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Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
Parc Cwm aka Parc le Breos Chambered Tomb is in Gower Peninsula Glamorganshire, Prehistoric Wales Neolithic Burials.
Parc Cwm aka Parc le Breos Chambered Tomb [Map]. A trapezoidal cairn of rubble and its earth covering now removed. Around 22m long by 13m (at its widest), revetted by a low dry-stone wall.
Photograph of Parc Cwm aka Parc le Breos Chambered Tomb [Map] before restoration.
Carbon Date. 8625BC. Paleaolithic Carbon Dates
Report: Bone, id as large ungulate (butchered), PC15, from passage of chambered cairn at Parc le Breos Cwm [Map], Gower, West Glamorgan, Wales. Subm A Whittle. Comment (subm): this and OxA-6499 from animal bone, both very early, while unprecedented are not entirely unexpected. Lithic finds possibly from nearby caves, and these bones, may have been incorporated in the tomb during either one of the phases of mortuary deposition. Indeed, this particular sample was chosen specifically as representing a small sub-assemblage of animal bone displaying surface modifications characteristic of Late Pleistocene cave deposits. [Other dates in this series are for the 12 human individuals from the Neolithic mortuary population -- Ed. Further comment in refs.]
ID: 7636, C14 ID: OxA-6500 Date BP: 10625 +/- 80, Start Date BP: 10545, End BP: 10705
OS Letter: SS, OS East: 537, OS North: 898
Archaeologist Name: A Whittle
Reference Name: Archaeometry, 40, 1998, 445; Proc Prehist Soc, 64, 1998, 139-82
Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767
Become a Member via our Buy Me a Coffee page to read more.
Carbon Date. 5665BC. Mesolithic Carbon Dates
Report: Bone, id as dog skull [or badger: sources differ], PC14, from passage of chambered cairn at Parc le Breos Cwm [Map], Gower, West Glamorgan, Wales. Subm A Whittle. Comment (subm): this and OxA-6500 from animal bone, both very early, while unprecedented are not entirely unexpected. Lithic finds possibly from nearby caves, and these bones, may have been incorporated in the tomb during either one of the phases of mortuary deposition. [Other dates in this series are for the 12 human individuals from the Neolithic mortuary population -- Ed. Further comment in refs.]
ID: 7635, C14 ID: OxA-6499 Date BP: 7665 +/- 65, Start Date BP: 7600, End BP: 7730
OS Letter: SS, OS East: 537, OS North: 898
Archaeologist Name: A Whittle
Reference Name: Archaeometry, 40, 1998, 445; Proc Prehist Soc, 64, 1998, 139-82
Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767
Become a Member via our Buy Me a Coffee page to read more.
Carbon Date. 2875BC. Late Neolithic Carbon Dates
Report: Bone, id as human adult, PC8, from NE chamber of chambered cairn at Parc le Breos Cwm [Map], Gower, West Glamorgan, Wales. Subm A Whittle. Comment (subm): the 12 individuals selected for dating represent 30% of the mortuary population. The dates confirm the expected earlier Neolithic period, but leave unresolved questions of cairn style development within the Cotswold-Severn tradition. [Further comment in refs.]
ID: 7629, C14 ID: OxA-6493 Date BP: 4875 +/- 55, Start Date BP: 4820, End BP: 4930
OS Letter: SS, OS East: 537, OS North: 898
Archaeologist Name: A Whittle
Reference Name: Archaeometry, 40, 1998, 445; Proc Prehist Soc, 64, 1998, 139-82
Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767
Become a Member via our Buy Me a Coffee page to read more.
Carbon Date. 2850BC. Late Neolithic Carbon Dates
Report: Bone, id as human adult, PC11, from SE chamber of chambered cairn at Parc le Breos Cwm [Map], Gower, West Glamorgan, Wales. Subm A Whittle. Comment (subm): the 12 individuals selected for dating represent 30% of the mortuary population. The dates confirm the expected earlier Neolithic period, but leave unresolved questions of cairn style development within the Cotswold-Severn tradition. [Further comment in refs.]
ID: 7632, C14 ID: OxA-6496 Date BP: 4850 +/- 65, Start Date BP: 4785, End BP: 4915
OS Letter: SS, OS East: 537, OS North: 898
Archaeologist Name: A Whittle
Reference Name: Archaeometry, 40, 1998, 445; Proc Prehist Soc, 64, 1998, 139-82
Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767
Become a Member via our Buy Me a Coffee page to read more.
Carbon Date. 2805BC. Late Neolithic Carbon Dates
Report: Bone, id as human adult?male, PC7, from passage of chambered cairn at Parc le Breos Cwm [Map], Gower, West Glamorgan, Wales. Subm A Whittle. Comment (subm): the 12 individuals selected for dating represent 30% of the mortuary population. The dates confirm the expected earlier Neolithic period, but leave unresolved questions of cairn style development within the Cotswold-Severn tradition. [Further comment in refs.]
