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The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough, a canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: "In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed." Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.
30 Oct is in October.
Flowers of History by Roger of Wendover 1233. About this same time Hubert de Burgh the ex-justiciary, was taken away from the church at Devizes by some armed men, and, after being properly clad in knightly apparel, was carried into Wales, where he joined the enemies of the king about the first hour of the day on the 30th of October.
On 30th October 1272 Hugh IV Duke Burgundy died. Robert II Duke Burgundy succeeded II Duke Burgundy.
Condes de Barcelona by Masearo Volume 2. From his second marriage to Doña Leonor of Portugal. Without children.
Hardly had the King been widowed by Doña Maria when he immediately arranged his second marriage with Doña Leonor, a princess of noble qualities, daughter of King Alfonso IV and Queen Beatriz, monarchs of Portugal. Despite the significant obstacles raised by the King of Castile, an avowed enemy of the King of Aragon, in an attempt to thwart this union, the marriage nevertheless took place in the city of Barcelona, where the new queen arrived by sea on November 15 of the same year that her predecessor, Doña Maria, had died. However, the King suffered the sorrow of losing this second wife to pestilence at the end of October [30th October 1348] the following year, 1348, without her leaving any offspring. She died in the city of Teruel, where the royal couple happened to be due to the extension of the Cortes and the disputes and unrest with Castile and the supporters of the Union, which eventually led to the bloodiest of wars.
The Queen's body was later taken to Poblet and rests in the same tomb as her husband, according to Finestres.
De Segundas Nupcias Con Doña Leonor De Portugal. Sin Hijos.
Apenas enviudó el Rey de D.ª Maria contrató inmediatamente su segundo enlace con D. Leonor , princesa de altas prendas , hija de D. Alfonso IV y de D.ª Beatriz monarcas de Portugal1 , y a pesar de los grandes obstáculos que opuso el rey de Castilla , enemigo declarado del de Aragon , para frustrar este casamiento , se efectuó no obstante la union conyugal en la ciudad de Barcelona , donde llegó por mar la nueva Reina el dia 15 de noviembre del mismo año de la muerte de su antecesora D.ª Maria ; pero el Rey tuvo el disgusto de perder esta segunda esposa de pestilencia á fines de octubre del siguiente año de 1548 , sin que le dejase fruto alguno de sucesion , en la ciudad de Teruel donde se hallaban casualmente los dos esposos con motivo de la prorrogacion de córtes y de las desavenencias y disturbios con Castilla y los partidarios de la Union , que acabaron en la mas sangrienta guerra.
El cadaver de la Reina fué conducido despues á Poblet , y descansa en el mismo sepulcro que su esposo segun Finestres2.
Note 1. Real Archive , Curia 11. Pet . III.
Note 2. Hist . de Poblet , tom . 1.º , pág . 283 , y alli mismo pueden verse muchas noticias de sepulturas Reales en aquel monasterio .
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On 30th October 1348 Eleanor Burgundy Queen Consort Aragon died of plague. See Masearo, Condes de Barcelona, Volume 2, p. 274.
On 30th October 1454 Charles "Bold" Valois Duke Burgundy and Isabella Bourbon were married. She the daughter of Charles Bourbon I Duke Bourbon and Agnes Valois Duchess Bourbon. He the son of Philip "Good" Valois III Duke Burgundy and Isabella Aviz Duchess Burgundy.
Patent Rolls. 30th October 1459. Farnham Royal, Buckinghamshire. Commission of array to Richard Wydevyle of Ryvers, knight, and the sheriff of Kent in Kent, to resist Richard, duke of York, Edward Earl of March, Richard, Earl of Warwick, and Richard, Earl of Salisbury, and their accomplices, leagued in rebellion against the king and crown and allowed by certain persons having the keeping of the town and castle of Calais to enter the same contrary to the king's mandates, and now preparing to arouse congregations and insur rections in the said county; and appointment of the same to arrest all ships and other vessels late of the said Earl of Warwick and all the tackling thereof and to keep the same for the king's use. By K.
On 30th October 1466 Marie Valois Duchess Cleves died.
On 30th October 1485 King Henry VII of England and Ireland was crowned VII King of England by Cardinal Thomas Bourchier at Westminster Abbey. Earl Richmond merged with the crown. Margaret Beaufort Countess Richmond, his mother, attended.
Robert Dymoke attended as the Kings' Champion.
