Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
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Paternal Family Tree: Stewart
Maternal Family Tree: Elizabeth Dinley 1495-1550
1685 Death and Burial of Charles II
14th June 1685 Battle of Bridport
On 5th September 1664 Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield was born illegitimately to [her father] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 34] and [her mother] Barbara Villiers 1st Duchess of Cleveland [aged 23].
In 1665 William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne [aged 72] was created 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne by [her father] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 34]. Margaret Lucas Duchess Newcastle upon Tyne [aged 42] by marriage Duchess Newcastle upon Tyne.
In 1667 Archbishop William Sancroft [aged 49] was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury at the express wish of [her father] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 36].
On 7th October 1667 Edgar Stewart 1st Duke Cambridge was created 1st Duke Cambridge by [her father] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 37].
Before July 1669 [her brother-in-law] James Howard [aged 29] and [her illegitimate half-sister] Charlotte Jemima Henrietta Maria Fitzroy Countess Yarmouth [aged 19] were married. She the illegitmate daughter of [her father] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 39] and Elizabeth Killigrew Viscountess Shannon [aged 47].
In 1670 [her mother] Barbara Villiers 1st Duchess of Cleveland [aged 29] was created 1st Duchess Cleveland, 1st Countess of Southampton and 1st Baroness Nonsuch by [her father] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 39] for having given birth to five of his illegitimate children.
On 25th May 1671 Henry Wood 1st Baronet [aged 73] died without male issue. Baronet Wood extinct. On 31st May 1671 he was buried at Ufford, Suffolk. His daughter [her future sister-in-law] Mary Wood Duchess Southampton [aged 8] was his heir. In view of the great wealth she was to inherit she was betrothed to [her illegitimate brother] Charles Fitzroy 1st Duke Southampton 2nd Duke Cleveland [aged 8], an illegitmate son of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 40] and Barbara Villiers 1st Duchess of Cleveland [aged 30]. On her father's death she went to live with Barbara Villiers 1st Duchess of Cleveland. They, Mary Wood Duchess Southampton and Charles Fitzroy 1st Duke Southampton 2nd Duke Cleveland married 1679 but she died a year later from smallpox.
John Evelyn's Diary. 17th October 1671. My Lord Henry Howard [aged 43] coming this night to visit my Lord Chamberlain, and staying a day, would needs have me go with him to Norwich, Norfolk [Map], promising to convey me back, after a day or two; this, as I could not refuse, I was not hard to be pursuaded to, having a desire to see that famous scholar and physician, Dr. T. Browne [aged 65], author of the Religio Medici and Vulgar Errors, now lately knighted. Thither, then, went my Lord and I alone, in his flying chariot with six horses; and by the way, discoursing with me of several of his concerns, he acquainted me of his going to marry his eldest son to one of the [her father] King's [aged 41] natural daughters [Note. Either [her illegitimate sister] Anne Fitzroy Countess Sussex [aged 10] or Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield [aged 7].], by the [her mother] Duchess of Cleveland [aged 30]; by which he reckoned he should come into mighty favor. He also told me that, though he kept that idle creature, Mrs. B-- [Note. Jane Bickerton Duchess Norfolk [aged 28]], and would leave £200 a year to the son [Note. Henry Howard and Jane Bickerton had three sons; not clear which is being referred to since the eldest may have died and the reference may be to a surviving son.] he had by her, he would never marry her, and that the King himself had cautioned him against it. All the world knows how he kept his promise [Note. meaning he didn't keep his promise since Henry Howard did marry Jane Bickerton - this a case of John Evelyn writing his diary retrospectively?], and I was sorry at heart to hear what now he confessed to me; and that a person and a family which I so much honored for the sake of that noble and illustrious friend of mine, his grandfather, should dishonor and pollute them both with those base and vicious courses he of late had taken since the death of Sir Samuel Tuke [aged 56], and that of his own virtuous lady (my Lady Anne Somerset, sister to the Marquis); who, while they lived, preserved this gentleman by their example and advice from those many extravagances that impaired both his fortune and reputation.
