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Westminster Chronicle of King Richard II, 1381-1394

The Westminster Chronicle is one of the most vivid and important narrative sources for the reign of Richard II. Written by an anonymous chronicler closely connected with Westminster Abbey, it covers the years 1381 to 1394, from the Peasants’ Revolt to the political tensions, court ceremonies, diplomatic negotiations, royal progresses, and public crises of Richard’s later reign. Rich in detail the chronicle records major events such as the conflicts between the King and Lords Appellant, King and the City of London, negotiations with France and Scotland, the death and funeral of Queen Anne of Bohemia, the illness of Charles VI of France, and the changing fortunes of leading nobles including John of Gaunt, Thomas of Gloucester, Robert de Vere, and the Earl of Arundel. The Chronicle offers readers a remarkable window into late fourteenth-century England, combining political observation, courtly spectacle, urban drama, ecclesiastical affairs, and moral judgement. It is an essential source for anyone interested in medieval monarchy, London, Westminster, and the troubled reign of Richard II.

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Earl Bessborough

Summary

1739. 1st. Brabazon Ponsonby 1st Earl Bessborough [aged 60] created.

4th July 1758. 2nd. Son William Ponsonby 2nd Earl Bessborough [aged 54] succeeded.

11th March 1793. 3rd. Son Frederick Ponsonby 3rd Earl Bessborough [aged 35] succeeded.

3rd February 1844. 4th. Son John Ponsonby 4th Earl Bessborough [aged 62] succeeded.

16th May 1847. 5th. Son John George Brabazon Ponsonby 5th Earl Bessborough [aged 37] succeeded.

28th January 1880. 6th. Brother Frederick George Brabazon Ponsonby 6th Earl Bessborough [aged 64] succeeded.

11th March 1895. 7th. Brother Walter William Brabazon Ponsonby 7th Earl Bessborough [aged 73] succeeded.

24th February 1906. 8th. Son Edward Ponsonby 8th Earl Bessborough [aged 54] succeeded.

1st December 1920. 9th. Son Vere Brabazon Ponsonby 9th Earl Bessborough [aged 40] succeeded.

1956. 10th. Son Frederick Edward Neuflize Ponsonby 10th Earl Bessborough [aged 42] succeeded.

5th December 1993. 11th. First Cousin Arthur Mountifort Longfield Ponsonby 11th Earl Bessborough [aged 80] succeeded.

5th April 2002. 12th. Son Myles Fitzhugh Ponsonby 12th Earl Bessborough [aged 61] succeeded.

In 1739 Brabazon Ponsonby 1st Earl Bessborough [aged 60] was created 1st Earl Bessborough.

On 4th July 1758 Brabazon Ponsonby 1st Earl Bessborough [aged 79] died. His son William [aged 54] succeeded 2nd Earl Bessborough, 3rd Viscount Duncannon of Duncannon in Wexford, 3rd Baron Bessborough of Bessborough in Kilkenny. Caroline Cavendish Countess Bessborough [aged 39] by marriage Countess Bessborough.

On 27th November 1780 Frederick Ponsonby 3rd Earl Bessborough [aged 22] and Henrietta Frances Spencer Countess Bessborough [aged 19] were married. She by marriage Countess Bessborough. She the daughter of John Spencer 1st Earl Spencer [aged 45] and Margaret Georgiana Poyntz Countess Spencer [aged 43]. He the son of William Ponsonby 2nd Earl Bessborough [aged 76] and Caroline Cavendish Countess Bessborough. They were fifth cousins.

On 11th March 1793 William Ponsonby 2nd Earl Bessborough [aged 89] died. His son Frederick [aged 35] succeeded 3rd Earl Bessborough, 4th Viscount Duncannon of Duncannon in Wexford, 4th Baron Bessborough of Bessborough in Kilkenny.

On 3rd February 1844 Frederick Ponsonby 3rd Earl Bessborough [aged 86] died. His son John [aged 62] succeeded 4th Earl Bessborough, 5th Viscount Duncannon of Duncannon in Wexford, 5th Baron Bessborough of Bessborough in Kilkenny.

On 16th May 1847 John Ponsonby 4th Earl Bessborough [aged 65] died. His son John [aged 37] succeeded 5th Earl Bessborough, 6th Viscount Duncannon of Duncannon in Wexford, 6th Baron Bessborough of Bessborough in Kilkenny.

