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30 Oct is in October.
Flowers of History by Roger of Wendover 1233. About this same time Hubert de Burgh (age 63) the ex-justiciary, was taken away from the church at Devizes by some armed men, and, after being properly clad in knightly apparel, was carried into Wales, where he joined the enemies of the king about the first hour of the day on the 30th of October.
On 30th October 1272 Hugh IV Duke Burgundy (age 59) died. His son Robert (age 24) succeeded II Duke Burgundy.
Rymer's Fœdera Volume 1. Concerning the truce with the Scots made by the King of England at the request of the King of France.
To all those who shall see or hear these letters, Edward, by the grace of God, King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine, greeting in God.
Know that, as the most noble prince, our dear and beloved cousin and brother, Philip, by the grace of God, King of France, has sent to us, by letters of credence sealed with his seal, his dear and faithful servants, Master Pierre de Mouncey, canon of Angers, clerk, and Sir Jean de Barres, called Piau de Chat, knight;
And that we should place trust in what they would tell us on behalf of the said King, as is contained in the said letters which they delivered to us on his behalf;
And the aforesaid Master Pierre and Sir John, by their credentials, have requested us, on behalf of the same King [of France], that we should grant a truce to those people of Scotland, with whom we are at war, at the prayer and request of the same King of France;
Wishing to obey in this matter, although it grieves us, we have granted the truce and allowed the armistice, as to a friend and amicable mediator, and not as to allies of those of Scotland, but as to one who in no way considers himself allied with them, as the aforementioned Master Pierre and Sir John told us on his behalf; and as a non-ally they requested us to grant it: for otherwise we would not have granted or given it, if he held himself in any way allied with them.
And for that said truce we have given, and promised to hold and maintain the armistice for the people of Scotland, for their persons, their supporters, and their allies, for their goods and possessions, from us, and from our supporters and allies, until the coming feast of Pentecost, in the following manner:
That each person shall hold what he holds, and may build, strengthen, cultivate, till, and do whatever he pleases with what he holds during the said truce.
And that everyone, on both sides, may go and come and trade safely, by sea and by land, from one country to another, and wherever they please, according to the laws and customs of the lands.
Thus, in all ways, they may not bring or carry into England, or into Ireland, or anywhere else within our power, any money except such as is current there, unless it be to our exchange, or unless they do not intend to put it into circulation or use it within our dominion.
Nor may they carry out of our dominion the money which is current there, nor good silver, under the penalty that has been previously ordained.
And that no one offend or do wrong to one another until the said day of Pentecost.
And this truce and this truce-bound ceasefire, in the manner described above, we promise to keep well and faithfully, and firmly to hold, for ourselves and our people, and through ourselves and our people, by sea and by land, until the said day of Pentecost.
And, in order firmly to keep and hold these things, we have caused our seneschal, Sir Walter de Beauchamp, to swear upon our soul.
In witness of all these things being loyally kept, held, and fulfilled, we have caused these open letters to be made, sealed with our seal"
Given at Dumfries, on the 30th day of the month of October, in the 28th year of our reign.
E qe chescune, d'une part & d'autre, porra aler, e venir, e marchander seurement, par mier, e par terre, d'une pays a d'autre, e la ou li plerra, selonc les leis & les usages des pays.
De treugis Scotis per Regem Angliæ ad petitionem Regis Franciæ.
A touz ceus qui ces lettres verront ou orront, Ed ward, par la grace de DEU, Roy d'Engleterre, seignur d'Irland, & ducs d'Aquitaigne, saluz en Dieu.
Sachez que, come tresnoble prince, nostre cher & ame cosin & frere, Philip, par la grace de DIEU, Roi de France, eit envoie a nous, par letters de creaunce, seales de son seal, ses ames & foiaux, mestre Pieres de Mouncey chanoigne d'Aungiers clerk, & monsire Johan de Barres dist Piau de Chat chivaler;
Et qe nous les creussiens de ceo qu'il nous diroyent de par le dit Roy, sicom est contenuz es dites lettres, qu'il nous baillerent de par li;
E li desusdites mestre Piere e monsire Johan, par leur creaunce, nous eyent requis, de par meisme celi Roy, qe nous a celes gentz d'Escoce, a qui nous avoms guerre, donissions treue, nous a la priere, e a la requeste de mesme le Roy de France;
Voillantz obeir en celle partie, ia soiet ceo q'il nous greve, avoms done la treue, e ottroie le soeffrance, come a ami & amiable compositour: & non come a alliez a ceus d'Escoce, mais come a celi qui de riens ne se tent aliez a eaux: sicome les avantditz mestre Piere e monsire Johan nous unt dist depar li: & com a non aliez nous unt requis qe nous la donissiens: que autrement ne la eussiens mie donee, ne grantee, s'il se tenist de riens alliez a eaux.
E por cela dite treue avoms done, e soffrance promis a tenir e garder as gentz d'Escoce, as persones, a lour aidauntz, & a lour alliez, a lour biens, e a lour choses, de nous, e de nos aidauntz, & de noz alliez, jusques au jour de la Pentecoste, procheinement avenir, en tieu manere;
Qe chescun tendra ce quil tent, e porra edefier, efforcier, laborer, cotiver, & fere ce qu'il li plerra, ou ce qu'il tent, durant la dite treue.
E qe chescune, d'une part & d'autre, porra aler, e venir, e marchander seurement, par mier, e par terre, d'une pays a d'autre, e la ou li plerra, selonc les leis & les usages des pays.
Issint, totes voyes, qu'il ne porront mettre, ne porter en Engleterre, ne en Irland, ne nule part aillours, en nostre poair, moneye fors tiele come y court, si ceo ne seit a nostre chaunge, ou si ensi n'est qu'il ne la voillent mettre, ne emploier en nostre poair.
Ne ne porront enporter, hors de nostre poair, la monoye que y court, ne bon argent, sur la forfeture qe en est avant ordene.
E que nul mespreigne, ne mefface les uns vers les autres, jusqes au dit jour de la Pentecost.
Et ceste treue e ceste soffrance, en la manere, qe desus est devisee, nous promettoms a garder bien & leaument, & firmement a tenir de nous, e de noz, e par nous, e par les noz, e par mer, e par terre, jusques au dit jour de la Pentecost.
Et, por ces choses firmement garder & tenir, avoms fet jurer, en l'alme de nous, monsire Gautier de Beauchamp nostre seneschal.
En tesmoignance de totes ces choses leaument garder, tenir e acomplir, nous avoms fet faire cestes lettres overtes, seallees de nostre seal.
Donees a Dumfrees, le XXX jour du moys de Octobre, l'an de nostre regne vint e octisme.
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Condes de Barcelona by Masearo Volume 2. From his second marriage to Doña Leonor of Portugal. Without children.
Hardly had the King been widowed by Doña Maria when he immediately arranged his second marriage with Doña Leonor (age 20), a princess of noble qualities, daughter of King Alfonso IV and Queen Beatriz, monarchs of Portugal. Despite the significant obstacles raised by the King of Castile, an avowed enemy of the King of Aragon, in an attempt to thwart this union, the marriage nevertheless took place in the city of Barcelona, where the new queen arrived by sea on November 15 of the same year that her predecessor, Doña Maria, had died. However, the King suffered the sorrow of losing this second wife to pestilence at the end of October [30th October 1348] the following year, 1348, without her leaving any offspring. She died in the city of Teruel, where the royal couple happened to be due to the extension of the Cortes and the disputes and unrest with Castile and the supporters of the Union, which eventually led to the bloodiest of wars.
The Queen's body was later taken to Poblet and rests in the same tomb as her husband, according to Finestres.
De Segundas Nupcias Con Doña Leonor De Portugal. Sin Hijos.