On 1st August 1672 [her illegitimate brother] Henry Fitzroy 1st Duke Grafton [aged 8] and [her sister-in-law] Isabella Bennet Duchess Grafton [aged 4] were married. She the daughter of Henry Bennet 1st Earl Arlington [aged 54] and Elisabeth Nassau Beverweert Countess Arlington [aged 38]. He the illegitmate son of [her father] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 42] and [her mother] Barbara Villiers 1st Duchess of Cleveland [aged 31]. They were half sixth cousins.
He was created 1st Earl Euston, 1st Viscount Ipswich, 1st Baron Sudbury. Isabella Bennet Duchess Grafton by marriage Countess Euston.
Before 1673 [her brother-in-law] William Paston 2nd Earl of Yarmouth [aged 18] and [her illegitimate half-sister] Charlotte Jemima Henrietta Maria Fitzroy Countess Yarmouth [aged 22] were married. She by marriage Countess of Yarmouth. She the illegitmate daughter of [her father] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 42] and Elizabeth Killigrew Viscountess Shannon [aged 50]. He the son of Robert Paston 1st Earl of Yarmouth [aged 41] and Rebecca Clayton Countess Yarmouth [aged 37].
In 1674 Edward Lee 1st Earl Lichfield [aged 10] was created 1st Earl Lichfield as a consequence of his being betrothed to Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield [aged 9], a natural daughter of [her father] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 43].
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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On 16th May 1674 [her brother-in-law] Thomas Lennard 1st Earl of Sussex [aged 20] and [her illegitimate sister] Anne Fitzroy Countess Sussex [aged 13] were married at Hampton Court Palace, Richmond [Map]. She the illegitmate daughter of [her father] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 43] and [her mother] Barbara Villiers 1st Duchess of Cleveland [aged 33]. They were first cousin once removed.
On 1st October 1674 [her illegitimate brother] George Fitzroy 1st Duke Northumberland [aged 8] was created 1st Earl of Northumberland, 1st Viscount Falmouth, 1st Baron Pontefract by [her father] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 44].
On 5th October 1674 [her brother-in-law] Thomas Lennard 1st Earl of Sussex [aged 20] was created 1st Earl of Sussex. [her illegitimate sister] Anne Fitzroy Countess Sussex [aged 13] by marriage Countess of Sussex.
On 28th July 1675 [her illegitimate half-brother] Charles "Don Carlo" Fitzcharles 1st Earl Plymouth [aged 18] was created 1st Earl Plymouth, 1st Viscount Totnes, 1st Baron Dartmouth.
On 9th August 1675 [her illegitimate half-brother] Charles Lennox 1st Duke Richmond [aged 3] was created 1st Duke Richmond, 1st Earl March, 1st Baron Settrington by [her father] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 45].
On 11th September 1675 [her illegitimate brother] Henry Fitzroy 1st Duke Grafton [aged 11] was created 1st Duke Grafton by [her father] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 45]. [her sister-in-law] Isabella Bennet Duchess Grafton [aged 7] by marriage Duchess Grafton.
On 21st December 1676 [her illegitimate half-brother] Charles Beauclerk 1st Duke St Albans [aged 6] was created 1st Earl Burford, 1st Baron Heddington by [her father] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 46].
On 6th February 1677 Edward Lee 1st Earl Lichfield [aged 14] and Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield [aged 12] were married. She by marriage Countess Lichfield. She the illegitmate daughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 46] and Barbara Villiers 1st Duchess of Cleveland [aged 36]. He the son of Francis Lee 4th Baronet and Elizabeth Pope Countess Lindsey. They were third cousins.
On 19th September 1678 [her illegitimate half-brother] Charles "Don Carlo" Fitzcharles 1st Earl Plymouth [aged 21] and [her sister-in-law] Bridget Osborne Countess Plymouth were married in Wimbledon, Surrey. She by marriage Countess Plymouth. She the daughter of Thomas Osborne 1st Duke Leeds [aged 46] and Bridget Bertie Duchess Leeds [aged 49]. He the illegitmate son of [her father] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 48] and Catherine Pegge [aged 43].