ID: 7628, C14 ID: OxA-6492 Date BP: 4805 +/- 55, Start Date BP: 4750, End BP: 4860
OS Letter: SS, OS East: 537, OS North: 898
Archaeologist Name: A Whittle
Reference Name: Archaeometry, 40, 1998, 445; Proc Prehist Soc, 64, 1998, 139-82
Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767
Become a Member via our Buy Me a Coffee page to read more.
Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
Carbon Date. 2780BC. Late Neolithic Carbon Dates
Report: Bone, id as human adult?male, PC3, from SW chamber of chambered cairn at Parc le Breos Cwm [Map], Gower, West Glamorgan, Wales. Subm A Whittle. Comment (subm): the 12 individuals selected for dating represent 30% of the mortuary population. The dates confirm the expected earlier Neolithic period, but leave unresolved questions of cairn style development within the Cotswold-Severn tradition. [Further comment in refs.]
ID: 7614, C14 ID: OxA-6488 Date BP: 4780 +/- 60, Start Date BP: 4720, End BP: 4840
OS Letter: SS, OS East: 537, OS North: 898
Archaeologist Name: A Whittle
Reference Name: Archaeometry, 40, 1998, 445; Proc Prehist Soc, 64, 1998, 139-82
Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767
Become a Member via our Buy Me a Coffee page to read more.
Carbon Date. 2710BC. Late Neolithic Carbon Dates
Report: Bone, id as human adult, PC6, from NW chamber of chambered cairn at Parc le Breos Cwm [Map], Gower, West Glamorgan, Wales. Subm A Whittle. Comment (subm): the 12 individuals selected for dating represent 30% of the mortuary population. The dates confirm the expected earlier Neolithic period, but leave unresolved questions of cairn style development within the Cotswold-Severn tradition. [Further comment in refs.]
ID: 7617, C14 ID: OxA-6491 Date BP: 4710 +/- 60, Start Date BP: 4650, End BP: 4770
OS Letter: SS, OS East: 537, OS North: 898
Archaeologist Name: A Whittle
Reference Name: Archaeometry, 40, 1998, 445; Proc Prehist Soc, 64, 1998, 139-82
Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767
Become a Member via our Buy Me a Coffee page to read more.
Carbon Date. 2690BC. Late Neolithic Carbon Dates
Report: Bone, id as human adult, PC2, from SE chamber of chambered cairn at Parc le Breos Cwm [Map], Gower, West Glamorgan, Wales. Subm A Whittle. Comment (subm): the 12 individuals selected for dating represent 30% of the mortuary population. The dates confirm the expected earlier Neolithic period, but leave unresolved questions of cairn style development within the Cotswold-Severn tradition.
ID: 7637, C14 ID: OxA-6641 Date BP: 4690 +/- 55, Start Date BP: 4635, End BP: 4745
OS Letter: SS, OS East: 537, OS North: 898
Archaeologist Name: A Whittle
Reference Name: Archaeometry, 40, 1998, 445; Proc Prehist Soc, 64, 1998, 139-82
Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767
Become a Member via our Buy Me a Coffee page to read more.
Carbon Date. 2685BC. Late Neolithic Carbon Dates
Report: Bone, id as human adult?male, PC1, from SE chamber of chambered cairn at Parc le Breos Cwm [Map], Gower, West Glamorgan, Wales. Subm A Whittle. Comment (subm): the 12 individuals selected for dating represent 30% of the mortuary population. The dates confirm the expected earlier Neolithic period, but leave unresolved questions of cairn style development within the Cotswold-Severn tradition. [Further comment in refs.]
ID: 7613, C14 ID: OxA-6487 Date BP: 4685 +/- 65, Start Date BP: 4620, End BP: 4750
OS Letter: SS, OS East: 537, OS North: 898
Archaeologist Name: A Whittle
Reference Name: Archaeometry, 40, 1998, 445; Proc Prehist Soc, 64, 1998, 139-82
Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767
Become a Member via our Buy Me a Coffee page to read more.
Carbon Date. 2660BC. Late Neolithic Carbon Dates
Report: Bone, id as human adult?male, PC5, from NW chamber of chambered cairn at Parc le Breos Cwm [Map], Gower, West Glamorgan, Wales. Subm A Whittle. Comment (subm): the 12 individuals selected for dating represent 30% of the mortuary population. The dates confirm the expected earlier Neolithic period, but leave unresolved questions of cairn style development within the Cotswold-Severn tradition. This determination and possibly OxA-6494, -6489 could indicate a rather longer span of continuous use for this tomb than that suggested for Hazleton North. [Further comment in refs.]
ID: 7616, C14 ID: OxA-6490 Date BP: 4660 +/- 60, Start Date BP: 4600, End BP: 4720
OS Letter: SS, OS East: 537, OS North: 898
Archaeologist Name: A Whittle
Reference Name: Archaeometry, 40, 1998, 445; Proc Prehist Soc, 64, 1998, 139-82
Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767
Become a Member via our Buy Me a Coffee page to read more.
