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On this Day in History ... 31st October
31 Oct is in October.
1396 Marriage of Richard II and Isabella of Valois
1454 Battle of Stamford Bridge
1528 Sweating Sickness Outbreak
1532 Henry VIII and Francis I meet at Calais
31 Oct is known as Halloween, a contraction of All Hallow's Eve. It corresponds the pre-Christian festival of Samhain
Events on the 31st October
On 31 Oct 1214 Eleanor Plantagenet Queen Consort Castile (age 53) died at Burgos [Map]. She was buried at Abbey of Santa Maria la Real de Huelgas [Map].
On 31 Oct 1266 the Dictum of Kenilworth was issued. The Dictum was a peace agreement between King Henry III of England (age 59) and the rebels who were besieged in the impregnable Kenilworth Castle [Map]. The committee included:
Bishop Walter Branscombe (age 46).
Archbishop Walter Giffard (age 41).
Gilbert de Clare 8th Earl Gloucester 7th Earl Hertford.
Humphrey Bohun 2nd Earl Hereford 1st Earl Essex (age 62).
Philip Basset (age 82).
John Balliol (age 58).
Robert Walerand.
Alan Zouche (age 63).
Roger Somery 2nd Baron Dudley (age 76), and.
Warin Bassingbourne.
Robert Ferrers 6th Earl of Derby (age 27) and Henry Hastings (age 31) were fined seven times their annual income. The Dictum, however, required the rebels to pay their fines before being restored to their lands; something of a Catch-22 since if they weren't restored to their lands, they would have no income to pay the fine.
On 31 Oct 1345 Ferdinand I King Portugal was born to Peter I King Portugal (age 25) and Constanza Manuel Queen Consort Castile (age 29). Coefficient of inbreeding 3.84%.
On 31 Oct 1391 Edward "The Philosopher" I King Portugal was born to King John I of Portugal (age 39) and Philippa of Lancaster Queen Consort Portugal (age 31). He a great grandson of King Edward III of England.
Froissart Book 4 Chapter 73. [Before 31 Oct 1396]. The earl marshal, the earl of Rutland (age 23), and the English ambassadors remained for twenty-two days in Paris, where they were excellently well entertained by the king and his court: their negotiations were successful, and the marriage between the king of England (age 29) and the princess Isabella (age 6) was agreed on. She was betrothed and espoused by the earl marshal, as proxy for the king of England, and the lady, ever after, was styled queen of England. I was at the time told it was pleasant to see that, young as she was, she knew well how to act the queen. When this business was completed, and the different treaties signed and sealed, the ambassadors took their leave of the king and his court, and departed from Paris to Calais, on their return to England, where they were joyfully received by the king, the duke of Lancaster (age 56), and the lords attached to the king's person and pleasures.
Chronicle of Adam of Usk. [31 Oct 1396]. And so, a matter for wonder, he [King Richard II] took to wife [Isabella Valois Queen Consort England (age 6)] a child not yet seven years old, rejecting the daughter and heiress of the king of Aragon, though very fair and of marriageable years1, But why he chose this young child,—and though a child she was married to him at Calais with much outlay of money and show—they say was that, eager to pour forth his pent-up venom, he thought by help and favour of the king of France to destroy his enemies. Yet this in the end turned to the ruin of himself and his confederates, as will afterwards appear2.
Note 1. The actual age of Isabella of France was eight years. The marriage took place at Calais, on the 1st November, 1396. The daughter of the king of Aragon, referred to above, appears to have been Yolande, daughter of John I. She married, in 1400, Louis II (age 19), titular king of Naples and count of Provence, and thus became grandmother to Margaret of Anjou, the wife of Henry VI.
Note 2. The surrender by Richard, in 1393 and 1397, of Cherbourg and Brest, which were held in pawn of the king of Navarre and duke of Brittany, was most distasteful to the English. Men recalled the conquests of Edward III. and their speedy loss, and had come to look upon even the givitig up of towns held in pledge as a national wrong. This, added to the French marriage, gave rise to various rumours of Richard’s designs in favour of the French: among others, that Calais, too, was to be handed over to them. See the story of Richard’s quarrel, on this score, with the duke of Gloucester, as told in the Chronique de la Tratson et Mort de Richart II., ed. B. Williams (English Hist. Soc.), 1846.
Thomas Walsingham Chronicon Angliæ 1396. [31 Oct 1396]. When these events had taken place, the Kings went to dine in the tent of the King of England. The King of France was seated on the right side of the hall, where he was served in regal fashion according to the custom of his country: all the dishes of the first course were brought together on a grand serving tray, and the same was done for the second course. The King of England, on the other hand, was served in the custom of his own country. After the meal, the Kings embraced and mounted their horses. The King of England accompanied the King of France on his way, and finally, holding hands, they parted from each other on horseback. The King of France rode to Ardres, while the King of England returned to Calais, where he married the daughter of the King of France, a young girl of seven or eight years old.
Quibus ita gestis, Reges accesserunt ad prandium in tentorio Regis Anglorum. Rex Francie consedit in dextera parte aula; cui servitum fuit regaliter more sue patrie, id est, de omnibus cibariis primi cursus simul in magna parapside, et de secundo cursu eodem modo. Regi vero Angliz servitum fuit patriee sue more. Post prandium Reges osculati sunt pariter, et ascenderunt equos; duxitque Rex Angliz Regem Francie in viam suam, et tandem, vinetis manibus, super equos discesserunt ab invicem. Rex Francie equitavit ad Arde, Rex autem Anglie ad Calesiam se convertit, ubi filiam Regis Francie duxit uxorem, pusiolam septennem vel octennem.
On 31 Oct 1396 King Richard II of England (age 29) and Isabella Valois Queen Consort England (age 6) were married. The marriage being one of the terms of a twenty-eight year peace treaty with France. He twenty-nine, she six. The marriage sowed the seeds subsequent rebellion since there was no prospect of an heir to secure the Crown. The difference in their ages was 22 years. She the daughter of Charles "Beloved Mad" VI King France (age 27) and Isabeau Wittelsbach Queen Consort France (age 26). He the son of Edward "Black Prince" and Joan "Fair Maid of Kent" Princess Wales. They were half third cousins. He a grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Henry III of England.
William Ros 6th Baron Ros Helmsley (age 26) attended.
On 31 Oct 1454 or 01 Nov 1454 John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu (age 23) and Thomas Neville (age 24) captured Thomas Percy 1st Baron Egremont (age 31) and Richard Percy (age 28) in a skirmish known as the Battle of Stamford Bridge. [Note. The second battle at Stamford Bridge [Map] with the first being in 1066]. The brothers were taken to Middleham Castle [Map]. Thomas Percy 1st Baron Egremont was subsequently fined £11,200 in damages which, with an income of £100, he was unlikely to ever pay. He was, therefore, taken to Newgate Prison, London [Map] in which he stayed until he escaped in 1456.
On 25 Oct 1460 Parliament enacted the Act of Accord 39 Hen VI by which Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York (age 49) was declared heir to King Henry VI of England and II of France (age 38) disinheriting Edward of Westminster (age 7). At the same Parliament on 31 Oct 1460 Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York was created Prince of Wales, 1st Duke of Cornwall. He was also appointed Lord Protector.
