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William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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30 Sep is in September.
1295 Edward I Creates New Barons 36th Parliament
1532 Anne Boleyn's Investiture as Marchioness of Pembroke
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 654. This year King Anna was slain, and Botolph began to build that minster at Icanhoe1. This year also died Archbishop Honorius, on the thirtieth of September.
Note 1. "Icanhoe" believed to be St Botolph's Church; Boston i.e. Botulphstown.
On 30th September 654 Archbishop Honorius died.
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 1057. The same year died Earl Leofric, on the second before the calends of October [30 September]; who was very wise before God, and also before the world; and who benefited all this nation.80 He lies at Coventry81: and his son Elgar took to his territory.
Note 80. See more concerning him in Florence of Worcester. His lady, Godiva, is better known at Coventry. See her story at large in Bromton and Matthew of Westminster.
Note 81. He died at his villa at Bromleage (Bromley in Staffordshire).—Flor.
On 30th September 1061 Pope Alexander II (age 51) was elected Pope.
Chronicum Anglicanum by Ralph Coggeshall. "Richard, king of England and duke of Normandy, etc., to his beloved and faithful chancellor, greeting. Know that, God willing, on the Sunday before the feast of Saint Michael we entered the land of the king of France, near Dangu, and made a strong assault at Courcelles, and we took the castle with its tower and the lord of the castle, grievously wounded even unto death, and all the others, and everything that was in the castle. On the same day we assaulted the stronghold of Burris, which we captured with everything that was in it, and in the evening we returned with our army to Dangu. On the next day, the king of France, having heard this, came from Mantes with four hundred knights and sergeants and his commons, to relieve the castle of Courcelles, which he thought had not yet been taken. But when we learned of his coming, we went out with a small force, and we placed a large part of our troops along the bank of the Epte, because we believed he would cross against our men beyond the river on the side of Dangu. But he with his force went down toward Gisors. Seeing this, we pursued him, turned to flight, shouting that no one should touch him or his men. And so we pressed them so hard at the gate of Gisors that the bridge broke beneath them, and the king of France, as we heard, drank of the river, and other knights, up to twenty, fell into the water and were drowned. We ourselves, with a single lance, struck down Matthew of Montmorency and Alain of Lusignan and Fulk of Gilerval, and we held them captive; and up to a hundred knights of his force were well taken prisoner, of whose leading names we send you, and of the others we shall send when we have seen them. For Mercadier had up to thirty knights, whom we had not seen when the bearer of these presents departed, and indeed several other knights of ours likewise captured more, whom we have not yet seen. Sergeants and foot soldiers and knights were captured, whose number cannot be counted. Two hundred destriers were taken, of which seven score were armoured in iron. Thus we defeated the king of France at Gisors; but it was not we who did this, but God and our right through us. And in this deed we put at stake our head and our kingdom, and went beyond the counsel of all our men. We signify this to you, because we believe your heart will be enlarged with joy by this, as you rejoice with us in our successes. Given at Dangu, the 30th day of September [1198], witness myself."
"Ricardus, rex Angliæ et dux Normanniæ, etc., dilecto et fideli suo cancellario, salutem. Noveritis quod, Deo volente, proxima Dominica ante festum. Sancti Michaelis intravimus terram regis Franciæ, apud Dangu, et insultum fortem fecimus apud Curcellas, et castrum cum turri et dominum castri cepimus graviter usque ad mortem vulneratum, et omnes alics, et totum quod in castro erat. Eodem die insultavimus domum fortem de Burriz, quam cepimus cum omnibus quæ in ea erant, et sero redivimus cum exercitu nostro apud Dangu. Die autem crastina, rex Franciæ, his auditis, venit de Mantua cum quadringentis militibus et servientibus et communis suis, ad succurrendum castro de Curcellis, quod putavit nondum esse captum. Nos autem, ex quo eum venire cognovimus, exivimus cum pauca gente, et gentem magnam arrestari fecimus super ripam de Etta, quia credebamus eum venturum super gentem nostram ultra ripam de parte de Dangu. Ipse vero cum gente sua descendit versus Gisorz. Nos hoc videntes, secuti sumus eum in fugam conversum et clamantem quod nemo tangeret eum et gentem suam. Itaque eos in tanta districtione posuimus in porta Gisortii, quod pons fractus est sub illis, et rex Franciæ, ut audivimus, bibit de riveria, et alii milites usque ad viginti ceciderunt in aquam et submersi sunt. Nos autem cum una lancea prostravimus Matthæum de Montemorici et Alanum de Thusci et Fulconem de Gilervallis, et captos tenuimus; et bene capti sunt de gente sua usque ad centum milites, quorum majorum nomina vobis mittimus, et aliorum vobis mittemus, cum eos viderimus. Marchadeus enim habuit usque ad triginta milites, quos non videramus in recessu latoris præsentium, et alii quidem milites de nostris ibi plures ceperunt, quos similiter nondum vidimus. Servientes et pedites et milites capti sunt, quorum non est numerus. Dextrarii capti sunt ducenti, quorum septies viginti cooperti fuerunt ferro. Ita devicimus regem Franciæ apud Gisortium; sed nos id non fecimus, immo Deus et jus nostrum per nos; et in hoc facto posuimus [in casu] caput nostrum et regnum, et supra consilium omnium nostrorum. Hoc vobis significamus, quia cor vestrum præ gaudio per hoc credimus dilatari, cum vos nostris. congaudeatis successibus. Teste meipso apud Dangu, XXX die Septembris."
On 30th September 1283 Dafydd ap Gruffudd Aberffraw Prince of Wales (age 45) was sentenced to death. He was the first person known to have been tried and executed for what from that time onwards would be described as high treason against the King.
On 24th June 1295 King Edward I of England (age 56) created new baronies through writs for summons to his 36th Parliament
John Montfort 1st Baron Montfort (age 31) was created 1st Baron Montfort. Alice Plaunche Baroness Montfort by marriage Baroness Montfort.
Walter Fauconberg 1st Baron Fauconberg (age 75) was created 1st Baron Fauconberg.
Thomas Furnival 1st Baron Furnivall (age 35) was created 1st Baron Furnivall. Joan Despencer Baroness Furnivall (age 37) by marriage Baroness Furnivall.
Robert Fitzwalter 1st Baron Fitzwalter (age 48) was created 1st Baron Fitzwalter. Eleanor Ferrers Baroness Fitzwalter by marriage Baroness Fitzwalter.
Ralph Basset 1st Baron Basset Drayton (age 31) was created 1st Baron Basset Drayton. Hawise Grey Baroness Basset Drayton (age 40) by marriage Baroness Basset Drayton.
The following Baronies may have been created at the 36th Parliament or the 37th Parliament summoned on 30th September 1295.
John Wake 1st Baron Wake of Liddell (age 27) was created 1st Baron Wake of Liddell.
Andrew Astley 1st Baron Astley (age 49) was created 1st Baron Astley.
Thomas Berkeley 6th and 1st Baron Berkeley (age 49) was created 1st Baron Berkeley. Joan Ferrers Baroness Berkeley by marriage Baroness Berkeley.
Reginald Grey 1st Baron Grey of Wilton (age 55) was created 1st Baron Grey of Wilton. Maud Fitzhugh Baroness Grey Wilton (age 73) by marriage Baroness Grey of Wilton.
John Hastings 13th Baron Abergavenny 1st Baron Hastings (age 33) was created 1st Baron Hastings by a summons to Parliament. Isabel Valence Baroness Bergavenny Baroness Hastings by marriage Baroness Hastings.
Ralph Neville 1st Baron Neville of Raby (age 32) was created 1st Baron Neville Raby. Euphemia Clavering Baroness Neville Raby (age 28) by marriage Baroness Neville Raby.
John Beke 1st Baron Beke (age 72) was created 1st Baron Beke (although there is some doubt whether he was created Baron).
Fulk Fitzwarin 1st Baron Fitzwarin (age 43) was created 1st Baron Fitzwarin.
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Adam Murimuth Continuation. Afterward, the Earl of Northampton wrote to King Edward of England, reporting that, after taking counsel with those knowledgeable of the region, it was judged best that he and his forces move toward a castle and town commonly called Montrelais [i.e. Vannes]. There, they launched an assault, during which many were wounded, and Lord James Lovel was killed. While awaiting reinforcements from Edward's allies, who arrived after a fortnight, the English learned that Lord Charles of Blois was rushing toward them to lift the siege of the said town and castle. The Earl and his forces remained in position until Monday, the day after [30th September 1342] the feast of St. Michael. On that day Charles of Blois arrived with a large force: 3,000 men-at-arms, 1,500 Genoese mercenaries, and countless foot soldiers. The Earl of Northampton, upon their approach around the ninth hour (mid-morning) marched out at a steady pace, on foot, and chose a favorable battlefield, where, with God's help, he engaged in combat. The English killed or captured 200 armed men or more. The Earl lost no notable figure, except Lord Edward le Despenser (age 32), who was slain there. In the end, the French forces turned to flight, and the field remained in the hands of the Earl of Northampton.
