Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke

Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.

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Biography of King Christian IX of Denmark 1818-1906

Paternal Family Tree: Oldenburg

Maternal Family Tree: Caroline Hohenzollern Queen Consort England 1683-1737

1863 Marriage of the future King Edward VII and Alexandra

1906 King Christian IX of Denmark Dies

On 26th January 1810 [his father] Friedrich Wilhelm Glücksburg Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg [aged 25] and [his mother] Louise Caroline Hesse-Kassel Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg [aged 20] were married. He the son of [his grandfather] Friedrich Karl Ludwig Oldenburg I Duke Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck [aged 52] and [his grandmother] Friederike Schlieben Duchess Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck.

On 8th April 1818 King Christian IX of Denmark was born to [his father] Friedrich Wilhelm Glücksburg Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg [aged 33] and [his mother] Louise Caroline Hesse-Kassel Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg [aged 28]. He a great x 2 grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.

On 17th February 1831 [his father] Friedrich Wilhelm Glücksburg Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg [aged 46] died. His son [his brother] Karl [aged 18] succeeded Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg.

On 16th October 1841 [his brother] Friedrich Glücksburg Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg [aged 26] and [his sister-in-law] Adelheid Schasumburg Lippe Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg were married. He the son of [his father] Friedrich Wilhelm Glücksburg Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg and [his mother] Louise Caroline Hesse-Kassel Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg [aged 52].

On 26th May 1842 King Christian IX of Denmark [aged 24] and Queen Louise Hesse-Kassel of Denmark [aged 24] were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Denmark. He the son of Friedrich Wilhelm Glücksburg Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg and Louise Caroline Hesse-Kassel Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg [aged 52]. They were second cousins. He a great x 2 grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.

On 3rd June 1843 [his son] Frederick VIII King of Denmark was born to King Christian IX of Denmark [aged 25] and [his wife] Queen Louise Hesse-Kassel of Denmark [aged 25]. He a great x 3 grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 2.84%. He married 28th July 1869 Louise of Sweden Queen Consort Denmark and had issue.

On 1st December 1844 [his daughter] Alexandra of Denmark Queen Consort England was born to King Christian IX of Denmark [aged 26] and [his wife] Queen Louise Hesse-Kassel of Denmark [aged 27]. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 2.84%. She married 10th March 1863 her third cousin once removed King Edward VII of the United Kingdom, son of Prince Albert Saxe Coburg Gotha and Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, and had issue.

On 24th December 1845 [his son] George I King Greece was born to King Christian IX of Denmark [aged 27] and [his wife] Queen Louise Hesse-Kassel of Denmark [aged 28]. He a great x 3 grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 2.84%. He married 15th October 1867 his fifth cousin once removed Olga Constantinovna Holstein Gottorp Romanov Queen Consort Greece and had issue.

On 26th November 1847 [his daughter] Dagmar aka Maria Feodrovna Glücksburg was born to King Christian IX of Denmark [aged 29] and [his wife] Queen Louise Hesse-Kassel of Denmark [aged 30]. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 2.84%. She married 9th November 1866 her fifth cousin once removed Tsar Alexander III of Russia and had issue.

On 29th September 1853 [his daughter] Thyra Glücksburg Duchess Cumberland and Teviotdale was born to King Christian IX of Denmark [aged 35] and [his wife] Queen Louise Hesse-Kassel of Denmark [aged 36]. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 2.84%. She married 22nd December 1878 her fourth cousin Ernest Augustus Hanover 3rd Duke Cumberland and Teviotdale, son of George V King Hanover and Marie Saxe Altenburg Queen Consort Hanover, and had issue.

On 27th October 1858 [his son] Prince Valdemar Glücksburg was born to King Christian IX of Denmark [aged 40] and [his wife] Queen Louise Hesse-Kassel of Denmark [aged 41]. He a great x 3 grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 2.84%. He married 20th October 1885 Princess Marie Orléans and had issue.

Marriage of the future King Edward VII and Alexandra

On 10th March 1863 [his son-in-law] King Edward VII of the United Kingdom [aged 21] and Alexandra of Denmark Queen Consort England [aged 18] were married at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle [Map]. She the daughter of King Christian IX of Denmark [aged 44] and Queen Louise Hesse-Kassel of Denmark [aged 45]. He the son of Prince Albert Saxe Coburg Gotha and Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom [aged 43]. They were third cousin once removed. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.

On 15th November 1863 King Christian IX of Denmark [aged 45] succeeded IX King of Denmark.

In 1865 King Christian IX of Denmark [aged 46] was appointed 744th Knight of the Garter by Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom [aged 45]..

The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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On 9th November 1866 [his son-in-law] Tsar Alexander III of Russia [aged 21] and Dagmar aka Maria Feodrovna Glücksburg [aged 18] were married. She the daughter of King Christian IX of Denmark [aged 48] and Queen Louise Hesse-Kassel of Denmark [aged 49]. They were fifth cousin once removed. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.

On 13th March 1867 [his mother] Louise Caroline Hesse-Kassel Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg [aged 77] died.

On 15th October 1867 George I King Greece [aged 21] and Olga Constantinovna Holstein Gottorp Romanov Queen Consort Greece [aged 16] were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Greece. He the son of King Christian IX of Denmark [aged 49] and Queen Louise Hesse-Kassel of Denmark [aged 50]. They were fifth cousin once removed. He a great x 3 grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.

On 28th July 1869 Frederick VIII King of Denmark [aged 26] and Louise of Sweden Queen Consort Denmark [aged 17] were married. He the son of King Christian IX of Denmark [aged 51] and Queen Louise Hesse-Kassel of Denmark [aged 51].