On 31 Oct 1479 Anna Boleyn (age 3) died. Brass in St Andrew's Church, Blickling [Map]. Her incription reads "Hic iacet Anna Boleyn, filia Willi; Boleyn, Armigeri, Etatis trium Annorum undecem Mensum et tredecem Dierum, que obiit ultimo Die Mensis Octobr' Anno Domini Mcccclrrir cuius anime propicietur Deus Amen." i.e. "Here lies Anne Boleyn, daughter of Will; Boleyn, Squire, of the Age of Three Years, Eleven Months and Thirteen Days, who died on the last Day of the Month of October, in the Year of the Lord Mccclxxix, whose soul may God have mercy on him, Amen." The amorial shows her father's (age 28) and mother's (age 25) quartered.
Anna Boleyn: In 1476 she was born to William Boleyn and Margaret Butler.
Letters and Papers 1528. 31 Oct 1528. R. O. 4891. Henry Duke Of Richmond (age 9) To Henry VIII.
Has passed this last summer without any peril of the rageous sweat that hath reigned in these parts. Thanks the King for the preservatives he sent. There are now with him my lord of Westmoreland (age 30) and his wife (age 29), and their son lord Nevell. Sheriff Hutton [Map].
Hol., p. 1. Add.
Letters and Papers 1528. 31 Oct 1528. Love Letters XVII. 4894. Henry VIII (age 37) to Anne Boleyn (age 27).
"To inform you what joy it is to me to understand of your conformableness to reason, and of the suppressing of your inutile vain thoughts and fantasies with the bridle of reason, I ensure you all the good in this world could not counterpoise for my satisfaction the knowledge and certainty hereof. Wherefore, good sweetheart, continue in the same, not only in this but in all your doings hereafter; for thereby shall come, both to you and me, the greatest quietness that may be in this world. The cause why this bearer tarryeth so long is the business that I have had to dress up yer (geer?) for you, which I trust or long to see you occupy, and then I trust to occupy yours, which shall be recompense enough to me for all my pains and labors. The unfeigned sickness of this well-willing legate doth somewhat retard his access to your presence; but I trust verily, when God shall send him health, he will with diligence recompense his demowre, for I know well whereby he hath said (lamenting the saying and bruit that he should be Imperial) that it should be well known in this matter that he is not Imperial. And thus for lack of time," &c.
Archives of Venice 1532. Oct. 31 [1532]. Sanuto Diaries v. lvii. p. 266. 822. Zuam Antonio Venier to the Signory.
All the ambassadors being here [at Abbeville] on the 18th, I wrote from Montreuil, that on the 17th the Papal Nuncio and the Imperial Ambassador caused us to remain here at Abbeville an insult to the powers we represent, we being put to cost and in confinement whilst the former ambassadors are sent for to Montreuil and Boulogne, and while others are allowed to attend the congress, which shows they are treating against our princes.1
On the 11th instant the English King crossed the Channel, and landed at Calais with from 1,500 to 2,000 horse. He brought with him the Marchioness Boleyn (age 31), his favourite, with some twenty maids of honour (damigelle). The most Christian King remained hunting in the neighbourhood of Boulogne until the 19th, when he entered the town. On the 20th he went to Marquise, and on the afternoon of the 21st proceeded towards Calais, and midway met the English King, and both their Majesties, with mutual goodwill and respect, embraced, calling each other "brother;" and coming to Boulogne, the most Christian King placed the King of England on his right hand; and passing through Marquise they refreshed themselves, the reception being as pompous and costly as possible, there being great plenty of everything requisite.
Proceeding on their way, they met the Dauphin and the Dukes of Orleans and Angouleme, and the most Christian King said to the English King, "Sire, those are the Dauphin and my other sons, who wish, and are bound, to pay their respects to your Majesty;" and he then drew a little aside, not choosing to take part in the reception. Whereupon the English King not only embraced but kissed them all three on the mouth; and the Dauphin and Orleans thanked him for what he had done, and for having released their father from captivity, declaring that their lives and their entire substance would at all times be at the disposal of his Majesty and his kingdom. Angouleme, who had not the same subject of discourse, addressed him in another form, but so sweetly and sagely, according to report, that he spoke like an angel; so that the English King again embraced him alone, kissing him several times; after which the most Christian King resumed his place beside King Henry, thanking him for his gracious reception of his sons. They were then met in succession by five cardinals, namely, the Legate [Chancellor Duprat (age 69)], Bourbon, Lorraine, Tournon, and Grammont, and by a great number of archbishops, bishops, and prelates, and by many princes and barons, all of whom were embraced by the English King, which being a tedious and fatiguing ceremony, was considered a mark of great gracious-ness on the part of his Majesty; there being, in addition to these, the 200 gentlemen of his most Christian Majesty's household, in rich and noble array, and the 400 archers, and the 100 Switzers, all in very costly liveries of silk and gold, so that the abundance of silk, gold, pearls, and jewels on the part of France was considered inestimable, most especially on account of the embroideries and brocades (brocature) now in fashion there; but on the side of England there were many cloths of silk, and gold chains without number, but not such boundless expense.
On entering Boulogne, although the English King remonstrated against it, his most Christian Majesty accompanied him to his chamber; and on the following day sent him, as a present, a coat (iuppone) a doublet (soio) and a gown (roba) such as he himself purposed wearing on that day, which apparel was embroidered with pearls and precious stones, so that it is said to be marvellous. And the various games, entertainments, and pageants were most splendid and endless; and the extreme graciousness of both the Kings was remarkable, for the most Christian King always banqueted the Englishmen, King Henry doing the like by the Frenchmen. On the 13th the most Christian King gave the English King a suit of bed furniture, wrought throughout with pearls on crimson velvet, which he purchased lately in Paris of an Italian merchant for 10,000 golden crowns; and the other day he gave him six coursers of his own breed, the handsomest he had in his stable.
It is said that on the evening of the 23rd the two Kings held a long secret conference, there being present on the part of France the Lord Chancellor Legate, the Lord Steward, and the Admiral2, and on the part of England the Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk, and the Bishop of Winchester.
The result of this conference is understood to be that the most Christian King sends the Cardinals Tournon and Grammont to the Pope about the Emperor entering Italy, and will send a personage to said Emperor (a esso Cesare) and he has despatched an ambassador to Scotland to offer his daughter to the King there, according to the request made by the Scottish ambassador, who had returned to his King without any decision. But his most Christian Majesty will give him his daughter on condition that he do forthwith form a league and understanding with his Majesty and the English King, which will be difficult.
It is said that the English King having made the Marchioness cross the Channel with him for the purpose of marrying her, with the intervention of King Francis, (per sposarla con intervento dil Re Xmo.) his most Christian Majesty apparently modified this project at the consultation held between them; and such is the belief of the French and English.
The Reverend (sic) Casal3 arrived lately, having ridden post from Rome, where he was negotiating for the English King. No farther change was caused by his coming.
On the morning of the 25th the most Christian King gave the collar of his order of St. Michael to the Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk, and went to Calais with the English King; and on the road, and on entering that town, the same compliments were paid as on entering Boulogne, every loving and honourable demonstration being made towards the French; nor was there less magnificence; games and pageants being exchanged for wild fowl and venison, and, moreover, for English ladies.4 Then the English King gave his most Christian Majesty a vesture (uno vestido) and six coursers, and six hobbies (chinee); and it is said, though this I do not know for certain, that he remitted and gave to the three French princes the entire debt due from their father, amounting to about 300,000 crowns. He also gave his Order of St. George to the Lord Steward and to the Admiral5; and finally gave, as servant to the most Christian King, his natural son, who is about 13 years old.
On the 29th the English King, accompanied by the most Christian King, went a distance of three leagues beyond Calais; there they took leave of each other with many mutual embraces and caresses.
