age 17) was killed. His brother John Beaufort 1st Duke of Somerset (age 15) succeeded 3rd Earl Somerset.

On 29 Jul 1460 Thomas Browne (age 58) was beheaded at Tyburn [Map].

Before 29 Jul 1476 the remains of Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York and his son Edmund were removed from Pontefract Priory [Map] to be reburied at St Mary and All Saints Church, Fotheringhay [Map]. On their journey south they spent two nights at Blackfriars Friary, Stamford [Map].

On 29 Jul 1476 Edward I's paternal grand-father Edward of York, Richard of York and his younger brother Edmund were reburied at St Mary and All Saints in Fotheringhay [Map] in a ceremony attended by King Edward IV of England (age 34), George York 1st Duke of Clarence (age 26), Thomas Grey 1st Marquess Dorset (age 21), William Hastings 1st Baron Hastings (age 45), Anthony Woodville 2nd Earl Rivers (age 36).

Thomas Whiting, Chester Harald wrote:

n 24 July [1476] the bodies were exhumed, that of the Duke, garbed in an ermine furred mantle and cap of maintenance, covered with a cloth of gold lay in state under a hearse blazing with candles, guarded by an angel of silver, bearing a crown of gold as a reminder that by right the Duke had been a king. On its journey, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, with other lords and officers of arms, all dressed in mourning, followed the funeral chariot, drawn by six horses, with trappings of black, charged with the arms of France and England and preceded by a knight bearing the banner of the ducal arms. Fotheringhay was reached on 29 July, where members of the college and other ecclesiastics went forth to meet the cortege. At the entrance to the churchyard, King Edward waited, together with the Duke of Clarence, the Marquis of Dorset, Earl Rivers, Lord Hastings and other noblemen. Upon its arrival the King made obeisance to the body right humbly and put his hand on the body and kissed it, crying all the time. The procession moved into the church where two hearses were waiting, one in the choir for the body of the Duke and one in the Lady Chapel for that of the Earl of Rutland, and after the King had retired to his closet and the princes and officers of arms had stationed themselves around the hearses, masses were sung and the King's chamberlain offered for him seven pieces of cloth of gold which were laid in a cross on the body. The next day three masses were sung, the Bishop of Lincoln preached a very noble sermon and offerings were made by the Duke of Gloucester and other lords, of The Duke of York's coat of arms, of his shield, his sword, his helmet and his coursers on which rode Lord Ferrers in full armour, holding in his hand an axe reversed. When the funeral was over, the people were admitted into the church and it is said that before the coffins were placed in the vault which had been built under the chancel, five thousand persons came to receive the alms, while four times that number partook of the dinner, served partly in the castle and partly in the King's tents and pavilions. The menu included capons, cygnets, herons, rabbits and so many good things that the bills for it amounted to more than three hundred pounds.

Wriothesley's Chronicle 1510-1519. 29 Jul 1518. aThis yeare, on a Thursday, the 29th day of Julie, a legat (age 43)b came from the Pope, and was receaved into London at after-noone. And there receaved him at the Black Heath [Map] the Bishop of Dunham (age 46), Bishop of Ely, the Duke of Northfolke (age 45),c with divers other great lordes and knightes, and all the orders of friers, channons, moncks of Stratforde and Tower Hill, with all parsons and priestes of all the parishe churches in London, stoode all in coopes with crosses, candlestickes, and sensors, from St. Georges barre in Southwark to Leaden Hall comer. And ever as the legatt passed by them they sensed him; and so was he receaved thorowe the Cittie; he havinge borne before him 2 pillers of sylver and guylt, and he himselfe ridinge in redd chamlett,d with his cardinalls hatt on his heade, and the Major and Aldermen, with all the crafts of the Cittie, standinge in Cheepe-syde in their best liveries. And when he came before the Major and Aldermen yonge Mr. More (age 40) made there to him a proposition for the Cittie,e and so he rode thorowe Paules Churche yeard. And when he came at the west dore of Powles the Bishop of London,f with all Powles quier, receaved him with procession in copes of cloth of golde, and a riche canopie of cloth of golde borne over his heade, and so brought him to the highe alter, where he saide his devotions and offered; and that done, he rode to the Bishopp of Bathes place at Temple barre, which was prepared for him, and so there remayned.

Note a. This is the first instance in which onr Chronicler gires a nrach fuller account of the proceedings than is to be found in Arnold's Chronicle, which ends in the jear following.

Note b. Cardinal Campeggio, called also Laurence Campeins.

Note c. Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey, had the title of Duke of Norfolk restored to him for the great victory gained by him at Flodden, 1513, Sept 9.

Note d. Whilst delaying at Calais for the return of the papal bull Wolsey (age 45)s had snpplied him with red cloth to clothe his servants, who, at their first coming, were but meanly apparelled. Hall, ed. 1809, p. 692.

Note e. Sir Thomas More made a brief oration to him in the name of the City. — Hall's Chronicle, cd. 1809, p. 693.

Note f. Richard Fitz-James.