On 24th October 1878 Karl Glücksburg Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg [aged 66] died. His brother Friedrich [aged 64] succeeded Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg. Adelheid Schasumburg Lippe Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg by marriage Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg.

On 22nd December 1878 [his son-in-law] Ernest Augustus Hanover 3rd Duke Cumberland and Teviotdale [aged 33] and Thyra Glücksburg Duchess Cumberland and Teviotdale [aged 25] were married. She by marriage Duchess Cumberland and Teviotdale. She the daughter of King Christian IX of Denmark [aged 60] and Queen Louise Hesse-Kassel of Denmark [aged 61]. He the son of George V King Hanover and Marie Saxe Altenburg Queen Consort Hanover. They were fourth cousins. He a great grandson of King George III of Great Britain and Ireland. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.

On 20th October 1885 Prince Valdemar Glücksburg [aged 26] and Princess Marie Orléans [aged 20] were married in a civil ceremony at Château d'Eu [Map]. He the son of King Christian IX of Denmark [aged 67] and Queen Louise Hesse-Kassel of Denmark [aged 68].

On 29th September 1898 [his wife] Queen Louise Hesse-Kassel of Denmark [aged 81] died.

King Christian IX of Denmark Dies

On 29th January 1906 King Christian IX of Denmark [aged 87] died. His son Frederick [aged 62] succeeded VIII King of Denmark. Louise of Sweden Queen Consort Denmark [aged 54] by marriage Queen Consort Denmark.

Royal Ancestors of King Christian IX of Denmark 1818-1906

Kings Wessex: Great x 23 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England

Kings Gwynedd: Great x 20 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 26 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth

Kings Powys: Great x 21 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys

Kings Godwinson: Great x 22 Grand Son of King Harold II of England

Kings England: Great x 2 Grand Son of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland

Kings Scotland: Great x 22 Grand Son of King Duncan I of Scotland

Kings Franks: Great x 29 Grand Son of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor

Kings France: Great x 13 Grand Son of Charles "Beloved Mad" VI King France

Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 27 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine

Royal Descendants of King Christian IX of Denmark 1818-1906
Number after indicates the number of unique routes of descent. Descendants of Kings and Queens not included.

Frederick VIII King of Denmark [1]

Alexandra of Denmark Queen Consort England [1]

George I King Greece [1]

Sophia Glücksburg Queen Consort Spain [1]

Constantine II King Hellenes [1]

Ancestors of King Christian IX of Denmark 1818-1906

Great x 4 Grandfather: August Philipp Oldenburg I Duke Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck 13 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Frederick Louis Oldenburg I Duke Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck 14 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Marie Sibylle Nassau Saarbrücken Duchess Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck

Great x 2 Grandfather: Peter August Oldenburg I Duke Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck 15 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Ernest Günther Oldenburg I Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg 13 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Louise Charlotte Oldenburg Duchess Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck 14 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Auguste Oldenburg Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg 13 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 1 Grandfather: Karl Anton Oldenburg I Duke Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck 16 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Philip Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal

Great x 2 Grandmother: Sophie of Hesse-Philippsthal Duchess Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck

GrandFather: Friedrich Karl Ludwig Oldenburg I Duke Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck 17 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 1 Grandmother: Frederica Charlotte Dohna Schlodien Duchess Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck

Father: Friedrich Wilhelm Glücksburg Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg 18 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

GrandMother: Friederike Schlieben Duchess Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck

King Christian IX of Denmark 2 x Great Grand Son of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Wilhelm "The Just" VI Hesse-Kassel 13 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Charles I Landgrave Hesse-Kassel 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Hedwig Sophia Hohenzollern 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: William Hesse-Kassel 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Jacob Kettler 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Maria Amalia of Courland Landgravine Hesse-Kassel 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Louise Charlotte Hohenzollern 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 1 Grandfather: Frederick Hesse-Kassel 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

GrandFather: Charles Hesse-Kassel Grand Son of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Ernest Augustus Hanover Elector Brunswick-Lüneburg 13 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: King George I Great Grand Son of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandmother: Electress Sophia Palatinate Simmern Grand Daughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland

Great x 2 Grandfather: King George II of Great Britain and Ireland 2 x Great Grand Son of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandfather: George Wilhelm Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg 13 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Sophia Dorothea of Celle 14 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Eleonore Esmier D'Olbreuse Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg

Great x 1 Grandmother: Mary Hanover Daughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Albert Hohenzollern 13 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: John Frederick Hohenzollern 14 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Caroline Hohenzollern Queen Consort England 15 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Mother: Louise Caroline Hesse-Kassel Duchess Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glücksburg Great Grand Daughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Christian V King of Denmark and Norway 14 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Frederick IV King of Denmark and Norway 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Charlotte Amalie Hesse-Kassel Queen Consort Denmark and Norway 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Christian VI King of Denmark and Norway 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Duke Gustav Adolph of Mecklenburg-Güstrow 13 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Louise of Mecklenburg Güstrow Queen Consort Denmark and Norway 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Magdalena Sibylla of Holstein Gottorp 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 1 Grandfather: Frederick V King of Denmark and Norway 12 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

GrandMother: Louise Oldenburg Grand Daughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Ernest Augustus Hanover Elector Brunswick-Lüneburg 13 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: King George I Great Grand Son of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandmother: Electress Sophia Palatinate Simmern Grand Daughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland

Great x 2 Grandfather: King George II of Great Britain and Ireland 2 x Great Grand Son of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandfather: George Wilhelm Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg 13 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Sophia Dorothea of Celle 14 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Eleonore Esmier D'Olbreuse Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg

Great x 1 Grandmother: Louise Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway Daughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Albert Hohenzollern 13 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: John Frederick Hohenzollern 14 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Caroline Hohenzollern Queen Consort England 15 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England