Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.

In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.

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Bishops of Scotland

Bishops of Scotland is in Scotland Lords Spiritual.

Bishop Aberdeen

Around January 1547 William Gordon Bishop Aberdeen was consecrated as Bishop Aberdeen.

Bishop Argyll

In 1497 David Hamilton Bishop Argyll was appointed Bishop Argyll.

Bishop Brechin

John Hepburn Bishop Brechin was appointed Bishop Brechin.

Bishop Caithness

On 14th December 1517 Andrew Stewart Bishop Caithness was appointed Bishop Caithness.

Bishop Isles

In 1510 George Hepburn Bishop Isles [aged 56] was appointed Bishop Isles.

Bishop of Dunkeld

In 1288 Bishop Matthew de Crambeth was consecrated Bishop of Dunkeld.

Bishop Gavin Douglas was appointed Bishop of Dunkeld.

Bishop of Glasgow

On 29th January 1273 Bishop Robert Wishart was consecrated Bishop of Glasgow.

Bishop Floris Gerulfing was appointed Bishop of Glasgow.

Bishop of Moray

Memoires of Jacques du Clercq

This is a translation of the 'Memoires of Jacques du Clercq', published in 1823 in two volumes, edited by Frederic, Baron de Reissenberg. In his introduction Reissenberg writes: 'Jacques du Clercq tells us that he was born in 1424, and that he was a licentiate in law and a counsellor to Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, in the castellany of Douai, Lille, and Orchies. It appears that he established his residence at Arras. In 1446, he married the daughter of Baldwin de la Lacherie, a gentleman who lived in Lille. We read in the fifth book of his Memoirs that his father, also named Jacques du Clercq, had married a lady of the Le Camelin family, from Compiègne. His ancestors, always attached to the counts of Flanders, had constantly served them, whether in their councils or in their armies.' The Memoires cover a period of nineteen years beginning in in 1448, ending in in 1467. It appears that the author had intended to extend the Memoirs beyond that date; no doubt illness or death prevented him from carrying out this plan. As Reissenberg writes the 'merit of this work lies in the simplicity of its narrative, in its tone of good faith, and in a certain air of frankness which naturally wins the reader’s confidence.' Du Clercq ranges from events of national and international importance, including events of the Wars of the Roses in England, to simple, everyday local events such as marriages, robberies, murders, trials and deaths, including that of his own father in Book 5; one of his last entries.

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In 1171 Bishop Simon de Tosny was appointed Bishop of Moray.

On 23rd January 1172 Bishop Simon de Tosny was consecrated Bishop of Moray. See Chronicum Anglicanum by Ralph of Coggeshall.

On 28th June 1299 Bishop David de Moravia was consecrated Bishop of Moray at Anagni by Matthew of Aquasparta, Cardinal-Bishop of Porto.

On 30th March 1326 John de Pilmuir was consecrated Bishop of Moray at Avignon [Map] by Pope John XXII.

In 1482 Bishop Andrew Stewart [aged 39] was appointed Bishop of Moray.

On 26th November 1501 Bishop Andrew Forman [aged 36] was appointed Bishop of Moray.

Bishop of St Andrews

On 4th August 1279 Bishop William Fraser was elected Bishop of St Andrews.

In 1297 Bishop William de Lamberton was consecrated Bishop of St Andrews.

On 25th March 1306, King Robert the Bruce I of Scotland [aged 31] was crowned King Scotland at Scone Abbey [Map] by Bishop of St Andrews and Bishop Robert Wishart. Elizabeth Burgh Queen Consort Scotland [aged 22] was crowned Queen Consort Scotland. Christopher Seton [aged 28] and Bishop David de Moravia were present. He was wearing royal robes and vestments previously hidden from the English by Bishop Robert Wishart.

The following day, 26th March 1306, King Robert the Bruce I of Scotland was crowned by Isabella Countess Buchan whose family held the hereditary right to place the crown on the King's head; she had arrived too late for the coronation the day before. The right was held by her brother Duncan Fife 4th Earl Fife [aged 18] who was under-age and held by the English so she assumed the right in his place.

On 30th April 1388 Archbishop Alexander Neville [aged 47] was translated to Bishop of St Andrews. He never took possession of the see because the Scots acknowledged the Avignon papacy with their own candidate, Bishop Walter Trail.

Bishop Roger Beaumont was appointed Bishop of St Andrews.

The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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Bishop Walter Trail was appointed Bishop of St Andrews.