On 4th October 1849 John George Brabazon Ponsonby 5th Earl Bessborough [aged 39] and Caroline Amelia Gordon-Lennox Countess Bessborough [aged 30] were married. She by marriage Countess Bessborough. She the daughter of Charles Gordon-Lennox 5th Duke Richmond [aged 58] and Caroline Paget Duchess Richmond [aged 53]. He the son of John Ponsonby 4th Earl Bessborough and Maria Fane. They were fifth cousins. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 28th January 1880 John George Brabazon Ponsonby 5th Earl Bessborough [aged 70] died. His brother Frederick [aged 64] succeeded 6th Earl Bessborough, 7th Viscount Duncannon of Duncannon in Wexford, 7th Baron Bessborough of Bessborough in Kilkenny..

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Chronicle of the Abbey of Evesham

The Chronicle of the Abbey of Evesham is a remarkable medieval history of one of England’s great Benedictine monasteries. Beginning with the abbey’s legendary and royal foundations, it traces the fortunes of Evesham through centuries of religious devotion, political conflict, legal struggle, rebuilding, reform, and royal patronage. At the heart of the chronicle is the abbey’s determination to defend its ancient liberties. Its monks record disputes with bishops, appeals to popes and papal legates, contested elections of abbots, lawsuits over lands and privileges, and the long struggle to preserve Evesham’s exemption from episcopal control. Alongside these institutional battles are vivid accounts of saints and miracles, including St Ecgwine, St Odulf and the royal martyr St Wistan, whose relics and cult formed an important part of the abbey’s identity. The chronicle also preserves a wealth of detail about everyday monastic life. It describes the building and repair of churches, cloisters, chapels, halls, mills, granges and fishponds; the acquisition of estates and revenues; the making of vestments, shrines, bells and liturgical books; and the provision of food, clothing, recreation and medical care for the monks. Successive abbots emerge not merely as religious superiors but as administrators, builders, patrons, diplomats and defenders of the community. Extending into the later Middle Ages, the narrative reflects the changing political world around Evesham, from the Norman Conquest and the Angevin kings to the Wars of the Roses and the reign of Henry VIII. The result is both a history of a single monastery and a richly detailed record of medieval English religious, legal, economic and political life. This edition offers modern readers direct access to one of the most important monastic chronicles of medieval England, revealing how the monks of Evesham understood their saints, their privileges, their rulers and their place in history.

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On 11th March 1895 Frederick George Brabazon Ponsonby 6th Earl Bessborough [aged 79] died. His brother Walter [aged 73] succeeded 7th Earl Bessborough, 8th Viscount Duncannon of Duncannon in Wexford, 8th Baron Bessborough of Bessborough in Kilkenny. Louisa Susan Cornwallis Eliot Countess Bessborough [aged 69] by marriage Countess Bessborough.

On 24th February 1906 Walter William Brabazon Ponsonby 7th Earl Bessborough [aged 84] died. His son Edward [aged 54] succeeded 8th Earl Bessborough, 9th Viscount Duncannon of Duncannon in Wexford, 9th Baron Bessborough of Bessborough in Kilkenny. Blanche Vere Guest Countess Bessborough [aged 59] by marriage Countess Bessborough.

On 1st December 1920 Edward Ponsonby 8th Earl Bessborough [aged 69] died. His son Vere [aged 40] succeeded 9th Earl Bessborough, 10th Viscount Duncannon of Duncannon in Wexford, 10th Baron Bessborough of Bessborough in Kilkenny.

In 1956 Vere Brabazon Ponsonby 9th Earl Bessborough [aged 76] died. His son Frederick [aged 42] succeeded 10th Earl Bessborough, 11th Viscount Duncannon of Duncannon in Wexford, 11th Baron Bessborough of Bessborough in Kilkenny.

On 5th April 2002 Arthur Mountifort Longfield Ponsonby 11th Earl Bessborough [aged 89] died. His son Myles [aged 61] succeeded 12th Earl Bessborough, 13th Viscount Duncannon of Duncannon in Wexford, 13th Baron Bessborough of Bessborough in Kilkenny.