John de Vere 13th Earl of Oxford carried the King's train.
Chronicle of Edward Hall [1496-1548]. 30th October 1485. After this he [King Henry VII of England and Ireland] with great pompe was cōueighed to Westmynster, and there the thirtye daye of Octobre was with all ceremonyes accustomed, enoynted & crouned kyng by the whole assent as well of the cōmons as of the nobilite, & was named kyng Henry the. vij. of that. name, which was in the yere of our redempcion. M. cece. Ixxxvi. Frederyke the. iij. then beynge Emperour of Almayne, Maximilian his sonne then beynge newely clected kyng of Romanes, Charles the. viij. reignyng over the Frenche nacion, & lames the iij. rulyng the realme of Scotland. Which kyngdome he obteyned & enioyed as a thyng by God elected. & prouided, and by his especiall fauoure & gracious aspecte compassed and acheved. In so muche that m& comonly reporte that. vii. C. xcvii. yeres passed, it was by a heavenly voyce reueled to Cadwalader last kyng of Brytons that his stocke and progeny should reigne in this land and beare domynion agayn: Wherupo most men were persuaded in their awne opinion that by this heauenly voyce he was prouided & ordeyned longe before to enioye and obteine this kyngdom, whiche thing kyng Henry the. vi. did also shewe before asyou have heard declared. Wherefore he beynge by right and iust tytle of temporal inheritaunce, & by prouision of deuyne purueyauce thus crouned and proclaimed kyng: First of all vsyng the antique example of the Athenienses, whiche is to perdon and put out of memory all crymes and offences before tyme agaynst hym or his lawes perpetrated or cōmitted, he called his high court of parliamét at Westmynster the. vii. daye of Nouembre for thestablishyng of all thinges aswell cGeernyng the preseruacion and maintenaֹֹֹūce of his royal person, as the admynistracion of iustice and preferment of the cōmon wealth of this realme and dominion, in the which he caused to be proclaimed that all men were perdoned, acquited & clerely discharged of all offences, peynes of death and execucions, and should be restored to their landes and moueable goodes whiche woulde submit them selfes to his clemency and by othe be obliged truly to serue and obeye bym as their sovereigne lorde, & who woulde be obstinate & refuse to returne to bis parte, should be accepted and taken as a publike enemy to hym and his countrey. By reason of which proclamacion, a great nombre that came out of diverse sanctuaries and privileged places obteyned grace, forgetting clerely the diversite of faccions & voyce of partakyng. After this he began to remembre his es- peciall frendes & fautours, of whome sone he anaunced to honoure & dignite, & some he enriched with possessions & goodes, every ma according to his desert & merite. And to begvnne, laspar his vncle Erle of Penbrooke, he created duke of Bedforde, Thomas lorde Stanley he promoted to be erle of Darby, & lord Chandew of Briteine his especiall frende he made erle of Bathe, Sir Gyles Dawbeney was made lorde Dawbeney, Sir Robert Willoughby was made lord Brooke which be in their degree barons and peeres of the realme. And Edward Stafford eldest son to Henry late duke of Buckingham, he restored to his name dignitie and possessions, which kyng Richard did confiscate and attaynted. Beside this in this parliamēt was this notable acte assented to and concluded as foloweth.
