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The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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Paternal Family Tree: Metx
Maternal Family Tree: Charlotte Hesse-Kassel 1627-1686
On 13th October 1698 [his father] Leopold Duke of Lorraine (age 19) and [his mother] Élisabeth Charlotte Bourbon Duchess Lorraine (age 22) were married. She by marriage Duchess Lorraine. She the daughter of [his grandfather] Philip Bourbon I Duke Orléans (age 58) and [his grandmother] Elizabeth Charlotte Palatinate Simmern Duchess Orléans (age 46). They were fifth cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland.
On 8th December 1708 Francis I Holy Roman Emperor was born to [his father] Leopold Duke of Lorraine (age 29) and [his mother] Élisabeth Charlotte Bourbon Duchess Lorraine (age 32). He a great x 3 grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland.
On 27th March 1729 [his father] Leopold Duke of Lorraine (age 49) died.
On 14th February 1736 Francis I Holy Roman Emperor (age 27) and Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress (age 18) were married. She the daughter of Charles Habsburg Spain VI Holy Roman Emperor (age 50) and Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Holy Roman Empress (age 44). He the son of Leopold Duke of Lorraine and Élisabeth Charlotte Bourbon Duchess Lorraine (age 59). They were third cousins. He a great x 3 grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland.
On 5th March 1737 [his brother-in-law] Charles Emmanuel III King Sardinia (age 35) and [his sister] Elisabeth Therese Lorraine Queen Consort Sardinia (age 25) were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Sardinia. She the daughter of [his father] Leopold Duke of Lorraine and [his mother] Élisabeth Charlotte Bourbon Duchess Lorraine (age 60). He the son of Victor Amadeus King Sardinia and [his aunt] Anne Marie Bourbon Queen Consort Sardinia. They were half first cousins. He a great grandson of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland.
On 3rd July 1741 [his sister] Elisabeth Therese Lorraine Queen Consort Sardinia (age 29) died.
On 13th May 1742 [his daughter] Maria Christina Duchess of Teschen was born to Francis I Holy Roman Emperor (age 33) and [his wife] Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress (age 25). She married 1766 her second cousin Albert Casimir Duke of Teschen, son of Augustus III King Poland and Maria Josepha of Austria.
On 23rd December 1744 [his mother] Élisabeth Charlotte Bourbon Duchess Lorraine (age 68) died.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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On 13th September 1745 Francis I Holy Roman Emperor (age 36) succeeded I Holy Roman Emperor. [his wife] Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress (age 28) by marriage Holy Roman Empress.
On 26th February 1746 [his daughter] Maria Amalia Duchess of Parma was born to Francis I Holy Roman Emperor (age 37) and [his wife] Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress (age 28). She married 19th July 1769 her half second cousin twice removed Ferdinand Duke of Parma, son of Infante Philip of Spain and Louise Elisabeth of France.
On 5th May 1747 [his son] Leopold II Holy Roman Emperor was born to Francis I Holy Roman Emperor (age 38) and [his wife] Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress (age 29). He married 5th August 1765 his second cousin once removed Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain and had issue.
On 4th February 1750 [his daughter] Maria Johanna Gabriela of Austria was born to Francis I Holy Roman Emperor (age 41) and [his wife] Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress (age 32).
On 13th August 1752 [his daughter] Maria Caroline of Austria Queen Consort of Naples and Sicily was born to Francis I Holy Roman Emperor (age 43) and [his wife] Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress (age 35). She married 1768 her second cousin once removed Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies and had issue.
On 1st June 1754 [his son] Archduke Ferdinand Karl of Austria-Este was born to Francis I Holy Roman Emperor (age 45) and [his wife] Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress (age 37).
On 2nd November 1755 [his daughter] Queen Marie Antoinette of France was born to Francis I Holy Roman Emperor (age 46) and [his wife] Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress (age 38). She married 16th May 1770 her second cousin once removed Louis XVI King France and had issue.
On 23rd December 1762 [his daughter] Maria Johanna Gabriela of Austria (age 12) died of smallpox.
Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke
Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.
