The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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Paternal Family Tree: Oldenburg
Maternal Family Tree: Caroline Hohenzollern Queen Consort England 1683-1737
On 11th December 1743 [his father] Frederick V King of Denmark and Norway (age 20) and [his mother] Louise Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway (age 18) were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Denmark and Norway. She the daughter of [his grandfather] King George II of Great Britain and Ireland (age 60) and [his grandmother] Caroline Hohenzollern Queen Consort England. He the son of [his grandfather] Christian VI King of Denmark and Norway (age 44). They were third cousin once removed.
On 29th January 1749 Christian VII King Denmark and Norway was born to [his father] Frederick V King of Denmark and Norway (age 25) and [his mother] Louise Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway (age 24). He a grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.
On 19th December 1751 [his mother] Louise Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway (age 27) died.
On 8th July 1752 [his father] Frederick V King of Denmark and Norway (age 29) and [his step-mother] Juliana Maria Welf Queen Consort Denmark and Norway (age 22) were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Denmark and Norway. He the son of [his grandfather] Christian VI King of Denmark and Norway.
On 1st September 1764 [his brother-in-law] William Elector of Hesse (age 21) and [his sister] Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg (age 17) were married at Christiansborg Castle. She the daughter of [his father] Frederick V King of Denmark and Norway (age 41) and [his mother] Louise Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway. He the son of Frederick Hesse-Kassel (age 44) and [his aunt] Mary Hanover (age 41). They were first cousins. He a grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. She a granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.
On 14th January 1766 [his father] Frederick V King of Denmark and Norway (age 42) died. His son Christian (age 16) succeeded VII King Denmark and Norway.
On 1st October 1766 [his brother-in-law] Gustav III King Sweden (age 20) and [his sister] Queen Sophia of Sweden (age 20) were married. She the daughter of [his father] Frederick V King of Denmark and Norway and [his mother] Louise Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway. He the son of Adolph Frederick King Sweden (age 56) and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia Queen Consort of Sweden (age 46). They were second cousins. He a great x 4 grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland. She a granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.
On 8th November 1766 Christian VII King Denmark and Norway (age 17) and Caroline Matilda Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway (age 15) were married at Christiansborg Castle. She by marriage Queen Consort Denmark and Norway. She the daughter of Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales and Augusta Saxe Coburg Altenburg (age 46). He the son of Frederick V King of Denmark and Norway and Louise Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway. They were first cousins. He a grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. She a granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.
Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.
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In 1767 [his brother-in-law] Henry Frederick Hanover 1st Duke Cumberland and Strathearn (age 21) was appointed 587th Knight of the Garter by [his brother-in-law] King George III of Great Britain and Ireland (age 28).
On 17th September 1767 [his brother-in-law] Prince Edward Hanover 1st Duke of York (age 28) died at York Room, Prince's Palace. Duke of York and Albany extinct.
On 28th January 1768 [his son] Frederick VI King of Denmark and Norway was born to Christian VII King Denmark and Norway (age 18) and [his wife] Caroline Matilda Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway (age 16). He a great grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.66%. He married 31st July 1790 his first cousin Marie Sophie Hesse-Kassel Queen Consort Denmark and Norway, daughter of Charles Hesse-Kassel and Louise Oldenburg.
In 1771 [his brother-in-law] Henry Frederick Hanover 1st Duke Cumberland and Strathearn (age 25) and Anne Luttrell Duchess Cumberland and Strathearn (age 27) were married. She by marriage Duchess Cumberland and Strathearn. She the daughter of Simon Luttrell 1st Earl Carhampton (age 58) and Judith Maria Lawes Countess Carhampton (age 51). He the son of [his uncle] Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales and [his mother-in-law] Augusta Saxe Coburg Altenburg (age 51).
On 7th July 1771 [his daughter] Louise Auguste Oldenburg Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg was born to Christian VII King Denmark and Norway (age 22) and [his wife] Caroline Matilda Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway (age 19). She a great granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.66%. She married 1786 Frederick Christian Oldenburg II Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg, son of Frederick Christian Oldenburg I Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg and Charlotte Amalie Wilhelmine Unknown Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg, and had issue.
On 10th May 1775 [his wife] Caroline Matilda Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway (age 23) died.
On 31st October 1785 Frederick Hesse-Kassel (age 65) died. His son [his brother-in-law] William (age 42) succeeded IX Landgrave Hesse Kassel. [his sister] Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg (age 38) by marriage Landgravine Hesse Kassel.