Apenas enviudó el Rey de D.ª Maria contrató inmediatamente su segundo enlace con D. Leonor , princesa de altas prendas , hija de D. Alfonso IV y de D.ª Beatriz monarcas de Portugal1 , y a pesar de los grandes obstáculos que opuso el rey de Castilla , enemigo declarado del de Aragon , para frustrar este casamiento , se efectuó no obstante la union conyugal en la ciudad de Barcelona , donde llegó por mar la nueva Reina el dia 15 de noviembre del mismo año de la muerte de su antecesora D.ª Maria ; pero el Rey tuvo el disgusto de perder esta segunda esposa de pestilencia á fines de octubre del siguiente año de 1548 , sin que le dejase fruto alguno de sucesion , en la ciudad de Teruel donde se hallaban casualmente los dos esposos con motivo de la prorrogacion de córtes y de las desavenencias y disturbios con Castilla y los partidarios de la Union , que acabaron en la mas sangrienta guerra.
El cadaver de la Reina fué conducido despues á Poblet , y descansa en el mismo sepulcro que su esposo segun Finestres2.
Note 1. Real Archive , Curia 11. Pet . III.
Note 2. Hist . de Poblet , tom . 1.º , pág . 283 , y alli mismo pueden verse muchas noticias de sepulturas Reales en aquel monasterio .
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On 30th October 1348 Eleanor Burgundy Queen Consort Aragon (age 20) died of plague. See Masearo, Condes de Barcelona, Volume 2, p. 274.
Life Charles VI by a Monk of St Denis [~1420]. [30th October 1396] Thus far awaited by the kings, Lady Isabelle, with a retinue of distinguished ladies adorned with golden and gem-studded garlands, also mounted on horses adorned with royal trappings, then arrived. If you had attended to their appearance, you would have undoubtedly said that it was the assembly of goddesses and a ritual long imagined renewed. To recount each detail that made the royal virgin conspicuous at that time would be long; but using brevity, it is hardly recalled in the memory of men to have seen in the annals of history any authority with such a rich flow of horses, chariots, and litters, and such a noble retinue of barons and knights soliciting the marriage of a foreign prince. Therefore, in royal attire, adorned with golden embroidered lilies and a golden diadem, while the kings, as previously mentioned, were exiting from their tents to celebrate mutual conversation near the aforementioned pallium; with trumpets and sweetly resonating musical instruments, she was led to her father's place. And no sooner had they arrived to honour her properly than the Duchess of Lancaster (age 45) and the Duchess of Gloucester (age 30) soon approached her. With them, also, the Dukes of Orléans, Bitturiae, and Burgundy were present, who, receiving her in their arms, honourably presented her to King Richard of England. When he had greeted her twice on bent knee, satisfied with this reverence, and leaving his seat, he gently embraced her with the kiss of peace in the presence of her father, who then directed a word to him: "Behold," he said, "my son, the daughter whom I had promised you; I leave her to you, asking that you henceforth love her as your own wife."
When he had willingly pledged this, having given a kiss to his father and parents with tears, he made her be led to Calais. Then, celebrating a solemn banquet for the King of France, he honoured him more courteously than usual; for he not only granted him the right-hand seat, but also had dishes brought in successively served during the meal, with counts of royal lineage being present, who, serving him honourably, offered bread and cups in royal fashion. Then the kings reclined alone; to whom, during the meal, the dukes of both parties were obedient, proceeding with all kinds of dishes. When this was completed, when the King of England had taken cups from the hand of the Duke of Lancaster (age 56), and the King of France from the hand of the Duke of Orléans, they offered each other the following gifts. A solid gold vessel, suitable for offering dishes, with a sumptuous necklace was granted by the father to the son; who, not being ungrateful to his father, presented another necklace. Following his example, the Duke of Lancaster gave one other to himself, exceeding in value what he had recently received as a gift from King John of France. When these matters were completed, when the kings had proceeded on horseback up to the pallium, and the King of England, receiving a diamond and a sapphire of immense value, had compensated for the gifts of his father with the two best right-hand men, then with mutual farewell spoken, they mixed kisses of peace, and thus each joyfully returned to their own.
Hucusque ab ipsis regibus expectata domina Ysabellis cum comitiva insignium dominarum in sertis aureis et gemmatis, equis eciam cultu regio faleratis insedencium, tunc advenit. Quarum si apparatum attendisses, olim fictum dearum contubernium et ritum dixisses procul dubio renovatum. Referre singula, que regiam virginem tunc reddiderunt conspicuam, longum esset; sed breviloquio utens, memoria hominum minime recolebat in annalibus vidisse hujus auctoritatis aliquam cum tanto divite fluxu equorum, curruum et lecticarum, tamque nobili comitiva baronum et militum extranei principis peciisse connubium. Cultu itaque regio, aureis contexto liliis, aureoque dyademate insignita, interim dum reges, modo quo superius dictum est, de tentoriis exeuntes, ad sepedictum pallum colloquium mutuum celebrarent; cum lituis et instrumentis musicis dulciter resonantibus ad locum paternum perducitur. Nec mora, ut eam honore debito prevenirent, Lencastrie et Glocestrie ducisse mox ad eam accesserunt. Cum duce eciam Aurelianensi Biturie et Burgundie duces affuerunt, qui eam in ulnis suscipientes ipsam regi Anglie Richardo honorifice obtulerunt. Quem cum bis flexis genibus salutasset, hac reverencia contentus, et sedem suam relinquens, eam cum pacis osculo dulciter amplexatus est in patris presencia, qui tunc ad eum verbum dirigens: "Ecce, inquit, filiam, fili mi, quam vobis promiseram, relinquo, rogans ut eam deinceps ut uxorem propriam diligatis."
Quod cum libenti animo spopondisset, cum patri et parentibus osculum cum lacrimis prebuisset, eam ad Calesium duci fecit. Tunc regi Francie celebrans solemne convivium, eum solito curialius honoravit; nam non solum sibi dexteram sedem concessit, sed et fercula allata successive ministrari durante prandio fecit, de genere regali adhibitis comitibus, qui sibi honorifice servientes, panem et pocula regio more offerrent. Soli tunc discubuerunt reges; quibus, durante prandio, duces utriusque partis obsequiosi fuerunt, omnia ferculorum genera precedendo. Quo peracto, cum rex Anglie de manu ducis Lencastrie, et rex Francie de manu ducis Aurelianensis pocula cum speciebus sumpsissent, hec sequencia munera sibi invicem obtulerunt. Vas quidem auri solidum, speciebus porrigendis aptum, cum sumptuoso monili pater filio concessit; qui nec ingratus existens patri monile aliud presentavit. Cujus exemplum dux Lencastrie sequutus, unum aliud sibi dedit in valore excedens quod a Johanne rege Francie dono nuper acceperat. Hiis peractis, cum reges equestres usque ad pallum processissent, et rex Anglie adamantem et saphirum ingentis valoris recipiens, et patris munera duobus dextrariis optimis compensasset, tunc cum mutuo vale dicto pacis oscula miscuerunt, et sic quisque letus ad propria remeavit.
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Thomas Walsingham [~1422]. On Monday [30th October 1396] the King of France came to the tent of the King of England. At that time the Queen was brought to our King's pavilion. The King of France gave her to our King; and our King took her by the hand and kissed her, giving thanks to her father, the King of France, for so noble and gracious a gift; declaring that he accepted her on the conditions made between them, so that through this alliance each king might live in peace and tranquility, and that they might come to a good end and conclusion of a perpetual peace to be made between the realms, and lest Christian blood be shed, the shedding of which might very likely occur if this alliance were not made at this time.
When these events had taken place, the Kings went to dine in the tent of the King of England. The King of France was seated on the right side of the hall, where he was served in regal fashion according to the custom of his country: all the dishes of the first course were brought together on a grand serving tray, and the same was done for the second course. The King of England, on the other hand, was served in the custom of his own country. After the meal, the Kings embraced and mounted their horses. The King of England accompanied the King of France on his way, and finally, holding hands, they parted from each other on horseback. The King of France rode to Ardres, while the King of England returned to Calais, where he married [on 4th November 1396] the daughter of the King of France, a young girl of seven or eight years old.