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Grafton's Chronicle [1507-1573]. [30th October 1485]. After thys, he wyth great pompe was conueyed to Westminster, and there the thirtie King Henry the daye of October was wyth all ceremonies accustomed, annoynted and crowned Kyng by seuenth crowned the whole assent as well of the commons as of the Nobilitie, and was named king Henry the seuenth of that name, Frederike the thirde then beyng Emperour of Almayne, Maximilian hys sonne then beyng newely elected king of Romaynes, Charles the eyght reygning ouer the French nation, and Iames the thirde rulyng the realme of Scotlande. Which James the thirde kingdome he obteyned and enioyed as a thing by God elected and prouided, & by hys king of Scottes, especiall fauour and gracious aspect compassed and acheeued. In so much that men commonly reported that. 797. yeres passed, it was by a heauenly voyce reuealed to Cadwalader last king of Brytons that his stock and progeny should reigne in thys land and beare dominyon agayne: Wherevpon most men were perswaded in their awne opinion that by this heauenly voyce he was prouided and ordeyned long before to enioy and obteyne this kingdome, which thing king Henry the sixt did also shew before, as you haue heard declared. Wherefore he beyng by right and iust tytle of temporall inheritaunce, and by the prouision of deuine purueyaunce thus crowned and proclaymed king: First of all vsyng the antique example of the Athenians, which is to pardon and put out of memorie all crymes and offences before tyme agaynst hym or hys lawes perpetrated or committed, he called hys high court of Parliament at Westmynster the seuenth day of Nouember for boldeeranwest the stablyshing of all things as well concerning the preseruation and mayntenaunce of hys general pardo royall person, as the admynistration of iustice and preferment of the common welth of A parliamēt graunted. thys realme and dominion, in the which he caused to be proclaymed that all inen were pardoned acquyted and cleerely discharged of all offences, paynes of deathe and executions, and should be restored to their landes and moueable goodes, which would submit themselues to his clemencie & by othe be bound truely to serue and obey him as their souereigne Lord, & who so would be obstinate and refuse to returne to hys part, should be accepted and taken as a publike enemy to him and his Countrey. By reason of which proclamation, a great number that came out of dyuers Sanctuaries and priuileged places obteyned grace, forgettyng clerely the diuersitie of factions and voyce of partaking. After this he began to remember his especiall friends and fautors, of whom some he aduaunced to honour and dignity, and some he enriched with possessions and goodes, euery man according to his desert and merite. And to begin, Iasper his Vncle Erle of Penbrooke, he created Duke of Bedforde, Thomas Lorde Stanley he promoted to the Erle of Darby, and the Lorde Chandew of Britayne his especiall friend he made Erle of Bathe, Syr Gyles Dawbeny was made Lorde Dawbeny, syr Robert Wylloughby was made Lorde Brooke which be in their degree Barons and Peeres of the realme. And Edwarde Stafford eldest sonne to Henry late Duke of Buckyngham, he restored to his name, dignitie and possessions, which king Richard did confiscate and attainted. Beside thys, in this Parliament was this notable act assented to and concluded as foloweth.
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On 30th October 1492 Anne Valois Marchioness of Montferrat was born to Rene Valois Duke Alençon and Margaret Lorraine Duchess Alençon. She married 1508 William IX Marquis of Montferrat, son of Boniface III Marquis of Montferrat and Maria of Serbia Marchioness of Montferrat, and had issue.
On 30th October 1495 Francis Bourbon Count Vendôme and Soissons died. Charles Bourbon Duke Vendôme succeeded Count Vendôme.
On 30th October 1535 François Valois III Duke Longueville was born to Louis Valois II Duke Longueville and Mary of Guise Queen Consort Scotland.
On 30th October 1600, or early November, Robert Devereux 2nd Earl Essex was refused the renewal of his lucrative monopoly on Sweet Wine by Queen Elizabeth I of England and Ireland effectively bankrupting him.
On 30th October 1623 Christopher Wren was born.
On 30th October 1633 Bishop Nicholas Monck graduated Master of Arts: Oxford University at Wadham College, Oxford University.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 30th October 1660. Within all the morning and dined at home, my mind being so troubled that I could not mind nor do anything till I spoke with the Comptroller to whom the lodgings belong. In the afternoon, to ease my mind, I went to the Cockpit all alone, and there saw a very fine play called "The Tamer Tamed;" very well acted. That being done, I went to Mr. Crew's, where I had left my boy, and so with him and Mr. Moore (who would go a little way with me home, as he will always do) to the Hercules Pillars to drink, where we did read over the King's declaration in matters of religion, which is come out to-day, which is very well penned, I think to the satisfaction of most people. So home, where I am told Mr. Davis's people have broken open the bolt of my chamber door that goes upon the leads, which I went up to see and did find it so, which did still trouble me more and more. And so I sent for Griffith, and got him to search their house to see what the meaning of it might be, but can learn nothing to-night. But I am a little pleased that I have found this out. I hear nothing yet of my Lord, whether he be gone for the Queen from the Downs or no; but I believe he is, and that he is now upon coming back again.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 27th October 1662. He told me what great faction there is at Court; and above all, what is whispered, that young Crofts is lawful son to the King, the King being married to his mother1. How true this is, God knows; but I believe the Duke of York will not be fooled in this of three crowns.