It is reported that these two nations, which are by nature hostile to each other, exchanged greater marks of honour and goodwill than were expected.
Two days hence the most Christian King will go to Amiens, there to consult about the mission of these two Cardinals. It is said that these two Kings have agreed for the Cardinals to insist on the Pope's not leaguing with the Emperor, and should he make a fresh agreement with him, they will no longer allow the collation of the benefices of France and England to be referred to Rome, but will separate their clergy from the Roman See. (Si dice questi Rè kanno convenuto che li Cardinali insista ch'el Papa non conseguisca il vincolo con Cesare; et facendo nova, intelligentia non voter più che la erpeditione di Franca et Anglia vadino a Roma, ma divider il suo clero dalla Sede Romana). But this interview (vista) and conference have been a superfluous expenditure,—entertainments and pageants, and nothing else.
Abbeville6, 31st October. Registered by Sanuto, 29th November.
[Italian.]
Note 1. "Ritrovandosi tutti li Oratori quì alli 18, scrissi da Montreuil che adi 17 il Nontio Pontificio et Orator Cesareo concluseno questo atto di fame star quì apartati, e via (eon pocha consideration, et per far grande iniuria a li Principi de chi semo Oratori, li quali è sta fati venir a Montarol e Bologna), e spender, confiuandone, e a cadaun altro è sta leeito andar a vedcr i congressi."
Note 2. Philippe Chabot, Seigneur de Brion.
Note 3. Query Sir Gregory Casal. (See State Papers, vol. vii. part 5, p. 380.)
Note 4. "e non furono inferiori di splendidezza, suplendo nelli jochi spetaculi, de animali silvestri e di più dille dame Englese." See also Hall, p. 795. "I assure you he [Francis I] and his trayne, were requited at Caleis for [by?] the plentie of wylde foule, venison," etc., etc.
Note 5. Montmorency and Chabot.
Note 6. In the original "Bovilla," but see letter dated Montreuil, 17th October.
Archives of Venice 1532. Oct. 31 [1532]. Sanuto Diaries, v. lvii. p. 279.. 824. Summary of the Interview between the Kings of England and France.
Madam Anne (age 31) is not one of the handsomest women in the world; she is of middling stature, swarthy complexion, long neck, wide mouth, bosom not much raised, and in fact has nothing but the English King's great appetite, and her eyes, which are black and beautiful, and take great effect on those who served the Queen when she was on the throne—(et li ochj, che sono neri et belli, el che ha grande modo de l'iutertenimento di servitori avesse la Regina quando era in salute).
The most Christian King will go to a distance of two leagues from Calais to meet the King of England, and then return to dine at Marquise, and sleep at Boulogne, where they will remain Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, and then on Friday go to Calais, remaining there Saturday and Sunday.
These two Kings have a bitter feeling against the Pope and the Emperor. The English King purposes destroying the castle of Gravelines, which the Emperor built opposite Calais.
Madam Anne lives like a Queen at Calais, and the King accompanies her to mass and everywhere as if she was such.
The King's son is very handsome and accomplished.
On the 20th October the most Christian King, accompanied by the gentlemen of his household, went to mass at Notre Dame de Boulogne.
200 Imperial horse and 500 infantry have entered Gravelines; so the Emperor has shifted his quarters.
In the afternoon the King, accompanied by the princes, went to sleep at Marquise, between Boulogne and Calais; his three sons, the Legate, the Lord Chancellor, and the other Cardinals and Bishops remaining at Boulogne, he having solely Lorraine and Bayonne with him; and tomorrow the two kings will meet at the "Hospice" of St. Gilbert.
On the 21st October 1532, at the ninth hour, the most Christian King dined; at the 10th he mounted on horseback with all the princes and gentlemen who were at Marquise, and they went towards Calais, without servants: and all the gentlemen, who were in great number, were clad in velvet.
On arriving at St. Gilbert's, two leagues from Calais, the King of England came in sight, very well accompanied by princes and gentlemen. And when the two Kings met they embraced each other twice, and after exchanging a few words, again embraced closely, shedding a few tears of joy, and then reciprocally embraced the princes.
The Dauphin with his two brothers and the Legate, Bourbon, Tournon, and Grammont, were at a distance of half a league from Boulogne with the young Princes Nevers, the sons of Vendome, de Guise, and many other gentlemen, and the King's archer-guard and the Switzers. When the Kings met them, his English Majesty embraced them, and Angoulême's speech to him was graceful.
They then entered the town in a body; and in the evening the two Kings remained together before supper in pleasing discourse, after which all went to supper in their own apartments. And after supper the most Christian King went to visit the English King, and they discussed light topics (e parlono di cose piacevole) and then withdrew to their chambers. The chambers were richly furnished, and the halls also.
This morning, the 22nd, the most Christian King sent to give the English King a gown, a coat, and a doublet (una vesta, uno zamavo, e uno giupono) and the King also clad himself in like manner, and they went to a church. One went to one chapel, the other to another, both of which were very richly furnished; and the mass being ended, they joined company, and a "mottetto" was sung in his (sic) chapel, commencing with the words "Da pacem, Domine, in diebus nostris." All the Cardinals who were at the mass went together, after church, to the apartment (scalla) of the English King, where they remained half an hour in conversation, and then went to the apartment of the most Christian King, and the English King kept the Cardinal of Lorraine to dine with him; and after dinner they had a game at ball, and then gambled. The most Christian King dragged the King of England1 to Council, where he remained about an hour, and then went to see the English King joust. They are intent on making good cheer; the Dauphin and the Lord Steward invite some of these grandees to banquet with them. The negotiations are conducted very secretly. On coming from the game of ball in the middle of the court, compliments were exchanged about accompanying each other. Having entered their chambers, the most Christian King before supper went to visit King Henry, whom he took to sup with him, and a very handsome banquet was served, after which they gambled, and the Cardinal of Lorraine lost 1,500 crowns to the Duke of Suffolk; everyone then withdrew. The Lord Steward placed the first service before the the King, and then retired to his lodging in the Castle, taking with him all the English princes and lords, to whom he gave a very grand banquet in great state.
On the 23rd, the two Kings on quitting their chambers met in the centre of the court, and after talking together awhile, proceeded to the mass, which being ended, they returned to their apartments. The most Christian King took the Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk to dine with him, and the English King did the like by the Cardinal of Bourbon, Lorraine, Vendôme, St. Pol, and Guise. Even the King talked licentiously2; and they gambled for the space of two hours. After dinner the most Christian King sat in Council with the Bishop of Winchester, the Dukes of Suffolk and Norfolk, the Cardinal Legate, the Lord Steward, and the Admiral; the Cardinals Grammont, Tournon, and Bayonne were in the hall but did not enter, and departed3. They remained together for an hour, and then the most Christian King came to the English King to the joust. The aforesaid again sat in Council, remaining thus for about two hours, the only persons present besides themselves being Vilander (sic) and an English secretary. The joust being ended, the two Kings went into his most Christian Majesty's chamber and had a long conversation at a window, and it was known to be of importance.
This evening the Cardinal of Lorraine gave a banquet to the English Princes. The English King gave his most Christian Majesty 13 very handsome horses of his country, and received others from King Francis.
A roll is being made of the persons who are to go to Calais.
The affairs here are conducted very secretly, nor can one hear anything.
It is understood that the Queen of France demands her share in the government of Flanders4.
It is said that the marriage of Madam Anne will be solemnized on Sunday, and that Bayonne will sing the mass.