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On 5th August 1765 [his son] Leopold II Holy Roman Emperor (age 18) and [his daughter-in-law] Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain (age 19) were married. She the daughter of Charles III King Spain (age 49) and Maria Amalia of Saxony Queen Consort Spain. He the son of Francis I Holy Roman Emperor (age 56) and [his wife] Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress (age 48). They were second cousin once removed. He a great x 4 grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland.
On 18th August 1765 Francis I Holy Roman Emperor (age 56) died.
On 29th November 1780 [his former wife] Maria Theresa Habsburg Spain Holy Roman Empress (age 63) died.
Kings Wessex: Great x 19 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings Gwynedd: Great x 17 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd
Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 23 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth
Kings Powys: Great x 18 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys
Kings Godwinson: Great x 18 Grand Son of King Harold II of England
Kings England: Great x 3 Grand Son of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland
Kings Scotland: Great x 18 Grand Son of King Duncan I of Scotland
Kings Franks: Great x 15 Grand Son of Louis VII King of the Franks
Kings France: Great Grand Son of Louis XIII King France
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 23 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Great x 4 Grandfather: Francis Lorraine I Duke Lorraine 8 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Charles "The Great" Lorraine III Duke Lorraine 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Christina Oldenburg Duchess Lorraine 
5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Francis Lorraine II Duke Lorraine 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Henry II of France 
7 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Claude Valois Duchess Lorraine 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Catherine Medici Queen Consort France 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Nicolas Lorraine II Duke Lorraine 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
GrandFather: Charles V Duke of Lorraine 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Father: Leopold Duke of Lorraine 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Francis I Holy Roman Emperor 3 x Great Grand Son of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Charles Bourbon Duke Vendôme 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Antoine King Navarre 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Françoise Valois Countess Vendôme 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Henry IV King France 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Henry II of Navarre 7 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Jeanne Albret III Queen Navarre 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Marguerite Valois Orléans Queen Consort Navarre 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Louis XIII King France 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Cosimo I de Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany
Great x 3 Grandfather: Francesco I de Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany
Great x 2 Grandmother: Marie de Medici Queen Consort France 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor 4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Joanna of Austria Grand Duchess Tuscany 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Jagiellon 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
GrandFather: Philip Bourbon I Duke Orléans 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Charles V Holy Roman Emperor 4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Philip "The Prudent" II King Spain 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabel Aviz Queen Consort Spain 
4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Philip III King Spain 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Maximilian Habsburg Spain II Holy Roman Emperor 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Anna of Austria Queen Consort Spain 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Maria of Spain Holy Roman Empress 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Anne of Austria Spain Queen Consort France 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor 4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Charles Habsburg Spain II Archduke Austria 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Jagiellon 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Margaret of Austria Queen Consort Spain 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Albert V Wittelsbach V Duke Bavaria 
5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Maria Anna Wittelsbach 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anna Habsburg Spain Duchess Bavaria 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Mother: Élisabeth Charlotte Bourbon Duchess Lorraine 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Louis VI Elector Palatine 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Frederick IV Elector Palatine 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Frederick Palatinate Simmern V Elector Palatine Rhine 10 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William "The Silent" Orange Nassau I Prince Orange
Great x 3 Grandmother: Electress Louise Juliana of the Palatine Rhine 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Charlotte Bourbon Princess Orange 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Charles Louis Palatinate Simmern Grand Son of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry "Lord Darnley" Stewart 
Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 3 Grandfather: King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandmother: Mary Queen of Scots 
Great Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 2 Grandmother: Princess Elizabeth Stewart Queen Bohemia 
Daughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Frederick II King of Denmark 11 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne of Denmark Queen Consort Scotland England and Ireland 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Sophie Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
GrandMother: Elizabeth Charlotte Palatinate Simmern Duchess Orléans 
Great Grand Daughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland
Great x 4 Grandfather: William IV Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel 10 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Landgrave Maurice of Hesse-Kassel 11 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Landgrave William V of Hesse-Kassel 12 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Charlotte Hesse-Kassel 13 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England