This gathering of the Kings was indeed grand and lavish in gifts and expenses; for beyond the gifts that the King of England gave to the King of France and other nobles of that kingdom, which exceeded the sum of ten thousand marks, the King is said to have spent three hundred thousand marks or more on this occasion. Soon afterward, he returned safely to England with his wife, but during the return journey, a sudden storm caused him to lose his tents and a large portion of his household furnishings.
Now, this royal undertaking was magnificent and costly in gifts and expenses; for besides the presents which the King of England gave to the King of France and to other lords of that kingdom, which exceeded the sum of ten thousand marks, the King spent, as it is said, three hundred thousand marks and more on that occasion. He therefore soon returned safely to England, and his wife likewise; but, when the weather turned against them, he lost his tents and a great part of the furnishings of his household.
Die Lunæ venit Rex Franciæ ad tentorium Regis Angliæ. Ea hora Regina fuit adducta ad tentoria Regis nostri. Rex Francæ donavit earn Regi nostro; quam Rex noster cepit per manum, et osculabatur earn, regratiando patri suo, Regi Franciæ, de dono tam honorabili et gratioso; asserens se eam sub conditionibus accipere factis inter cos, ut, per istam affinitatem possit uterque Rex vivere in pace et tranquillitate, et pervenire ad bonum finem et conclusionem pacis perpctuæ faciendæ inter regna, et ne sanguis Christianus effundatur, cujus effusio possit verisimiliter evenire, si ista affinitas inter cos non fieret ista vice.
Quibus ita gestis, Reges accesserunt ad prandium in tentorio Regis Anglorum. Rex Francie consedit in dextera parte aula; cui servitum fuit regaliter more sue patrie, id est, de omnibus cibariis primi cursus simul in magna parapside, et de secundo cursu eodem modo. Regi vero Angliz servitum fuit patriee sue more. Post prandium Reges osculati sunt pariter, et ascenderunt equos; duxitque Rex Angliz Regem Francie in viam suam, et tandem, vinetis manibus, super equos discesserunt ab invicem. Rex Francie equitavit ad Arde, Rex autem Anglie ad Calesiam se convertit, ubi filiam Regis Francie duxit uxorem, pusiolam septennem vel octennem.
Fuit autem iste Regum apparatus grandis, et sumptuosus in donariis et expeusis; nam praeter dona quaæ Rex Angliæ dedit Regi Franciæ, aliisque proceribus illius regni, quæ superaverunt summam decem millium marcarum, Rex expendit, ut dicitur, trecenta millia marcarum et amplius, ea vice. Rediit igitur cito post in Angliam salvus, et uxor sua, sed aversa tempestate perdidit tentoria sua, et magnam partem supellectilis domus suæ.
Fuit autem iste Regum apparatus grandis, et sumptuosus in donariis et expensis; nam proster dona quæ Rex Angliæ dedit Regi Franciæ, aliisque proceribus illius regni, quæ superaverunt summam decern millium marcarum, Rex expendit, ut dicitur, trecenta millia marcarum et amplius, ea vice. Rediit igitur cito post in Angliam salvus, et uxor sua, sed aversa tempestate perdidit tentoria sua, et magnam partem supellectilis domus suæ.
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William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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On 30th October 1454 Charles "Bold" Valois Duke Burgundy (age 20) and Isabella Bourbon (age 18) were married. She the daughter of Charles Bourbon I Duke Bourbon (age 53) and Agnes Valois Duchess Bourbon (age 47). He the son of Philip "Good" Valois III Duke Burgundy (age 58) and Isabella Aviz Duchess Burgundy (age 57). They were first cousins. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
Patent Rolls. 30th October 1459. Farnham Royal, Buckinghamshire [Map]. Commission of array to Richard Wydevyle of Ryvers (age 54), knight, and the sheriff of Kent in Kent, to resist Richard, duke of York (age 48), Edward Earl of March (age 17), Richard, Earl of Warwick (age 30), and Richard, Earl of Salisbury (age 59), and their accomplices, leagued in rebellion against the king and crown and allowed by certain persons having the keeping of the town and castle of Calais [Map] to enter the same contrary to the king's mandates, and now preparing to arouse congregations and insur rections in the said county; and appointment of the same to arrest all ships and other vessels late of the said Earl of Warwick and all the tackling thereof and to keep the same for the king's use. By K.
On 30th October 1466 Marie Valois Duchess Cleves (age 73) died.
On 30th October 1485 King Henry VII of England and Ireland (age 28) was crowned VII King of England by Cardinal Thomas Bourchier (age 67) at Westminster Abbey [Map]. Earl Richmond merged with the crown. Margaret Beaufort Countess Richmond (age 42), his mother, attended.
Robert Dymoke (age 24) attended as the Kings' Champion.
John de Vere 13th Earl of Oxford (age 43) carried the King's train.
Chronicle of Edward Hall [1496-1548]. 30th October 1485. After this he [King Henry VII of England and Ireland (age 28)] with great pompe was cōueighed to Westmynster, and there the thirtye daye of Octobre was with all ceremonyes accustomed, enoynted & crouned kyng by the whole assent as well of the cōmons as of the nobilite, & was named kyng Henry the. vij. of that. name, which was in the yere of our redempcion. M. cece. Ixxxvi. Frederyke the. iij. then beynge Emperour of Almayne, Maximilian his sonne then beynge newely clected kyng of Romanes, Charles the. viij. reignyng over the Frenche nacion, & lames the iij. rulyng the realme of Scotland. Which kyngdome he obteyned & enioyed as a thyng by God elected. & prouided, and by his especiall fauoure & gracious aspecte compassed and acheved. In so muche that m& comonly reporte that. vii. C. xcvii. yeres passed, it was by a heavenly voyce reueled to Cadwalader last kyng of Brytons that his stocke and progeny should reigne in this land and beare domynion agayn: Wherupo most men were persuaded in their awne opinion that by this heauenly voyce he was prouided & ordeyned longe before to enioye and obteine this kyngdom, whiche thing kyng Henry the. vi. did also shewe before asyou have heard declared. Wherefore he beynge by right and iust tytle of temporal inheritaunce, & by prouision of deuyne purueyauce thus crouned and proclaimed kyng: First of all vsyng the antique example of the Athenienses, whiche is to perdon and put out of memory all crymes and offences before tyme agaynst hym or his lawes perpetrated or cōmitted, he called his high court of parliamét at Westmynster the. vii. daye of Nouembre for thestablishyng of all thinges aswell cGeernyng the preseruacion and maintenaֹֹֹūce of his royal person, as the admynistracion of iustice and preferment of the cōmon wealth of this realme and dominion, in the which he caused to be proclaimed that all men were perdoned, acquited & clerely discharged of all offences, peynes of death and execucions, and should be restored to their landes and moueable goodes whiche woulde submit them selfes to his clemency and by othe be obliged truly to serue and obeye bym as their sovereigne lorde, & who woulde be obstinate & refuse to returne to his parte, should be accepted and taken as a publike enemy to hym and his countrey. By reason of which proclamacion, a great nombre that came out of diverse sanctuaries and privileged places obteyned grace, forgetting clerely the diversite of faccions & voyce of partakyng. After this he began to remembre his es- peciall frendes & fautours, of whome sone he anaunced to honoure & dignite, & some he enriched with possessions & goodes, every ma according to his desert & merite. And to begvnne, laspar (age 53) his vncle Erle of Penbrooke, he created duke of Bedforde, Thomas lorde Stanley (age 50) he promoted to be erle of Darby, & lord Chandew of Briteine his especiall frende he made erle of Bathe, Sir Gyles Dawbeney (age 34) was made lorde Dawbeney, Sir Robert Willoughby (age 33) was made lord Brooke which be in their degree barons and peeres of the realme. And Edward Stafford (age 7) eldest son to Henry late duke of Buckingham, he restored to his name dignitie and possessions, which kyng Richard did confiscate and attaynted. Beside this in this parliamēt was this notable acte assented to and concluded as foloweth.