In 1679 John Robartes 1st Earl Radnor [aged 73] was created 1st Earl Radnor, 1st Viscount Bodmin by [her father] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 48] in reward for having supported Charles' brother James II King England, Scotland and Ireland 1633-1701's future accession. Letitia Isabella Smythe Countess Radnor [aged 49] by marriage Countess Radnor.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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In 1679 [her illegitimate brother] Charles Fitzroy 1st Duke Southampton 2nd Duke Cleveland [aged 16] and [her sister-in-law] Mary Wood Duchess Southampton [aged 16] were married. She by marriage Duchess Southampton. He the illegitmate son of [her father] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 48] and [her mother] Barbara Villiers 1st Duchess of Cleveland [aged 38].
On 13th March 1679 [her daughter] Charlotte Lee Baroness Baltimore was born to Edward Lee 1st Earl Lichfield [aged 16] and Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield [aged 14] at St James' Park [Map]. She a granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She married (1) 2nd January 1699 Benedict Calvert 4th Baron Baltimore, son of Charles Calvert 3rd Baron Baltimore and Jane Lowe Baroness Baltimore, and had issue (2) before 10th December 1719 Christopher Crowe and had issue.
On 6th May 1680 [her son] Charles Lee was born to Edward Lee 1st Earl Lichfield [aged 17] and Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield [aged 15]. He a grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. He died aged less than one years old.
On 13th October 1680 [her son] Charles Lee died.
On 17th October 1680 [her illegitimate half-brother] Charles "Don Carlo" Fitzcharles 1st Earl Plymouth [aged 23] died of dysentery at Tangier [Map] during the Siege of Tangier. Earl Plymouth, Viscount Totnes and Baron Dartmouth extinct.
On 6th June 1681 [her son] Edward Henry Lee was born to Edward Lee 1st Earl Lichfield [aged 18] and Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield [aged 16]. He a grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 13th November 1681 [her son] James Lee was born to Edward Lee 1st Earl Lichfield [aged 18] and Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield [aged 17]. He a grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 17th November 1681 Jean Chardin [aged 38] was knighted at Whitehall Palace [Map] by [her father] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 51]. The same day Jean Chardin and Esther Lardinière Peigné were married.
John Evelyn's Diary. 24th January 1682. This evening I was at the entertainment of the Morocco Ambassador at the Duchess of Portsmouth's [aged 32] glorious apartments at Whitehall [Map], where was a great banquet of sweetmeats and music; but at which both the Ambassador and his retinue behaved themselves with extraordinary moderation and modesty, though placed about a long table, a lady between two Moors, and among these were the [her father] King's [aged 51] natural children, namely, Lady Lichfield [aged 17] and [her illegitimate sister] Sussex [aged 20], the Duchess of Portsmouth, Nelly [aged 31], etc., concubines, and cattle of that sort, as splendid as jewels and excess of bravery could make them; the Moors neither admiring nor seeming to regard anything, furniture or the like, with any earnestness, and but decently tasting of the banquet. They drank a little milk and water, but not a drop of wine; they also drank of a sorbet and jacolatt [Note. This may be chocolate?]; did not look about, or stare on the ladies, or express the least surprise, but with a courtly negligence in pace, countenance, and whole behavior, answering only to such questions as were asked with a great deal of wit and gallantry, and so gravely took leave with this compliment, that God would bless the Duchess of Portsmouth and the [her illegitimate half-brother] Prince [aged 9], her son meaning the little Duke of Richmond. The King came in at the latter end, just as the Ambassador was going away. In this manner was this slave (for he was no more at home) entertained by most of the nobility in town, and went often to Hyde Park [Map] on horseback, where he and his retinue showed their extraordinary activity in horsemanship, and flinging and catching their lances at full speed; they rode very short, and could stand upright at full speed, managing their spears with incredible agility. He went sometimes to the theaters, where, upon any foolish or fantastical action, he could not forbear laughing, but he endeavored to hide it with extraordinary modesty and gravity. In a word, the Russian Ambassador, still at Court behaved himself like a clown compared to this civil heathen.