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Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary 1553. 29 Jul 1553. "The lady Elizabethes (age 19) grace came the 29. of July to Somerset place, well accompanyed with gentlemen, and others, righte strongly, and theare she rested a nighte, and the morowe ensuinge she went throwghe Cheapside to meete the queenes grace to London-wardes, who is loked for the 3. or 4. of Auguste.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 29 Jul 1557. The sam day began the herse at Westmynster for my lade Anne of Cleyff (deceased), with carpynters worke of vij prensepalles, as goodly a hers as ....

On 29 Jul 1558 Henry Sacheverell (age 32) died at Ratcliffe on Soar, Nottinghamshire [Map]. He was buried at Holy Trinity Church Ratcliffe on Soar [Map].

On 10 Feb 1554 Lucie Pole (age 26) died.

She wearing a puffed sleeve gown with triple chain with French Hood. His head on a great helm with Goat Crest. Possibly Richard Parker of Burton on Trent with Dogs chewing at her dress.

Henry Sacheverell: In 1526 he was born to Ralph Sacheverell and Cecilia Durance at Ratcliffe on Soar, Nottinghamshire. Before 1547 Henry Sacheverell and Lucie Pole were married.

Lucie Pole: In 1528 she was born to John Pole of Hartington.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 29 Jul 1560. The xxix day of July the Quen('s) (age 26) grace removyd from Grenwyche [Map] on her grace('s) progresse, and at Lambeth [Map] she dynyd with my lord of Canturbere (age 55) and her consell; and after [took her] gorney towhard Rychmond [Map], and her grace lay ther v [5] days; and after to Ottland [Map], and ther So[nday and] Monday dener, and to Suttun to soper.

On 29 Jul 1565 Henry "Lord Darnley" Stewart (age 19) and Mary Queen of Scots (age 22) were married at Holyrood Palace, Holyrood. She the daughter of King James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise Queen Consort Scotland. He the son of Matthew Stewart 4th Earl Lennox (age 48) and Margaret Douglas Countess Lennox (age 49). They were half first cousins. He a great grandson of King Henry VII of England and Ireland. She a great granddaughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland.

On 29 Jul 1567 King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland (age 1) was crowned VI King Scotland.

John Graham 6th Earl Menteith was present.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 29 Jul 1666. Lord's Day. Up and all the morning in my chamber making up my accounts in my book with my father and brother and stating them. Towards noon before sermon was done at church comes newes by a letter to Sir W. Batten (age 65), to my hand, of the late fight, which I sent to his house, he at church. But, Lord! with what impatience I staid till sermon was done, to know the issue of the fight, with a thousand hopes and fears and thoughts about the consequences of either. At last sermon is done and he come home, and the bells immediately rung soon as the church was done. But coming; to Sir W. Batten to know the newes, his letter said nothing of it; but all the towne is full of a victory.