During the last two days the most Christian King has been in a great passion, owing to letters received from Rome, purporting that he has been the cause of the Turkish invasion, and the Pope allows sermons to be preached in Rome publicly to this effect.
On the 25th the Legate went to the King, as did also the other Cardinals. Afterwards, the two Kings being in riding gear, and with the order [of St. Michael] round their necks, [the most Christian King] gave it with very great ceremony to Suffolk and Norfolk.
After dinner the two Kings mounted on horseback on their way to Calais, accompanied by his most Christian Majesty's three sons; and the Cardinals Tournon and Grammont are being sent to Rome, for the purpose, it is said, of obtaining the tenths and annats of benefices in the same manner as conceded to the Emperor.
The marriage of Madam Anne is announced by balls5, banquets, and masquings, but the people of England will not allow it to take place.
The King's sons remained [at Boulogne ?]; the Lord Steward went to . . .
I write nothing about the doings at Calais, but nothing was thought of but good cheer, balls, and masquings; and very great honour was paid to the most Christian King; and some Frenchmen were made Knights of the Garter.
The son of the English King is very handsome and accomplished; he came to France, and the son of the Duke of Norfolk is also coming.
The King of England has arranged to fortify Guisnes and other places distant 2½ leagues from Calais.
Boulogne ? 31st October. Registered by Sanuto 7th December.
[Italian.]
Note 1. "Il Rè Xmo il tiro in consilio dove stetey" etc.
Note 2. "Fino il Rè intrò in ragionamento di lussã" (sic) (lussuria?).
Note 3. "II Re Xmo poi disnar intrò in consilio con Monsignor di Vicestre, duca di Sopholch e di Norpholch, il Legato Cardinal Gran Metre et Admirante, li Cardinali Agrarnonte et Tornon et Bajona, erano in la salla e non introrono e se partirono."
Note 4. "La Regina di Franz a se intende dimanda il suo partagio delle coae di Fiandra." Eleanor of Austria, Queen of France, sister of Charles V., probably claimed part of the property left by her aunt Margaret, Governess of the Low Countries, who died at Mechlin on the 1st of December 1530; or it may mean "her share in the government of Flanders."
Note 5. S'è messo in balli etc.
Wriothesley's Chronicle 1537. 31 Oct 1537. This yeare, on All Hallowe Even, the Lord Thomas Howarde (age 26), brother to the Duke of Northfolke (age 64), died in prison in the Tower of London, and his bodie was caried to Thetforde, and there buried.
Allso the Ladie Margarett Duglas (age 22), that had lyen in prison in the Tower of London for love betwene him and her, was pardoned by the King and sett agayne at her libertie; howbeit, she tooke his death very heavilie.1
Note 1. In 1644 she married Matthew fourth Earl of Lennox (age 21), and became Conntess of Lennox, and mother of Darnley.
On 31 Oct 1605 Bishop Lancelot Andrewes (age 50) was elected Bishop of Chichester.
Letters of the Court of James I 1618. [31 Oct 1618]. There was great means made for his life; and I hear the queen (age 43) wrote very earnestly to the king, as he tendered her health, to spare him, for that she had received great good by his receipts. I hear not so much of her recovery of late, as when I wrote last, but rather that she goes peggiorando1, insomuch that it is doubted whether the king will come hither to-day from Theobalds, or go direct to Hampton Court, where she lies.
peggiorando i.e. getting worse.
Letters of the Court of James I 1618. 31 Oct 1618. London. John Chamberlain (age 65), Esq., to Sir Dudley Carleton (age 45).
I remember, that in my last letter, I said that Sir Walter Raleigh (age 64) was not secure. But now he is past all peradventure; for, upon Thursday morning [29 Oct 1618], he was be-headed, in the old Palace at Westminster, 'twixt the Parliament House and the church. On Wednesday, he was brought from the Tower to the King's Bench bar, as they say, the manner is when a man lives above a year and a day after he is condemned; and there demanded what he could say for himself, why the sentence pronounced against him at Winchester should not be put in execution. The sum of his answer was, that the king had employed him in his service, and given him a commission, wherein he styled him "his loyal subject;" and withal given him potestatem vitæ et mortis; which did amount to a pardon. For in all reason he must be master of his own life, that hath power over other men's. The judges replied, that there is no pardon for treason by implication. Wherefore, he must find a better plea, or undergo the sentence. Thus he spoke of his trial at Winchester, and avowed that all, or the far greater part of those that were present, did acquit him in their consciences; and that the king's gracious forbearing him so long, and, but for this late accident, longer would have done, even to a hundred years, if nature could have drawn out his life so long, did show that his majesty approved his innocence. But, in conclusion, he was willed to prepare himself, and so was delivered to the sheriffs of London, and conveyed to the Gatehouse, where he spent the rest of that day in writing letters to the king, and others, and in prayer with the Dean of Westminster, who came the next morning at five o'clock, and ministered to him the communion; and, when he had broken his fast, about eight o'clock, came to the scaffold, where he found the Earls of Arundel, Oxford, Northampton, the Lord of Doncaster, and divers others. He made a speech of more than half an hour, wherein he cleared himself of having any intelligence with France, which had been objected to him, more than to save his life, and hide himself from the king's indignation. Then, that he never said any ill intent words towards his majesty, not so much as in thought. That he had no other pretence, nor end in his last voyage, than the enriching of the king, the realm, himself, and his followers. That he never had any undutiful speech concerning his majesty with the runagate French physician, nor ever offered to Sir Lewis Stukely £ 10,000 to go with him into France, nor told him that the Lord Arran had given him advice to be gone; and that he and the Lord of Doncaster would maintain him in France, of which points he had been accused by them. And, though he protested not only to forgive them, but to pray God to forgive them, yet he thought fit to give men warning of such persons. To all this, and much more, he took God, so often, and so solemnly to witness, that he was believed of all that heard him.
On 31 Oct 1627 Isabella Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain was born to Philip IV King Spain (age 22) and Elisabeth Bourbon Queen Consort Spain (age 24). Coefficient of inbreeding 4.39%.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 31 Oct 1660. Office day. Much troubled all this morning in my mind about the business of my walk on the leads. I spoke of it to the Comptroller and the rest of the principal officers, who are all unwilling to meddle in anything that may anger my Lady Davis. And so I am fain to give over for the time that she do continue therein. Dined at home, and after dinner to Westminster Hall [Map], where I met with Billing (age 37) the quaker at Mrs. Michell's shop, who is still of the former opinion he was of against the clergymen of all sorts, and a cunning fellow I find him to be. Home, and there I had news that Sir W. Pen (age 39) is resolved to ride to Sir W. Batten's (age 59) country house to-morrow, and would have me go with him, so I sat up late, getting together my things to ride in, and was fain to cut an old pair of boots to make leathers for those I was to wear. This month I conclude with my mind very heavy for the loss of the leads, as also for the greatness of my late expenses, insomuch that I do not think that I have above £150 clear money in the world, but I have, I believe, got a great deal of good household stuff: I hear to-day that the Queen (age 50) is landed at Dover, and will be here on Friday next, November 2nd. my wife has been so ill of late of her old pain that I have not known her this fortnight almost, which is a pain to me.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 31 Oct 1662. I am now also busy in a discovery for my Lord Sandwich (age 37) and Sir H. Bennett (age 44) by Mr. Wade's means of some of Baxter's [Barkstead] money hid in one of his cellars in the Tower. If we get it it may be I may be 10 or £20 the better for it. I thank God I have no crosses, but only much business to trouble my mind with. In all other things as happy a man as any in the world, for the whole world seems to smile upon me, and if my house were done that I could diligently follow my business, I would not doubt to do God, and the King (age 32), and myself good service.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 31 Oct 1662. And all I do impute almost wholly to my late temperance, since my making of my vowes against wine and plays, which keeps me most happily and contentfully to my business; which God continue! Public matters are full of discontent, what with the sale of Dunkirk, and my Baroness Castlemaine's (age 21), and her faction at Court; though I know not what they would have more than to debauch the King (age 32), whom God preserve from it! And then great plots are talked to be discovered, and all the prisons in town full of ordinary people, taken from their meeting-places last. Sunday. But for certain some plots there hath been, though not brought to a head.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 31 Oct 1663. The Queene (age 53) continues lightheaded, but in hopes to recover. The plague is much in Amsterdam, and we in fears of it here, which God defend1. The Turke goes on mightily in the Emperor's dominions, and the Princes cannot agree among themselves how to go against him. Myself in pretty good health now, after being ill this month for a week together, but cannot yet come to.... well, being so costive, but for this month almost I have not had a good natural stool, but to this hour am forced to take physic every night, which brings me neither but one stool, and that in the morning as soon as I am up, all the rest of the day very costive. My father has been very ill in the country, but I hope better again now. I am lately come to a conclusion with Tom Trice to pay him £100, which is a great deale of money, but I hope it will save a great deale more. But thus everything lessens, which I have and am like to have, and therefore I must look about me to get something more than just my salary, or else I may resolve to live well and die a beggar.