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On 2nd December 1682 Henry Somerset 1st Duke Beaufort [aged 53] was created 1st Duke Beaufort by [her father] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 52]. Mary Capell Duchess Beaufort [aged 52] by marriage Duchess Beaufort.
On 6th April 1683 [her illegitimate brother] George Fitzroy 1st Duke Northumberland [aged 17] was created 1st Duke Northumberland by [her father] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 52].
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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In 1684 [her illegitimate half-sister] Charlotte Jemima Henrietta Maria Fitzroy Countess Yarmouth [aged 34] died.
On 5th January 1684 [her illegitimate half-brother] Charles Beauclerk 1st Duke St Albans [aged 13] was created 1st Duke St Albans by [her father] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 53].
On 6th February 1685 [her father] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 54] died around midday the morning at Whitehall Palace [Map] attended by Charles Scarburgh [aged 69]. His brother [her uncle] James [aged 51] succeeded II King England Scotland and Ireland. Duke York merged with the Crown. Mary of Modena Queen Consort England Scotland and Ireland [aged 26] by marriage Queen Consort England Scotland and Ireland. His brother King James II of England Scotland and Ireland, William Chiffinch [aged 83], Richard Mason [aged 52] and Archbishop William Sancroft [aged 68] were present.
The time of his death reported differtently by different contemporary sources: John Evelyn's Diary 'at halfe an houre after eleven in the morning', the Anonymous Letter to Reverend Roper: 'Yesterday noon', Ambassador Barillon's Account: 'and at noon, he died without any struggle or convulsion.' and Charl;es Scarburgh's Manuscript: 'He expired on February the Sixth soon after noon'.
According to Mark Bryant's book "Private Lives: Curious Facts about the Famous and Infamous' King Charles is supposed to have said the much repested phrase: "I am sorry, gentlemen, for being such a time a-dying." This doesn't appear to come from a contemporary source. Macaulay in his 'History of England', writing much later has "He apologised to those who had stood round him all night for the trouble which he had caused. He had been, he said, a most unconscionable time dying; but he hoped that they would excuse it." Perhaps the nearest we can find in a contemporary source is the Anonymous Letter to Reverend Roper: 'and beg the pardon of the standers by, and those that were employed about him, that he gave them so much trouble: that he hoped the work was almost over...'
On 14th February 1685 [her son] Francis Lee was born to Edward Lee 1st Earl Lichfield [aged 22] and Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield [aged 20]. He a grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 14th June 1685 the [her illegitimate half-brother] Duke of Monmouth's [aged 36] forces commanded by Ford Grey 1st Earl Tankerville [aged 29] were defeated by the Dorset Militia and withdrew to Axminster.
Wadham Strangeways [aged 39] was killed.
On 15th July 1685 [her illegitimate half-brother] James Scott 1st Duke Monmouth 1st Duke Buccleuch [aged 36] was beheaded at Tower Hill [Map]. Duke Monmouth and Duke Buccleuch forfeit. Bishop Francis Turner [aged 47] acted a Chaplain.
In 1686 John Talbot [aged 21] was killed in a duel by [her illegitimate brother] Henry Fitzroy 1st Duke Grafton [aged 22].
In March 1686 [her illegitimate brother] George Fitzroy 1st Duke Northumberland [aged 20] and [her sister-in-law] Catherine Wheatley were married. Soon after the marriage Northumberland and his brother, Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton [aged 22], allegedly attempted to privately convey her abroad to an English convent in Ghent [Map], Belgium. He the illegitmate son of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland and Barbara Villiers 1st Duchess of Cleveland [aged 45].
