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The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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Paternal Family Tree: Habsburg
Maternal Family Tree: Leonor de Alvim
On 20th October 1496 [her father] Philip "Handsome Fair" King Castile (age 18) and [her mother] Joanna "The Mad" Trastámara Queen Castile (age 17) were married. She the daughter of [her grandfather] Ferdinand II King Aragon (age 44) and [her grandmother] Isabella Queen Castile (age 45). He the son of [her grandfather] Maximilian Habsburg I Holy Roman Emperor (age 37) and [her grandmother] Mary Valois Duchess Burgundy. They were second cousin once removed. He a great x 4 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
On 18th July 1501 Isabella of Austria Queen Consort Denmark and Norway was born to [her father] Philip "Handsome Fair" King Castile (age 22) and [her mother] Joanna "The Mad" Trastámara Queen Castile (age 22) at Brussels [Map]. Coefficient of inbreeding 2.88%.
On 26th November 1504 [her grandmother] Isabella Queen Castile (age 53) died. Her daughter [her mother] Joanna (age 25) succeeded Queen Castile. [her father] Philip "Handsome Fair" King Castile (age 26) by marriage King Castile.
Around 1506 [her father] Philip "Handsome Fair" King Castile (age 27) was appointed 257th Knight of the Garter by King Henry VII of England and Ireland (age 48).
On 25th September 1506 [her father] Philip "Handsome Fair" King Castile (age 28) died.
In 1508 [her brother] Charles V Holy Roman Emperor (age 7) was appointed 264th Knight of the Garter by King Henry VII of England and Ireland (age 50).
On 20th February 1513 John King of Denmark Norway and Sweden (age 58) died. His son [her future husband] Christian (age 31) succeeded II King of Denmark, II King Norway.
In 1515 Christian II King of Denmark II King Norway (age 33) and Isabella of Austria Queen Consort Denmark and Norway (age 13) were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Denmark, Queen Consort Norway. The difference in their ages was 20 years. She the daughter of Philip "Handsome Fair" King Castile and Joanna "The Mad" Trastámara Queen Castile (age 36). He the son of John King of Denmark Norway and Sweden and Christina Queen Consort Denmark Norway and Sweden (age 53). They were third cousins. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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On 12th August 1515 Isabella of Austria Queen Consort Denmark and Norway (age 14) was crowned Queen Consort Denmark.
On 23rd January 1516 [her grandfather] Ferdinand II King Aragon (age 63) died. His daughter [her mother] Joanna (age 37) succeeded Queen Aragon.
On 21st February 1518 [her son] John Oldenburg was born to [her husband] Christian II King of Denmark II King Norway (age 36) and Isabella of Austria Queen Consort Denmark and Norway (age 16) at Copenhagen.
On 16th July 1518 [her brother-in-law] Manuel "Fortunate" I King Portugal (age 49) and [her sister] Eleanor of Austria Queen Consort France Queen Consort Portugal (age 19) were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Portugal. The difference in their ages was 29 years. She the daughter of [her father] Philip "Handsome Fair" King Castile and [her mother] Joanna "The Mad" Trastámara Queen Castile (age 39). They were first cousin twice removed. He a great x 3 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
On 12th January 1519 [her grandfather] Maximilian Habsburg I Holy Roman Emperor (age 59) died. His grandson [her brother] Charles (age 18) succeeded V Holy Roman Emperor.
On 4th July 1519 [her son] Maximilian Oldenburg was born to [her husband] Christian II King of Denmark II King Norway (age 38) and Isabella of Austria Queen Consort Denmark and Norway (age 17). He died aged less than one years old.
On 4th July 1519 [her son] Philip Ferdinand Oldenburg was born to [her husband] Christian II King of Denmark II King Norway (age 38) and Isabella of Austria Queen Consort Denmark and Norway (age 17). He died aged less than one years old.
After 4th July 1519 [her son] Maximilian Oldenburg (deceased) died before his first birthday.
In 1520 [her son] Philip Ferdinand Oldenburg died.
On 10th November 1520 [her daughter] Dorothea Oldenburg was born to [her husband] Christian II King of Denmark II King Norway (age 39) and Isabella of Austria Queen Consort Denmark and Norway (age 19).