Note 1. Defend is used in the sense of forbid. It is a Gallicism from the French "defendre"..
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 31 Oct 1665. Thus we end the month merrily; and the more for that, after some fears that the plague would have increased again this week, I hear for certain that there is above 400 [less], the whole number being 1,388, and of them of the plague, 1,031. Want of money in the Navy puts everything out of order. Men grow mutinous; and nobody here to mind the business of the Navy but myself. At least Sir W. Batten (age 64) for the few days he has been here do nothing. I in great hopes of my place of Surveyor-Generall of the Victualling, which will bring me £300 per annum.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 31 Oct 1664. Very busy all the morning, at noon Creed to me and dined with me, and then he and I to White Hall, there to a Committee of Tangier, where it is worth remembering when Mr. Coventry (age 36) proposed the retrenching some of the charge of the horse, the first word asked by the Duke of Albemarle (age 55) was, "Let us see who commands them", there being three troops. One of them he calls to mind was by Sir Toby Bridges. "Oh!" says he, "there is a very good man. If you must reform1 two of them, be sure let him command the troop that is left".
Note 1. Reform, i.e. disband. See "Memoirs of Sir John Reresby", September 2nd, 1651. "A great many younger brothers and reformed officers of the King's army depended upon him for their meat and drink". So reformado, a discharged or disbanded officer.-M. B.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 31 Oct 1666. The Prince and Duke of Albemarle (age 57) have got no great credit by this year's service. Our losses both of reputation and ships having been greater than is thought have ever been suffered in all ages put together before; being beat home, and fleeing home the first fight, and then losing so many ships then and since upon the sands, and some falling into the enemy's hands, and not one taken this yeare, but the Ruby, French prize, now at the end of the yeare, by the Frenchmen's mistake in running upon us. Great folly in both Houses of Parliament, several persons falling together by the eares, among others in the House of Lords, the Duke of Buckingham (age 38) and my Lord Ossory (age 32). Such is our case, that every body fears an invasion the next yeare; and for my part, I do methinks foresee great unhappiness coming upon us, and do provide for it by laying by something against a rainy day, dividing what I have, and laying it in several places, but with all faithfulness to the King (age 36) in all respects; my grief only being that the King do not look after his business himself, and thereby will be undone both himself and his nation, it being not yet, I believe, too late if he would apply himself to it, to save all, and conquer the Dutch; but while he and the Duke of York (age 33) mind their pleasure, as they do and nothing else, we must be beaten. So late with my mind in good condition of quiet after the settling all my accounts, and to bed.
John Evelyn's Diary. 31 Oct 1666. I heard the signal cause of my Lord Cleveland (age 75) pleaded before the House of Lords; and was this day forty-six years of age, wonderfully protected by the mercies of God, for which I render him immortal thanks.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 31 Oct 1667. Up, and all the morning at the office, and at noon Mr. Creed and Yeabsly dined with me (my wife gone to dine with Mrs. Pierce and see a play with her), and after dinner in comes Mr. Turner, of Eynsbury, lately come to town, and also after him Captain Hill of the "Coventry", who lost her at Barbadoes, and is come out of France, where he hath been long prisoner. After a great deal of mixed discourse, and then Mr. Turner and I alone a little in my closet, talking about my Lord Sandwich (age 42) (who I hear is now ordered by the King (age 37) to come home again), we all parted, and I by water, calling at Michell's, and saw and once kissed su wife, but I do think that he is jealous of her, and so she dares not stand out of his sight; so could not do more, but away by water to the Temple [Map], and there, after spending a little time in my bookseller's shop, I to Westminster; and there at the lobby do hear by Commissioner Pett (age 57), to my great amazement, that he is in worse condition than before, by the coming in of the Duke of Albemarle's (age 58) and Prince Rupert's (age 47) Narratives' this day; wherein the former do most severely lay matters upon him, so as the House this day have, I think, ordered him to the Tower again, or something like it; so that the poor man is likely to be overthrown, I doubt, right or wrong, so infinite fond they are of any thing the Duke of Albemarle says or writes to them! I did then go down, and there met with Colonel Reames and cozen Roger Pepys (age 50); and there they do tell me how the Duke of Albemarle and the Prince have laid blame on a great many, and particularly on our Office in general; and particularly for want of provision, wherein I shall come to be questioned again in that business myself; which do trouble me. But my cozen Pepys and I had much discourse alone: and he do bewail the constitution of this House, and says there is a direct caball and faction, as much as is possible between those for and those against the Chancellor (age 58), and so in other factions, that there is nothing almost done honestly and with integrity; only some few, he says, there are, that do keep out of all plots and combinations, and when their time comes will speak and see right done, if possible; and that he himself is looked upon to be a man that will be of no faction, and so they do shun to make him; and I am glad of it. He tells me that he thanks God he never knew what it was to be tempted to be a knave in his life; till he did come into the House of Commons, where there is nothing done but by passion, and faction, and private interest. Reames did tell me of a fellow last night (one Kelsy, a commander of a fire-ship, who complained for want of his money paid him) did say that he did see one of the Commissioners of the Navy bring in three waggon-loads of prize-goods into Greenwich, Kent [Map] one night; but that the House did take no notice of it, nor enquire; but this is me, and I must expect to be called to account, and answer what I did as well as I can. So thence away home, and in Holborne, going round, it being dark, I espied Sir D. Gawden's coach, and so went out of mine into his; and there had opportunity to talk of the business of victuals, which the Duke of Albemarle and Prince did complain that they were in want of the last year: but we do conclude we shall be able to show quite the contrary of that; only it troubles me that we must come to contend with these great persons, which will overrun us. So with some disquiet in my mind on this account I home, and there comes Mr. Yeabsly, and he and I to even some accounts, wherein I shall be a gainer about £200, which is a seasonable profit, for I have got nothing a great while; and he being gone, I to bed.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 31 Oct 1668. Up, and at the office all the morning. At noon home to dinner with my people, and afternoon to the office again, and then to my chamber with Gibson to do more about my great answer for the Duke of York (age 35), and so at night after supper to bed well pleased with my advance thereon. This day my Lord Anglesey (age 54) was at the Office, and do seem to make nothing of this business of his suspension, resolving to bring it into the Council, where he seems not to doubt to have right, he standing upon his defence and patent, and hath put in his caveats to the several Offices: so, as soon as the King (age 38) comes back again, which will be on Tuesday next, he will bring it into the Council. So ends this month with some quiet to my mind, though not perfect, after the greatest falling out with my poor wife, and through my folly with the girl, that ever I had, and I have reason to be sorry and ashamed of it, and more to be troubled for the poor girl's sake, whom I fear I shall by this means prove the ruin of, though I shall think myself concerned both to love and be a friend to her. This day Roger Pepys (age 51) and his son Talbot (age 22), newly come to town, come and dined with me, and mighty glad I am to see them.