Postea vero dictus comes Northamptoniæ scripsit domino regi Angliæ quod, habito consilio ab his qui habuerunt notitiam patriæ, pro meliori exstitit concordatum quod ipsi se traherent versus castrum et villam que Mons Relix! vulgariter nuncupatur. Et ibidem insultum dederunt; ubi multi lesi fuerunt, et dominus Jacobus Lovel occisus. Et, exspectato adjutorio confœderatorum regis Anglie, qui post quindenam venerunt, et audito rumore quod dominus Karolus de Bloys veniret festinanter ad removendam gite with obsidionem ville et castri prædictorum, et dictus comes et sui exspectarunt ibidem usque ad diem Lunæ in crastino sancti Michaelis. Quo die dictus dominus Karolus venit cum potentia magna' sua trium millium armatorum et mille quingentorum Januencium et popularium sine numero stimato; et appropinquaverunt prope comitem circa horam nonam. Et idem comes cum potentia sua se traxit versus eos, peditando maturo gressu, et elegit sibi locum, in quo, Deo juvante, pugnaret; et interfecit et captivavit ducentos armatos &d minus, ipse vero comes nullam notabilem personam amisit, nisi dominum Edwardum le Dispenser, qui fuit interfectus ibidem. Ita quod, Gallicis conversis in fugam, campus cum comite Northamptoniæ remansit.
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On 30th September 1342 the French army attacked the English besiegers of Morlaix forcing the English to retreat to the nearby woods. William Bohun 1st Earl of Northampton (age 32) commanded, John de Vere 7th Earl of Oxford (age 30) and Hugh Despencer 1st Baron Despencer (age 34) fought.
Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke [-1360]. Thus, in the field near Morlaix, the hostile armies clashed [30th September 1342], where the courage of both nations, namely the Bretons, the French, and the English, was put to the test. The battle was fought fiercely on both sides, so much so that it happened, in that engagement, what we have not heard of occurring at the battles of Halidon Hill, or Crécy, or Poitiers. The commanders of the opposing forces, Charles of Blois, to whom the tyrant of the French had granted the duchy of that land, and William de Bohun, Earl of Northampton, whom the king had appointed commander of the English army to uphold the rights of John of Montfort, the natural duke of that land, fought with such noble valour that, rather than be accused of cowardice or dishonour for retreating from the field, they would have more willingly lost all. And so the fighting continued on both sides with great spirit. Indeed, in the entire French war prior to the capture of the false king of France, John, never had the French been fought so fiercely or for so long in hand-to-hand combat on the field, as any Englishman or Frenchman would affirm unless he were a liar. Three times that day, worn out from fighting, both sides withdrew briefly to catch their breath, leaning on stakes, lances, and swords to rest. But at last, the great-hearted Charles, as his troops began to flee, was compelled to take flight himself leaving the English free to tend to their victory and safety in peace.
Igitur in campo iuxta Morleys exercitus hostiles conflixerunt, ubi animositas utriusque gentis, Britonum videlicet, Gallicorum atque Anglicorum, fuerat experta. Pugnatum est fortiter ex utraque parte, ita quod contigit in illo certamine quod nec in bellis, nec Halydonehiel nec de Cressi nec de Petters, audivimus contigisse. Duces nempe parcium, scilicet Karolus de Bloys, cui illius terre dederat ducatum Francorum tirannus, et Willelmus de Bohun, comes Norhamptonie, quem pro tuendo iure Iohannis de Mountfort, naturalis ducis illius terre, rex exercitui Anglicorum prefecit, animositate quam habuerunt heroes generosi, omnia libencius perdidissent quam turpi vecordia arguendi, campo relicto, terga vertissent. Pugnatur proinde ex utraque parte animose, nec unquam in tota Gallica guerra, que capturam seudo-regis Francorum Iohannis antecessit, Francos tam acriter vel ita diu manualiter in campo pugnasse potuerit asserere Anglicus aut Francus aliquis, nisi mendax. Ter eodem die lassati ex utraque parte se modicum retraxere anelitum respiraturi, palis, lanceis et spatis ad quiescendum appodiati. Set tandem magnanimus ille Karolus, suis fugientibus, compulsus erat fugam inire; unde Anglici saluti pacifice vacabant.
Rymer's Fœdera Volume 3. Concerning the granting of the office of Constable of England.
An. 1. H. 4. Pat. 1. H. 4. p. 1. m. 15.
The King, to all to whom, etc., greeting.
Know that We, with due regard of mind considering the great labors, costs, and services, magnificent, fruitful to Us and to Our whole realm, and most necessary, which our beloved and faithful kinsman Henry de Percy (age 57), Earl of Northumberland, for the extirpation and reformation of diverse defects and errors lately springing up in the said realm to its probable extermination and final destruction, has poured out, expended, and unweariedly displayed in Our presence, since, God leading, We turned aside into the said realm in consideration of the aforesaid—
And We, wishing therefore to reward our said kinsman with some, albeit not equal, prerogative of honor, as his many noble deeds move Us to do,
Of Our special grace have GRANTED to our said kinsman the OFFICE OF CONSTABLE OF ENGLAND, to HAVE AND TO EXERCISE by himself and by sufficient deputies of his own, for whom he will be answerable, for the term of his life, together with the fees and profits and all other things belonging or appertaining to the aforesaid office, as fully and entirely as any other before these times has had or occupied the said office.
In witness whereof, etc.
Witness the King at Westminster, on the thirtieth day of September [1399].
By the King himself.
De Officio Constabularii Angliæ concesso.
Rex Omnibus, ad quos, &c. Salutem.
Sciatis quòd Nos,
Debito mentis intuitu considerantes magnifica, ac Nobis & toti Regno nostro fructuosa & summè necessaria, Labores, Custus, & Obsequia, quae, dilectus & fidelis Consanguineus noster, Henricus de Percy Comes Northumbriae, pro Extirpatione & Reformatione diversorum Defectuum & Errorum in Regno praedicto, ad verisimile Exterminium & finalem Destructionem ejusdem nuperimè pululantium, in nostri praesentiâ, postquam ad Regnum praedictum, Praemissorum intuitu, Deo duce, declinavimus, multipliciter effudit & impendit ac exhibet indefessè,
Et volentes proindè praefatum Consanguineum nostrum aliquali, licet non condignâ, Honoris Praerogativâ, prout multipliciter Gestus sui nobiles nos inducunt, praemiare,
De Gratiâ nostrâ speciali CONCESSIMUS eidem Consanguineo nostro OFFICIUM CONSTABULARII ANGLIAE, HABENDUM & EXCERCENDUM per Se, & sufficientes Deputatos suos, pro quibus respondere voluerit, ad Terminum Vitae suae, unà cum Feodis & Proficuis ac omnibus aliis ad Officium praedictum spectantibus sive pertinentibus, adeò plenè & integrè sicut aliquis alius Officium praedictum, ante haec tempora, habuit sive occupavit.
In cujus &c.
Teste Rege apud Westmonasterium, tricesimo die Septembris.
Per ipsum Regem.
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On 30th September 1399 King Henry IV of England (age 32) became King of England usurping the throne of his cousin Richard II (age 32) and Richard's heir, the seven year old Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March (age 7) who was descended from Edward III's second son Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence. This second usurption was to have far reaching consequences since it subsequently became the descent by which the House of York claimed precedence over the House of Lancaster being one of the causes of the Wars of the Roses.
Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland (age 35) was appointed Earl Marshal.