In November 1521 [her daughter] Christina Oldenburg Duchess Lorraine was born to [her husband] Christian II King of Denmark II King Norway (age 40) and Isabella of Austria Queen Consort Denmark and Norway (age 20). She married before 1543 her third cousin Francis Lorraine I Duke Lorraine, son of Antoine Lorraine II Duke Lorraine and Renée Bourbon Duchess Lorraine, and had issue.
Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
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In 1522 [her brother] Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor (age 18) was appointed 279th Knight of the Garter by King Henry VIII of England and Ireland (age 30).
In 1523 [her husband] Christian II King of Denmark II King Norway (age 41) Abdicated following pressure from his nobility. His uncle Frederick (age 51) succeeded I King of Denmark.
In January 1523 [her son] Stillborn Oldenburg was born to [her husband] Christian II King of Denmark II King Norway (age 41) and Isabella of Austria Queen Consort Denmark and Norway (age 21).
On 10th February 1525 [her brother-in-law] John III King Portugal (age 22) and [her sister] Catherine of Austria Queen Consort Portugal (age 18) were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Portugal. She the daughter of [her father] Philip "Handsome Fair" King Castile and [her mother] Joanna "The Mad" Trastámara Queen Castile (age 46). He the son of [her former brother-in-law] Manuel "Fortunate" I King Portugal and [her aunt] Maria Trastámara Queen Consort Portugal. They were first cousins. He a great x 4 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
On 10th February 1525 [her sister] Catherine of Austria Queen Consort Portugal (age 18) was crowned Queen Consort Portugal.
On 25th January 1559 [her former husband] Christian II King of Denmark II King Norway (age 77) died.
Kings Wessex: Great x 14 Grand Daughter of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings Gwynedd: Great x 19 Grand Daughter of Maredudd ab Owain King Deheubarth King Powys King Gwynedd
Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 21 Grand Daughter of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth
Kings Powys: Great x 19 Grand Daughter of Maredudd ab Owain King Deheubarth King Powys King Gwynedd
Kings Godwinson: Great x 14 Grand Daughter of King Harold II of England
Kings England: Great x 4 Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Kings Scotland: Great x 13 Grand Daughter of King Duncan I of Scotland
Kings Franks: Great x 10 Grand Daughter of Louis VII King of the Franks
Kings France: Great x 7 Grand Daughter of Philip V King France I King Navarre
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 18 Grand Daughter of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Great x 4 Grandfather: Albert Habsburg II Duke Austria
Great x 3 Grandfather: Leopold "The Just" Habsburg III Duke Austria
Great x 4 Grandmother: Johanna Pfirt Duchess Austria
Great x 2 Grandfather: Ernest "The Iron" Habsburg I Duke Austria
Great x 4 Grandfather: Bernabò Visconti
Great x 3 Grandmother: Viridis Visconti Duchess Austria
Great x 4 Grandmother: Beatrice Regina della Scala
Great x 1 Grandfather: Frederick "Peaceful or Fat" Habsburg III Holy Roman Emperor
Great x 4 Grandfather: Siemowit III Duke of Masovia
Great x 3 Grandfather: Siemowit IV Duke of Masovia
Great x 4 Grandmother: Euphemia Opava
Great x 2 Grandmother: Cymburgis Masovia Duchess Austria
Great x 4 Grandfather: Algirdas Grand Duke of Lithuania
Great x 3 Grandmother: Alexandra of Lithuania
Great x 4 Grandmother: Uliana of Tver
GrandFather: Maximilian Habsburg I Holy Roman Emperor 3 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Peter I King Portugal 
4 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: King John I of Portugal 
5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Inês Castro
Great x 2 Grandfather: Edward "The Philosopher" I King Portugal Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Philippa of Lancaster Queen Consort Portugal 
Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Blanche Duchess of Lancaster 
2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Eleanor Aviz Holy Roman Empress 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John I King Castile 
5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Ferdinand I King Aragon 6 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Eleanor Barcelona Queen Consort Castile 
6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Eleanor Trastámara Queen Consort Portugal 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Sancho Alfonso Ivrea 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Eleanor of Alberquerque Queen Consort Aragon 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Beatrice Burgundy 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Father: Philip "Handsome Fair" King Castile 4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Philip "Bold" Valois II Duke Burgundy 
5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: John "Fearless" Valois Duke Burgundy 3 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Dampierre Duchess Burgundy 
2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Philip "Good" Valois III Duke Burgundy 4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Albert Wittelsbach I Duke Lower Bavaria 
4 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Wittelsbach Duchess Burgundy 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret of Silesia Duchesa Lowwer Bavaria
Great x 1 Grandfather: Charles "Bold" Valois Duke Burgundy 2 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Peter I King Portugal 4 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: King John I of Portugal 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Inês Castro