On 29th June 1686 [her daughter] Anne Lee was born to Edward Lee 1st Earl Lichfield [aged 23] and Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield [aged 21]. She a granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 5th June 1688 [her son] Charles Lee was born to Edward Lee 1st Earl Lichfield [aged 25] and Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield [aged 23]. He a grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 12th March 1690 [her son] George Henry Lee 2nd Earl Lichfield was born to Edward Lee 1st Earl Lichfield [aged 27] and Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield [aged 25]. He a grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. He married before 21st May 1718 Frances Hales Countess Lichfield, daughter of John Hales 4th Baronet and Mary Catherine Bellings-Arundell Baroness Arundel Wardour, and had issue.
On 9th October 1690 [her illegitimate brother] Henry Fitzroy 1st Duke Grafton [aged 27] was killed at Cork [Map] during the Storming of Cork. His son [her illegitimate nephew] Charles [aged 6] succeeded 2nd Duke Grafton, 2nd Earl Euston, 2nd Viscount Ipswich, 2nd Baron Sudbury.
On 8th January 1692 [her illegitimate half-brother] Charles Lennox 1st Duke Richmond [aged 19] and [her sister-in-law] Anne Brudenell Duchess Richmond [aged 21] were married. She by marriage Duchess Richmond. He the illegitmate son of [her father] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland and Louise Kéroualle 1st Duchess Portsmouth [aged 42].
On 10th September 1692 [her son] Francis Henry Fitzroy Lee was born to Edward Lee 1st Earl Lichfield [aged 29] and Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield [aged 28]. He a grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 26th May 1693 [her daughter] Elizabeth Lee was born to Edward Lee 1st Earl Lichfield [aged 30] and Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield [aged 28]. She a granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She married (1) before 1730 her first cousin Francis Lee and had issue (2) 1731 Edward Young.
In 1694 [her illegitimate brother] Charles Fitzroy 1st Duke Southampton 2nd Duke Cleveland [aged 31] and [her sister-in-law] Anne Pulteney Duchess Southampton Duchess of Cleveland [aged 30] were married. She by marriage Duchess Southampton. He the illegitmate son of [her father] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland and [her mother] Barbara Villiers 1st Duchess of Cleveland [aged 53].
On 17th April 1694 [her illegitimate half-brother] Charles Beauclerk 1st Duke St Albans [aged 23] and [her sister-in-law] Diana Vere Duchess St Albans [aged 15] were married. She by marriage Duchess St Albans. She the daughter of Aubrey de Vere 20th Earl of Oxford [aged 67] and Diana Kirke Countess of Oxford. He the illegitmate son of [her father] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland and Nell Gwyn.
On 3rd March 1695 [her daughter] Barbara Lee Lady Browne was born to Edward Lee 1st Earl Lichfield [aged 32] and Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield [aged 30]. She a granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She married in or before 1729 George Browne 3rd Baronet, son of Charles Browne 2nd Baronet, and had issue.
On 6th December 1697 [her daughter] Mary Isabella Lee was born to Edward Lee 1st Earl Lichfield [aged 34] and Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield [aged 33]. She a granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She died aged less than one years old.
On 28th December 1697 [her daughter] Mary Isabella Lee died.
Adam Murimuth's Continuation and Robert of Avesbury’s 'The Wonderful Deeds of King Edward III'
This volume brings together two of the most important contemporary chronicles for the reign of Edward III and the opening phases of the Hundred Years’ War. Written in Latin by English clerical observers, these texts provide a vivid and authoritative window into the political, diplomatic, and military history of fourteenth-century England and its continental ambitions. Adam Murimuth Continuatio's Chronicarum continues an earlier chronicle into the mid-fourteenth century, offering concise but valuable notices on royal policy, foreign relations, and ecclesiastical affairs. Its annalistic structure makes it especially useful for establishing chronology and tracing the development of events year by year. Complementing it, Robert of Avesbury’s De gestis mirabilibus regis Edwardi tertii is a rich documentary chronicle preserving letters, treaties, and official records alongside narrative passages. It is an indispensable source for understanding Edward III’s claim to the French crown, the conduct of war, and the mechanisms of medieval diplomacy. Together, these works offer scholars, students, and enthusiasts a reliable and unembellished account of a transformative period in English and European history. Essential for anyone interested in medieval chronicles, the Hundred Years’ War, or the reign of Edward III.