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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Betrayal and Death of King Richard II. [30th September 1399] After this began the Parliament;1 and, when Henry of Lancaster entered, he found there already seated all the prelates of the kingdom, to wit, eighteen bishops and thirty-two mitred abbots, besides the other Estates, prelates. The Duke came in state thus: two archbishops and his four sons walking before him; and his two brothers, and the three Dukes, of Surrey, Aumarle, and Exeter (King Richard's half-brother), who all wore his livery, walking arm in arm after him. And when the Duke had entered, Sir Thomas Percy,2 bearing a white rod in his hand, sat down right before the Duke, and cried out 'Long live Henry of Lancaster, King of England!' when all the lords, prelates, and commons of England exclaimed 'Yes, yes, Henry of Lancaster shall be our King, and none other!' The Duke then sat himself down on the throne before he was crowned, in the place where the King is accustomed to sit. The first point that the Duke mentioned was, that he had come back to the country for the benefit of the realm and the people, and to take possession of his own inheritance; he then proved that King Richard had forfeited his life and his crown, for which he gave this reason, that he and his council had put to death, without cause or reason, the two greatest warriors of all the country! First, they have put to death,' said he, 'my dear uncle the Duke of Gloucester, son of good King Edward, and my cousin the Earl of Arundel; and then the King, when he went to Ireland, gave the realm to farm to four knights, the heads of three of whom I sent to the people of London, and the fourth is in prison at your disposition; and I maintain, that when a King sets his kingdom in a blaze, or destroys town or village by fire, as King Richard has done,3 that he has forfeited his crown. And know, that, if I had not come over, the kingdom was on the point of being undone. Consider the matter, my lords, and give a just judgment.' The council of the country and the Parliament answered him, 'To-morrow, my lord, we will give you our decision.' And such was the first day's proceedings of the Duke of Lancaster and of his Parliament, neither more nor less.
Note 1. Our chronicler appears imperfectly informed of the proceedings of Parliament, and omits the important fact, that Richard had resigned his crown on Monday, 29th September, it is to be feared, by compulsion. The meeting intended to be described in the text is that of the archbishops, the lords spiritual and temporal, and the people of the kingdom, in Westminster Hall, on Tuesday, the feast of St. Jerome, Sept. 30th, 1399. The Parliament had been summoned, in the name of Richard, to meet at Westminster on Michaelmas-day; but, as Richard had been compelled to resign his crown, those summonses were of no effect. On Tuesday, Sept. 30th, Richard's resignation was read and accepted, the King's seat in Westminster Hall being vacant. Henry then challenged his right to the realm of England, which was allowed by the lords and people present, and shewed them the signet Richard had given; and then, according to the Rolls of Parliament (which, however, it must be remembered, is an ex-parte statement), he was led to the throne by the Archbishops of Canterbury and York, amidst the applause of the people. (Rot. Parl. iii. 423. See also Rep. on the Dignity of a Peer, i. 3-19.) There was a Parliament held on the feast of St. Michael the Archangel at London, where the King was spoken to as to his deposition; and, seeing that many nobles as well as plebeians were disposed to accuse him, he asked permission, as it is said, to attend the Parliament once, and, placing the crown of the realm upon the ground, resigned his right to God.' (See Appendix C) Henry's speeches on the occasion are preserved in the Rolls of Parliament, and are given in Dr. Lingard's History of England. He claimed the kingdom by right of conquest, it being vacant by the resignation of Richard; and represented Edmund Earl of Lancaster, his maternal ancestor, without even the pretence of a proof, as in truth the elder brother of Edward I. The real heir to the throne was young Edmund Mortemer, Earl of March, grandson of the Duke of Clarence, John of Gaunt's elder brother; and Richard had proclaimed him as such before his departure for Ireland. Hæres malus, indeed,' said Edmund in 1397. Creton speaks of him to his private friends; and so is the pirate unto the merchant when he despoileth him of all that he hath.' (Sir J. Hayward, Life of Henry IV.) Seven persons were appointed commissioners to pronounce sentence of deposition on King Richard, and to intimate it Writs were issued in Henry's name for summoning a Parliament on the 6th October; but business was not proceeded with till Tuesday, October 14, the day following Henry's coronation.
Note 2. The subsequent conduct of the Earl of Worcester (Sir Thos. Percy) proves that he never fully approved of Henry's conduct. He was characterised by prudence and discretion, and had been chosen procurator for the clergy cautiously. Richard gave him one hundred marks, 5th July 1397. (Rot. Pat. 20 Ric. II. p. 1.) Henry allowed him to retain an annuity of 201. a-year which King Richard had given him, the 29th Sept., the 21st of his reign. (Rot. Claus. Mar. 28, 1 Hen. IV.)
Note 3. 'I know of no other town burnt but Cirencester, which the lords who rose in Richard's behalf set fire to; but that event happened in Jan, 1400. It is to be feared that the chronicler wrote this speech after his return to Paris in 1400. In other respects, the speech agrees in the main with the Rolls of Parliament.
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Froissart Book 4 Chapter 116. 30th September 1399. On a Wednesday, the last day of September 1399, Henry duke of Lancaster (age 32) held a parliament at Westminster; at which were assembled the greater part of the clergy and nobility of England, and a sufficient number of deputies from the different towns, according to their extent and wealth. In this parliament, the duke of Lancaster challenged the crown of England, and claimed it as his own, for three reasons: first, by conquest; secondly, from being the right heir to it; and, thirdly, from the pure and free resignation of it to him, by king Richard (age 32), in the presence of the prelates, dukes and earls in the hall of the Tower of London. These three claims being made, he required the parliament to declare their opinion and will. Upon this, they unanimously replied, that it was their will he should be king, for they would have no other. He again asked, if they were positive in this declaration; and, when they said they were, he seated himself on the royal throne. This throne was elevated some feet from the floor, with a rich canopy of cloth of gold, so that he could be seen by all present. On the king's taking his seat, the people clapped their hands for joy. and held them up, promising him fealty and homage. The parliament was then dissolved, and the day of coronation appointed for the feast of Saint Edward, which fell on a Monday, the 13th of October.
On 30th September 1404 Anne Valois Duchess of Bedford was born to John "Fearless" Valois Duke Burgundy (age 33) and Margaret Wittelsbach Duchess Burgundy (age 41). She married 13th May 1423 her third cousin John Lancaster 1st Duke Bedford.
Chronicle of Gregory [1400-1467]. 30th September 1434. Ande that year at the Counselle of Basyle deyde the Byschoppe of Rochester1.
On 30th September 1439 Charles "Viana" IV King Navarre (age 18) and Agnes de la Marck Queen Consort Navarre were married at Olite. She the daughter of Adolph La Marck I Duke Cleves (age 66) and Marie Valois Duchess Cleves (age 46). He the son of John II King Aragon (age 41) and Blanche Évreux Queen Consort Aragon (age 51). They were third cousins. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
On 30th September 1472 Thomas Howard 2nd Duke of Norfolk (age 29) and Elizabeth Tilney Countess of Surrey (age 28) were married. He the son of John Howard 1st Duke of Norfolk (age 47) and Katherine Moleyns.
On 30th September 1493 Anthony Boleyn (age 18) died. St Andrew's Church, Blickling [Map].
Anthony Boleyn: In 1475 he was born to William Boleyn and Margaret Butler.
Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic Henry VIII 1532. Grants in Sep 1532.
1. Anne Rocheford (Anne Boleyn (age 31)), one of the daughters of Thomas earl of Wiltshire and Ormond (age 55), keeper of the Privy Seal. Charter, granting her, in tail male, the title of marchioness of Pembroke. Witnesses not given [1 Sept.].— S.B. Pat. 24 Hen. VIII. p. 1, m. 26.
(2.) Two drafts of the preceding in R. O. in Wriothesley's hand, with witnesses as in the next charter.
2. Anne Rocheford, who was created marchioness of Pembroke on the 1st Sept. inst. Charter granting her and her heirs the prerogative and pre-eminence due to her title of marchioness in the realms of England and France. Witnesses: Edward archbp. of York; Stephen bp. of Winchester, the King's secretary; John bp. of London; Thomas duke of Norfolk (age 59), treasurer of England; Charles duke of Suffolk (age 48), steward marshal; Thomas earl of Wiltshire, keeper of the Privy Seal; John earl of Oxford (age 61), the King's chamberlain; George earl of Shrewsbury (age 64), steward of the King's household; Thomas Audeley (age 44), knt., keeper of the Great Seal; William lord Sandys of Vynes (age 62), chamberlain of the King's household; Walter Devereux lord Ferrers; William Fitzwilliam, treasurer of the King's household, and William Powlet, comptroller of the same, knts., and others. Windsor, 1 Sept. 24 Hen. VIII. — S.B. Pat. p. 1, m. 26.
(2.) Draft of the preceding in Wriothesley's hand in R. O.
3. Anne Rocheford, one of the daughters and heirs of Thomas earl of Wiltshire and Ormond, keeper of the Privy Seal, created marchioness of Pembroke by charter 1 Sept. 24 Hen. VIII. Annuity of £1,000. for life out of the issues of the honor, manor, or lordship of Hunnesdon, Herts, and of the manors of Stansted Abbot, Roydon, Bourehouse, Pisso, Filolls, and Coxhall, Herts and Essex; and of all Crown lands in co. Pembroke, and in Gilgarran, Emlyn, Diffrynbryan, Maynardove, Kenendrym, Llanstephan, Penryn, Oyesterlowe, Traynclynton, Westhaverforde, Llewelleston, Roche, Sayntismells, and Camrosse, S. Wales.— S B. (undated.) Pat. 24 Hen. VIII. p. 1, m. 25 (undated).
