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The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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Avebury Type Cove
Arbor Low Henge and Stone Circle
Avebury North Circle Cove
Longstones Cove aka Devil's Quoits
Stanton Drew Cove
Stenness Type Cove
Stones of Stenness
Cove is in Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age Monuments.
Cove describes a either a three-sided structure, the Avebury Type, formed from upright stones typically at the centre of a Stone Circles or the end of an Avenue, or the Stenness Type: three stones, inline, with the middle offset, as per the following diagram:
A Avebury Type Cove describes three stones set in a C shape.
Arbor Low Henge and Stone Circle [Map]. Aubrey Burl, in his book "A Guide to the Stone Circles of Britain, Ireland and Brittany", states "The three sided Cove is now prostrate, two huge sides tumbled outwards, a long low stone on edge like a sill or septal slab between them at the east and other little stones nearby. A skeleton of a man about 5ft 5ins tall was buried againbst the eastern corner. Immediately east was a deep pit with a human armbone in it. "It is possible", wtrote the excavator, "That a skeleton or skeltons may have been removed from here".
A Stenness Type Cove describes three stones, inline, with the centre stone offset, as per the diagram:
3100BC. The Stones of Stenness [Map] is a Henge and Stone Circles erected around 3100BC based on radio-carbon dating; it isn't clear who undertook the dating? Aubrey Burl, in his book "A Guide to the Stone Circles of Britain, Ireland and Brittany", states "The setting [Stenness Type Cove] had consisted of three erect stones, two in line side by side, N-S, separated by a narrow gap behind which the third stood like the backstone of a chamber. It is a form of Cove.