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On 10th May 1698 [her son] Fitzroy Lee was born to Edward Lee 1st Earl Lichfield [aged 35] and Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield [aged 33]. He a grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 2nd January 1699 [her son-in-law] Benedict Calvert 4th Baron Baltimore [aged 19] and Charlotte Lee Baroness Baltimore [aged 19] were married. She by marriage Baroness Baltimore of Longford in Leinster. She the daughter of Edward Lee 1st Earl Lichfield [aged 35] and Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield [aged 34].
On 2nd January 1700 [her son] Fitzroy Henry Lee was born to Edward Lee 1st Earl Lichfield [aged 36] and Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield [aged 35]. He a grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 24th June 1701 [her son] William Lee was born to Edward Lee 1st Earl Lichfield [aged 38] and Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield [aged 36]. He a grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 25th August 1703 [her son] Thomas Lee was born to Edward Lee 1st Earl Lichfield [aged 40] and Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield [aged 38]. He a grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 3rd December 1704 [her son] John Lee was born to Edward Lee 1st Earl Lichfield [aged 41] and Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield [aged 40]. He a grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 25th November 1705 Robert "Beau Handsome" Fielding [aged 55] and [her mother] Barbara Villiers 1st Duchess of Cleveland [aged 64] were married bigamously. She the daughter of [her grandfather] William Villiers 2nd Viscount Grandison and [her grandmother] Mary Bayning Countess Anglesey.
On 31st December 1705 Catherine of Braganza Queen Consort England [aged 67] died at the Bemposta Palace some twenty years after the death of her husband [her father] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She was buried at Monastery of São Vicente de Fora.
On 3rd July 1706 [her son] Robert Lee 4th Earl Lichfield was born to Edward Lee 1st Earl Lichfield [aged 43] and Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield [aged 41]. He a grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. He married 29th May 1745 Catherine Lee Countess of Lichfield, daughter of John Stonhouse 3rd Baronet and Penelope Dashwood.
On 3rd January 1708 [her son] Charles Lee [aged 19] died.
On 9th October 1709 [her mother] Barbara Villiers 1st Duchess of Cleveland [aged 68] died at Chiswick Mall. Her son [her illegitimate brother] Charles [aged 47] succeeded 2nd Duke Cleveland, 2nd Earl of Southampton and 2nd Baron Nonsuch. [her sister-in-law] Anne Pulteney Duchess Southampton Duchess of Cleveland [aged 45] by marriage Duchess Cleveland.
In 1711 [her son] James Lee [aged 29] died.
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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On 21st October 1713 [her son] Edward Henry Lee [aged 32] died.
In 1716 [her daughter] Anne Lee [aged 29] died.
After 1716. Monument in All Saints Church, Spelsbury [Map] to Edward Lee 1st Earl Lichfield [aged 52] and Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield [aged 51] (natural daughter of [her father] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland).
On 28th June 1716 [her illegitimate brother] George Fitzroy 1st Duke Northumberland [aged 50] died at Epsom, Surrey without legitimate issue. Duke Northumberland, Earl of Northumberland, Viscount Falmouth, Baron Pontefract extinct.
Before 1718 Godfrey Kneller [aged 71]. Portrait of Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield [aged 53].