(2.) Fair copy of the preceding in R. O. Large paper, pp. 2.
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Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic Henry VIII 1535. 30th September 1535. Vienna Archives. 484. Cromwell to Chapuys.
Took much pleasure in Chapuys' former letters, especially in the news of the Emperor's success. These more recent are still more acceptable as giving a succinct account of the whole expedition, so vivid that Cromwell imagined himself present. The King was greatly interested. As to the message Chapuys sent by his servant, in which he suspects delays, begs him to consider, whatever delay there may be, that nothing will be omitted which the honor of the King demands for the more secure and wholesome education of the lady Mary, seeing that no one feels more anxiety about her than her father. Begs Chapuys therefore to defer his proposal to visit her to some more convenient time, especially as he may have been deceived by a false report of inattention paid to her health, of which Cromwell assures him the utmost care is taken. The plague is so severe at London and neighbouring places that a man might seem wanting in attention who should go from thence to her. Will discuss matters with him at more length shortly. Winchester, 30 Sept. 1535.
Latin, pp. 2. From a modern copy docketed (by the archivist?): "A joindre à la lettre du 13 8bre."
On 30th September 1553 Queen Mary I of England and Ireland (age 37) made her formal journey from the Tower of London [Map] to Westminster Abbey [Map]. She was accompanied by Mary Roper (age 30).
Bishop George Day (age 52) preached.
Henry Machyn's Diary. 30th September 1553. The xxx day of September the Qwuyen('s) (age 37) grace cam from the Towre thrugh London, rydyng in a charett gorgusly be-sene unto Westmynster; by the way at Fanche-chyrche a goodly pagant, with iiij grett gyants, and with goodly speches, the geneways mad yt; at Grache-chyrche a-nodur goodly pajant of esterlyngs makyng; and at Ledyne-hall was nodur pagant hangyd with cloth of gold, and the goodlyst playng with all maner of musyssoners, and ther was on blohyng of a trumpet all the day longe; at the conduyt in Cornhyll a-nodur of the sete; and (at) the grett condutt a-nodur goodly on, and the standard pentyd and gyldyd, and the crosse pentyd; and (at) the lytyll conduyt a goodly pagant; in Powlles chyrche-yerde ij pagants; and ij scaffolds on Powlles stepull with stremars; andt Ludgat pentyd; at the conduyd in Flett-stret a goodly pajant and pentyd .... holy] water-stokes and sensers and copes ... Westmynster chyrche, and ther her grace hard masse, and was crounyd a-pon a he stage, and after [she was] a-nontyd Qwene, the forst day of October. [When all] was don, her grace cam to Westmynster hall .... yt was iiij of the cloke or she whent to dener [or pa]st; and ther the duke of Norffoke rod up and done the hall, my lord the yerle of Darbe (age 44) he constabull, the yerle of Arundell (age 41) he boteler, and my lord of Borgane cheyff larderer, master Dymmoke (age 45) the qwyen('s) champyon; and ther was [great me]lode; and the erle of Devonshyre (age 26) bare the sword, and the yerle of Westmorland (age 28) bare the cape of mantenans, and the erle of Shrowsbery (age 53) bare the crowne, and the duke of Norffoke (age 80) [was earl] marshall, and the yerle of Arundell lord stuard, and the erle of Surray (age 17) was doer under the duke ys grandshyr, and the erle of Woseter (age 27) was her grace('s) carver that day at dener, my lord Wyndsore (age 54) was (blank); and at the end of the tabull dynyd my lade Elisabeth (age 20) and my lade Anne of Cleyff (age 38); and so yt was candyll-lyght or her grace or she had dynyd, and so [anon] her grace toke barge.
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Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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Wriothesley's Chronicle [1508-1562]. 30th September 1554. Sunday the xxxth of Septembre 1554 Dr. Steven Gardiner (age 71), Bishop of Winton [Winchester] and Lord Chauncellor of England, preached at Paules Crosse [Map], divers Lordes of the Queens Councell beinge present at his sermon, and goeinge afterward to dynner to the Lord Mayres howsse.
The first Sundaye after Michaellmas daye was kept the dedication of the churche throughe all England, accordinge to the olde costome.
Henry Machyn's Diary. 30th September 1554. The xxx day of September dyd pryche at Powlles crosse [Map] my lord Chansseler the bysshope of Wynchester (age 71), and he mad a goodly sermon; and ther wher as grett a audyensse as ever I saw in my lyff.
On 30th September 1562 Henry Grey 4th Earl Kent (deceased) was buried at St Giles without Cripplegate Church [Map]. His epitaph reads "Sir Henry Grey knight, sonne and heire to George lord Grey of Ruthen and earl of Kent."
Henry Machyn's Diary. 30th September 1562. The xxx day of September was raylles mad at sant Giles's withwtt Crepull-gatte [Map], and hangyd with blake and armes, [for the] gentyll knyght ser Hare Gray (deceased), and was brodur unto the earl of Kent [Note. Hare Gray was Earl but didn't use the title.], with ij haroldes of armes, master Clarenshux (age 52) kynge, and Ruge-crosse pursewantt of armes, and he bare the helme and crest, master Clarenshux the cott of armes, and then the standard and [banners of] armes; and the clarkes syngyng; and then the corse covered [with a bla]ke velvett pall with a whyt crosse of saten and armes a-p[on it,] and many mornars in blake; and ther dyd pryche master (Nowell) (age 45) the [dean of] Powlles; and after he was bered home to the plase to d[inner, where] ther was good chere, dener after dener tyll iiij of the [clock.]
Note. P. 293. Funeral of sir Harry Grey, brother to the earl of Kent. Richard earl of Kent, having much wasted his estate by gaming, died at the sign of the George in Lombardstreet, in 15 Hen. VIII. and was buried at the White Friars in Fleet-street. Whereupon his brother and heir male, sir Henry Grey of Wrest, by reason of his slender estate, declined to take upon him the title of Earl. (Ralph Brooke's Catalogue of Nobilitie.) He died Sept. 24, 1562; and in his epitaph at St. Giles's, Cripplegate, was styled "Sir Henry Grey knight, sonne and heire to George lord Grey of Ruthen and earl of Kent." (Stowe's Survay.) The dignity was resumed by his grandson Reginald, in 1571. "Sir Harry Grey knight dyed at his howsse in London in Sant Gyles parishe the xvjth day of September, in the 4th yere of our soveraigne lady quene Elizabethe, and was buryed in the parishe churche there the xxijth of the same mounthe, and lyeth in the chapel of the south syde the quere. The said sir Henry maryd Anne doghter of John Blenerhasset, in the county of Suffolk." (MS. Harl. 897, f. 20b, where his issue is also stated.)
On 30th September 1599 Frances Devereux Duchess of Somerset was born to Robert Devereux 2nd Earl Essex (age 33) and Frances Walsingham Countess Essex (age 32). She married 3rd March 1617 her fourth cousin William Seymour 2nd Duke of Somerset and had issue.
On 30th September 1640 Charles Guise I Duke Guise (age 69) died. His son Henry (age 26) succeeded II Duke Guise.
On 30th September 1658 Ernest Augustus Hanover Elector Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 28) and Electress Sophia Palatinate Simmern (age 27) were married. She the daughter of Frederick Palatinate Simmern V Elector Palatine Rhine and Princess Elizabeth Stewart Queen Bohemia (age 62). He the son of George Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg and Anne Eleonore Hesse Darmstadt Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 57).