John Evelyn's Diary. 31 Oct 1675. Dined at my Lord Chamberlain's (age 57), with my son (age 20). There were the learned Isaac Vossius (age 57), and Spanhemius, son of the famous man of Heidelberg; nor was this gentleman less learned, being a general scholar. Among other pieces, he was author of an excellent treatise on Medals.
John Evelyn's Diary. 31 Oct 1685. I din'd at our greate Lord Chancellor Jefferies (age 40), who us'd me with much respect. This was the late Chief Justice who had newly ben the Western Circuit to try the Monmouth conspirators, and had formerly don such severe justice amongst the obnoxious in Westmr Hall [Map], for which his Ma* (age 52) dignified him by creating him first a Baron, and now Lord Chancellor. He had some years past ben conversant at Deptford; is of an assur'd and undaunted spirit, and has serv'd the Court interest on all the hardiest occasions; is of nature cruel and a slave of the Court.
John Evelyn's Diary. 31 Oct 1688. My birthday, being the 68th year of my age. O blessed Lord, grant that as I grow in years, so may I improve in grace! Be thou my protector this following year, and preserve me and mine from those dangers and great confusions that threaten a sad revolution to this sinful nation! Defend thy church, our holy religion, and just laws, disposing his Majesty (age 55) to listen to sober and healing counsels, that if it be thy blessed will, we may still enjoy that happy tranquility which hitherto thou hast continued to us! Amen, Amen!
On 31 Oct 1732 Victor Amadeus King Sardinia (age 66) died. His son Charles Emmanuel III King Sardinia (age 31) succeeded Duke Savoy, III King Sardinia. On 31 Oct 1732 His grandson Victor Amadeus III King Sardinia (age 6) succeeded III King Sardinia.
On 31 Oct 1785 Frederick Hesse-Kassel (age 65) died. His son William Elector of Hesse (age 42) succeeded IX Landgrave Hesse Kassel. Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg (age 38) by marriage Landgravine Hesse Kassel.
On 31 Oct 1826 Eleanor Henrietta Robinson (age 11) died. She has a monument at All Saints' Church, Nocton [Map] sculpted by Richard Westmacott (age 51).
Eleanor Henrietta Robinson: On 22 May 1815 she was born to Frederick John Robinson 1st Earl Ripon and Sarah Albinia Louisa Hobart.
On 31 Oct 1851 Louise of Sweden Queen Consort Denmark was born to Charles XV King Sweden IV King Norway (age 25).
On 31 Oct 1899 Douglas Henry Marsham (age 28) was killed.
On 31 Oct 1914 Francis Lambton (age 43) was killed in action at Zandvorde.
On 31 Oct 1916 Carl Johan Bernadotte was born to Gustaf Adolph VI King Sweden (age 33) and Margaret "Daisy" Windsor (age 34). He a great grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
On 05 Oct 1936 the Jarrow March left Jarrow Town Hall, County Durham cheered on by most of the town and bearing banners announcing themselves as the "Jarrow Crusade". The marchers arrived at Marble Arch [Map], London on the 31 Oct 1936.
Births on the 31st October
On 31 Oct 1345 Ferdinand I King Portugal was born to Peter I King Portugal (age 25) and Constanza Manuel Queen Consort Castile (age 29). Coefficient of inbreeding 3.84%.
On 31 Oct 1391 Edward "The Philosopher" I King Portugal was born to King John I of Portugal (age 39) and Philippa of Lancaster Queen Consort Portugal (age 31). He a great grandson of King Edward III of England.
On 31 Oct 1596 Henry Portman 2nd Baronet was born to John Portman 1st Baronet (age 21).
On 31 Oct 1599 Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles was born to John Holles 1st Earl de Clare (age 35) and Anne Stanhope Countess de Clare (age 23).
On 31 Oct 1620 John Evelyn was born to Richard Evelyn of Wotton (age 33) and Eleanor Stansfield (age 21).
On 31 Oct 1627 Isabella Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain was born to Philip IV King Spain (age 22) and Elisabeth Bourbon Queen Consort Spain (age 24). Coefficient of inbreeding 4.39%.
On 31 Oct 1664 Wilfrid Lawson 2nd Baronet was born to William Lawson and Milcah Strickland.
On 31 Oct 1673 Frances Thynne was born to Thomas Thynne 1st Viscount Weymouth (age 33) and Frances Finch Viscountess Weymouth (age 23).
On 31 Oct 1685 John Murray 2nd Earl Dunmore was born to Charles Murray 1st Earl Dunmore (age 24).
Before 31 Oct 1689 Mildmay Fane was born to Vere Fane 4th Earl of Westmoreland (age 44) and Rachel Bence Countess of Westmoreland. On 31 Oct 1689 Mildmay Fane was baptised.
On 31 Oct 1741 John John Russell 8th Baronet was born to Charles Russell (age 40) and Mary Joanna Cutts Revett (age 34).
On 31 Oct 1765 George Grey 6th Earl Stamford 2nd Earl Warrington was born to George Grey 5th Earl Stamford 1st Earl Warrington (age 28) and Henrietta Bentinck Countess Stamford and Warrington (age 28).
On 31 Oct 1795 John Keats was born.
On 31 Oct 1814 Catherine Herbert Countess Dunmore was born to George Augustus Herbert 11th Earl Pembroke 8th Earl Montgomery (age 55) and Yekaterina Semyonovna Vorontsova Countess Pembroke and Montgomery (age 30).
On 31 Oct 1851 Louise of Sweden Queen Consort Denmark was born to Charles XV King Sweden IV King Norway (age 25).
On 31 Oct 1853 Lewis William Molesworth 11th Baronet was born to Paul William Molesworth 10th Baronet (age 32) and Jane Frances Booker Lady Molesworth.
On 31 Oct 1854 Kathleen Susan Emma Bligh was born to John Stuart Bligh 6th Earl Darnley (age 27) and Harriet Mary Pelham Countess Darnley (age 25).
On 31 Oct 1859 Charles Gunning 7th Baronet was born to George Gunning 5th Baronet (age 31).
On 31 Oct 1864 Archibishop Cosmo Gordon Lang was born.
On 31 Oct 1871 Douglas Henry Marsham was born to Charles Marsham 4th Earl Romney (age 30) and Frances Augusta Constance Muir Rawdon-Hastings Countess Romney (age 27).
On 31 Oct 1877 Lilian Strutt was born to Henry Strutt 2nd Baron Belper (age 37) and Margaret Coke Baroness Belper (age 25).
On 31 Oct 1886 Unamed Hamilton was born to James Hamilton 2nd Duke of Abercorn (age 48) and Mary Anna Curzon Howe Duchess Abercorn (age 38).
