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The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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On 13th October 1613 Luisa de Guzman Queen Consort Portugal was born to Manuel Perez de Guzman y Silva 8th Duke of Medina Sidonia [aged 34].
In 1633 John IV King Portugal [aged 28] and Luisa de Guzman Queen Consort Portugal [aged 19] were married. She by marriage Duchess Braganza.
In 1636 [her father] Manuel Perez de Guzman y Silva 8th Duke of Medina Sidonia [aged 56] died.
On 25th November 1638 [her daughter] Catherine of Braganza Queen Consort England was born to [her husband] John IV King Portugal [aged 34] and Luisa de Guzman Queen Consort Portugal [aged 25] in Ducal Palace of Vila Viçosa, Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Vila Viçosa. She married 21st May 1662 King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland, son of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland and Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England.
On 1st December 1640 [her husband] John IV King Portugal [aged 36] was created IV King Portugal by popular revolt ending the sixty year period of the Iberian Union where Spain and Portugal had the same ruler. Luisa de Guzman Queen Consort Portugal [aged 27] by marriage Queen Consort Portugal.
On 21st August 1643 [her son] Alfonso VI King Portugal was born to [her husband] John IV King Portugal [aged 39] and Luisa de Guzman Queen Consort Portugal [aged 29]. He married 2nd August 1666 Marie Françoise Élisabeth of Savoy Queen Consort of Portugal, daughter of Charles Amadeus Duke of Nemours and Élisabeth Bourbon Vendôme.
On 26th April 1649 [her son] Peter II King Portugal was born to [her husband] John IV King Portugal [aged 45] and Luisa de Guzman Queen Consort Portugal [aged 35]. He married 1. 2nd April 1668 Marie Françoise Élisabeth of Savoy Queen Consort of Portugal, daughter of Charles Amadeus Duke of Nemours and Élisabeth Bourbon Vendôme, and had issue 2. 1687 Maria Sophia of Neuburg Queen Consort Portugal and had issue.
On 6th November 1656 [her husband] John IV King Portugal [aged 52] died. His son Alfonso [aged 13] succeeded King Portuagal.
On 21st May 1662 [her son-in-law] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 31] and Catherine of Braganza Queen Consort England [aged 23] were married at Portsmouth, Hampshire [Map]. She by marriage Queen Consort England. She the daughter of John IV King Portugal and Luisa de Guzman Queen Consort Portugal [aged 48]. He the son of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland and Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England [aged 52].
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 24th May 1662. That the [her son] King of Portugall [aged 18] is a very fool almost, and his mother [aged 48] do all, and he is a very poor Prince.
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The True Chronicles of Jean le Bel Volume 1 Chapters 1-60 1307-1342
The True Chronicles of Jean le Bel offer one of the most vivid and immediate accounts of 14th-century Europe, written by a knight who lived through the events he describes, and experienced some of them first hand. Covering the early decades of the Hundred Years’ War, this remarkable chronicle follows the campaigns of Edward III of England, the politics of France and the Low Countries, and the shifting alliances that shaped medieval warfare. Unlike later historians, Jean le Bel writes with a strong sense of eyewitness authenticity, drawing on personal experience and the testimony of fellow soldiers. His narrative captures not only battles and sieges, but also the realities of military life, diplomacy, and the ideals of chivalry that governed noble society. A key source for Jean Froissart, Le Bel’s chronicle stands on its own as a compelling and insightful work, at once historical record and literary achievement. This translation builds on the 1905 edition published in French by Jules Viard, adding extensive translations from other sources Rymer's Fœdera, the Chronicles of Adam Murimuth, William Nangis, Walter of Guisborough, a Bourgeois of Valenciennes, Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke and Richard Lescot to enrich the original text and Viard's notes.
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On 27th February 1666 Luisa de Guzman Queen Consort Portugal [aged 52] died.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 28th March 1666. Thence set them down at Pierces, and we home, where busy and at my chamber till 12 at night, and so to bed. This night, I am told, the Queene of Portugall [deceased], the mother to our Queene [aged 27], is lately dead, and newes brought of it hither this day1. 29th. All the morning hard at the office.
Note 1. Donna Luiza, the Queen Regent of Portugal. She was daughter of the Duke de Medina Sidonia and widow of Juan IV. The Court wore the deepest mourning on this occasion. The ladies were directed to wear their hair plain, and to appear without spots on their faces, the disfiguring fashion of patching having just been introduced.- Strickland's Queens of England, vol. viii., p. 362.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 1st April 1666. Thence meeting Dr. Allen, the physician, he and I and another walked in the Parke, a most pleasant warm day, and to the Queene's chappell; where I do not so dislike the musique. Here I saw on a post an invitation to all good Catholiques to pray for the soul of such a one departed this life. The Queene [aged 56], I hear, do not yet hear of the death of her mother, she being in a course of physique, that they dare not tell it her.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 22nd April 1666. Lord's Day. Up, and put on my new black coate, long down to my knees, and with Sir W. Batten [aged 65] to White Hall, where all in deep mourning for the [her daughter] Queene's [aged 27] mother. There had great discourse, before the Duke [aged 32] and Sir W. Coventry [aged 38] begun the discourse of the day about the purser's business, which I seconded, and with great liking to the Duke, whom however afterward my Lord Bruncker [aged 46] and Sir W. Pen [aged 44] did stop by some thing they said, though not much to the purpose, yet because our proposition had some appearance of certain charge to the [her son-in-law] King [aged 35] it was ruled that for this year we should try another the same in every respect with ours, leaving out one circumstance of allowing the pursers the victuals of all men short of the complement. I was very well satisfied with it and am contented to try it, wishing it may prove effectual.