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 30th September 1661. This morning up by moon-shine, at 5 o'clock, to White Hall, to meet Mr. Moore at the Privy Seal, but he not being come as appointed, I went into King Street to the Red Lyon' to drink my morning draft, and there I heard of a fray between the two Embassadors of Spain and France; and that, this day, being the day of the entrance of an Embassador from Sweden, they intended to fight for the precedence! Our King, I heard, ordered that no Englishman should meddle in the business1, but let them do what they would. And to that end all the soldiers in the town were in arms all the day long, and some of the train-bands in the City; and a great bustle through the City all the day. Then I to the Privy Seal, and there Mr. Moore and a gentleman being come with him, we took coach (which was the business I come for) to Chelsy, to my Lord Privy Seal, and there got him to seal the business. Here I saw by day-light two very fine pictures in the gallery, that a little while ago I saw by night; and did also go all over the house, and found it to be the prettiest contrived house that ever I saw in my life. So to coach back again; and at White Hall light, and saw the soldiers and people running up and down the streets. So I went to the Spanish Embassador's and the French, and there saw great preparations on both sides; but the French made the most noise and vaunted most, the other made no stir almost at all; so that I was afraid the other would have had too great a conquest over them. Then to the Wardrobe, and dined there, end then abroad and in Cheapside hear that the Spanish hath got the best of it, and killed three of the French coach-horses and several men, and is gone through the City next to our King's coach; at which, it is strange to see how all the City did rejoice. And indeed we do naturally all love the Spanish, and hate the French. But I, as I am in all things curious, presently got to the water-side, and there took oars to Westminster Palace, thinking to have seen them come in thither with all the coaches, but they being come and returned, I ran after them with my boy after me through all the dirt and the streets full of people; till at last, at the Mewes, I saw the Spanish coach go, with fifty drawn swords at least to guard it, and our soldiers shouting for joy. And so I followed the coach, and then met it at York House [Map], where the embassador lies; and there it went in with great state. So then I went to the French house, where I observe still, that there is no men in the world of a more insolent spirit where they do well, nor before they begin a matter, and more abject if they do miscarry, than these people are; for they all look like dead men, and not a word among them, but shake their heads. The truth is, the Spaniards were not only observed to fight most desperately, but also they did outwitt them; first in lining their own harness with chains of iron that they could not be cut, then in setting their coach in the most advantageous place, and to appoint men to guard every one of their horses, and others for to guard the coach, and others the coachmen. And, above all, in setting upon the French horses and killing them, for by that means the French were not able to stir. There were several men slain of the French, and one or two of the Spaniards, and one Englishman by a bullet. Which is very observable, the French were at least four to one in number, and had near 100 case of pistols among them, and the Spaniards had not one gun among them; which is for their honour for ever, and the others' disgrace. So, having been very much daubed with dirt, I got a coach, and home where I vexed my wife in telling of her this story, and pleading for the Spaniards against the French. So ends this month; myself and family in good condition of health, but my head full of my Lord's and my own and the office business; where we are now very busy about the business of sending forces to Tangier2, and the fleet to my Lord of Sandwich, who is now at Lisbon to bring over the Queen, who do now keep a Court as Queen of England. The business of Argier hath of late troubled me, because my Lord hath not done what he went for, though he did as much as any man in the world could have done. The want of money puts all things, and above all things the Nary, out of order; and yet I do not see that the King takes care to bring in any money, but thinks of new designs to lay out money.
Note 1. The Comte de Brienne insinuates, in his "Memoirs", that Charles purposely abstained from interfering, in the belief that it was for his interest to let France and Spain quarrel, in order to further his own designs in the match with Portugal. Louis certainly held that opinion; and he afterwards instructed D'Estrades to solicit from the English court the punishment of those Londoners who had insulted his ambassador, and to demand the dismissal of De Batteville. Either no Londoner had interfered, or Louis's demand had not in England the same force as in Spain; for no one was punished. The latter part of his request it was clearly not for Charles to entertain, much less enforce. B.
Note 2. This place so often mentioned, was first given up to the English fleet under Lord Sandwich (age 36), by the Portuguese, January 30th, 1662; and Lord Peterborough left governor, with a garrison. The greatest pains were afterwards taken to preserve the fortress, and a fine mole was constructed at a vast expense, to improve the harbour. At length, after immense sums of money had been wasted there, the House of Commons expressed a dislike to the management of the garrison, which they suspected to be a nursery for a popish army, and seemed disinclined to maintain it any longer. The king consequently, in 1683, sent Lord Dartmouth to bring home the troops, and destroy the works; which he performed so effectually, that it would puzzle all our engineers to restore the harbour. It were idle to speculate on the benefits which might have accrued to England, by its preservation and retention; Tangier fell into the hands of the Moors, its importance having ceased, with the demolition of the mole. Many curious views of Tangier were taken by Hollar, during its occupation by the English; and his drawings are preserved in the British Museum. Some have been engraved by himself; but the impressions are of considerable rarity. B.
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William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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Samuel Pepys' Diary. 30th September 1662. My condition at present is this: I have long been building, and my house to my great content is now almost done. But yet not so but that I shall have dirt, which troubles me too, for my wife has been in the country at Brampton these two months, and is now come home a week or two before the house is ready for her. My mind is somewhat troubled about my best chamber, which I question whether I shall be able to keep or no. I am also troubled for the journey which I must needs take suddenly to the Court at Brampton, but most of all for that I am not provided to understand my business, having not minded it a great while, and at the best shall be able but to make a bad matter of it, but God, I hope, will guide all to the best, and I am resolved to-morrow to fall hard to it. I pray God help me therein, for my father and mother and all our well-doings do depend upon my care therein. My Lord Sandwich (age 37) has lately been in the country, and very civil to my wife, and hath himself spent some pains in drawing a plot of some alterations in our house there, which I shall follow as I get money. As for the office, my late industry hath been such, as I am become as high in reputation as any man there, and good hold I have of Mr. Coventry (age 34) and Sir G. Carteret (age 52), which I am resolved, and it is necessary for me, to maintain by all fair means. Things are all quiett, but the King poor, and no hopes almost of his being otherwise, by which things will go to rack, especially in the Navy. The late outing of the Presbyterian clergy by their not renouncing the Covenant as the Act of Parliament commands, is the greatest piece of state now in discourse. But for ought I see they are gone out very peaceably, and the people not so much concerned therein as was expected. My brother Tom (age 28) is gone out of town this day, to make a second journey to his mistress at Banbury, of which I have good expectations, and pray God to bless him therein. My mind, I hope, is settled to follow my business again, for I find that two days' neglect of business do give more discontent in mind than ten times the pleasure thereof can repair again, be it what it will.
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Samuel Pepys' Diary. 30th September 1663. This evening Mr. Coventry (age 35) is come to St. James's, but I did not go see him, and tomorrow the King (age 33), Queen (age 24), Duke (age 29) and his Lady (age 26), and the whole Court comes to towne from their progresse. Myself and family well, only my father sicke in the country. All the common talke for newes is the Turke's advance in Hungary, &c.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 30th September 1663. Rose very well, and my hearing pretty well again, and so to my office, by and by Mr. Holliard (age 54) come, and at my house he searched my ear, and I hope all will be well, though I do not yet hear so well as I used to do with my right ear.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 30th September 1663. So to my office till noon, and then home to dinner, and in the afternoon by water to White Hall, to the Tangier Committee; where my Lord Tiviott about his accounts; which grieves me to see that his accounts being to be examined by us, there are none of the great men at the Board that in compliment will except against any thing in his accounts, and so none of the little persons dare do it: so the King (age 33) is abused.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 30th September 1666. Lord's Day. Up, and to church, where I have not been a good while: and there the church infinitely thronged with strangers since the fire come into our parish; but not one handsome face in all of them, as if, indeed, there was a curse, as Bishop Fuller (age 58) heretofore said, upon our parish. Here I saw Mercer come into the church, which I had a mind to, but she avoided looking up, which vexed me. A pretty good sermon, and then home, and comes Balty (age 26) and dined with us. A good dinner; and then to have my haire cut against winter close to my head, and then to church again. A sorry sermon, and away home. Sir W. Pen (age 45) and I to walk to talk about several businesses, and then home; and my wife and I to read in Fuller's Church History, and so to supper and to bed. This month ends with my mind full of business and concernment how this office will speed with the Parliament, which begins to be mighty severe in the examining our accounts, and the expence of the Navy this war.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 30th September 1667. Thence to White Hall, and there a Committee met, where little was done, and thence to the Duke of York (age 33) to Council, where we the officers of the Navy did attend about the business of discharging the seamen by tickets, where several of the Lords spoke and of our number none but myself, which I did in such manner as pleased the King (age 37) and Council. Speaking concerning the difficulty of pleasing of seamen and giving them assurance to their satisfaction that they should be paid their arrears of wages, my Lord Ashly (age 46) did move that an assignment for money on the Act might be put into the hands of the East India Company, or City of London, which he thought the seamen would believe. But this my Lord Anglesey (age 53) did very handsomely oppose, and I think did carry it that it will not be: and it is indeed a mean thing that the King should so far own his own want of credit as to borrow theirs in this manner. My Lord Anglesey told him that this was the way indeed to teach the Parliament to trust the King no more for the time to come, but to have a kingdom's Treasurer distinct from the King's.
On 30th September 1671 Magdalene Sibylle Saxe Coburg Altenburg was born to Frederick Saxe Coburg Altenburg I Duke Saxe Gotha Altenburg (age 25) and Duchess Magdalena Sibylle of Saxe Gotha Altenburg (age 23) at Gotha. She died aged one in 1673.
On 30th September 1678 Mary Rich (age 40) died in childbirth.