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Grafton's Chronicle [1507-1573]. [30th October 1485]. After thys, he wyth great pompe was conueyed to Westminster, and there the thirtie King Henry the daye of October was wyth all ceremonies accustomed, annoynted and crowned Kyng by seuenth crowned the whole assent as well of the commons as of the Nobilitie, and was named king Henry the seuenth of that name, Frederike the thirde then beyng Emperour of Almayne, Maximilian hys sonne then beyng newely elected king of Romaynes, Charles the eyght reygning ouer the French nation, and Iames the thirde rulyng the realme of Scotlande. Which James the thirde kingdome he obteyned and enioyed as a thing by God elected and prouided, & by hys king of Scottes, especiall fauour and gracious aspect compassed and acheeued. In so much that men commonly reported that. 797. yeres passed, it was by a heauenly voyce reuealed to Cadwalader last king of Brytons that his stock and progeny should reigne in thys land and beare dominyon agayne: Wherevpon most men were perswaded in their awne opinion that by this heauenly voyce he was prouided and ordeyned long before to enioy and obteyne this kingdome, which thing king Henry the sixt did also shew before, as you haue heard declared. Wherefore he beyng by right and iust tytle of temporall inheritaunce, and by the prouision of deuine purueyaunce thus crowned and proclaymed king: First of all vsyng the antique example of the Athenians, which is to pardon and put out of memorie all crymes and offences before tyme agaynst hym or hys lawes perpetrated or committed, he called hys high court of Parliament at Westmynster the seuenth day of Nouember for boldeeranwest the stablyshing of all things as well concerning the preseruation and mayntenaunce of hys general pardo royall person, as the admynistration of iustice and preferment of the common welth of A parliamēt graunted. thys realme and dominion, in the which he caused to be proclaymed that all inen were pardoned acquyted and cleerely discharged of all offences, paynes of deathe and executions, and should be restored to their landes and moueable goodes, which would submit themselues to his clemencie & by othe be bound truely to serue and obey him as their souereigne Lord, & who so would be obstinate and refuse to returne to hys part, should be accepted and taken as a publike enemy to him and his Countrey. By reason of which proclamation, a great number that came out of dyuers Sanctuaries and priuileged places obteyned grace, forgettyng clerely the diuersitie of factions and voyce of partaking. After this he began to remember his especiall friends and fautors, of whom some he aduaunced to honour and dignity, and some he enriched with possessions and goodes, euery man according to his desert and merite. And to begin, Iasper his Vncle Erle of Penbrooke, he created Duke of Bedforde, Thomas Lorde Stanley he promoted to the Erle of Darby, and the Lorde Chandew of Britayne his especiall friend he made Erle of Bathe, Syr Gyles Dawbeny was made Lorde Dawbeny, syr Robert Wylloughby was made Lorde Brooke which be in their degree Barons and Peeres of the realme. And Edwarde Stafford eldest sonne to Henry late Duke of Buckyngham, he restored to his name, dignitie and possessions, which king Richard did confiscate and attainted. Beside thys, in this Parliament was this notable act assented to and concluded as foloweth.
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On 30th October 1492 Anne Valois Marchioness of Montferrat was born to Rene Valois Duke Alençon (age 38) and Margaret Lorraine Duchess Alençon (age 29). She married 1508 her half second cousin once removed William IX Marquis of Montferrat, son of Boniface III Marquis of Montferrat and Maria of Serbia Marchioness of Montferrat, and had issue.
On 30th October 1495 Francis Bourbon Count Vendôme and Soissons (age 25) died. His son Charles (age 6) succeeded Count Vendôme.
On 30th October 1535 François Valois III Duke Longueville was born to Louis Valois II Duke Longueville (age 25) and Mary of Guise Queen Consort Scotland (age 19).
On 30th October 1600, or early November, Robert Devereux 2nd Earl Essex (age 34) was refused the renewal of his lucrative monopoly on Sweet Wine by Queen Elizabeth I of England and Ireland (age 67) effectively bankrupting him.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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On 30th October 1623 Christopher Wren was born.
On 30th October 1633 Bishop Nicholas Monck (age 23) graduated Master of Arts: Oxford University at Wadham College, Oxford University.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 30th October 1660. Within all the morning and dined at home, my mind being so troubled that I could not mind nor do anything till I spoke with the Comptroller to whom the lodgings belong. In the afternoon, to ease my mind, I went to the Cockpit [Map] all alone, and there saw a very fine play called "The Tamer Tamed;" very well acted. That being done, I went to Mr. Crew's (age 62), where I had left my boy, and so with him and Mr. Moore (who would go a little way with me home, as he will always do) to the Hercules Pillars to drink, where we did read over the King's (age 30) declaration in matters of religion, which is come out to-day, which is very well penned, I think to the satisfaction of most people. So home, where I am told Mr. Davis's people have broken open the bolt of my chamber door that goes upon the leads, which I went up to see and did find it so, which did still trouble me more and more. And so I sent for Griffith, and got him to search their house to see what the meaning of it might be, but can learn nothing to-night. But I am a little pleased that I have found this out. I hear nothing yet of my Lord, whether he be gone for the Queen (age 50) from the Downs or no; but I believe he is, and that he is now upon coming back again.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 27th October 1662. He told me what great faction there is at Court; and above all, what is whispered, that young Crofts (age 13) is lawful son to the King (age 32), the King being married to his mother1. How true this is, God knows; but I believe the Duke of York (age 29) will not be fooled in this of three crowns.
Note 1. There has been much confusion as to the name and parentage of Charles's mistress. Lucy Walter was the daughter of William Walter of Roch Castle, co. Pembroke, and Mr. S. Steinman, in his "Althorp Memoirs" (privately printed, 1869), sets out her pedigree, which is a good one. Roch Castle was taken and burnt by the Parliamentary forces in 1644, and Lucy was in London in 1648, where she made the acquaintance of Colonel Algernon Sidney (age 25). She then fell into the possession of his brother, Colonel Robert Sidney2. In September of this same year she was taken up by Charles, Prince of Wales. Charles terminated his connection with her on October 30th, 1651, and she died in 1658, as appears by a document (administration entry in the Register of the Prerogative Court) met with by the late Colonel Chester. William Erskine, who had served Charles as cupbearer in his wanderings, and was appointed Master of the Charterhouse in December, 1677, had the care of Lucy Walter, and buried her in Paris. He declared that the King never had any intention of marrying her, and she did not deserve it. Thomas Ross, the tutor of her son, put the idea of this claim into his head, and asked Dr. Cosin to certify to a marriage. In consequence of this he was removed from his office, and Lord Crofts (age 37) took his place (Steinman's "Althorp Memoirs"). Lucy Walter took the name of Barlow during her wanderings.
Note 2. Not clear who Colonel Robert Sidney is since Algernon Sidney didn't have a brother called Robert. Algernon's brothers were Philip Sidney 3rd Earl of Leicester (age 43) and Henry Sidney 1st Earl Romney (age 21).
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 30th October 1662. So I went; and the guard at the Tower Gate, making me leave my sword at the gate, I was forced to stay so long in the ale-house hard by, till my boy run home for my cloak, that my Lord Mayor that now is, Sir John Robinson (age 47), Lieutenant of the Tower, with all his company, was gone with their coaches to his house in Minchen Lane. So my cloak being come, I walked thither; and there, by Sir G. Carteret's (age 52) means, did presently speak with Sir H. Bennet (age 44), who did show and give me the King's warrant to me and Mr. Leigh, and another to himself, for the paying of £2,000 to my Lord, and other two to the discoverers. After a little discourse, dinner come in; and I dined with them. There was my Lord Mayor, my Lord Lauderdale, Mr. Secretary Morris, to whom Sir H. Bennet would give the upper hand; Sir Wm. Compton, Sir G. Carteret, and myself, and some other company, and a brave dinner.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 30th October 1662. After dinner, Sir H. Bennet (age 44) did call aside the Lord Mayor and me, and did break the business to him, who did not, nor durst appear the least averse to it, but did promise all assistance forthwith to set upon it. So Mr. Lee and I to our office, and there walked till Mr. Wade and one Evett his guide did come, and W. Griffin, and a porter with his picke-axes, &c.; and so they walked along with us to the Tower, and Sir H. Bennet and my Lord Mayor did give us full power to fall to work.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 30th October 1662. At noon when we were up comes Mr. Wade with my Lord's letter, and tells me the whole business. So we consulted for me to go first to Sir H. Bennet (age 44), who is now with many of the Privy Counsellors at the Tower, examining of their late prisoners, to advise with him when to begin.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 30th October 1662. But, Lord! to see what a young simple fantastique coxcombe is made Deputy Governor, would make one mad; and how he called out for his night-gown of silk, only to make a show to us; and yet for half an hour I did not think he was the Deputy Governor, and so spoke not to him about the business, but waited for another man; at last I broke our business to him; and he promising his care, we parted. And Mr. Leigh and I by coach to White Hall, where I did give my Lord Sandwich (age 37) an account of our proceedings, and some encouragement to hope for something hereafter, and so bade him good-night, and so by coach home again, where to my trouble I found that the painter had not been here to-day to do any thing, which vexes me mightily.