Note 1. There has been much confusion as to the name and parentage of Charles's mistress. Lucy Walter was the daughter of William Walter of Roch Castle, co. Pembroke, and Mr. S. Steinman, in his "Althorp Memoirs" (privately printed, 1869), sets out her pedigree, which is a good one. Roch Castle was taken and burnt by the Parliamentary forces in 1644, and Lucy was in London in 1648, where she made the acquaintance of Colonel Algernon Sidney. She then fell into the possession of his brother, Colonel Robert Sidney2. In September of this same year she was taken up by Charles, Prince of Wales. Charles terminated his connection with her on October 30th, 1651, and she died in 1658, as appears by a document (administration entry in the Register of the Prerogative Court) met with by the late Colonel Chester. William Erskine, who had served Charles as cupbearer in his wanderings, and was appointed Master of the Charterhouse in December, 1677, had the care of Lucy Walter, and buried her in Paris. He declared that the King never had any intention of marrying her, and she did not deserve it. Thomas Ross, the tutor of her son, put the idea of this claim into his head, and asked Dr. Cosin to certify to a marriage. In consequence of this he was removed from his office, and Lord Crofts took his place (Steinman's "Althorp Memoirs"). Lucy Walter took the name of Barlow during her wanderings.
Note 2. Not clear who Colonel Robert Sidney is since Algernon Sidney didn't have a brother called Robert. Algernon's brothers were Philip Sidney 3rd Earl of Leicester and Henry Sidney 1st Earl Romney.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 30th October 1662. After dinner, Sir H. Bennet did call aside the Lord Mayor and me, and did break the business to him, who did not, nor durst appear the least averse to it, but did promise all assistance forthwith to set upon it. So Mr. Lee and I to our office, and there walked till Mr. Wade and one Evett his guide did come, and W. Griffin, and a porter with his picke-axes, &c.; and so they walked along with us to the Tower, and Sir H. Bennet and my Lord Mayor did give us full power to fall to work.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 30th October 1662. But, Lord! to see what a young simple fantastique coxcombe is made Deputy Governor, would make one mad; and how he called out for his night-gown of silk, only to make a show to us; and yet for half an hour I did not think he was the Deputy Governor, and so spoke not to him about the business, but waited for another man; at last I broke our business to him; and he promising his care, we parted. And Mr. Leigh and I by coach to White Hall, where I did give my Lord Sandwich an account of our proceedings, and some encouragement to hope for something hereafter, and so bade him good-night, and so by coach home again, where to my trouble I found that the painter had not been here to-day to do any thing, which vexes me mightily.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 30th October 1662. So our guide demands, a candle, and down into the cellars he goes, inquiring whether they were the same that Baxter1 always had. We went into several little cellars, and then went out a-doors to view, and to the Cole Harbour; but none did answer so well to the marks which was given him to find it by, as one arched vault. Where, after a great deal of council whether to set upon it now, or delay for better and more full advice, we set to it, to digging we went to almost eight o'clock at night, but could find nothing. But, however, our guides did not at all seem discouraged; for that they being confident that the money is there they look for, but having never been in the cellars, they could not be positive to the place, and therefore will inform themselves more fully now they have been there, of the party that do advise them. So locking the door after us, we left work to-night, and up to the Deputy Governor (my Lord Mayor, and Sir H. Bennet, with the rest of the company being gone an hour before); and he do undertake to keep the key of the cellars, that none shall go down without his privity.
Note 1. Intended for John Barkstead, Lieutenant of the Tower under Cromwell. Committed to the Tower (see March 17th, 1661-62).
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 30th October 1662. So I went; and the guard at the Tower Gate, making me leave my sword at the gate, I was forced to stay so long in the ale-house hard by, till my boy run home for my cloak, that my Lord Mayor that now is, Sir John Robinson, Lieutenant of the Tower, with all his company, was gone with their coaches to his house in Minchen Lane. So my cloak being come, I walked thither; and there, by Sir G. Carteret's means, did presently speak with Sir H. Bennet, who did show and give me the King's warrant to me and Mr. Leigh, and another to himself, for the paying of £2,000 to my Lord, and other two to the discoverers. After a little discourse, dinner come in; and I dined with them. There was my Lord Mayor, my Lord Lauderdale, Mr. Secretary Morris, to whom Sir H. Bennet would give the upper hand; Sir Wm. Compton, Sir G. Carteret, and myself, and some other company, and a brave dinner.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 30th October 1662. At noon when we were up comes Mr. Wade with my Lord's letter, and tells me the whole business. So we consulted for me to go first to Sir H. Bennet, who is now with many of the Privy Counsellors at the Tower, examining of their late prisoners, to advise with him when to begin.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 30th October 1662. Could sleep but little to-night for thoughts of my business. So up by candlelight and by water to Whitehall, and so to my Lord Sandwich, who was up in his chamber and all alone, did acquaint me with his business; which was, that our old acquaintance Mr. Wade (in Axe Yard) hath discovered to him £7,000 hid in the Tower, of which he was to have two for discovery; my Lord himself two, and the King the other three, when it was found; and that the King's warrant runs for me on my Lord's part, and one Mr. Lee for Sir Harry Bennet, to demand leave of the Lieutenant of the Tower for to make search. After he had told me the whole business, I took leave and hastened to my office, expecting to be called by a letter from my Lord to set upon the business, and so there I sat with the officers all the morning.