John Evelyn's Diary. 30th September 1685. Lord Clarendon's Commission for Lieutenant of Ireland was seal'd this day.
John Evelyn's Diary. 30th September 1688. The Court in so extraordinary a consternation, on assurance of the Prince of Orange's (age 37) intention to land, that the writs sent forth for a Parliament were recalled.
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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On 30th September 1710 John Russell 4th Duke Bedford was born to Wriothesley Russell 2nd Duke Bedford (age 29) and Elizabeth Howland Duchess Bedford (age 28) at Streatham, Surrey. He married (1) 11th October 1731 his third cousin Diana Spencer Duchess Bedford, daughter of Charles Spencer 3rd Earl of Sunderland and Anne Churchill Countess Sunderland, and had issue (2) April 1737 Gertrude Leveson-Gower Duchess Bedford, daughter of John Leveson-Gower 1st Earl Gower and Evelyn Pierrepont Baroness Gower, and had issue.
On 30th September 1722 Mary Dode (age 62) died. She was buried at St Etheldreda's Church, Hatfield [Map].
Mary Dode: Around 1660 she was born to Robert Dode of Clorley, Shropshire. In 1698 Admiral David Mitchell and she were married.
On 30th September 1755 John Murray 4th Duke Atholl was born to John Murray 3rd Duke Atholl (age 26) and Charlotte Murray Duchess Atholl (age 23). Coefficient of inbreeding 6.29%. He married his second cousin once removed Jane Cathcart.
On 30th September 1785 James Fitz James 3rd Duke Berwick 10th Duke Veragua (age 66) died at Valencia. His son Carlos (age 33) succeeded 10th Duke Veragua, 4th Duke of Liria, 4th Duke of Jérica, 4th Duke Berwick. Caroline Stolberg Gedern Duchess Veragua Duchess Berwick (age 30).
On 30th September 1788 Fitzroy James Henry Somerset 1st Baron Raglan was born to Henry Somerset 5th Duke Beaufort (age 43) and Elizabeth Boscawen Duchess Beaufort (age 41). He married 6th August 1814 his fifth cousin Emily Harriet Wellesley-Pole Baroness Raglan, daughter of William Wellesley aka Wellesley-Pole 3rd Earl Mornington and Katherine Forbes Countess Mornington, and had issue.
On 30th September 1795 Georgiana Lennox Baroness Ros of Helmsley was born to Charles Lennox 4th Duke Richmond (age 31) and Charlotte Gordon Duchess Richmond (age 27). She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She married 7th June 1824 her second cousin William Fitzgerald De Ros 22nd Baron Ros Helmsley, son of Henry Fitzgerald and Charlotte Boyle 20th Baroness Ros of Helmsley, and had issue.
On 30th September 1800 William John Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck 5th Duke Portland was baptised at St George's Church, Hanover Square.
On 30th September 1812 Karl Glücksburg Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg was born to Friedrich Wilhelm Glücksburg Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg (age 27) and Louise Caroline Hesse-Kassel Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg (age 23). He a great x 2 grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. He married Vilhelmine Marie Unknown Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg.
The London Gazette 17066. Whitehall, September 30, 1815.
His Royal, Highness the Prince Regent has been pleased, in the name and on the behalf of His Majesty, to grant the Dignities of Earl and Marquess of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to the Right Honourable George James Earl of Cholmondeley (age 66), and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the names, stiles, and titles of Earl of Rocksavage, in the county palatine of Chester, and Marquess Cholmondeley. [Note. Georgina Charlotte Bertie Marchioness Cholmondeley (age 54) by marriage Marchioness Cholmondeley.]
His Royal Highness the Prince Regent has also been pleased, in the name and on the behalf of His Majesty, to grant the dignities of Viscount and Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to the Right Honourable James Walter (age 40), Viscount Grimston, of that part of the United Kingdom called Ireland, and Baron Verulam of Gorhambury, in the county of Hertford, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the names, stiles, and titles of Viscount Grimston and Earl Verulam.
His Royal Highness has also been pleased, in the name and on the behalf of His Majesty, to grant the dignities of Baron and Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to the Right Honourable Charles Viscount Whitworth (age 63), Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath, His Majesty's Lieutenant-General and General Governor of Ireland, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the names, stiles, and titles of Baron Adbaston, in the county of Stafford, and Earl Whitworth.
His Royal Highness has also been pleased, in the name and on the behalf of His Majesty, to grant the dignities of Viscount and Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to the Right Honourable John Lord Brownlow (age 36), and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the names, stiles, and titles of Viscount Alford, of Alford in the county of Lincoln, and Earl Brownlow.
His Royal Highness has also been pleased, in the name and on the behalf of His Majesty, to grant the dignity of Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to the Right Honourable John Craggs Lord Eliot (age 54), and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Earl of Saint Germains, in the county of Cornwall.
His Royal Highness the Prince Regent has also been pleased, in the name and on the behalf of His Majesty, to grant the dignities of Viscount and Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to the Right Honourable John Lord Boringdon (age 43), and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stiles, and titles of Viscount Boringdon, of North Malton, in the County of Devon, and Earl Morley, of Morley in the said county.
His Royal Highness bas also been pleased, in the name and on behalf of His Majesty, to grant the dignities of Viscount and Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to the Right Honourable Orlando Baron Bradford (age 53), and the heirs mile of his body lawfully begotten, by the names, stiles, and titles of Viscount Newport, in the county of Salop, and Earl of Bradford, in the said, county. [Note. Lucy Elizabeth Byng Countess Bradford (age 48) by marriage Countess Bradford.]
His Royal Highness has also been pleased, in the name and on the behalf of His Majesty, to grant the dignities of Viscount and Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to the Right Honourable William Baron Beauchamp (age 68), of Powyke, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the names, stiles, and titles of Viscount Elmley, in the county of Worcester, and Earl of Beauchamp. [Catherine Denn Countess Beauchamp by marriage Countess Beauchamp.]
His Royal Highness has also been pleased, in the name and on behalf of His Majesty to grant the dignity of a Viscount of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to the Right Honourable Alan Hyde Lord Gardner (age 45), Vice-Admiral of the White Squadron of his Majesty's fleet, by the name, stile, and title of Viscount Gardner. [Note. He died before the patent had passed the Great Seal so the patent was null and void.]
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The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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On 30th September 1839 John Thirtle (age 62) died.
On 30th September 1875 Olivia Madox Rossetti was born to William Michael Rossetti (age 46) and Emma Lucy Madox Brown (age 32).
On 30th September 1879 Richard Wellesley was born to Arthur Charles Wellesley 4th Duke Wellington (age 30) and Kathleen Emily Bulkeley Williams Duchess Wellington (age 31). He married 30th April 1901 Louise FitzGerald.
On 30th September 1915 Thomas Agar-Robartes (age 35) was killed by a sniper during the Battle of Loos after rescuing a wounded comrade under heavy fire for which he was recommended for the Victoria Cross. He was buried at Lapugnoy Military Cemetery, near Béthune. He is commemorated by a memorial in Truro Cathedral and in stained glass at Selsey Abbey [Map], St Andrew's Church, Wimpole [Map] and Church Norton.
On 30th September 1915 Lionel Petre 16th Baron Petre (age 24) died of wounds received in action at the Battle of Loos. His son Joseph (age 1) succeeded 17th Baron Petre.
On 30th September 1980 Friedrich Ernst Peter Glücksburg Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg (age 58) died.
On 30th September 1404 Anne Valois Duchess of Bedford was born to John "Fearless" Valois Duke Burgundy (age 33) and Margaret Wittelsbach Duchess Burgundy (age 41). She married 13th May 1423 her third cousin John Lancaster 1st Duke Bedford.
On 30th September 1599 Frances Devereux Duchess of Somerset was born to Robert Devereux 2nd Earl Essex (age 33) and Frances Walsingham Countess Essex (age 32). She married 3rd March 1617 her fourth cousin William Seymour 2nd Duke of Somerset and had issue.
On 30th September 1601 Bishop George Griffith was born.
On 30th September 1605 Susan Alington Lady Bacon was born to Giles Alington (age 33) and Dorothy Cecil. She married before May 1650 her fourth cousin twice removed Edmund Bacon 4th Baronet and had issue.
On 30th September 1634 Anne Seton was born to George Seton 3rd Earl Winton (age 49) and Elizabeth Maxwell Countess Winton. She married April 1654 her fourth cousin John Stewart 2nd Earl Traquair, son of John Stewart 1st Earl Traquair and Catherine Carnegie Countess Traquair, and had issue.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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On 30th September 1671 Magdalene Sibylle Saxe Coburg Altenburg was born to Frederick Saxe Coburg Altenburg I Duke Saxe Gotha Altenburg (age 25) and Duchess Magdalena Sibylle of Saxe Gotha Altenburg (age 23) at Gotha. She died aged one in 1673.