Carbon Date. 2645BC. Late Neolithic Carbon Dates
Report: Bone, id as human adult, PC9, from NE chamber of chambered cairn at Parc le Breos Cwm [Map], Gower, West Glamorgan, Wales. Subm A Whittle. Comment (subm): the 12 individuals selected for dating represent 30% of the mortuary population. The dates confirm the expected earlier Neolithic period, but leave unresolved questions of cairn style development within the Cotswold-Severn tradition. This date and OxA-6489, -6490 could indicate a rather longer span of continuous use for this tomb than that suggested for Hazleton North. [Further comment in refs.]
ID: 7630, C14 ID: OxA-6494 Date BP: 4645 +/- 60, Start Date BP: 4585, End BP: 4705
OS Letter: SS, OS East: 537, OS North: 898
Archaeologist Name: A Whittle
Reference Name: Archaeometry, 40, 1998, 445; Proc Prehist Soc, 64, 1998, 139-82
Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767
Become a Member via our Buy Me a Coffee page to read more.
Carbon Date. 2445BC. Early Bronze Age Carbon Dates
Report: Bone, id as human adult?female, PC4, from SW chamber of chambered cairn at Parc le Breos Cwm [Map], Gower, West Glamorgan, Wales. Subm A Whittle. Comment (subm): the 12 individuals selected for dating represent 30% of the mortuary population. The dates confirm the expected earlier Neolithic period, but leave unresolved questions of cairn style development within the Cotswold-Severn tradition. This determination and possibly OxA-6494, -6490 could indicate a rather longer span of continuous use for this tomb than that suggested for Hazleton North. [Further comment in refs.]
ID: 7615, C14 ID: OxA-6489 Date BP: 4445 +/- 60, Start Date BP: 4385, End BP: 4505
OS Letter: SS, OS East: 537, OS North: 898
Archaeologist Name: A Whittle
Reference Name: Archaeometry, 40, 1998, 445; Proc Prehist Soc, 64, 1998, 139-82
Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767
Become a Member via our Buy Me a Coffee page to read more.
Carbon Date. 1750BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates
Report: Bone, id as human adult female, PC12, from passage of chambered cairn at Parc le Breos Cwm [Map], Gower, West Glamorgan, Wales. Subm A Whittle. Comment (subm): the 12 individuals selected for dating represent 30% of the mortuary population. The dates confirm the expected earlier Neolithic period, but leave unresolved questions of cairn style development within the Cotswold-Severn tradition. This date and OxA-6495 indicate a secondary phase of reuse of the monument for burial at a Late Neolithic or Beaker horizon, and invite questions about the chronological provenance of other undated passage mortuary deposits in transepted chambered cairns in southern Britain. [Further comment in refs.]
ID: 7633, C14 ID: OxA-6497 Date BP: 3750 +/- 55, Start Date BP: 3695, End BP: 3805
OS Letter: SS, OS East: 537, OS North: 898
Archaeologist Name: A Whittle
Reference Name: Archaeometry, 40, 1998, 445; Proc Prehist Soc, 64, 1998, 139-82
Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767
Become a Member via our Buy Me a Coffee page to read more.
Carbon Date. 1705BC. Middle Bronze Age Carbon Dates
Report: Bone, id as human subadult, PC10, from passage of chambered cairn at Parc le Breos Cwm [Map], Gower, West Glamorgan, Wales. Subm A Whittle. Comment (subm): the 12 individuals selected for dating represent 30% of the mortuary population. The dates confirm the expected earlier Neolithic period, but leave unresolved questions of cairn style development within the Cotswold-Severn tradition. This date and OxA-6497 indicate a secondary phase of reuse of the monument for burial at a Late Neolithic or Beaker horizon, and invite questions about the chronological provenance of other undated passage mortuary deposits in transepted chambered cairns in southern Britain. [Further comment in refs.]
ID: 7631, C14 ID: OxA-6495 Date BP: 3705 +/- 55, Start Date BP: 3650, End BP: 3760
OS Letter: SS, OS East: 537, OS North: 898
Archaeologist Name: A Whittle
Reference Name: Archaeometry, 40, 1998, 445; Proc Prehist Soc, 64, 1998, 139-82
Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767
Become a Member via our Buy Me a Coffee page to read more.
Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
Carbon Date. 315BC. Middle Iron Age Carbon Dates
Report: Bone, id as sheep [or roe deer: sources differ], PC13, from passage of chambered cairn at Parc le Breos Cwm [Map], Gower, West Glamorgan, Wales. Subm A Whittle. Comment (subm): This date, being in Iron Age, could represent either robbing of the monument or renewed curiosity about a potentially mythologised landscape. [Other dates in this series are for the 12 human individuals from the Neolithic mortuary population -- Ed. Further comment in refs.]
ID: 7634, C14 ID: OxA-6498 Date BP: 2315 +/- 50, Start Date BP: 2265, End BP: 2365
OS Letter: SS, OS East: 537, OS North: 898
Archaeologist Name: A Whittle
Reference Name: Archaeometry, 40, 1998, 445; Proc Prehist Soc, 64, 1998, 139-82
Council for British Archaeology (2012) Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates from Great Britain and Ireland [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1017767
Become a Member via our Buy Me a Coffee page to read more.