On 30th October 1668 Sophia Charlotte Hanover Queen Consort Prussia was born to Ernest Augustus Hanover Elector Brunswick-Lüneburg and Electress Sophia Palatinate Simmern. She married before 1685 Frederick I King Prussia and had issue.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 30th October 1668. Up betimes; and Mr. Povy comes to even accounts with me, which we did, and then fell to other talk. He tells, in short, how the King is made a child of, by Buckingham and Arlington, to the lessening of the Duke of York, whom they cannot suffer to be great, for fear of my Chancellor's return, which, therefore, they make the King violent against. That he believes it is impossible these two great men can hold together long: or, at least, that the ambition of the former is so great, that he will endeavour to master all, and bring into play as many as he can. That Anglesey will not lose his place easily, but will contend in law with whoever comes to execute it. That the Duke of York, in all things but in his cod-piece, is led by the nose by his wife. That W. Coventry is now, by the Duke of York, made friends with the Duchess; and that he is often there, and waits on her. That he do believe that these present great men will break in time, and that W. Coventry will be a great man again; for he do labour to have nothing to do in matters of the State, and is so usefull to the side that he is on, that he will stand, though at present he is quite out of play. That my Baroness Castlemayne hates the Duke of Buckingham. That the Duke of York hath expressed himself very kind to my Lord Sandwich, which I am mighty glad of. That we are to expect more changes if these men stand. This done, he and I to talk of my coach, and I got him to go see it, where he finds most infinite fault with it, both as to being out of fashion and heavy, with so good reason that I am mightily glad of his having corrected me in it; and so I do resolve to have one of his build, and with his advice, both in coach and horses, he being the fittest man in the world for it, and so he carried me home, and said the same to my wife. So I to the office and he away, and at noon I home to dinner, and all the afternoon late with Gibson at my chamber about my present great business, only a little in the afternoon at the office about Sir D. Gawden's accounts, and so to bed and slept heartily, my wife and I at good peace, but my heart troubled and her mind not at ease, I perceive, she against and I for the girle, to whom I have not said anything these three days, but resolve to be mighty strange in appearance to her. This night W. Batelier come and took his leave of us, he setting out for France to-morrow.
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After 30th October 1670. Church of St Peter and St Paul, Easton Maudit. Monument to Henry Yelverton Baron Grey of Ruthyn and Susan Longueville 13th Baroness Grey of Ruthyn.
Susan Longueville 13th Baroness Grey of Ruthyn: she was born to Charles Longueville 12th Baron Grey of Ruthyn and Frances Neville. On 14th June 1643 Charles Longueville 12th Baron Grey of Ruthyn died. Susan Longueville 13th Baroness Grey of Ruthyn succeeded 13th Baroness Grey of Ruthyn. Before 21st August 1657 Henry Yelverton Baron Grey of Ruthyn and she were married. He by marriage Baron Grey of Ruthyn. On 28th January 1676 she died. She was buried at the Church of St Peter and St Paul, Easton Maudit. Charles Yelverton 14th Baron Grey of Ruthyn succeeded 14th Baron Grey of Ruthyn.
On 30th October 1683 King George II of Great Britain and Ireland was born to King George I and Sophia Dorothea of Celle at Herrenhausen Palace, Hanover, Lower Saxony. He married 22nd August 1705 Caroline Hohenzollern Queen Consort England and had issue.