On 30th September 1686 Margaret Hay Countess Mar was born to Thomas Hay 7th Earl Kinnoull (age 26). She married 6th April 1703 John Erskine 23rd Earl of Mar, son of Charles Erskine 22nd Earl of Mar, and had issue.
On 30th September 1710 John Russell 4th Duke Bedford was born to Wriothesley Russell 2nd Duke Bedford (age 29) and Elizabeth Howland Duchess Bedford (age 28) at Streatham, Surrey. He married (1) 11th October 1731 his third cousin Diana Spencer Duchess Bedford, daughter of Charles Spencer 3rd Earl of Sunderland and Anne Churchill Countess Sunderland, and had issue (2) April 1737 Gertrude Leveson-Gower Duchess Bedford, daughter of John Leveson-Gower 1st Earl Gower and Evelyn Pierrepont Baroness Gower, and had issue.
On 30th September 1728 Thomas Sandes was born to Samuel Sandys 1st Baron Sandes (age 33) and Letitia Tipping.
On 30th September 1738 John Campbell was born to John Campbell 3rd Earl Breadalbaine and Holland (age 42) and Arbella Pershall Countess Breadalbaine and Holland.
On 30th September 1755 John Murray 4th Duke Atholl was born to John Murray 3rd Duke Atholl (age 26) and Charlotte Murray Duchess Atholl (age 23). Coefficient of inbreeding 6.29%. He married his second cousin once removed Jane Cathcart.
On 30th September 1761 John Eliot 1st Earl St Germans was born to Edward Craggs Eliot 1st Baron Eliot (age 34) and Catherine Elliston Baroness Eliott (age 26) at Port Eliot, Cornwall. He married (1) 9th September 1790 Caroline Yorke Countess St Germans (2) 19th August 1819 Harriet CarewCountess St Germans.
On 30th September 1764 Henry Paulet St John-Mildmay 3rd Baronet was born to Henry St John-Mildmay 2nd Baronet (age 27) and Dorothy Maria Tucker Lady St John Mildmay (age 22). He married 22nd June 1786 Jane Mildmay Lady St-John Mildmay and had issue.
Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 30th September 1788 Fitzroy James Henry Somerset 1st Baron Raglan was born to Henry Somerset 5th Duke Beaufort (age 43) and Elizabeth Boscawen Duchess Beaufort (age 41). He married 6th August 1814 his fifth cousin Emily Harriet Wellesley-Pole Baroness Raglan, daughter of William Wellesley aka Wellesley-Pole 3rd Earl Mornington and Katherine Forbes Countess Mornington, and had issue.
On 30th September 1788 James Harington 9th Baronet was born to John Edward Harington 8th Baronet (age 28) and Marianne Philpot Lady Harington.
On 30th September 1795 Georgiana Lennox Baroness Ros of Helmsley was born to Charles Lennox 4th Duke Richmond (age 31) and Charlotte Gordon Duchess Richmond (age 27). She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She married 7th June 1824 her second cousin William Fitzgerald De Ros 22nd Baron Ros Helmsley, son of Henry Fitzgerald and Charlotte Boyle 20th Baroness Ros of Helmsley, and had issue.
On 30th September 1805 William Amherst 2nd Earl Amherst was born to William Pitt Amherst 1st Earl Amherst (age 32) and Sarah Archer Countess Plymouth and Amherst (age 43). He married 1834 his third cousin once removed Gertrude Percy Countess Amherst, daughter of Bishop Hugh Percy and Mary Manners Sutton, and had issue.
On 30th September 1812 Karl Glücksburg Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg was born to Friedrich Wilhelm Glücksburg Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg (age 27) and Louise Caroline Hesse-Kassel Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg (age 23). He a great x 2 grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. He married Vilhelmine Marie Unknown Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg.
On 30th September 1812 Valentine Knightley 4th Baronet was born to Reverend Henry Knightley (age 26).
On 30th September 1836 George Sholto Douglas-Pennant 2nd Baron Penrhyn was born to Edward Gordon Douglas-Pennant 1st Baron Penrhyn (age 36) and Juliana Isabella Mary Dawkins-Pennant (age 28). He married 1860 Pamela Blanche Rushout, daughter of Charles Cockerell aka Rushout 2nd Baronet and Cecilia Olivia Foley Lady Cockerell, and had issue.
On 30th September 1837 John Constantine Stanley was born to Edward John Stanley 2nd Baron Stanley and 1st Baron Eddisbury (age 34) and Henrietta Maria Dillon Baroness Stanley Alderley and Eddisbury (age 29).
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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On 30th September 1856 William Spencer Bateman-Hanbury 3rd Baron Bateman was born to William Bateman-Hanbury 2nd Baron Bateman (age 30).
On 30th September 1862 Millicent Cox Countess Lindsey was born at Philip Street Sydney. She married 12th February 1890 Montague Peregrine Albemarle Bertie 12th Earl Lindsey, son of Montague Peregrine Bertie 11th Earl Lindsey and Felicia Elizabetha Welby Countess Lindsey.
On 30th September 1868 Henry Lopes 2nd Baron Ludlow was born to Henry Lopes 1st Baron Ludlow (age 39) and Cordelia Lucy Clark. He married (1) 1903 Blanche Holden Baroness Howard, Seaford and Ludlow (2) 1919 Alice Mankiewicz Baroness Ludlow.
On 30th September 1875 Olivia Madox Rossetti was born to William Michael Rossetti (age 46) and Emma Lucy Madox Brown (age 32).
On 30th September 1879 Richard Wellesley was born to Arthur Charles Wellesley 4th Duke Wellington (age 30) and Kathleen Emily Bulkeley Williams Duchess Wellington (age 31). He married 30th April 1901 Louise FitzGerald.
On 30th September 1880 John aka Jack Spencer Coke was born to Thomas Coke 2nd Earl of Leicester (age 57) and Georgina Caroline Cavendish Countess Leicester (age 28).
On 30th September 1902 Ambrose Coghill 7th Baronet was born to Egerton Bushe Coghill 5th Baronet (age 49) and Elizabeth Somerville Lady Coghill (age 35).
On 30th September 1908 George Michael Russell 7th Baronet was born to Arthur Russell 6th Baronet (age 29).
On 30th September 1929 Pamela Vivian Williams 16th Baron Berners was born to Harold Williams Baron Berners and Vera Ruby Tyrwhitt 15th Baroness Berners (age 27).
Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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On 30th September 1946 Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 7th Marquess of Salisbury was born to Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 6th Marquess of Salisbury (age 29).
On 30th September 1439 Charles "Viana" IV King Navarre (age 18) and Agnes de la Marck Queen Consort Navarre were married at Olite. She the daughter of Adolph La Marck I Duke Cleves (age 66) and Marie Valois Duchess Cleves (age 46). He the son of John II King Aragon (age 41) and Blanche Évreux Queen Consort Aragon (age 51). They were third cousins. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
On 30th September 1472 Thomas Howard 2nd Duke of Norfolk (age 29) and Elizabeth Tilney Countess of Surrey (age 28) were married. He the son of John Howard 1st Duke of Norfolk (age 47) and Katherine Moleyns.
On 30th September 1651 Christopher Wandesford 1st Baronet (age 23) and Eleanor Lowther Lady Wandesford (age 21) were married.
On 30th September 1658 Ernest Augustus Hanover Elector Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 28) and Electress Sophia Palatinate Simmern (age 27) were married. She the daughter of Frederick Palatinate Simmern V Elector Palatine Rhine and Princess Elizabeth Stewart Queen Bohemia (age 62). He the son of George Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg and Anne Eleonore Hesse Darmstadt Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 57).
On 30th September 1662 Joseph Alston 2nd Baronet (age 22) and Elizabeth Thompson were married.
On 30th September 1680 Lionel Tollemache 3rd Earl Dysart (age 31) and Grace Wilbraham Countess Dysart (age 19) were married. She by marriage Countess Dysart. He the son of Lionel Tollemache 3rd Baronet and Elizabeth Murray Duchess Lauderdale (age 54).
On 30th September 1724 Simon Harcourt 1st Viscount Harcourt (age 62) and Elizabeth Vernon Viscountess Harcourt (age 28) were married. She by marriage Viscountess Harcourt of Stanton Harcourt in Oxfordshire. The difference in their ages was 34 years.
On 30th September 1755 John Elwill 4th Baronet and Selina Bathhurst Baroness Ranelagh were married.
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 30th September 1762 John Hope 2nd Earl Hopetoun (age 58) and Jane Oliphant Countess Hopetoun were married. She by marriage Countess Hopetoun. He the son of Charles Hope 1st Earl Hopetoun and Henrietta Johnstone.
