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The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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Biography of Elisenda Montcada Queen Consort Aragon

On 1st December 1291 [her future husband] James "The Just" II King Aragon (age 24) and Isabella of Castile Queen Consort Aragon (age 8) were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Aragon. She the daughter of Sancho IV King Castile IV King Leon (age 33) and Maria Molina Queen Consort Castile Queen Consort Leon. He the son of Peter III King Aragon and Constance Hohenstaufen Queen Consort Aragon (age 42). They were first cousin once removed. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England.

On 29th October 1295 [her future husband] James "The Just" II King Aragon (age 28) and Blanche Capet Queen Consort Aragon were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Aragon. She the daughter of Charles II King Naples (age 41) and Mary of Hungary Queen Consort Naples (age 38). He the son of Peter III King Aragon and Constance Hohenstaufen Queen Consort Aragon (age 46). They were half second cousin once removed. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England.

On 15th June 1315 [her future husband] James "The Just" II King Aragon (age 48) and Marie Lusignan Queen Consort Aragon were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Aragon. He the son of Peter III King Aragon and Constance Hohenstaufen Queen Consort Aragon.

On 25th December 1322 James "The Just" II King Aragon (age 55) and Elisenda Montcada Queen Consort Aragon were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Aragon. He the son of Peter III King Aragon and Constance Hohenstaufen Queen Consort Aragon.

On 5th November 1327 [her husband] James "The Just" II King Aragon (age 60) died. His son [her step-son] Alfonso (age 28) succeeded IV King Aragon since his eldest son wished to take holy orders.