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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Samuel Pepys' Diary. 30th October 1662. So our guide demands, a candle, and down into the cellars he goes, inquiring whether they were the same that Baxter1 always had. We went into several little cellars, and then went out a-doors to view, and to the Cole Harbour; but none did answer so well to the marks which was given him to find it by, as one arched vault. Where, after a great deal of council whether to set upon it now, or delay for better and more full advice, we set to it, to digging we went to almost eight o'clock at night, but could find nothing. But, however, our guides did not at all seem discouraged; for that they being confident that the money is there they look for, but having never been in the cellars, they could not be positive to the place, and therefore will inform themselves more fully now they have been there, of the party that do advise them. So locking the door after us, we left work to-night, and up to the Deputy Governor (my Lord Mayor, and Sir H. Bennet (age 44), with the rest of the company being gone an hour before); and he do undertake to keep the key of the cellars, that none shall go down without his privity.
Note 1. Intended for John Barkstead, Lieutenant of the Tower under Cromwell. Committed to the Tower (see March 17th, 1661-62).
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 30th October 1662. Could sleep but little to-night for thoughts of my business. So up by candlelight and by water to Whitehall, and so to my Lord Sandwich (age 37), who was up in his chamber and all alone, did acquaint me with his business; which was, that our old acquaintance Mr. Wade (in Axe Yard [Map]) hath discovered to him £7,000 hid in the Tower, of which he was to have two for discovery; my Lord himself two, and the King (age 32) the other three, when it was found; and that the King's warrant runs for me on my Lord's part, and one Mr. Lee for Sir Harry Bennet (age 44), to demand leave of the Lieutenant of the Tower for to make search. After he had told me the whole business, I took leave and hastened to my office, expecting to be called by a letter from my Lord to set upon the business, and so there I sat with the officers all the morning.
On 30th October 1668 Sophia Charlotte Hanover Queen Consort Prussia was born to Ernest Augustus Hanover Elector Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 38) and Electress Sophia Palatinate Simmern (age 38). She a great granddaughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland. She married before 1685 her second cousin Frederick I King Prussia and had issue.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 30th October 1668. Up betimes; and Mr. Povy (age 54) comes to even accounts with me, which we did, and then fell to other talk. He tells, in short, how the King (age 38) is made a child of, by Buckingham (age 40) and Arlington (age 50), to the lessening of the Duke of York (age 35), whom they cannot suffer to be great, for fear of my Chancellor's (age 59) return, which, therefore, they make the King violent against. That he believes it is impossible these two great men can hold together long: or, at least, that the ambition of the former is so great, that he will endeavour to master all, and bring into play as many as he can. That Anglesey (age 54) will not lose his place easily, but will contend in law with whoever comes to execute it. That the Duke of York, in all things but in his cod-piece, is led by the nose by his wife (age 31). That W. Coventry (age 40) is now, by the Duke of York, made friends with the Duchess; and that he is often there, and waits on her. That he do believe that these present great men will break in time, and that W. Coventry will be a great man again; for he do labour to have nothing to do in matters of the State, and is so usefull to the side that he is on, that he will stand, though at present he is quite out of play. That my Baroness Castlemayne (age 27) hates the Duke of Buckingham. That the Duke of York hath expressed himself very kind to my Lord Sandwich (age 43), which I am mighty glad of. That we are to expect more changes if these men stand. This done, he and I to talk of my coach, and I got him to go see it, where he finds most infinite fault with it, both as to being out of fashion and heavy, with so good reason that I am mightily glad of his having corrected me in it; and so I do resolve to have one of his build, and with his advice, both in coach and horses, he being the fittest man in the world for it, and so he carried me home, and said the same to my wife. So I to the office and he away, and at noon I home to dinner, and all the afternoon late with Gibson at my chamber about my present great business, only a little in the afternoon at the office about Sir D. Gawden's accounts, and so to bed and slept heartily, my wife and I at good peace, but my heart troubled and her mind not at ease, I perceive, she against and I for the girle, to whom I have not said anything these three days, but resolve to be mighty strange in appearance to her. This night W. Batelier come and took his leave of us, he setting out for France to-morrow.
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After 30th October 1670. Church of St Peter and St Paul, Easton Maudit [Map]. Monument to Henry Yelverton Baron Grey of Ruthyn (deceased) and Susan Longueville 13th Baroness Grey of Ruthyn.
Susan Longueville 13th Baroness Grey of Ruthyn: she was born to Charles Longueville 12th Baron Grey of Ruthyn and Frances Neville. On 14th June 1643 Charles Longueville 12th Baron Grey of Ruthyn died. His daughter Susan succeeded 13th Baroness Grey of Ruthyn. Before 21st August 1657 Henry Yelverton Baron Grey of Ruthyn and she were married. He by marriage Baron Grey of Ruthyn. They were fifth cousin once removed. On 28th January 1676 she died. She was buried at the Church of St Peter and St Paul, Easton Maudit [Map]. Her son Charles succeeded 14th Baron Grey of Ruthyn.
On 30th October 1683 King George II of Great Britain and Ireland was born to King George I (age 23) and Sophia Dorothea of Celle (age 17) at Herrenhausen Palace, Hanover, Lower Saxony. He a great x 2 grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.25%. He married 22nd August 1705 Caroline Hohenzollern Queen Consort England and had issue.
John Evelyn's Diary. 30th October 1683. I went to Kew to visit Sir Henry Capell (age 45), brother to the late Earl of Essex; but he being gone to Cashiobury, after I had seen his garden and the alterations therein, I returned home. He had repaired his house, roofed his hall with a kind of cupola, and in a niche was an artificial fountain; but the room seems to me over-melancholy, yet might be much improved by having the walls well painted á fresco. The two green houses for oranges and myrtles, communicating with the rooms below, are very well contrived. There is a cupola made with pole-work between two elms at the end of a walk, which being covered by plashing the trees to them, is very pretty; for the rest there are too many fir trees in the garden.
On 30th October 1685 John Ayloffe (age 40) was hanged, drawn and quartered at Temple Bar for his part in the Argyll's Rising.
John Evelyn's Diary. 30th October 1688. I dined with Lord Preston (age 39), made Secretary of State, in the place of the Earl of Sunderland (age 47).
The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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John Evelyn's Diary. 30th October 1688. Visited Mr. Boyle, when came in the Duke of Hamilton (age 53) and Earl of Burlington (age 76). The Duke told us many particulars of Mary Queen of Scots, and her amours with the Italian favorite, etc.
On 30th October 1696 Charlotte Saxe Coburg Saalfeld was born to John Ernest Saxe Coburg Saalfeld IV Duke Saxe Coburg Saalfeld (age 38) and Charlotte Johanna Waldeck Wildungen Duchess Saxe Coburg Saalfeld at Saalfield. She died aged less than one years old.
On 30th October 1711 Catherine Russell Duchess Rutland (age 35) died.