On 30th September 1785 George Augustus North 3rd Earl Guildford (age 28) and Maria Frances Hobart Countess Guilford (age 23) were married. She the daughter of George Hobart 3rd Earl Buckinghamshire (age 54) and Albinia Bertie Countess Buckinghamshire (age 46). He the son of Frederick North 2nd Earl Guildford (age 53) and Anne Speke Countess Guilford (age 45). They were fifth cousin once removed.
On 30th September 1831 Colonel Allan Napier MacNab 1st Baronet (age 33) and Mary Elizabeth Stuart (age 19) were married at Ontario.
On 30th September 1844 Harry Grey 8th Earl Stamford 4th Earl Warrington (age 32) and Susan Gaydon Countess Stamford and Warrington were married. She by marriage Countess Stamford, Countess Warrington.
On 30th September 654 Archbishop Honorius died.
On 30th September 1336 John of Eltham 1st Earl Cornwall (age 20) died at Perth [Map]. Earl Cornwall extinct. He was buried at the east side of the doorway to the Chapel of St Edmund, Westminster Abbey [Map]. His monument comprises a head of the statue encircled by a coronet of large and small leaves, remarkable for being the earliest specimen of the kind. The details of plate-armour, surcoat, gorget, coroneted helmet, with other accessories, give great antiquarian interest to this work. It was formerly surmounted by a canopy, of which, however, no traces are now visible.
On 30th September 1416 Thomas West 2nd Baron West (age 36) died. His brother Reginald (age 21) succeeded 3rd Baron West.
On 30th September 1434 Bishop John Langdon died at Basel.
On 30th September 1440 Reginald Grey 3rd Baron Grey Ruthyn (age 78) died. His grandson Edmund (age 23) succeeded 4th Baron Grey of Ruthyn.
Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 30th September 1457 Eleanor Fitzhugh Baroness Darcy Knayth and Fitzhugh died.
On 30th September 1487 John Sutton 1st Baron Dudley (age 86) died at Stafford, Staffordshire [Map]. He was buried at Dudley Priory [Map]. His grandson Edward (age 28) succeeded 2nd Baron Dudley.
On 30th September 1628 Fulk Greville 13th Baron Latimer 5th Baron Willoughby 1st Baron Brooke (age 73) was killed at his house in London by servant Ralph Haywood who believed that he had been cheated in his master's will; Haywood then turned the knife on himself. He was buried at St Mary's Church, Warwick [Map]. His sister Margaret (age 67) de jure 14th Baroness Latimer of Corby, 6th Baroness Willoughby Broke. Richard Verney 14th Baron Latimer 6th Baron Willoughby (age 65) by marriage Baron Latimer of Corby, Baron Willoughby Broke. His first cousin once removed Robert (age 21) succeeded 2nd Baron Brooke of Beauchamps Court in Warwickshire.
On 30th September 1640 Charles Guise I Duke Guise (age 69) died. His son Henry (age 26) succeeded II Duke Guise.
On 30th September 1664 Margaret Howard Countess Leven (age 29) died.
On 30th September 1669 Bishop Henry King (age 77) died.
On 30th September 1685 Elizabeth Knightley Lady Sebright (age 35) died.
On 30th September 1711 John Johnstone 1st Baronet died without male issue. His brother William (age 48) succeeded 2nd Baronet Johnstone of Westerhall in Dumfries.
On 30th September 1726 Heneage Finch 5th Earl Winchilsea (age 69) died. His half brother John (age 43) succeeded 6th Earl Winchilsea, 6th Viscount Maidstone, 7th Baronet Finch of Eastwell in Kent.
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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On 21st September 1744 William Neville 1st Baron Abergavenny (age 49) died at Bath, Somerset [Map]. On 30th September 1744 he was buried at East Grinstead. His son George (age 17) succeeded 2nd Baron Abergavenny.
On 30th September 1760 Maria Gunning Countess Coventry (age 28) died from lead and mercury poisoning, killed by the toxins used in her beauty products.
On 30th September 1763 William Duff 1st Earl Fife (age 66) died. His son James (age 34) succeeded 2nd Earl Fife.
On 30th September 1767 Martha Kenward Lady Page died. She was buried on 7th October 1767 at St Alfege's Church, Greenwich.
On 30th September 1770 Thomas Robinson 1st Baron Grantham (age 75) died. His son Thomas (age 31) succeeded 2nd Baron Grantham.
On 30th September 1772 Frances Hamilton Countess Scarborough died.
On 30th September 1780 Elizabeth Fortescue 5th Marchioness Lothian (age 35) died in Marylebone probably as a result of childbirth.
On 30th September 1785 James Fitz James 3rd Duke Berwick 10th Duke Veragua (age 66) died at Valencia. His son Carlos (age 33) succeeded 10th Duke Veragua, 4th Duke of Liria, 4th Duke of Jérica, 4th Duke Berwick. Caroline Stolberg Gedern Duchess Veragua Duchess Berwick (age 30).
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 30th September 1797 Edward Crofton 2nd Baronet (age 48) died. His son Edward (age 18) succeeded 3rd Baronet Crofton of The Mote in Roscommon. Charlotte Stewart Lady Crofton (age 20) by marriage Lady Crofton of The Mote in Roscommon.
On 30th September 1808 John Chichester 6th Baronet (age 56) died unmarried. His first cousin once removed Arthur (age 18) succeeded 7th Baronet Chichester of Raleigh in Devon.
On 30th September 1832 Edward Southwell 21st Baron Clifford (age 65) died. Baron de Clifford abeyant. The co-heirs were the childre of his three deceased sisters.
On 30th September 1839 John Thirtle (age 62) died.
On 30th September 1850 William Pilkington 8th Baronet (age 74) died. He was buried at St Helen's Church, Sandal. His son Thomas (age 21) succeeded 9th Baronet Pilkington of Stanley in Yorkshire.
On 30th September 1865 Georgina Lygon Baroness Raglan (age 33) died.
On 30th September 1872 Mary Lucy Clifford Baroness Stourton (age 73) died.
On 30th September 1885 Katherine Ashburnham Lady Bannerman (age 43) died.
On 30th September 1889 Charlotte Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck Viscountess Ossington (age 83) died.
Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 30th September 1899 Philip Reginald Cocks 5th Baron Somers (age 84) died. His great nephew Arthur (age 12) succeeded 6th Baron Somers.
On 30th September 1906 Gertrude Frances Chetwynd-Talbot Countess Pembroke and Montgomery (age 66) died.
On 30th September 1915 Lionel Petre 16th Baron Petre (age 24) died of wounds received in action at the Battle of Loos. His son Joseph (age 1) succeeded 17th Baron Petre.
On 30th September 1920 Richard Marcus Brooke 8th Baronet (age 69) died. His son Richard (age 32) succeeded 9th Baronet Brooke of Norton Priory in Cheshire.
On 30th September 1920 John Everett Millais 3rd Baronet (age 31) died. His uncle Geoffrey (age 57) succeeded 4th Baronet Millais of Palace Gate in Kensington in Middlesex.
On 30th September 1930 Frederick Smith 1st Earl of Birkenhead (age 58) died. His son Frederick (age 22) succeeded 2nd Earl Birkenhead, 2nd Viscount Furneaux of Charlton in Northamptonshire, 2nd Viscount Birkenhead of Birkenhead in Cheshire, 2nd Baron Birkenhead of Birkenhead in Cheshire, 2nd Baronet Smith of Hillbrook.
On 30th September 1947 Thomas Nelson 4th Earl Nelson (age 89) died. His brother Edward (age 87) succeeded 5th Earl Nelson of Trafalgar and Merson in Surrey, 5th Viscount Merton, 6th Baron Nelson of the Nile and Hillborough in Norfolk.
On 30th September 1952 Waldorf Astor 2nd Viscount Astor (age 73) died. His son William (age 45) succeeded 3rd Viscount Astor, 3rd Baron Astor. Sarah Norton Viscountess Astor (age 32) by marriage Viscountess Astor.
On 30th September 1980 Friedrich Ernst Peter Glücksburg Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg (age 58) died.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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On 30th September 1982 Edmund Castell Bacon 14th and 13th Baronet (age 79) died. His son Nicholas (age 29) succeeded 15th Baronet Bacon of Mildenhall in Suffolk and 14th Baronet Bacon of Redgrave in Suffolk.
On 30th September 2002 Arthur Grey Hazlerigg 2nd Baron Hazlerigg (age 92) died. His son Arthur (age 51) succeeded 3rd Baron Hazlerigg of Noseley Leicestershire, 15th Baronet Haselrigge of Noseley Hall in Leicestershire.