John Evelyn's Diary. 30th October 1683. I went to Kew to visit Sir Henry Capell, brother to the late Earl of Essex; but he being gone to Cashiobury, after I had seen his garden and the alterations therein, I returned home. He had repaired his house, roofed his hall with a kind of cupola, and in a niche was an artificial fountain; but the room seems to me over-melancholy, yet might be much improved by having the walls well painted á fresco. The two green houses for oranges and myrtles, communicating with the rooms below, are very well contrived. There is a cupola made with pole-work between two elms at the end of a walk, which being covered by plashing the trees to them, is very pretty; for the rest there are too many fir trees in the garden.
On 30th October 1685 John Ayloffe was hanged, drawn and quartered at Temple Bar for his part in the Argyll's Rising.
John Evelyn's Diary. 30th October 1688. I dined with Lord Preston, made Secretary of State, in the place of the Earl of Sunderland.
John Evelyn's Diary. 30th October 1688. Visited Mr. Boyle, when came in the Duke of Hamilton and Earl of Burlington. The Duke told us many particulars of Mary Queen of Scots, and her amours with the Italian favorite, etc.
On 30th October 1696 Charlotte Saxe Coburg Saalfeld was born to John Ernest Saxe Coburg Saalfeld IV Duke Saxe Coburg Saalfeld and Charlotte Johanna Waldeck Wildungen Duchess Saxe Coburg Saalfeld at Saalfield. She died aged less than one years old.
On 30th October 1711 Catherine Russell Duchess Rutland died.
On 30th October 1735 Edmund Sheffield 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Normanby died of consumption at Rome, Italy unmarried and without issue. Duke of Buckingham and Normanby, Earl Mulgrave and Baron Sheffield of Butterwick in Lincolnshire extinct.
On 30th October 1741 Angelica Kauffmann was born in Chur Graubünden.
On 30th October 1809 William Cavendish-Bentinck 3rd Duke Portland died. William Henry Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck 4th Duke Portland succeeded 4th Duke Portland, 5th Earl of Portland.
Memorial at Saint Michael and All Angels Church, Church Broughton to Lucy, daughter of Reverend John Wiliams, who died 22nd April 1839, and her brother William Lewis Williams, who died at Pleasant Valley, Davenport, Iowa, North America, on 6th August 1848, aged 21, and to their mother Jane Cullingworth, who died 30th October 1846, aged 52 years.
On 30th October 1881 William Brodie died at his home 9 Cambridge Street, Edinburgh. He was buried at Dean Cemetery, Edinburgh.
The London Gazette 27243. Lord Chamberlain's Office, St. James's Palace, October 30, 1900.
The Queen has been pleased to appoint George Richard Penn, Earl Howe, to be one of the Lords in Waiting in Ordinary to Her Majesty, in the room of Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, resigned.
The London Gazette 28193. Whitehall, October 30, 1908. The KING, taking into His Royal consideration that upon the decease of Spencer Compton Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire, without male issue, on the twenty-fourth day of March last, the title and dignity of Duke of Devonshire devolved upon Victor Christian William Caven dish, now Duke of Devonshire, as the eldest son and heir of Edward Cavendish, commonly called Lord Edward Cavendish, whereby according to the ordinary rules of honour the brothers of the said Victor Christian William Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire, cannot enjoy the title, rank, place and precedence which would have been due to them had their father survived the said Spencer Cornpton Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire, and succeeded to the title and dignity of Duku of Devonshire, His Majesty hus been graciously pleased to ordain and declare that Richard Frederick Cavendish, of Holker Hall, Cark in Cartmel, in the county of Lancaster, Esquire, and John Spencer Cavendish, Esquire, Companion of the Distinguished Order, Captain, 1st Life Guards, now residing at Carlos-place, Grosvenor square, in the county of London, shall have, hold and enjoy the same title, rank, place, pre-eminence and precedence as if their late father, the said Lord Edward Cavendish had survived the said Spencer Compton Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire, and thereby succeeded to the title and dignity of Duke of Devonshire.
And to command that the said Royal order and declaration be registered in His Majesty's College of Arms
On 30th October 1914 at Zandvoorde during the he First Battle of Ypres.
Charles Pelham [Lord Worsley] was killed in action. His wife, Alexandra Vivian, who did not remarry, subsequently purchased the land in the town of Zandvoorde in which he was buried. Following his re-interrment at the Town Cemetery Military Extension at Ypre in 1921, the land became the site of the Household Cavalry Memorial.
Hugh William Grosvenor was killed in action.