John Evelyn's Diary. 29 Jul 1666. The pestilence now fresh increasing in our parish, I forbore going to church. In the afternoon came tidings of our victory over the Dutch, sinking some, and driving others aground, and into their ports.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 29 Jul 1667. After dinner comes W. How and a son of Mr. Pagett's to see me, with whom I drank, but could not stay, and so by coach with cozen Roger (age 50) (who before his going did acquaint me in private with an offer made of his marrying of Mrs. Elizabeth Wiles, whom I know; a kinswoman of Mr. Honiwood's, an ugly old maid, but a good housewife; and is said to have £2500 to her portion; but if I can find that she hath but £2000, which he prays me to examine, he says he will have her, she being one he hath long known intimately, and a good housewife, and discreet woman; though I am against it in my heart, she being not handsome at all) and it hath been the very bad fortune of the Pepyses that ever I knew, never to marry an handsome woman, excepting Ned Pepys and Creed, set the former down at the Temple [Map] resolving to go to Cambridge to-morrow, and Creed and I to White Hall to the Treasury chamber there to attend, but in vain, only here, looking out of the window into the garden, I saw the King (age 37) (whom I have not had any desire to see since the Dutch come upon the coast first to Sheerness, for shame that I should see him, or he me, methinks, after such a dishonour) come upon the garden; with him two or three idle Lords; and instantly after him, in another walk, my Baroness Castlemayne (age 26), led by Bab. May (age 39): at which I was surprised, having but newly heard the stories of the King and her being parted for ever. So I took Mr. Povy (age 53), who was there, aside, and he told me all, how imperious this woman is, and hectors the King to whatever she will. It seems she is with child, and the King says he did not get it: with that she made a slighting "puh" with her mouth, and went out of the house, and never come in again till the King went to Sir Daniel Harvy's to pray her; and so she is come to-day, when one would think his mind should be full of some other cares, having but this morning broken up such a Parliament, with so much discontent, and so many wants upon him, and but yesterday heard such a sermon against adultery. But it seems she hath told the King, that whoever did get it, he should own it; and the bottom of the quarrel is this:-She is fallen in love with young Jermin who hath of late lain with her oftener than the King, and is now going to marry my Lady Falmouth; the King he is mad at her entertaining Jermin, and she is mad at Jermin's going to marry from her: so they are all mad; and thus the Kingdom is governed! and they say it is labouring to make breaches between the Duke of Richmond and his lady that the King may get her to him. But he tells me for certain that nothing is more sure than that the King, and Duke of York (age 33), and the Chancellor (age 58), are desirous and labouring all they can to get an army, whatever the King says to the Parliament; and he believes that they are at last resolved to stand and fall all three together: so that he says match of the Duke of York with the Chancellor's daughter hath undone the nation. He tells me also that the King hath not greater enemies in the world than those of his own family; for there is not an officer in the house almost but curses him for letting them starve, and there is not a farthing of money to be raised for the buying them bread. Having done talking with him I to Westminster Hall [Map], and there talked and wandered up and down till the evening to no purpose, there and to the Swan [Map], and so till the evening, and so home, and there to walk in the garden with my wife, telling her of my losing £300 a year by my place that I am to part with, which do a little trouble me, but we must live with somewhat more thrift, and so home to supper and to play on the flageolet, which do do very prettily, and so to bed. Many guns were heard this afternoon, it seems, at White Hall and in the Temple [Map] garden very plain; but what it should be nobody knows, unless the Dutch be driving our ships up the river. To-morrow we shall know.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 29 Jul 1667. By and by he is informed that Sir H. Bellasses's (age 28) coach was coming: so Tom Porter went down out of the Coffee-house where he stayed for the tidings, and stopped the coach, and bade Sir H. Bellasses come out. "Why", says H. Bellasses, "you will not hurt me coming out, will you?"-"No", says Tom Porter. So out he went, and both drew: and H. Bellasses having drawn and flung away his scabbard, Tom Porter asked him whether he was ready? The other answering him he was, they fell to fight, some of their acquaintance by. They wounded one another, and H. Bellasses so much that it is feared he will die: and finding himself severely wounded, he called to Tom Porter, and kissed him, and bade him shift for himself; "for", says he, "Tom, thou hast hurt me; but I will make shift to stand upon my legs till thou mayest withdraw, and the world not take notice of you, for I would not have thee troubled for what thou hast done". And so whether he did fly or no I cannot tell: but Tom Porter shewed H. Bellasses that he was wounded too: and they are both ill, but H. Bellasses to fear of life. And this is a fine example; and H. Bellasses a Parliament-man too, and both of them most extraordinary friends! Among other discourse, my cozen Roger (age 50) told us a thing certain, that the Archbishop of Canterbury (age 69); that now is, do keep a wench, and that he is as very a wencher as can be; and tells us it is a thing publickly known that Sir Charles Sidley (age 28) had got away one of the Archbishop's wenches from him, and the Archbishop sent to him to let him know that she was his kinswoman, and did wonder that he would offer any dishonour to one related to him. To which Sir Charles Sidley is said to answer, "A pox take his Grace! pray tell his Grace that I believe he finds himself too old, and is afraid that I should outdo him among his girls, and spoil his trade". But he makes no more of doubt to say that the Archbishop is a wencher, and known to be so, which is one of the most astonishing things that I have heard of, unless it be, what for certain he says is true, that my Baroness Castlemayne (age 26) hath made a Bishop lately, namely,-her uncle, Dr. Glenham, who, I think they say, is Bishop of Carlisle; a drunken, swearing rascal, and a scandal to the Church; and do now pretend to be Bishop of Lincoln, in competition with Dr. Raynbow (age 59), who is reckoned as worthy a man as most in the Church for piety and learning: which are things so scandalous to consider, that no man can doubt but we must be undone that hears of them.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 29 Jul 1667. But, above all, I saw my Lord Mordaunt (age 41) as merry as the best, that it seems hath done such further indignities to Mr. Taylor' since the last sitting of Parliament as would hang (him), if there were nothing else, would the King (age 37) do what were fit for him; but nothing of that is now likely to be. After having spent an hour or two in the hall, my cozen Roger (age 50) and I and Creed to the Old Exchange [Map], where I find all the merchants sad at this peace and breaking up of the Parliament, as men despairing of any good to the nation, which is a grievous consideration; and so home, and there cozen Roger and Creed to dinner with me, and very merry:-but among other things they told me of the strange, bold sermon of Dr. Creeton yesterday, before the King; how he preached against the sins of the Court, and particularly against adultery, over and over instancing how for that single sin in David, the whole nation was undone; and of our negligence in having our castles without ammunition and powder when the Dutch come upon us; and how we have no courage now a-days, but let our ships be taken out of our harbour. Here Creed did tell us the story of the dwell last night, in Coventgarden [Map], between Sir H. Bellasses (age 28) and Tom Porter. It is worth remembering the silliness of the quarrell, and is a kind of emblem of the general complexion of this whole kingdom at present. They two it seems dined yesterday at Sir Robert Carr's (age 30), where it seems people do drink high, all that come. It happened that these two, the greatest friends in the world, were talking together: and Sir H. Bellasses talked a little louder than ordinary to Tom Porter, giving of him some advice. Some of the company standing by said, "What! are they quarrelling, that they talk so high?" Sir H. Bellasses hearing it, said, "No!" says he: "I would have you know that I never quarrel, but I strike; and take that as a rule of mine!"-"How?" says Tom Porter, "strike! I would I could see the man in England that durst give me a blow!" with that Sir H. Bellasses did give him a box of the eare; and so they were going to fight there, but were hindered. And by and by Tom Porter went out; and meeting Dryden (age 35) the poet, told him of the business, and that he was resolved to fight Sir H. Bellasses presently; for he knew, if he did not, they should be made friends to-morrow, and then the blow would rest upon him; which he would prevent, and desired Dryden to let him have his boy to bring him notice which way Sir H. Bellasses goes.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 29 Jul 1667. By and by up to the Duke of York's (age 33) chamber; and there all the talk was about Jordan's coming with so much indiscretion, with his four little frigates and sixteen fire-ships from Harwich, Essex [Map], to annoy the enemy. His failures were of several sorts, I know not which the truest: that he come with so strong a gale of wind, that his grapplings would not hold; that he did come by their lee; whereas if he had come athwart their hawse, they would have held; that they did not stop a tide, and come up with a windward tide, and then they would not have come so fast. Now, there happened to be Captain Jenifer by, who commanded the Lily in this business, and thus says that, finding the Dutch not so many as they expected, they did not know but that there were more of them above, and so were not so earnest to the setting upon these; that they did do what they could to make the fire-ships fall in among the enemy; and, for their lives, neither Sir J. Jordan nor others could, by shooting several times at them, make them go in; and it seems they were commanded by some idle fellows, such as they could of a sudden gather up at Harwich, Essex [Map]; which is a sad consideration that, at such a time as this, where the saving the reputation of the whole nation lay at stake, and after so long a war, the King (age 37) had not credit to gather a few able men to command these vessels. He says, that if they had come up slower, the enemy would, with their boats and their great sloops, which they have to row with a great many men, they would, and did, come and cut up several of our fireships, and would certainly have taken most of them, for they do come with a great provision of these boats on purpose, and to save their men, which is bravely done of them, though they did, on this very occasion, shew great fear, as they say, by some men leaping overboard out of a great ship, as these were all of them of sixty and seventy guns a-piece, which one of our fireships laid on board, though the fire did not take. But yet it is brave to see what care they do take to encourage their men to provide great stores of boats to save them, while we have not credit to find one boat for a ship. And, further, he told us that this new way used by Deane (age 33), and this Sir W. Coventry (age 39) observed several times, of preparing of fire-ships, do not do the work; for the fire, not being strong and quick enough to flame up, so as to take the rigging and sails, lies smothering a great while, half an hour before it flames, in which time they can get her off safely, though, which is uncertain, and did fail in one or two this bout, it do serve to burn our own ships. But what a shame it is to consider how two of our ships' companies did desert their ships for fear of being taken by their boats, our little frigates being forced to leave them, being chased by their greater! And one more company did set their ship on fire, and leave her; which afterwards a Feversham fisherman come up to, and put out the fire, and carried safe into Feversham, where she now is, which was observed by the Duke of York, and all the company with him, that it was only want of courage, and a general dismay and abjectness of spirit upon all our men; and others did observe our ill management, and God Almighty's curse upon all that we have in hand, for never such an opportunity was of destroying so many good ships of theirs as we now had. But to see how negligent we were in this business, that our fleete of Jordan's should not have any notice where Spragg was, nor Spragg of Jordan's, so as to be able to meet and join in the business, and help one another; but Jordan, when he saw Spragg's fleete above, did think them to be another part of the enemy's fleete! While, on the other side, notwithstanding our people at Court made such a secret of Jordan's design that nobody must know it, and even this Office itself must not know it; nor for my part I did not, though Sir W. Batten (age 66) says by others' discourse to him he had heard something of it; yet De Ruyter (age 60), or he that commanded this fleete, had notice of it, and told it to a fisherman of ours that he took and released on Thursday last, which was the day before our fleete came to him. But then, that, that seems most to our disgrace, and which the Duke of York did take special and vehement notice of, is, that when the Dutch saw so many fire-ships provided for them, themselves lying, I think, about the Nore, they did with all their great ships, with a North-east wind, as I take it they said, but whatever it was, it was a wind that we should not have done it with, turn down to the Middle-ground; which the Duke of York observed, never was nor would have been undertaken by ourselves. And whereas some of the company answered, it was their great fear, not their choice that made them do it, the Duke of York answered, that it was, it may be, their fear and wisdom that made them do it; but yet their fear did not make them mistake, as we should have done, when we have had no fear upon us, and have run our ships on ground. And this brought it into my mind, that they managed their retreat down this difficult passage, with all their fear, better than we could do ourselves in the main sea, when the Duke of Albemarle (age 58) run away from the Dutch, when the Prince was lost, and the Royal Charles and the other great ships come on ground upon the Galloper. Thus, in all things, in wisdom, courage, force, knowledge of our own streams, and success, the Dutch have the best of us, and do end the war with victory on their side. The Duke of York being ready, we into his closet, but, being in haste to go to the Parliament House, he could not stay. So we parted, and to Westminster Hall [Map], where the Hall full of people to see the issue of the day, the King being come to speak to the House to-day.

