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The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.
In 1415 Baldwin Fulford was born.
In 1439 Baldwin Fulford (age 24) and Jenet Elizabeth Bozom (age 19) were married.
Warkworth's Chronicle. 1461. Also Quene Margrett1, Herry Duke of Excetre (age 30), the Duke of Somersett, and other lordes2 that fleede England, hade kepte certeyne castelles3 in Northumberlond, as Awnwyk [Map], Bambrught [Map], Dunstonebrught [Map], and also Werworthe [Map], whiche they hade vytaled and stuffed bothe with Englischemenne, Frenschemenne, and Scottesmenne, by the whiche castelle, they hade the moste party of alle Northumberlond.
Note 1. Also Quene Margrett. This was in the year 1462. Towards the end of the year Edward appears to have made a tour to the West of England, perhaps for the purpose of seeing how the country was disposed towards him:- "Deinde Rex Edwardus, Cantuariam peregre profectus, partes meridionales pertransiit, ubi Willielmum Episcopum Wintonie de manibus querentium animam ejus eripuit, insectatores suos graviter redarguit, et eorum capitaneos carcerali custodi emancipavit. Bristollie apperians, a civibus ejus cum maximo gaudio honoratissimè receptus est. [Then King Edward, having journeyed to Canterbury, passed through the southern regions, where he rescued William, Bishop of Winchester, from the hands of those seeking his life, severely rebuked his pursuers, and freed their leaders from prison custody. Upon arriving in Bristol, he was received with the utmost joy and honor by its citizens.]" - MS. Arundel, Coll. Arm. 5, fol. 169, ro. This Chronicle in the College of Arms was first used, as far as I know, for an historical purpose, in a MS. note in a copy of Carte's History of England in the Bodleian Library, where it is referred to on the important testimony of the death of Henry VI. Mr. Black quotes it in the Excerpta Historica, but its value does not appear to be fully appreciated by that author; it is the diary of a contemporary writer on the side of the House of York, and extends to the execution of the Bastard of Fauconberg, and Edward's celebration of the feast of Pentecost which took place immediately afterwards.
The following very curious account of the pageant which received Edward at Bristol is from a MS. in Lambeth Palace, No. 306, fol. 132, ro. I am indebted for it to the Rev. S. R. Maitland, F.R.S., Librarian to the Archbishop of Canterbury, who had the extreme kindness, at my request, to send me a transcript.
"The receyvyng of Kyng Edward the iiijth, at Brystowe.
"First, at the comyng inne atte temple gate, there stode Wylliam Conquerour, with iij. lordis, and these were his wordis:
'Wellcome Edwarde! oure son of high degre;
Many yeeris hast thou lakkyd owte of this londe-
I am thy forefader, Wylliam of Normandye,
To see thy welefare here through Goddys sond. '
"Over the same gate stondyng a greet Gyant delyveryng the keyes.
"The Receyvyng atte Temple Crosse next following;
" There was Seynt George on horsbakke, uppon a tent, fyghtyng with a dragon; and the Kyng and the Quene on hygh in a castell, and his doughter benethe with a lambe; and atte the sleying of the dragon ther was a greet melody of aungellys."
9th September 1461. Sir Bawdan (or Baldwin) Fulford (age 46) was brought before the King, and beheaded at this place on the ninth of September; his head was placed upon Castle Gate. Rot. C. 8. Mus. Brit.
Note 2. And other lordes. Among them was Thomas Lord Roos (age 33). Paston Correspondence, vol. I. p. 219.
Note 3. Certeyne castelles in Northumberlond. See two contemporary accounts of the sieges of these castles, edited by Mr. Black, in the Excerpta Historica, p. 365.
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On 9th September 1461 Baldwin Fulford (age 46) was beheaded at Bristol, Gloucestershire [Map] on the orders of King Edward IV of England (age 19) for having supported King Henry VI of England and II of France (age 39).
Before 1478 [his former wife] Jenet Elizabeth Bozom (age 57) died.
Archaeologia Volume 29 Section X. In the summer of the year 1461 King Edward made a tour of the south of England, ending westward at Bristol. It was at this town, on the 9th of September, in the same year, that Sir Baldwin Fulford and others were beheaded; and it appears from MS. Rot. Harl. C. 8, that they "were take on the se saylynge into Brytayne for to arayse people ageyn Kynge Edward," and that after they were beheaded their heads "were caryed to Exeter and were sette uppon the castelle gate.c"'
Note c. I here take the opportunity of supplying a minute point of history, which has never yet been given correctly by any author. Speaking of the Earl of Oxford, and his son, Lord Aubrey, the author of Hearne's Fragment says, "They were both taken the xij. day of Feb. 1460-1, and brought to the toure at London, and shortely thereuppon, the xx. day of the same month, bothe the fadir and the son were brought unto the Toure hill, where they suffrid dethe bothe on one day." Now the fact is that they were taken on the 2nd of February, the feast of the Purification of the Virgin Mary, that the Earl of Oxford was executed on the 20th, and the son on the 26th, and all in the year 1462. This appears from M8. Arundel (Coll. Arm.) 5, and MS. Rot. Harl. C. 8, membr. ult. The editor of the Gentleman's Magazine (Dec. 1839) in a review of Warkworth's Chronicle, falls into the same error. Edward was not reigning in February 1461.
An English Chronicle. Thanne aroos a knyght of Deuenshyre, called syr Bawdewyn Fulford1, and sayde that on payne of lesyng of his hed he wolde destroy the erle of Warrewyk and his nauey, yef the kyng wolde graunte hym his expensis; and he resceued therfore a M1. marc., and whenne he had consumed and wasted alle that money, his vyage was done and [he] wente home ayene.
Note 1. After 24th of the month, see Rymer, xi. 451.
Sprotts Chronicle. Item the fame yere was takin Sir Baldewine Fulford and behedid att Briftow.