Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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Orkney Southern Islands is in Orkney Islands.
Banks Chambered Cairn is also in Orkney Chambered Cairns Unspecified Type.
3000BC. Banks Chambered Cairn [Map], aka the Tomb of the Otters, was found in Sep 2010. The tomb is quarried out of solid bedrock. It has six chambers. Approximately 2000 human bones were excavated from one of the chambers including adults, children and babies. More recent excavations of the entrance and passageway in March 2012 revealed another 1000 human bones. Recent carbon dating shows the very last bones to be deposited in the passageway in 3021 BC.
Carbon Date. 908BC. Early Iron Age Carbon Dates
Report: Peat underlying structural stone at N end of Site 1 at Liddle Farm, South Ronaldsay, Orkney, Scotland. Comment (subm): OXTL-189b-i for burnt stone produced TL date given as 1000 BC to 400 BC, median date 590 BC.
ID: 775, C14 ID: SRR-525 Date BP: 2908 +/- 45, Start Date BP: 2863, End BP: 2953
OS Letter: ND, OS East: 841, OS North: 465
Archaeologist Name: J W Hedges
Reference Name: Archaeometry, 18, 1976, 5-17; Proc Soc Antiq Scot, 106, 1974-5 39-98; Renfrew, C (ed), The prehistory of Orkney (1985) (for calibration and synthesis)
Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767
Carbon Date. 826BC. Early Iron Age Carbon Dates
Report: Organic material at bottom of large stone cooking trough at Liddle Farm Site 1, South Ronaldsay, Orkney, Scotland.
ID: 776, C14 ID: SRR-701 Date BP: 2826 +/- 75, Start Date BP: 2751, End BP: 2901
OS Letter: ND, OS East: 841, OS North: 465
Archaeologist Name: J W Hedges
Reference Name: Archaeometry, 18, 1976, 5-17; Proc Soc Antiq Scot, 106, 1974-5, 39-98; Renfrew, C (ed), The prehistory of Orkney (1985) (calibration and synthesis)
Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767
Carbon Date. 220BC. Middle Iron Age Carbon Dates
Report: Animal bone, A2, from Six Cairns, Banks Head, South Ronaldsay, Orkney Islands, off Scotland. Subm A C Renfrew 1987. Comment (subm): date series indicates two phases of activity, around beginning of 1st millennium AD and around AD 1000; but there are no artefacts to relate to these dates. [Ed: see extensive comment in ref. below.]
ID: 6754, C14 ID: OxA-1288 Date BP: 2220 +/- 70, Start Date BP: 2150, End BP: 2290
OS Letter: ND, OS East: 461, OS North: 832
Archaeologist Name: A C Renfrew
Reference Name: Archaeometry, 30, 1988, 297-8
Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767
Carbon Date. 1110. Late Medieval
Report: Shell, A4, from Six Cairns, Banks Head, South Ronaldsay, Orkney Islands, off Scotland. Subm A C Renfrew 1987. Comment (subm): date series indicates two phases of activity, around beginning of 1st millennium AD and around AD 1000; but there are no artefacts to relate to these dates. Comment (lab): correction for marine reservoir effect is necessary if the two shell dates hence are to be directly compared with the dates on bone; this correction is in the order of 405 40 years giving a reservoir-adjusted age of 485 80 for this date. [Ed: see extensive comment in ref. below.]
ID: 6752, C14 ID: OxA-1287 Date BP: 890 +/- 70, Start Date BP: 820, End BP: 960
OS Letter: ND, OS East: 461, OS North: 832
Archaeologist Name: A C Renfrew
Reference Name: Archaeometry, 30, 1988, 297-8
Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767
Carbon Date. 640. Early Medieval
Report: Shell, D9, from Six Cairns, Banks Head, South Ronaldsay, Orkney Islands, off Scotland. Subm A C Renfrew 1987. Comment (subm): date series indicates two phases of activity, around beginning of 1st millennium AD and around AD 1000; but there are no artefacts to relate to these dates. Comment (lab): correction for marine reservoir effect is necessary if the two shell dates hence are to be directly compared with the dates on bone; this correction is in the order of 405 40 years giving a reservoir-adjusted age of 955 70 for this date. [Ed: see extensive comment in ref. below.]
ID: 6751, C14 ID: OxA-1286 Date BP: 1360 +/- 60, Start Date BP: 1300, End BP: 1420
OS Letter: ND, OS East: 461, OS North: 832
Archaeologist Name: A C Renfrew
Reference Name: Archaeometry, 30, 1988, 297-8
Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767
Carbon Date. 190. Late Iron Age Carbon Dates
Report: Animal bone, D11, from Six Cairns, Banks Head, South Ronaldsay, Orkney Islands, off Scotland. Subm A C Renfrew 1987. Comment (subm): date series indicates two phases of activity, around beginning of 1st millennium AD and around AD 1000; but there are no artefacts to relate to these dates. [Ed: see extensive comment in ref. below.]
ID: 6753, C14 ID: OxA-1285 Date BP: 1810 +/- 80, Start Date BP: 1730, End BP: 1890
OS Letter: ND, OS East: 461, OS North: 832
Archaeologist Name: A C Renfrew
Reference Name: Archaeometry, 30, 1988, 297-8
Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767
Carbon Date. 1030. Late Medieval
Report: Animal bone, D13, from Six Cairns, Banks Head, South Ronaldsay, Orkney Islands, off Scotland. Subm A C Renfrew 1987. Comment (subm): date series indicates two phases of activity, around beginning of 1st millennium AD and around AD 1000; but there are no artefacts to relate to these dates. [Ed: see extensive comment in ref. below.]
ID: 6750, C14 ID: OxA-1284 Date BP: 970 +/- 60, Start Date BP: 910, End BP: 1030
OS Letter: ND, OS East: 461, OS North: 832
Archaeologist Name: A C Renfrew
Reference Name: Archaeometry, 30, 1988, 297-8
Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767
Carbon Date. 1000. Late Medieval
Report: Animal bone, E17, from Six Cairns, Banks Head, South Ronaldsay, Orkney Islands, off Scotland. Subm A C Renfrew 1987. Comment (subm): date series indicates two phases of activity, around beginning of 1st millennium AD and around AD 1000; but there are no artefacts to relate to these dates. [Ed: see extensive comment in ref. below.]
ID: 6749, C14 ID: OxA-1283 Date BP: 1000 +/- 60, Start Date BP: 940, End BP: 1060
OS Letter: ND, OS East: 461, OS North: 832
Archaeologist Name: A C Renfrew
Reference Name: Archaeometry, 30, 1988, 297-8
Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767