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Samuel Pepys' Diary. 29 Jul 1667. But presently comes down the House of Commons, the King (age 37) having made then a very short and no pleasing speech to them at all, not at all giving them thanks for their readiness to come up to town at this busy time; but told them that he did think he should have had occasion for them, but had none, and therefore did dismiss them to look after their own occasions till October; and that he did wonder any should offer to bring in a suspicion that he intended to rule by an army, or otherwise than by the laws of the land, which he promised them he would do; and so bade them go home and settle the minds of the country in that particular; and only added, that he had made a peace which he did believe they would find reasonable, and a good peace, but did give them none of the particulars thereof. Thus they are dismissed again to their general great distaste, I believe the greatest that ever Parliament was, to see themselves so fooled, and the nation in certain condition of ruin, while the King, they see, is only governed by his lust, and women, and rogues about him. The Speaker, they found, was kept from coming in the morning to the House on purpose, till after the King was come to the House of Lords, for fear they should be doing anything in the House of Commons to the further dissatisfaction of the King and his courtiers. They do all give up the Kingdom for lost that I speak to; and do hear what the King says, how he and the Duke of York (age 33) do do what they can to get up an army, that they may need no more Parliaments: and how my Baroness Castlemayne (age 26) hath, before the late breach between her and the King, said to the King that he must rule by an army, or all would be lost, and that Bab. May (age 39) hath given the like advice to the King, to crush the English gentlemen, saying that £300 a-year was enough for any man but them that lived at Court. I am told that many petitions were provided for the Parliament, complaining of the wrongs they have received from the Court and courtiers, in city and country, if the Parliament had but sat: and I do perceive they all do resolve to have a good account of the money spent before ever they give a farthing more: and the whole kingdom is everywhere sensible of their being abused, insomuch that they forced their Parliament-men to come up to sit; and my cozen Roger (age 50) told me that (but that was in mirth) he believed, if he had not come up, he should have had his house burned. The Kingdom never in so troubled a condition in this world as now; nobody pleased with the peace, and yet nobody daring to wish for the continuance of the war, it being plain that nothing do nor can thrive under us. Here I saw old good Mr. Vaughan (age 63), and several of the great men of the Commons, and some of them old men, that are come 200 miles, and more, to attend this session-of Parliament; and have been at great charge and disappointments in their other private business; and now all to no purpose, neither to serve their country, content themselves, nor receive any thanks from the King. It is verily expected by many of them that the King will continue the prorogation in October, so as, if it be possible, never to have [this] Parliament more. My Lord Bristoll (age 54) took his place in the House of Lords this day, but not in his robes; and when the King come in, he withdrew but my Lord of Buckingham (age 39) was there as brisk as ever, and sat in his robes; which is a monstrous thing, that a man proclaimed against, and put in the Tower [Map], and all, and released without any trial, and yet not restored to his places.