Gerald Ernest Francis Ward was killed in action His body was never recovered and he is commemorated at the Menin Gate.
Charles Petty-Fitzmaurice was killed in action.
The 1st Life Guard's war diary noted the action at Zandvoorde -[7]
Zandvoorde-Oct 30 6am Heavy bombardment of position opened. At 7.30am position was attacked by large force of infantry. This attack proved successful owing to greatly superior numbers. Regiment retired in good order about 10.00am except C Squadron on the left flank from which only about ten men got back. Remainder of Squadron missing. Also one machine gun put out of action.
Worsley was in command of the Machine Gun section of the Royal Horse Guards defending the area around Zandvoorde to the East of Ypres. They had come under overwhelming pressure and most of the unit had been withdrawn and replaced by 1st Life Guards in which Hugh Grosvenor served. However the MG section, being essential to the defence of the line was retained in the front line along with its crew, led by Lord Worsley. The events concerning the death of both men are discussed in "1914 - The Days of Hope" by Lyn McDonald. Worsley was not the image of the spit and polish of the Household Brigade. He was covered in mud and had not shaved for a week having been subject to continual attacks by the German elite troops ranged against them. He wrote home that his last shave "was all the washing I've had time for in the last ten days". The incoming Life Guards had one Machine Gun inoperative so Worsley's gun was retained as it covered a vital section of the line. His team were tired and hungry having missed out on a meal during the relief by the 1st Life Guards, who had already consumed their own rations whilst moving up to the line and could not help their brothers in arms. However a timely parcel arrived from Worsley's mother containing chocolate which was shared equally amongst the MG team. They remained in position for six days and nights in appalling weather and under attack by overwhelming numbers. Their trench was shallow, and dug on the forward slope before Zandvoorde in full view of the Germans. It was clear to Hugh Grosvenor that the position was exposed and that the Germans were massing for another attack. Grosvenor sent the following message to his HQ "There appears to be a considerable force of the enemy to my front and to my right front. They approach to within about seven hundred yards at night. Our shells have not been near them on this flank". What remained unsaid was that the German artillery certainly had the range of the British trenches and had delivered significant quantities of shellfire, clearly with little reply.
The morning of 30th November dawned as the eighth consecutive day that Worsley's MG team had spent in the line. At 06.00hrs the German barrage started and it was intense. For 90 minutes there was little that the British could do but deal with their battered trenches and their wounded. Worsley's team had to cover their vital Machine Gun with their bodies to protect it from mud and dirt - they well knew that when the shelling stopped they would need it in full working order. When the shelling stopped and the Germans advanced it was over in minutes. An official report confirmed that "the (German) attack proved successful owing to greatly superior numbers" and that the Regiment had "retired in good order". Not all had retired in good order. Hugh Grosvenor and Charles Worsley were occupied in dealing with Germans swarming over their trenches and firing on them at close range and soon it came down to hand to hand fighting. The inevitable conclusion soon came. One man retiring looked back and saw Worsley still standing, firing at the enemy about to overwhelm the trench. There was nobody left alive to tell the tale of the final moments. There were no British wounded. There were no prisoners taken. A cavalry squadron, fighting as dismounted infantry, had simply ceased to exist. By 08.30 news that the 7th Cavalry Brigade had been pushed off the Zandvoorde ridge reached 1st Corps HQ. Perhaps the Commander, General Sir Douglas Haig, took a moment to spare a thought for Worsley who was married to Haig's wife's younger sister.
There was a postscript. The German unit that captured Worsley's trench was the 1st Bavarian Jaeger Regiment and one of its officers found the bodies and on searching them for papers found that Worsley was a Lord. He ordered that any personal effects, including a gold ring should be taken from the body and returned to Worsley's family. Unfortunately the German officer was himself killed a few days later and the effects never found their way back to England. All of the British bodies were buried in a mass grave which remains unfound to this day and all are commemorated on the Menin Gate Memorial. All but one; Worsley's body was given a separate burial and via neutral Holland the German authorities passed information of its location. After the war it was located and is now buried in Ypres Town Cemetery Extension, just yards from that of another aristocratic Freemason HRH Prince Maurice of Battenberg. The land where Worsley's body was found was purchased by his wife and now is the site of the Household Division Memorial. Lyn McDonalds book includes photos of Worsley and his wife at the quayside before his embarkation to France and also his temporary grave marker.
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