The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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Anton Raphael Mengs is in Painters.
On 22nd March 1728 Anton Raphael Mengs was born.
1744. Anton Raphael Mengs (age 15). Self-Portrait.
1752. Anton Raphael Mengs (age 23). Portrait of Richard Wilson 1714-1787.
Around 1756. Anton Raphael Mengs (age 27). Portrait of William Burton Conyngham (age 23).
William Burton Conyngham: In 1733 he was born to Francis Burton and Mary Conyngham. On 31st May 1796 William Burton Conyngham died.
1757. Anton Raphael Mengs (age 28). Portrait of William Fermor (age 20).
William Fermor: In 1737 he was born to Henry Fermor of Tusmore. In 1806 he died.
1757. Anton Raphael Mengs (age 28). Portrait of Robert Stewart 1st Marquess Londonderry (age 17).
1760. Anton Raphael Mengs (age 31). Portrait of George Grey 5th Earl Stamford 1st Earl Warrington (age 22).
1764. Anton Raphael Mengs (age 35). Portrait of Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain (age 18).
Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain: On 24th November 1745 she was born to Charles III King Spain and Maria Amalia of Saxony Queen Consort Spain. On 5th August 1765 Leopold II Holy Roman Emperor and she were married. She the daughter of Charles III King Spain and Maria Amalia of Saxony Queen Consort Spain. He the son of Francis I Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress. They were second cousin once removed. He a great x 4 grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland. On 15th May 1792 Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain died.
Around 1765. Anton Raphael Mengs (age 36). Portrait of Infanta Maria Josefa of Spain (age 20).
Infanta Maria Josefa of Spain: On 6th July 1744 she was born to Charles III King Spain and Maria Amalia of Saxony Queen Consort Spain. On 8th December 1801 Infanta Maria Josefa of Spain died unmarried.
The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
1765. Anton Raphael Mengs (age 36). Portrait of Charles III King Spain (age 48).
1765. Anton Raphael Mengs (age 36). Portrait of Charles IV King Spain (age 16).
1765. Anton Raphael Mengs (age 36). Portrait of George Nassau Clavering-Cowper 3rd Earl Cowper (age 26).
1766 to 1779. Anton Raphael Mengs (age 37). Portrait of Charles-Marie Bonaparte (age 19).
Charles-Marie Bonaparte: On 27th March 1746 he was born. In 1764 he and Maria-Letizia Ramolino were married. On 24th February 1785 he died.
1772-1773. Anton Raphael Mengs (age 43). Portrait of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies (age 20).
Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies: On 12th January 1751 he was born to Charles III King Spain and Maria Amalia of Saxony Queen Consort Spain. In 1768 Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies and Maria Caroline of Austria Queen Consort of Naples and Sicily were married. She the daughter of Francis I Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress. He the son of Charles III King Spain and Maria Amalia of Saxony Queen Consort Spain. They were second cousin once removed. He a great x 5 grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland. On 4th January 1825 Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies died.
1774. Anton Raphael Mengs (age 45). Self-Portrait.
On 29th June 1779 Anton Raphael Mengs (age 51) died.
1780. Anton Raphael Mengs. Portrait of Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain (age 34).