1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. [Percy Bysshe Shelley (age 11)] ... at twelve (or immediately before that age, on the 29th of July 1804) to Eton. The headmaster of Eton, up to nearly the close of Shelley's sojourn in the school, was Dr Goodall, a mild disciplinarian; it is therefore a mistake to suppose that Percy (unless during his very brief stay in the lower school) was frequently flagellated by the formidable Dr Keate, who only became headmaster after Goodall. Shelley was a shy, sensitive, mopish sort of boy from one point of view - from another a very unruly one, having his own notions of justice, independence and mental freedom; by nature gentle, kindly and retiring - under provocation dangerously violent. He resisted the odious fagging system, exerted himself little in the routine of school-learning, and was known both as "Mad Shelley" and as "Shelley the Atheist." Some writers try to show that an Eton boy would be termed atheist without exhibiting any propensity to atheism, but solely on the ground of his being mutinous. However, as Shelley was a declared atheist a good while before attaining his majority, a shrewd suspicion arises that, if Etonians dubbed him atheist, they had some relevant reason for doing so.

Greville Memoirs. 29 Jul 1830. But the great event of the day was the reception of the King of France's two decrees, and the address of his Ministers, who produced them; nothing could surpass the universal astonishment and consternation. Falck told me he was reading the newspaper at his breakfast regularly through, and when he came to this the teacup almost dropped from his hands, and he rubbed his eyes to see whether he read correctly. Such was the secresy with which this measure was conceived and acted on, that Pozzo, who is quicker and has better intelligence than anybody, had not a notion of it, as Matuscewitz told me. Aberdeen learnt it through the 'Times,' and had not a line from Stuart. That, however, is nothing extraordinary. I suspect somebody had it, for Raikes wrote me a note the day before, to ask me if there was not something bad from France. Matuscewitz told me that Russia would not afford Charles X. the smallest support in his new crusade against the Constitution of France, and this he pronounced openly à qui voulait l'entendre. I suspect the Duke will be desperately annoyed. The only Minister I had a word with about it was Lord Bathurst (age 68), whose Tory blood bubbled a little quicker at such a despotic act, and while owning the folly of the deed he could not help adding that 'he should have repressed the press when he dissolved the Chambers, then he might have done it.'

Greville Memoirs. 29 Jul 1830. Yesterday a standing Council at the levee to swear in Lord Hereford and Vesey Fitzgerald, and to declare Lord Bathurst (age 68) President of the Council and the Duke of Northumberland Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. Previously the King received the address of the dissenting ministers, and then that of the Quakers, presented by William Allen; they were very prim and respectable persons; their hats were taken off by each other in the room before the Throne Room, and they did not bow, though they seemed half inclined to do so; they made a very loyal address, but without 'Majesty,' and said 'O King.' There was a question after his answer what they should do. I thought it was whether they should kiss hands, for the King said something to Peel, who went and asked them, and I heard the King say, 'Oh, just as they like; they needn't if they don't like; it's all one.'