Great x 2 Grandmother: Isabella Aviz Duchess Burgundy Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Philippa of Lancaster Queen Consort Portugal Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Blanche Duchess of Lancaster 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
GrandMother: Mary Valois Duchess Burgundy 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Louis Bourbon II Duke Bourbon 3 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: John Bourbon I Duke Bourbon 4 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Auvergne Duchess Bourbon
Great x 2 Grandfather: Charles Bourbon I Duke Bourbon 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Valois 1st Duke Berry 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Marie Valois I Duchess Auverge 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Joanne Armagnac Duchess Berry 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Isabella Bourbon 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Philip "Bold" Valois II Duke Burgundy 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: John "Fearless" Valois Duke Burgundy 3 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Dampierre Duchess Burgundy 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Agnes Valois Duchess Bourbon 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Albert Wittelsbach I Duke Lower Bavaria 4 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Wittelsbach Duchess Burgundy 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret of Silesia Duchesa Lowwer Bavaria
Isabella of Austria Queen Consort Denmark and Norway 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry "Fratricide" II King Castile 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: John I King Castile 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Juana Manuel Queen of Castile 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Ferdinand I King Aragon 6 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Peter IV King Aragon 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Eleanor Barcelona Queen Consort Castile 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Eleanor Barcelona Queen Consort Aragon 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: John II King Aragon 7 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Alfonso "Avenger" XI King Castile 4 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Sancho Alfonso Ivrea 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Eleanor Guzman
Great x 2 Grandmother: Eleanor of Alberquerque Queen Consort Aragon 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Peter I King Portugal 4 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Beatrice Burgundy 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Inês Castro
GrandFather: Ferdinand II King Aragon 8 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Fadrique Alfonso Ivrea 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Alfonso Enríquez Enríquez 6 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Fadrique Enríquez Count Melgar Count Rueda 7 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Juana Mendoza
Great x 1 Grandmother: Juana Enríquez Queen Consort Aragon 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Diego Fernández Lord Baena
Great x 2 Grandmother: Mariana Fernández Countess Melgar
Great x 3 Grandmother: Inés Ayala
Mother: Joanna "The Mad" Trastámara Queen Castile 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry "Fratricide" II King Castile 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: John I King Castile 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Juana Manuel Queen of Castile 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Henry III King Castile 6 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Peter IV King Aragon 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Eleanor Barcelona Queen Consort Castile 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Eleanor Barcelona Queen Consort Aragon 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: John II King Castile Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Edward III of England 
Son of King Edward II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Philippa of Hainaut Queen Consort England 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Stephen I England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Catherine of Lancaster Queen Consort Castile Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Peter "Cruel" I King Castile 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Constance of Castile Duchess of Lancaster 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Maria Padilla
GrandMother: Isabella Queen Castile 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Peter I King Portugal 4 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: King John I of Portugal 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Inês Castro
Great x 2 Grandfather: Prince John Aviz Constable Portugal Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Philippa of Lancaster Queen Consort Portugal Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Blanche Duchess of Lancaster 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Isabella Aviz Queen Consort Castile 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: King John I of Portugal 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Afonso Aviz I Duke Braganza 6 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Ines Peres
Great x 2 Grandmother: Isabella of Braganza 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Nuno Álvares Pereira
Great x 3 Grandmother: Beatriz Pereira de Alvim
Great x 4 Grandmother: Leonor de Alvim