On 17th February 1718 Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield [aged 53] died. She a natural daughter of [her father] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
Kings Wessex: Great x 18 Grand Daughter of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings Gwynedd: Great x 15 Grand Daughter of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd
Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 21 Grand Daughter of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth
Kings Powys: Great x 16 Grand Daughter of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys
Kings Godwinson: Great x 17 Grand Daughter of King Harold II of England
Kings England: Daughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland
Kings Scotland: Great x 17 Grand Daughter of King Duncan I of Scotland
Kings Franks: Great x 24 Grand Daughter of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor
Kings France: Great Grand Daughter of Henry IV King France
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 22 Grand Daughter of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Stewart 3rd Earl Lennox 
5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Matthew Stewart 4th Earl Lennox 4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabel or Elizabeth Stewart Countess Lennox 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Henry "Lord Darnley" Stewart Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Archibald Douglas 6th Earl Angus 
10 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Douglas Countess Lennox Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Tudor Queen Scotland 
Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 1 Grandfather: King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: King James IV of Scotland 
4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: King James V of Scotland Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Tudor Queen Scotland Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 2 Grandmother: Mary Queen of Scots Great Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Claude Lorraine 1st Duke Guise 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Mary of Guise Queen Consort Scotland 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Antoinette Bourbon Duchess of Guise 
5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
GrandFather: King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland 
Son of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Frederick I of Denmark 
Great x 3 Grandfather: Christian III King of Denmark 10 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anna of Brandenburg 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Frederick II King of Denmark 11 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Dorothea of Saxe Lauenburg Queen Consort Denmark and Norway
Great x 1 Grandmother: Anne of Denmark Queen Consort Scotland England and Ireland 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Albrecht VII Duke Mecklenburg
Great x 3 Grandfather: Ulrich Mecklenburg-Schwerin 11 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anna Hohenzollern Duchess Mecklenburg 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Sophie Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Father: King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland Son of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Francis Bourbon Count Vendôme and Soissons 6 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Charles Bourbon Duke Vendôme 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Marie Luxemburg Countess Vendôme and Soissons 
4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Antoine King Navarre 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Rene Valois Duke Alençon 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Françoise Valois Countess Vendôme 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Lorraine Duchess Alençon 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Henry IV King France 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Jean III King Navarre 6 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: King Henry II of Navarre 7 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Catherine Grailly I Queen Navarre 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Jeanne Albret III Queen Navarre 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Charles Valois Orléans Count Angoulême 6 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Marguerite Valois Orléans Queen Consort Navarre 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Louise of Savoy Countess Angoulême 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
GrandMother: Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Lodovico de Medici aka Giovanni delle Bande Nere
Great x 3 Grandfather: Cosimo I de Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany
Great x 2 Grandfather: Francesco I de Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany
Great x 1 Grandmother: Marie de Medici Queen Consort France 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Philip "Handsome Fair" King Castile 4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor 4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Joanna "The Mad" Trastámara Queen Castile 
3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Joanna of Austria Grand Duchess Tuscany 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Vladislaus II King Hungary 8 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne Jagiellon 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anna Foix Queen Consort of Hungary and Bohemia 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield Daughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Villiers 
Great x 3 Grandfather: William Villiers of Brooksby Leicestershire
Great x 2 Grandfather: George Villiers of Brokesby
Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard Clarke
Great x 3 Grandmother: Collette Clarke
Great x 1 Grandfather: Edward Villiers
Great x 3 Grandfather: William Saunders of Harrington Northamptonshire
Great x 2 Grandmother: Audrey Saunders
GrandFather: William Villiers 2nd Viscount Grandison 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John St John 
8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Nicholas St John 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Carew 
5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: John St John 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard Blount of Mapledurham in Oxfordshire 
12 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Blount 13 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Barbara St John 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Walter Hungerford 1st Baron Hungerford Heytesbury 
9 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Walter Hungerford 10 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Susan Danvers 
Great x 2 Grandmother: Lucy Hungerford 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Dormer 
Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne Dormer
Great x 4 Grandmother: Mary Sidney 
Mother: Barbara Villiers 1st Duchess of Cleveland 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Paul Bayning 1st Viscount Bayning 
GrandMother: Mary Bayning Countess Anglesey 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Henry Glemham
Great x 1 Grandmother: Anne Glemham Viscountess Bayning 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard Sackville 
7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas Sackville 1st Earl Dorset 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Winifred Brydges Marchioness Winchester
Great x 2 Grandmother: Anne Sackville 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Baker
Great x 3 Grandmother: Cicely Baker Countess Dorset
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Dinley