New York Times 29 Jul 1922. 29 Jul 1922. Obituary. New York Times.

Former Adele Grant of New York Stricken With Heart Attack After Dinner Party.

TRIED TO SUMMON HELP

Dowager, Once Famous Beauty, Was Model for Herkomer's "A Lady in White." [Note. This appears to be a mistake - A Lady in White]

1922 by The New York Times Company. By Wireless to The New York Times.

London, July 28. Dowager Countess Essex (deceased), who was the daughter of the late Beach Grant of New York and the second wife of the Seventh Earl of Essex, was found dead in her bath today at her home, 72 Brook Street, by one of her maids.

Lady Essex attended last night a dinner party given by the Hon. Mrs. Rupert Beckett and appeared in the best of spirits. She was driven home by Mrs. Asquith, with whom she was to have lunched today.

Apparently she took her bath before going to bed and had the seizure. She seemed to have endeavored to get help as the hanging electric bell push had been pulled into the bath. The tragedy was not discovered until this morning when Lady Essex's maid found her bed had not been slept in.

The bath room door was locked and the electric lights were full on. When the door was forced Lady Essex was found dead. She had suffered for years from a weak heart and it is presumed that she had the seizure when she could not help herself.

In her prime Lady Essex was famed for her beauty, being tall and graceful, with soft eyes and dark hair. Indeed she belonged to the group that was playfully christened "Lovely Five" and included Lady Warwick (age 60), Lady Lytton (age 80), Lady Westmoreland and the Duchess of Sutherland (age 54). She was the model for Herkomer's famous picture "A Lady in White."

A coroner's inquest into Lady Essex's death will be held on Monday.


Adele Grant. daughter of the late Beach Grant of this city, was married to the seventh Earl of Essex in St. Margaret's Church, Westminster [Map], Dec. 14 1893. Archdeacon Farrar performed the ceremony, the occasion being one of the brilliant social events of that Winter in London. There have been two children, Lady Iris Mary (age 27) and Lady Joan Rachel (age 23), respectively 26 and 22 years old. Presumably they will share their mother's fortune, which is not inconsiderable since her inheritance in 1915 of some $600,000 from her uncle, R. Suydam Grant, of the New York Stock Exchange.

Her husband was a widower when she married him. The present Earl (age 38), son of his father's first marriage, did not have sufficient income to keep up the magnificent ancestral estate of Cassiobury Park, and last Fall it was offered for sale. On previous occasions it had been rented to Americans, among others to Otto H. Kahn.

An anecdote of the family that reveals the firmness of the Countess is that of her refusal of the tempting offers repeatedly made to her by Lady Meux, widow of Sir Henry Meux, the wealthy brewer. The story has it that Lady Meux, originally a "queen of burlesque" and aunt by marriage of the Earl of Essex, offered to make the Earl her heir if only the Countess would introduce her to society. But the Countess did not allow her thorough disapproval of the brewer's widow to be overcome by the bribe.

Before her marriage Adele Grant had been engaged to the late Earl Cairns, the unfortunate man who acquired the nickname of "Gumboil," thanks to his courtesy title of Lord Garmoyle. She broke off the match on the eve of the wedding owing to the prospective bridegrooms extortionate demands for a settlement. And, in 1920, after the death of her husband, she was reported, not on the highest authority, however, to be engaged to the Duke of Connaught (age 72), brother of Edward Vll. The affair progressed no further than the circulation of the report.

During the World War the Countess did much relief work, serving with Queen Mary's Needlework Guild, on the Urban Executive Committee of the Urban Council for War Relief, and also as President of the Soldiers and Sailors Families' Association.

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On 29 Jul 1981 Prince Charles (age 32) and Diana Spencer Princess Wales (age 20) were married at St Paul's Cathedral [Map]. She by marriage Princess of Wales. She the daughter of John Spencer 8th Earl Spencer (age 57) and Frances Ruth Roche Countess Spencer (age 45). He the son of Philip Mountbatten Duke Edinburgh (age 60) and Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom (age 55).

On 29 Jul 1992 William Mathias (age 57) died. He was buried at St Asaph Cathedral [Map].

William Mathias: On 01 Nov 1934 he was born.

Births on the 29th July

On 29 Jul 1166 Henry Blois II Count Champagne was born to Henry Blois I Count Champagne (age 38) and Marie Capet Countess Champagne (age 21). He a great x 2 grandson of King William "Conqueror" I of England.

On 29 Jul 1356 King Martin I of Aragon was born to Peter IV King Aragon (age 36) and Eleanor Barcelona Queen Consort Aragon. Coefficient of inbreeding 2.45%.

On or before 29 Jul 1621 John Coryton 1st Baronet was born to William Coryton (age 41) and Elizabeth Chichester. He was baptised on 29 Jul 1621 St Mellion.