On 31 Oct 1890 Gerald Leslie Brockhurst was born to Arthur Brockhurst (age 31) and Amelia Ward (age 29) at 106 Summer Road, Edgbaston. Their fourth son. He was baptised at St Thomas' Church, Birmingham on 08 Feb 1891 where his father's Trade is given as Coal Merchant.
On 31 Oct 1903 Gyles Isham 12th Baronet was born to Vere Isham 11th Baronet (age 41) at Lamport, Northamptonshire.
On 31 Oct 1908 Captain Heneage Michael Charles Finch 9th Earl of Aylesford was born to Heneage Greville Finch (age 25) and Gladys Cecil Georgina Fellowes (age 23).
On 31 Oct 1910 Nathaniel Mayer Victor Rothschild 3rd Baron Rothschild was born to Nathaniel Charles Rothschild (age 33).
On 31 Oct 1916 Carl Johan Bernadotte was born to Gustaf Adolph VI King Sweden (age 33) and Margaret "Daisy" Windsor (age 34). He a great grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
On 31 Oct 1917 Walter Edward Alpin Blount 12th Baronet was born to Edward Robert Blount 11th Baronet (age 32).
On 31 Oct 1919 George Hugh Boscawen 9th Viscount Falmouth was born to Evelyn Hugh Boscawen 8th Viscount Falmouth (age 32) and Mary Margaret Desiree Meynell Viscountess Falmouth (age 25).
On 31 Oct 1921 George Hardinge 3rd Baron Hardinge was born to Alec Hardinge 2nd Baron Hardinge (age 27) and Helen Mary (age 20).
Marriages on the 31st October
On 31 Oct 1396 King Richard II of England (age 29) and Isabella Valois Queen Consort England (age 6) were married. The marriage being one of the terms of a twenty-eight year peace treaty with France. He twenty-nine, she six. The marriage sowed the seeds subsequent rebellion since there was no prospect of an heir to secure the Crown. The difference in their ages was 22 years. She the daughter of Charles "Beloved Mad" VI King France (age 27) and Isabeau Wittelsbach Queen Consort France (age 26). He the son of Edward "Black Prince" and Joan "Fair Maid of Kent" Princess Wales. They were half third cousins. He a grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Henry III of England.
William Ros 6th Baron Ros Helmsley (age 26) attended.
On 31 Oct 1597 John Wallace 13th of Craigie (age 44) and Elizabeth Douglas Countess Morton were married. The date being only some twenty-five days after the death of her previous husband Alexander Stewart 6th of Garlies (deceased)? She the daughter of David Douglas 7th Earl Angus and Margaret Hamilton Countess Angus.
On 31 Oct 1732 Hercules Langford Rowley 1st Earl Langford (age 18) and Elizabeth Rowley 1st Viscountess Langford (age 19) were married. He by marriage Viscount Langford of Longford Lodge.
On 31 Oct 1733 John Leveson-Gower 1st Earl Gower (age 39) and Penelope Stonhouse Baroness Gower (age 28) were married. She by marriage Baroness Gower.
On 31 Oct 1735 Ludovic Grant 7th Baronet (age 28) and Margaret Ogilvy were married. She the daughter of James Ogilvy 5th Earl Findlater 2nd Earl Seafield (age 46) and Elizabeth Hay.
Before 31 Oct 1771 John Rous 5th Baronet (age 44) and Judith Bedingfield (age 42) were married.
On 31 Oct 1772 Lucas Pepys 1st Baronet (age 30) and Jane Elizabeth Leslie 12th Countess of Rothes (age 22) were married. She the daughter of John Leslie 10th Earl Rothes and Hannah Cole Countess Rothes.
On 31 Oct 1787 George Shiffner 1st Baronet (age 24) and Mary Bridger were married. They had four sons and four daughters.
On 31 Oct 1928 Theodor Wilhelm "Tito" Wessel (age 39) and Jessie Smither aka Denise Orme Duchess Leinster (age 43) were married.
On 31 Oct 1931 Edward Vane-Tempest-Stewart 8th Marquess of Londonderry (age 28) and Romaine Combe were married at St Martin in the Fields [Map]. He the son of Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart 7th Marquess of Londonderry (age 53) and Edith Chaplin Marchioness Londonderry (age 52).
On 31 Oct 1948 Michael Henry Croft 2nd Baron Croft (age 32) and Antoinette Fredericka Conyngham Baroness Croft (age 25) were married. She by marriage Baroness Croft of Bournemouth in Hampshire. She the daughter of Frederick William Conyngham 6th Marquess Conyngham (age 58).
On 31 Oct 1952 Sacheverell Reresby Sitwell 7th Baronet (age 25) and Penelope Forbes (age 29) were married.
On 31 Oct 1953 Charles John Wilson 3rd Baron Nunburnholme (age 49) and Alex Hockley Baroness Nunburnholme were married. She by marriage Baroness Nunburnholme.
Deaths on the 31st October
On 31 Oct 1147 Robert Normandy 1st Earl Gloucester (age 48) died. His son William Fitzrobert 2nd Earl Gloucester succeeded 2nd Earl Gloucester.
On 31 Oct 1214 Eleanor Plantagenet Queen Consort Castile (age 53) died at Burgos [Map]. She was buried at Abbey of Santa Maria la Real de Huelgas [Map].
On 31 Oct 1354 William Clinton 1st Earl Huntingdon (age 50) died. Earl Huntingdon extinct.
On 31 Oct 1537 Thomas Howard (age 26) died at the Tower of London [Map]. His body was released to his mother Agnes Tilney Duchess Norfolk (age 60). He was buried at Thetford Priory, Norfolk [Map].
On 31 Oct 1605 Dorothy Braye Baroness Chandos and Knollys (age 81) died.
On 31 Oct 1660 Thomas Wilbraham 2nd Baronet (age 59) died. His son Thomas Wilbraham 3rd Baronet (age 30) succeeded 3rd Baronet Wilbraham of Woodhey in Cheshire. Elizabeth Mytton Lady Wilbrahim (age 29) by marriage Lady Wilbraham of Woodhey in Cheshire.
On 31 Oct 1709 Henry Hyde 2nd Earl Clarendon died. On 31 Oct 1709 His son Edward Hyde 3rd Earl Clarendon (age 47) succeeded 3rd Earl Clarendon, 3rd Baron Hyde of Hindon in Wiltshire 1660. Katherine O'Brien Countess Clarendon by marriage Countess Clarendon.
Before 31 Oct 1715 James Griffin 2nd Baron Griffin (age 47) died. His son Edward Griffin 3rd Baron Griffin (age 22) succeeded 3rd Baron Griffin of Braybrooke.
On 31 Oct 1732 Victor Amadeus King Sardinia (age 66) died. His son Charles Emmanuel III King Sardinia (age 31) succeeded Duke Savoy, III King Sardinia. On 31 Oct 1732 His grandson Victor Amadeus III King Sardinia (age 6) succeeded III King Sardinia.
On 31 Oct 1734 William North 6th Baron North (age 55) died in Madrid [Map]. His first cousin once removed Francis North 1st Earl Guildford (age 30) succeeded 7th Baron North.
On or before 31 Oct 1739 Samuel Marwood 3rd Baronet (age 67) died. His brother William Marwood 4th Baronet (age 58) succeeded 4th Baronet Marwood Little Busby in Yorkshire.
On 31 Oct 1765 William Augustus Hanover 1st Duke Cumberland (age 44) died unmarried. Duke Cumberland extinct. He was buried at King Henry VII Chapel, Westminster Abbey [Map].