On 30th October 1735 Edmund Sheffield 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Normanby (age 19) died of consumption at Rome, Italy [Map] unmarried and without issue. Duke of Buckingham and Normanby, Earl Mulgrave and Baron Sheffield of Butterwick in Lincolnshire extinct.
On 30th October 1741 Angelica Kauffmann was born in Chur Graubünden.
On 30th October 1809 William Cavendish-Bentinck 3rd Duke Portland (age 71) died. His son William (age 41) succeeded 4th Duke Portland, 5th Earl of Portland.
Memorial at Saint Michael and All Angels Church, Church Broughton [Map] to Lucy, daughter of Reverend John Wiliams, who died 22nd April 1839, and her brother William Lewis Williams, who died at Pleasant Valley, Davenport, Iowa, North America, on 6th August 1848, aged 21, and to their mother Jane Cullingworth, who died 30th October 1846, aged 52 years.
On 30th October 1881 William Brodie (age 66) died at his home 9 Cambridge Street, Edinburgh [Map]. He was buried at Dean Cemetery, Edinburgh.
Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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The London Gazette 27243. Lord Chamberlain's Office, St. James's Palace, October 30, 1900.
The Queen (age 81) has been pleased to appoint George Richard Penn (age 39), Earl Howe, to be one of the Lords in Waiting in Ordinary to Her Majesty, in the room of Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon (age 54), resigned.
The London Gazette 28193. Whitehall, October 30, 1908. The KING, taking into His Royal consideration that upon the decease of Spencer Compton Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire, without male issue, on the twenty-fourth day of March last, the title and dignity of Duke of Devonshire devolved upon Victor Christian William Caven dish, now Duke of Devonshire, as the eldest son and heir of Edward Cavendish, commonly called Lord Edward Cavendish, whereby according to the ordinary rules of honour the brothers of the said Victor Christian William Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire, cannot enjoy the title, rank, place and precedence which would have been due to them had their father survived the said Spencer Cornpton Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire, and succeeded to the title and dignity of Duku of Devonshire, His Majesty hus been graciously pleased to ordain and declare that Richard Frederick Cavendish (age 37), of Holker Hall, Cark in Cartmel, in the county of Lancaster, Esquire, and John Spencer Cavendish (age 33), Esquire, Companion of the Distinguished Order, Captain, 1st Life Guards, now residing at Carlos-place, Grosvenor square, in the county of London, shall have, hold and enjoy the same title, rank, place, pre-eminence and precedence as if their late father, the said Lord Edward Cavendish had survived the said Spencer Compton Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire, and thereby succeeded to the title and dignity of Duke of Devonshire.
And to command that the said Royal order and declaration be registered in His Majesty's College of Arms
On 30th October 1914 at Zandvoorde during the he First Battle of Ypres.
Charles Pelham (age 27) [Lord Worsley] was killed in action. His wife, Alexandra Vivian (age 24), who did not remarry, subsequently purchased the land in the town of Zandvoorde in which he was buried. Following his re-interrment at the Town Cemetery Military Extension at Ypre in 1921, the land became the site of the Household Cavalry Memorial.
Hugh William Grosvenor (age 30) was killed in action.
Gerald Ernest Francis Ward (age 36) was killed in action His body was never recovered and he is commemorated at the Menin Gate.
Charles Petty-Fitzmaurice (age 40) was killed in action.
The 1st Life Guard's war diary noted the action at Zandvoorde -[7]
Zandvoorde-Oct 30 6am Heavy bombardment of position opened. At 7.30am position was attacked by large force of infantry. This attack proved successful owing to greatly superior numbers. Regiment retired in good order about 10.00am except C Squadron on the left flank from which only about ten men got back. Remainder of Squadron missing. Also one machine gun put out of action.
Worsley was in command of the Machine Gun section of the Royal Horse Guards defending the area around Zandvoorde to the East of Ypres. They had come under overwhelming pressure and most of the unit had been withdrawn and replaced by 1st Life Guards in which Hugh Grosvenor served. However the MG section, being essential to the defence of the line was retained in the front line along with its crew, led by Lord Worsley. The events concerning the death of both men are discussed in "1914 - The Days of Hope" by Lyn McDonald. Worsley was not the image of the spit and polish of the Household Brigade. He was covered in mud and had not shaved for a week having been subject to continual attacks by the German elite troops ranged against them. He wrote home that his last shave "was all the washing I've had time for in the last ten days". The incoming Life Guards had one Machine Gun inoperative so Worsley's gun was retained as it covered a vital section of the line. His team were tired and hungry having missed out on a meal during the relief by the 1st Life Guards, who had already consumed their own rations whilst moving up to the line and could not help their brothers in arms. However a timely parcel arrived from Worsley's mother containing chocolate which was shared equally amongst the MG team. They remained in position for six days and nights in appalling weather and under attack by overwhelming numbers. Their trench was shallow, and dug on the forward slope before Zandvoorde in full view of the Germans. It was clear to Hugh Grosvenor that the position was exposed and that the Germans were massing for another attack. Grosvenor sent the following message to his HQ "There appears to be a considerable force of the enemy to my front and to my right front. They approach to within about seven hundred yards at night. Our shells have not been near them on this flank". What remained unsaid was that the German artillery certainly had the range of the British trenches and had delivered significant quantities of shellfire, clearly with little reply.
The morning of 30th November dawned as the eighth consecutive day that Worsley's MG team had spent in the line. At 06.00hrs the German barrage started and it was intense. For 90 minutes there was little that the British could do but deal with their battered trenches and their wounded. Worsley's team had to cover their vital Machine Gun with their bodies to protect it from mud and dirt - they well knew that when the shelling stopped they would need it in full working order. When the shelling stopped and the Germans advanced it was over in minutes. An official report confirmed that "the (German) attack proved successful owing to greatly superior numbers" and that the Regiment had "retired in good order". Not all had retired in good order. Hugh Grosvenor and Charles Worsley were occupied in dealing with Germans swarming over their trenches and firing on them at close range and soon it came down to hand to hand fighting. The inevitable conclusion soon came. One man retiring looked back and saw Worsley still standing, firing at the enemy about to overwhelm the trench. There was nobody left alive to tell the tale of the final moments. There were no British wounded. There were no prisoners taken. A cavalry squadron, fighting as dismounted infantry, had simply ceased to exist. By 08.30 news that the 7th Cavalry Brigade had been pushed off the Zandvoorde ridge reached 1st Corps HQ. Perhaps the Commander, General Sir Douglas Haig, took a moment to spare a thought for Worsley who was married to Haig's wife's younger sister.
There was a postscript. The German unit that captured Worsley's trench was the 1st Bavarian Jaeger Regiment and one of its officers found the bodies and on searching them for papers found that Worsley was a Lord. He ordered that any personal effects, including a gold ring should be taken from the body and returned to Worsley's family. Unfortunately the German officer was himself killed a few days later and the effects never found their way back to England. All of the British bodies were buried in a mass grave which remains unfound to this day and all are commemorated on the Menin Gate Memorial. All but one; Worsley's body was given a separate burial and via neutral Holland the German authorities passed information of its location. After the war it was located and is now buried in Ypres Town Cemetery Extension, just yards from that of another aristocratic Freemason HRH Prince Maurice of Battenberg. The land where Worsley's body was found was purchased by his wife and now is the site of the Household Division Memorial. Lyn McDonalds book includes photos of Worsley and his wife at the quayside before his embarkation to France and also his temporary grave marker.
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On 30th October 1930 Princess Margaret was baptised at the Chapel Buckingham Palace by Archbishop Cosmo Gordon Lang (age 65). Her aunt Rose Constance Bowes-Lyon Countess Granville (age 40) was godmother.
On 30th October 1492 Anne Valois Marchioness of Montferrat was born to Rene Valois Duke Alençon (age 38) and Margaret Lorraine Duchess Alençon (age 29). She married 1508 her half second cousin once removed William IX Marquis of Montferrat, son of Boniface III Marquis of Montferrat and Maria of Serbia Marchioness of Montferrat, and had issue.