On 29 Jul 1623 Anne Wentworth 7th Baroness Wentworth Baroness Lovelace was born to Thomas Wentworth 1st Earl Cleveland (age 32) and Anne Crofts Countess Cleveland.

On 29 Jul 1633 Drury Wray 9th Baronet was born to Christopher Wray (age 32) and Albinia Cecil.

On 29 Jul 1641 William Thomas 1st Baronet was born.

On 29 Jul 1658 Nicholas Shireburn 1st Baronet was born to Richard Shireburn (age 32) and Isabel Ingleby (age 31).

On 29 Jul 1736 Andrew Archer 2nd Baron Archer was born to Thomas Archer 1st Baron Archer (age 41) and Catherine Tipping Baroness Archer.

On 29 Jul 1736 Catherine Archer Countess Plymouth was born to Thomas Archer 1st Baron Archer (age 41) and Catherine Tipping Baroness Archer.

On 29 Jul 1779 Henry Caulfeild was born to James Caulfeild 1st Earl Charlemont (age 50).

On 29 Jul 1783 Anna-Maria Clinton was born to Thomas Pelham-Clinton 3rd Duke Newcastle-under-Lyne (age 31) and Anna Maria Stanhope Countess Lincoln. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 29 Jul 1787 Sarah Spencer was born to George John Spencer 2nd Earl Spencer (age 28) and Lavinia Bingham Countess Spencer (age 25).

On 29 Jul 1822 Augusta Margaret Fitzclarence was born to George Fitzclarence 1st Earl Munster (age 28) and Mary Wyndham Countess Munster (age 29). She a granddaughter of King William IV of the United Kingdom.

On 29 Jul 1832 Frances Dora Smith Countess Strathmore and Kinghorne was born to Oswald Smith (age 38) and Henrietta Mildred Hodgson (age 27).

On 29 Jul 1846 Susan Henrietta Cavendish Viscountess Hampden was born to George Henry Cavendish (age 35) and Louisa Lascelles (age 33).

On 29 Jul 1850 George St John Colthurst 6th Baronet was born to George Colthurst 5th Baronet (age 26).

On 29 Jul 1870 Mary Catherine Buxton was born to Thomas Fowell Buxton 3rd Baronet (age 33) and Victoria Noel Lady Buxton (age 31).

On 29 Jul 1893 Rowland George Winn 3rd Baron St Oswald was born to Rowland Winn 2nd Baron St Oswald (age 35) and Mabel Susan Forbes Baroness Winn.

On 29 Jul 1902 Henry Burrows Shiffner 7th Baronet was born to John Shiffner 5th Baronet (age 44).

On 29 Jul 1904 Robert Cecil Byng 7th Earl of Strafford was born to Ivo Francis Byng (age 30).

On 29 Jul 1912 Oswald Phipps 4th Marquess Normanby was born to Constantine Phipps 3rd Marquess Normanby (age 65) and Gertrude Stansfeld Foster Marchioness Normanby. He was educated at Eton College [Map] and Christ Church College, Oxford University.

On 29 Jul 1925 Matthew White Ridley 4th Viscount Ridley was born to Matthew White Ridley 3rd Viscount Ridley (age 22) and Ursula Lutyens.

Marriages on the 29th July

Before 29 Jul 1349 Gerard Lisle 1st Baron Lisle (age 45) and Elizabeth Strange Baroness St John of Basing were married. There appears to be some confusion here as to whether Gerard Lisle 1st Baron Lisle married Elizabeth Strange Baroness St John of Basing daughter of John Strange 2nd Baron Strange Blackmere (deceased) and Ankaret Boteler Baroness Strange Blackmere (age 40), or Elizabeth Strange (age 51) daughter of John Strange 2nd Baron Strange Knockin and Isolde Chaworth Baroness Strange Knockin. The dates would suggest the former. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King John of England.

On 29 Jul 1523 William Blount 4th Baron Mountjoy (age 45) and Dorothy Grey Baroness Mountjoy, Willoughby and Latimer (age 43) were married. She by marriage Baroness Mountjoy. She the daughter of Thomas Grey 1st Marquess Dorset and Cecily Bonville Marchioness Dorset (age 63). He the son of John Blount 3rd Baron Mountjoy and Lora Berkeley Countess Ormonde. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.

On 29 Jul 1565 Henry "Lord Darnley" Stewart (age 19) and Mary Queen of Scots (age 22) were married at Holyrood Palace, Holyrood. She the daughter of King James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise Queen Consort Scotland. He the son of Matthew Stewart 4th Earl Lennox (age 48) and Margaret Douglas Countess Lennox (age 49). They were half first cousins. He a great grandson of King Henry VII of England and Ireland. She a great granddaughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland.

Before 29 Jul 1682 Jenico Preston 7th Viscount Gormanston (age 52) and Frances Leke were married. She the daughter of Francis Leke 1st Earl Scarsdale and Anne Carey Lady Leke.

On 29 Jul 1696 Robert Haselrigge 6th Baronet (age 28) and Dorothy Maynard Lady Haselrigge (age 28) were married.

On 29 Jul 1765 Edward Stratford 2nd Earl Aldborough (age 29) and Barbara Herbert Countess Aldborough (age 23) were married. He the son of John Stratford 1st Earl Aldborough (age 66) and Martha O'Neale Countess Aldborough (age 59).