On 31 Oct 1766 Nicholas Hume-Loftus 1st Earl of Ely (age 58) died. His son Nicholas Hume-Loftus 2nd Earl of Ely (age 28) succeeded 2nd Earl of Ely in Wicklow, 3rd Viscount Loftus of Ely, 3rd Baron Loftus of Loftus Hall in Wexford.
On 31 Oct 1766 Edward Turner 2nd Baronet (age 47) died. His son Gregory Page-Turner 3rd Baronet (age 18) succeeded 3rd Baronet Turner of Ambrosden in Oxfordshire.
On 31 Oct 1771 John Rous 5th Baronet (age 44) died. His son John Rous 1st Earl Stradbrooke (age 21) succeeded 6th Baronet Stradbrooke of Henham in Suffolk.
On 31 Oct 1774 Edward Noel 1st Viscount Wentworth (age 59) died. His son Thomas Noel 2nd Viscount Wentworth (age 28) succeeded 2nd Viscount Wentworth, 10th Baron Wentworth. His son Thomas Noel 2nd Viscount Wentworth de jure 14th Baron Despencer, 7th Baronet Noel.
On 31 Oct 1778 Thomas Cochrane 8th Earl of Dundonald (age 87) died. His son Archibald Cochrane 9th Earl of Dundonald (age 30) succeeded 9th Earl Dundonald.
On 31 Oct 1783 John Spencer 1st Earl Spencer (age 48) died at Bath, Somerset [Map]. He was buried at St Mary the Virgin Church, Great Brington, Northamptonshire. His son George John Spencer 2nd Earl Spencer (age 25) succeeded 2nd Earl Spencer, 2nd Viscount Althorp, 2nd Viscount Spencer, 2nd Baron Spencer Althorp. Lavinia Bingham Countess Spencer (age 21) by marriage Countess Spencer.
On 31 Oct 1785 Frederick Hesse-Kassel (age 65) died. His son William Elector of Hesse (age 42) succeeded IX Landgrave Hesse Kassel. Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg (age 38) by marriage Landgravine Hesse Kassel.
On 31 Oct 1803 Walter Blount 7th Baronet (age 35) died. His son Edward Blount 8th Baronet (age 8) succeeded 8th Baronet Blount of Sodington.
On 31 Oct 1826 Eleanor Henrietta Robinson (age 11) died. She has a monument at All Saints' Church, Nocton [Map] sculpted by Richard Westmacott (age 51).
Eleanor Henrietta Robinson: On 22 May 1815 she was born to Frederick John Robinson 1st Earl Ripon and Sarah Albinia Louisa Hobart.
On 31 Oct 1830 Henry Darrell Carew 7th Baronet (age 51) died. His son Walter Palk Carew 8th Baronet (age 23) succeeded 8th Baronet Carew of Haccombe in Devon. He was buried at St Blaise's Church, Haccombe where there is a monument with the inscription: "Hic jacet in crypta aborum sepultus Henricus Carew Baronettus qui obiit XXXI die Octobris anno d(omi)ni MDCCCXXX (a)etatis su(a)e LI. Hic etiam cum marito jacet Domina Elizabetha Carew Gualteri Palk de Marley armigeri filia haeresque quae obiit VII die Martis (sic) anno d(omi)ni MDCCCLXII aetatis suae LXXVI" translated as "Here lies buried in the crypt ..... Henry Carew, Baronet, who died on the 31st day of October in the year of our Lord 1830 (in the year) of his age 51. Here also with her husband lies Lady Elizabeth Carew, daughter and heiress of Walter Palk of Marley, Esquire, who died on the 7th day of March in the year of our Lord 1862 (in the year) of her age 76".
On 31 Oct 1853 Valentine Browne 2nd Earl of Kenmare (age 65) died. His brother Thomas Browne 3rd Earl of Kenmare (age 64) succeeded 3rd Earl Kenmare, 3rd Viscount Kenmare.
On 31 Oct 1860 Thomas Cochrane 10th Earl Dundonald (age 84) died.
On 31 Oct 1869 Richard Grosvenor 2nd Marquess Westminster (age 74) died. His son Hugh Lupus Grosvenor 1st Duke Westminster (age 44) succeeded 3rd Marquess Westminster, 4th Earl Grosvenor, 10th Baronet Grosvenor of Eaton in Cheshire. Constance Leveson-Gower Duchess Westminster (age 35) by marriage Marchioness Westminster.
On 31 Oct 1871 Maria Augusta Windham Countess Listowel (age 66) died.
On 31 Oct 1885 James Hamilton 1st Duke of Abercorn (age 74) died. His son James Hamilton 2nd Duke of Abercorn (age 47) succeeded 2nd Duke Abercorn, 2nd Marquess Hamilton.
On 31 Oct 1891 Anne Clegg Viscoutess Hill (age 76) died.
On 31 Oct 1899 Hedworth Jolliffe 2nd Baron Hylton (age 70) died. His son Hylton Jolliffe 3rd Baron Hylton (age 36) succeeded 3rd Baron Hylton of Hylton in County Durham. Alice Adeliza Hervey Baroness Hylton (age 25) by marriage Baroness Hylton of Hylton in County Durham.
On 31 Oct 1899 Edward Pellew 4th Viscount Exmouth (age 38) died. His son Edward Pellew 5th Viscount Exmouth (age 8) succeeded 5th Viscount Exmouth, 5th Baron Exmouth of Canonteign, 5th Baronet Pellew of Treverry in Cornwall.
On 31 Oct 1900 Edward Bligh 7th Earl Darnley (age 49) died. His brother Ivo Bligh 8th Earl Darnley (age 41) succeeded 8th Earl Darnley. Florence Bligh Countess of Darnley (age 40) by marriage Countess Darnley. His daughter Elizabeth Bligh 17th Baroness Clifton succeeded 17th Baroness Clifton of Leighton Bromswold in Huntingdonshire.
On 31 Oct 1928 Mary Eleanor Coventry Countess Suffolk and Berkshire (age 81) died.
On 31 Oct 1929 Elizabeth Margaret Denman Lady Milbanke died.
On 31 Oct 1945 Ignacio Zuloaga (age 75) died.
On 31 Oct 1945 William Hudleston le Fleming 9th Baronet (age 84) died. His son Frank Thomas le Fleming 10th Baronet (age 56) succeeded 10th Baronet Fleming of Rydal in Cumbria.
On 31 Oct 1954 Mary Frances Neville Marchioness Abergavenny (age 85) died.
On 31 Oct 1961 Augustus John (age 83) died.
On 31 Oct 1967 Conyngham Denison 7th Baron Londesborough (age 82) died. His first cousin John Denison 8th Baron Londesborough (age 66) succeeded 8th Baron Londesborough of Londesborough in the East Riding of Yorkshire.
On 31 Oct 1995 Henry Percy 11th Duke of Northumberland (age 42) died from an overdose of amphetamines. He was unmarried . His brother Ralph Percy 12th Duke of Northumberland (age 38) succeeded 12th Duke Northumberland, 9th Earl Beverley, 11th Baron Percy, 15th Baronet Smithson of Stanwick in Yorkshire.
On 31 Oct 1995 Arthur Ramsey Hogg 7th Baronet (age 99) died. His son Michael David Hogg 8th Baronet (age 70) succeeded 8th Baronet Hogg of Upper Grosvenor Street in London.
On 31 Oct 1996 Granville James Leveson-Gower 5th Earl Granville (age 77) died. His son Fergus Leveson-Gower 6th Earl Granville (age 37) succeeded 6th Earl Granville, 6th Viscount Granville.