In 1786 [his son-in-law] Frederick Christian Oldenburg II Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg (age 20) and [his daughter] Louise Auguste Oldenburg Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg (age 14) were married. She the daughter of Christian VII King of Denmark and Norway (age 36) and [his former wife] Caroline Matilda Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway. He the son of Frederick Christian Oldenburg I Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg (age 64) and Charlotte Amalie Wilhelmine Unknown Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg.
On 31st July 1790 [his son] Frederick VI King of Denmark and Norway (age 22) and [his daughter-in-law] Marie Sophie Hesse-Kassel Queen Consort Denmark and Norway (age 22) were married. He the son of Christian VII King of Denmark and Norway (age 41) and [his former wife] Caroline Matilda Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway. They were first cousins. He a great grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. She a great granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.
Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke
Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.
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In 1803 [his brother-in-law] William Elector of Hesse (age 59) was appointed Elector Hesse. [his sister] Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg (age 55) by marriage Electress Hesse.
On 13th March 1808 Christian VII King Denmark and Norway (age 59) died. His son Frederick (age 40) succeeded VI King Denmark and Norway. [his daughter-in-law] Marie Sophie Hesse-Kassel Queen Consort Denmark and Norway (age 40) by marriage Queen Consort Denmark and Norway.
Kings Wessex: Great x 21 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings Gwynedd: Great x 18 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd
Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 24 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth
Kings Powys: Great x 19 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys
Kings England: Grand Son of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland
Kings Scotland: Great x 20 Grand Son of King Duncan I of Scotland
Kings Franks: Great x 17 Grand Son of Louis VII King of the Franks
Kings France: Great x 11 Grand Son of Charles "Beloved Mad" VI King France
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 25 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Great x 4 Grandfather: Christian IV King of Denmark 
12 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Frederick III King of Denmark 13 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Christian V King of Denmark and Norway 14 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: George Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg 
Great x 3 Grandmother: Sophie Amalie Hanover Queen Consort Denmark 13 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Eleonore Hesse Darmstadt Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Frederick IV King of Denmark and Norway 13 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Landgrave William V of Hesse-Kassel 12 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Wilhelm "The Just" VI Hesse-Kassel 13 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Charlotte Amalie Hesse-Kassel Queen Consort Denmark and Norway 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: George William Hohenzollern 12 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Hedwig Sophia Hohenzollern 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elisabeth Charlotte Palatinate Simmern 
10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
GrandFather: Christian VI King of Denmark and Norway 14 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Duke John VII of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 12 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Duke John Albert II of Mecklenburg 12 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Sophia Oldenburg 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Duke Gustav Adolph of Mecklenburg-Güstrow 13 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Louise of Mecklenburg Güstrow Queen Consort Denmark and Norway 14 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Frederick III Duke of Holstein Gottorp
Great x 2 Grandmother: Magdalena Sibylla of Holstein Gottorp 14 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John George Elector Saxony 12 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Marie Elisabeth of Saxony Duchess Holstein Gottorp 13 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Father: Frederick V King of Denmark and Norway 15 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Christian VII King of Denmark and Norway Grand Son of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland
Great x 3 Grandfather: George Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg
Great x 2 Grandfather: Ernest Augustus Hanover Elector Brunswick-Lüneburg 13 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Landgrave Louis V of Hesse-Darmstadt 11 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne Eleonore Hesse Darmstadt Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: King George I Great Grand Son of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Frederick IV Elector Palatine 
11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Frederick Palatinate Simmern V Elector Palatine Rhine 10 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Electress Louise Juliana of the Palatine Rhine 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Electress Sophia Palatinate Simmern Grand Daughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland
Great x 4 Grandfather: King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 3 Grandmother: Princess Elizabeth Stewart Queen Bohemia 
Daughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne of Denmark Queen Consort Scotland England and Ireland 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
GrandFather: King George II of Great Britain and Ireland 2 x Great Grand Son of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland
Great x 3 Grandfather: George Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg
Great x 2 Grandfather: George Wilhelm Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg 13 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Landgrave Louis V of Hesse-Darmstadt 11 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne Eleonore Hesse Darmstadt Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Sophia Dorothea of Celle 14 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Eleonore Esmier D'Olbreuse Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg
Mother: Louise Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway Daughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: John George Hohenzollern Margrave of Brandenburg 11 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Joachim Ernst Hohenzollern 12 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Albert Hohenzollern 13 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: John Frederick Hohenzollern 14 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
GrandMother: Caroline Hohenzollern Queen Consort England 15 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England