On 29 Jul 1791 Thomas Stapleton 12th Baron Despencer (age 24) and Elizabeth Eliot Baroness Despencer (age 33) were married. She by marriage Baroness Despencer.

On 29 Jul 1829 Charles Wood 1st Viscount Halifax (age 28) and Mary Grey Viscountess Halifax (age 22) were married. She the daughter of Charles Grey 2nd Earl Grey (age 65) and Mary Elizabeth Ponsonby Countess Grey (age 53).

On 29 Jul 1833 John Josiah Guest 1st Baronet (age 48) and Charlotte Elizabeth Bertie (age 21) were married. The difference in their ages was 27 years. She the daughter of Albermarle Bertie 9th Earl Lindsey and Charlotte Layard Countess Lindsey (age 53).

Before 29 Jul 1961 James Cecil 3rd Baron Rockley (age 27) and Sarah Cadogan were married. She the daughter of William Gerald Charles Cadogan 7th Earl Cadogan (age 47) and Primrose Lilian Yarde-Buller Countess Cadogan (age 43).

On 29 Jul 1981 Prince Charles (age 32) and Diana Spencer Princess Wales (age 20) were married at St Paul's Cathedral [Map]. She by marriage Princess of Wales. She the daughter of John Spencer 8th Earl Spencer (age 57) and Frances Ruth Roche Countess Spencer (age 45). He the son of Philip Mountbatten Duke Edinburgh (age 60) and Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom (age 55).

Deaths on the 29th July

On 29 Jul 796 King Offa of Mercia died. His son King Ecgfrith of Mercia succeeded King Mercia.

On 29 Jul 1102 Albert Namur III Count Namur (age 75) died. His son Godfrey Namur I Count Namur (age 34) succeeded I Count Namur.

On 29 Jul 1237 Ingeborg Estridsen Queen Consort France (age 63) died.

On 29 Jul 1328 Gerhard Jülich V Count Jülich (age 78) died. His son William Jülich V Duke Jülich (age 29) succeeded V Count Jülich.

On 29 Jul 1369 Joan Orreby Baroness Percy (age 20) died.

On 29 Jul 1418 the English forces commenced the Siege of Rouen. Robert Willoughby 6th Baron Willoughby (age 33) fought. John Blount (age 30) died. William Harrington (age 45), the King's Standard Bearer, was wounded.

Walter Hungerford 1st Baron Hungerford (age 40) fought.

Henry Beaufort 2nd Earl Somerset (age 17) was killed. His brother John Beaufort 1st Duke of Somerset (age 15) succeeded 3rd Earl Somerset.

On 29 Jul 1629 Paul Bayning 1st Viscount Bayning (age 41) died at Mark Lane [Map]. His son Paul Bayning 2nd Viscount Bayning (age 13) succeeded 2nd Viscount Bayning, 2nd Baron Bayning of Horkesley in Essex.

On 29 Jul 1674 William Grey 1st Baron Grey Werke (age 80) died. His son Ralph Grey 2nd Baron Grey Werke (age 44) succeeded 2nd Baron Grey Werke in Northumberland.

On 29 Jul 1705 Mary Sone Lady Kemp died at Ubbeston, Suffolk. She was buried at St Mary's Church, Gissing.

On 29 Jul 1724 Elizabeth Howland Duchess Bedford (age 42) died.

On 29 Jul 1729 Hugh Acland 6th Baronet (age 32) died. His son John Dyke Acland 7th Baronet (age 6) succeeded 7th Baronet Acland of Columb John in Devon.

On 29 Jul 1778 Mary Cavendish Countess of Westmoreland (age 78) died.

On 29 Jul 1791 Randal William MacDonnell 1st Marquess of Antrim (age 41) died. Marquess of Antrim 2C extinct. His daughter Anne MacDonnell 2nd Countess of Antrim (age 13) succeeded 2nd Countess Antrim 2C, 2nd Viscountess Dunluce.

On 29 Jul 1795 John West 4th Earl De La Warr (age 37) died. His son George Sackville-West 5th Earl De La Warr (age 3) succeeded 5th Earl De La Warr, 5th Viscount Cantalupe, 11th Baron De La Warr.

On 29 Jul 1805 Walter Aston 8th Baronet (age 72) died. His son Walter Aston 9th Baronet (age 35) succeeded 9th Baronet Aston of Tixall.

On 29 Jul 1818 Lowther Pennington 2nd Baron Muncaster (age 73) died.

On 29 Jul 1898 Isabella Elizabeth Wynn Viscountess Hill (age 54) died.

On 29 Jul 1899 Lucy Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck (age 91) died. Her son Frederick Ellis 7th Baron Howard de Walden 3rd Baron Seaford (age 68) inherited her estates includin those of her mother, which included those of his maternal grandfather William Henry Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck 4th Duke Portland making him the richest peer in England albeit only for four months since he died in November 1899.

On 29 Jul 1968 Marjorie Lowther Baroness Rodney (age 73) died.

On 29 Jul 2024 Robert Fellowes 1st Baron Fellowes (age 83) died. Baron Fellowes of Shotesham in Norfolk extinct.