On 30th October 1535 François Valois III Duke Longueville was born to Louis Valois II Duke Longueville (age 25) and Mary of Guise Queen Consort Scotland (age 19).
On 30th October 1623 Christopher Wren was born.
On 30th October 1668 Sophia Charlotte Hanover Queen Consort Prussia was born to Ernest Augustus Hanover Elector Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 38) and Electress Sophia Palatinate Simmern (age 38). She a great granddaughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland. She married before 1685 her second cousin Frederick I King Prussia and had issue.
On 30th October 1680 Richard Cust 2nd Baronet was born to Pury Cust (age 25) and Ursula Woodcock (age 21). He married before 1717 Anne Brownlow Lady Cust, daughter of William Brownlow 4th Baronet and Dorothy Mason Baroness Brownlow, and had issue.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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On 30th October 1683 King George II of Great Britain and Ireland was born to King George I (age 23) and Sophia Dorothea of Celle (age 17) at Herrenhausen Palace, Hanover, Lower Saxony. He a great x 2 grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.25%. He married 22nd August 1705 Caroline Hohenzollern Queen Consort England and had issue.
On 30th October 1696 Charlotte Saxe Coburg Saalfeld was born to John Ernest Saxe Coburg Saalfeld IV Duke Saxe Coburg Saalfeld (age 38) and Charlotte Johanna Waldeck Wildungen Duchess Saxe Coburg Saalfeld at Saalfield. She died aged less than one years old.
On 30th October 1700 Cecil Bishopp 6th Baronet was born to Cecil Bishopp 5th Baronet. He married 1726 Anne Boscawen Lady Bishopp, daughter of Hugh Boscawen 1st Viscount Falmouth and Charlotte Godfrey Viscountess Falmouth, and had issue.
On 30th October 1724 John Ashburnham 2nd Earl Ashburnham was born to John Ashburnham 1st Earl Ashburnham (age 37) and Jemima Grey Countess Ashburham (age 25). He married 25th June 1756 Elizabeth Crowley Countess Ashburham and had issue.
On 30th October 1735 Nicholas Lawless 1st Baron Cloncurry was born. He married 1761 Margaret Browne Baroness Cloncurry, daughter of Valentine Browne 5th Baronet and Mary FitzGerald Countess Fingall, and had issue.
On 30th October 1737 Jane Rochfort Countess Lanesborough was born to Robert Rochfort 1st Earl of Belvedere (age 29) and Mary Molesworth. She married 22nd June 1754 Brinsley Butler 2nd Earl Lanesborough, son of Humphrey Butler 1st Earl Lanesborough, and had issue.
On 30th October 1741 Angelica Kauffmann was born in Chur Graubünden.
On 30th October 1742 William Courtenay 8th Earl Devon was born to William Courtenay 7th Earl Devon (age 33) and Frances Finch Countess Devon. He married 7th May 1762 Frances Clack Countess Devon and had issue.
On 30th October 1752 William Henry Bouverie was born to William Pleydell-Bouverie 1st Earl Radnor (age 27) and Rebecca Alleyne Viscountess Folkestone (age 27). He married 16th August 1777 Bridget Douglas, daughter of James Douglas 14th Earl Morton and Bridget Heathcote Countess Morton, and had issue.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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On 30th October 1803 Charlotte Howard was born to Kenneth Alexander Howard 1st Earl of Effingham (age 35) and Charlotte Primrose Countess Effingham (age 27). Coefficient of inbreeding 3.12%.
On 30th October 1840 John Manners Yorke 7th Earl of Hardwicke was born to Charles Yorke 4th Earl of Hardwicke (age 41) and Susan Liddell Countess Hardwicke (age 30). He married 1869 Edith Mary Oswald Countess of Hardwicke and had issue.
On 30th October 1845 William Arcedeckne Vanneck was born to Charles Andrew Vanneck 3rd Baron Huntingfield (age 27).
On 30th October 1857 Charles Robert Spencer 6th Earl Spencer was born to Frederick Spencer 4th Earl Spencer (age 59) and Adelaide Horatia Seymour-Conway Countess Spencer (age 32). He married 23rd July 1887 Margaret Baring Countess Spencer, daughter of Edward Baring 1st Baron Revelstoke and Louisa Emily Charlotte Bulteel Baroness Revelstoke, and had issue.
On 30th October 1860 Gerald Anthony Shaw-Lefevre-St John-Mildmay 7th Baronet was born to Henry St John-Mildmay 5th Baronet (age 50). He married 19th October 1892 his second cousin Isabel Emily St John-Mildmay Lady St-John-Mildmay and had issue.
On 30th October 1862 Henry Paulet 16th Marquess of Winchester was born to John Paulet 14th Marquess Winchester (age 61) and Mary Robinson Montagu Marchioness Winchester. He married (1) 1892 Charlotte Howard (2) 1952 Bapsybanoo Pavry Marchioness of Winchester.
On 30th October 1865 Charles Abbott 4th Baron Tenterden was born to Charles Stuart Abbott 3rd Baron Tenterden (age 30) and Penelope Smyth Baroness Tenterden (age 25). Coefficient of inbreeding 6.25%.
On 30th October 1872 Joan Emily Thynne Countess Cawdor was born to John Charles Thynne (age 34). She married 11th June 1898 her second cousin once removed Hugh Campbell 4th Earl Cawdor, son of Frederick Archibald Vaughan Campbell 3rd Earl Cawdor and Edith Georgiana Turnor Countess Cawdor, and had issue.
On 30th October 1883 Henry Edmund Fitzalan Howard 2nd Viscount Fitzalan Derwent Derby was born to Edmund Bernard Fitzalan Howard 1st Viscount Fitzalan Derwent Derby (age 28) and Mary Caroline Bertie Viscountess Fitzalan Derwent Derby (age 24).
On 30th October 1887 Mary Curzon Countess Howe was born to Montagu Curzon (age 41) and Esmé Fitzroy (age 28). She married 28th October 1907 her half first cousin once removed Francis Curzon 5th Earl Howe, son of Richard George Penn Curzon 4th Earl Howe and Georgiana Elizabeth Spencer-Churchill Countess Howe, and had issue.
Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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On 30th October 1890 Muriel Strutt was born to Henry Strutt 2nd Baron Belper (age 50) and Margaret Coke Baroness Belper (age 38). She married 30th November 1916 Frank Haultain Hornsby.
On 30th October 1913 Richard Kay-Shuttleworth 2nd Baron Shuttleworth was born to Captain Lawrence Ughtred Kay-Shuttleworth (age 26) and Selina Adine Bridgeman (age 27).
On 30th October 1454 Charles "Bold" Valois Duke Burgundy (age 20) and Isabella Bourbon (age 18) were married. She the daughter of Charles Bourbon I Duke Bourbon (age 53) and Agnes Valois Duchess Bourbon (age 47). He the son of Philip "Good" Valois III Duke Burgundy (age 58) and Isabella Aviz Duchess Burgundy (age 57). They were first cousins. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
On 30th October 1660 William Noel 2nd Baronet (age 18) and Margaret Lovelace Lady Noel (age 20) were married.
On 30th October 1714 Joseph Alston 3rd Baronet (age 49) and Charlotte Mordaunt Lady Alston were married. She by marriage Lady Alston of Chelsea.
On 30th October 1762 William Trench 1st Earl of Clancarty (age 21) and Anne Gardiner were married. They had nineteen children.
On 30th October 1824 George Venables-Vernon aka Warren 5th Baron Vernon (age 21) and Isabella Caroline Ellison (age 19) were married.
On 30th October 1840 Jacob Pleydell-Bouverie 4th Earl Radnor (age 25) and Mary Augusta Frederica Grimston (age 19) were married. She the daughter of James Walter Grimston 1st Earl Verulam (age 65) and Charlotte Jenkinson Countess Verulam. He the son of William Pleydell-Bouverie 3rd Earl Radnor (age 61) and Judith St John-Mildmay Countess Radnor (age 50).
On 30th October 1849 George Bridgeman 2nd Earl Bradford (age 60) and Helen Mackay Countess Bradford (age 49) were married. She by marriage Countess Bradford. She the widow of his first wife Georgina's brother David Moncrieffe 6th Baronet. He the son of Orlando Bridgeman 1st Earl Bradford and Lucy Elizabeth Byng Countess Bradford.
Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.
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On 30th October 1917 Francis Stapleton-Cotton 4th Viscount Combermere (age 30) and Louisa Hazel Agnew Viscountess Combermere (age 26) were married.
On 30th October 1944 Edward Agar 5th Earl Normanton (age 34) and Fiona Pratt Countess Normanton were married. She by marriage Countess Normanton. She the daughter of John Pratt 4th Marquess Camden and Joan Marion Neville Marchioness Camden (age 67). He the son of Sidney James Agar 4th Earl Normanton and Amy Frederica Alice Byng Countess Normanton. They were fifth cousins.
On 30th October 1946 Gerald Bridgeman 6th Earl of Bradford (age 35) and Mary Willoughby Montgomery Countess Bradford were married. He the son of Orlando Bridgeman 5th Earl Bradford (age 73) and Margaret Cecilia Bruce Countess Bradford (age 64).
On 30th October 1272 Hugh IV Duke Burgundy (age 59) died. His son Robert (age 24) succeeded II Duke Burgundy.
On 30th October 1282 Roger Mortimer 1st Baron Mortimer of Wigmore (age 51) died. He was buried at Wigmore Abbey [Map] where the inscription of his tombstone reads "Here lies buried, glittering with praise, Roger the pure, Roger Mortimer the second, called Lord of Wigmore by those who held him dear. While he lived all Wales feared his power, and given as a gift to him all Wales remained his. It knew his campaigns, he subjected it to torment". His son Edmund (age 31) succeeded 2nd Baron Mortimer of Wigmore.
On 30th October 1348 Eleanor Burgundy Queen Consort Aragon (age 20) died of plague. See Masearo, Condes de Barcelona, Volume 2, p. 274.
On 30th October 1404 William Heron 1st Baron Heron died. Baron Heron extinct.
On 30th October 1426 Anne Despencer Baroness Hastings, Marshal and Morley (age 68) died at Norwich, Norfolk [Map].
The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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On 30th October 1466 Marie Valois Duchess Cleves (age 73) died.
On 30th October 1495 Francis Bourbon Count Vendôme and Soissons (age 25) died. His son Charles (age 6) succeeded Count Vendôme.
On 30th October 1605 George Clifford 3rd Earl of Cumberland (age 47) died. His brother Francis (age 46) succeeded 4th Earl of Cumberland. His daughter Anne (age 15) succeeded 14th Baroness de Clifford.
Francis Clifford 4th Earl of Cumberland bequeathed to Anne the sum of £15,000 in lieu of the estates she was legally entitled to. She engaged in a long and complex legal battle to obtain the family estates. In 1643, when Henry Clifford 5th Earl of Cumberland (age 14) died she regained her estates.
On 30th October 1623 Philip Wodehouse 1st Baronet died. His son Thomas (age 38) succeeded 2nd Baronet Woodhouse of Wilberhall. Blanche Carey Lady Woodhouse by marriage Lady Woodhouse of Wilberhall.
On 30th October 1624 Mary Walsingham Baroness Pelham Laughton (age 60) died at Laughton, East Sussex.
On 30th October 1631 William Yelverton 1st Baronet (age 73) died. His son William (age 41) succeeded 2nd Baronet Yelverton of Rougham in Norfolk.
On 30th October 1660 James Hay 2nd Earl Carlisle (age 48) died. Earl Carlisle, Viscount Doncaster extinct.
On 30th October 1670 Henry Yelverton Baron Grey of Ruthyn (age 37) died. He was buried at the Church of St Peter and St Paul, Easton Maudit [Map]. His son Charles (age 13) succeeded 3rd Baronet Yelverton of Easton Maudit in Northamptonshire.
On 30th October 1710 Drury Wray 9th Baronet (age 77) died. His son Christopher (age 38) succeeded 10th Baronet Wray of Glentworth in Lincolnshire.
On 30th October 1711 Catherine Russell Duchess Rutland (age 35) died.
The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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On 30th October 1715 Thomas Lennard 1st Earl of Sussex (age 61) died. Earl of Sussex extinct. Baron Dacre Gilsland abeyant.
On 30th October 1726 Thomas Frankland 2nd Baronet (age 61) died. His son Thomas (age 41) succeeded 3rd Baronet Frankland of Thirkleby in Yorkshire. Dinah Topham Lady Thirkleby by marriage Lady Frankland of Thirkleby in Yorkshire.
On 30th October 1735 Edmund Sheffield 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Normanby (age 19) died of consumption at Rome, Italy [Map] unmarried and without issue. Duke of Buckingham and Normanby, Earl Mulgrave and Baron Sheffield of Butterwick in Lincolnshire extinct.
On 30th October 1744 Mary Herbert Viscountess Montague (age 83) died.
On 30th October 1761 Thomas Saunders Sebright 5th Baronet (age 37) died. His brother John (age 36) succeeded 6th Baronet Sebright of Besford in Worcestershire.
On 30th October 1796 Archibald Montgomerie 11th Earl Eglinton (age 70) died at Eglinton Castle, Kilwinning. His third cousin Hugh (age 56) succeeded 12th Earl Eglinton.
On 30th October 1803 Grace Chapple Baroness Grantley died.
On 30th October 1809 William Cavendish-Bentinck 3rd Duke Portland (age 71) died. His son William (age 41) succeeded 4th Duke Portland, 5th Earl of Portland.
Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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On 30th October 1845 Henry James Montagu Scott 2nd Baron Montagu (age 68) died. Baron Montagu of Boughton in Northamptonshire extinct.
On 30th October 1849 William Charles Keppel 4th Earl Albermarle (age 77) died. His son Augustus (age 55) succeeded 5th Earl Albermarle, 5th Viscount Bury in Lancashire, 5th Baron Ashford of Ashford in Kent. Frances Steer Countess Albemarle by marriage Countess Albermarle.
On 30th October 1855 Thomas Cholmondeley 1st Baron Delamere (age 88) died. His son Hugh (age 44) succeeded 2nd Baron Delamere of Vale Royal in Cheshire. Augusta Emily Seymour-Conway Baroness Delamere (age 19) by marriage Baroness Delamere of Vale Royal in Cheshire.
On 30th October 1857 Clement Wolseley 5th Baronet (age 63) died. His son John (age 23) succeeded 6th Baronet Wolseley of Mount Wolseley in County Carlow.
On 30th October 1864 Frederick Hervey 2nd Marquess of Bristol (age 64) died at Ickworth House Ickworth, Bury St Edmunds. His son Frederick (age 30) succeeded 3rd Marquess of Bristol, 3rd Earl Jermyn of Horningworth in Suffolk, 7th Earl Bristol, 8th Baron Hervey of Ickworth in Suffolk. Geraldine Anson Marchioness of Bristol (age 30) by marriage Marchioness of Bristol.
On 30th October 1874 Denis Le Marchant 1st Baronet (age 79) died. His son Henry (age 35) succeeded 2nd Baronet Le Marchant of Chobham Place in Surrey.
On 30th October 1881 William Brodie (age 66) died at his home 9 Cambridge Street, Edinburgh [Map]. He was buried at Dean Cemetery, Edinburgh.
On 30th October 1899 Francis George Stapleton 8th Baronet (age 68) died. His nephew Miles (age 6) succeeded 9th Baronet Stapleton of Leeward Islands.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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On 30th October 1920 James Roche 3rd Baron Fermoy (age 69) died. His son Maurice (age 35) succeeded 4th Baron Fermoy.
On 30th October 1932 Paul Methuen 3rd Baron Methuen (age 87) died. His son Paul (age 46) succeeded 4th Baron Methuen of Corsham in Wiltshire.
On 30th October 1956 Robert Jocelyn 8th Earl Roden (age 73) died. His son Robert (age 46) succeeded 9th Earl Roden