The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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Paternal Family Tree: Willoughby
Maternal Family Tree: Emmeline Riddlesford 1223-1276
Before 1st October 1369 [his father] Robert Willoughby 4th Baron Willoughby [aged 20] and [his mother] Margery Zouche Baroness Willoughby of Eresby [aged 30] were married. They were sixth cousins.
Around 1370 William Willoughby 5th Baron Willoughby was born to [his father] Robert Willoughby 4th Baron Willoughby [aged 21] and [his mother] Margery Zouche Baroness Willoughby of Eresby [aged 31].
On 29th March 1372 [his grandfather] John Willoughby 3rd Baron Willoughby [aged 49] died. His son [his father] Robert [aged 23] succeeded 4th Baron Willoughby de Eresby. [his mother] Margery Zouche Baroness Willoughby of Eresby [aged 33] by marriage Baroness Willoughby de Eresby.
He was buried at St James' Church, Spilsby [Map]. Early Plate Bascinet Period.
John Willoughby 3rd Baron Willoughby:
In 1323 he was born to John Willoughby 2nd Baron Willoughby and Joan Roscelyn Baroness Willoughby and Latimer at Willoughby-on-the-Wolds, Nottinghamshire [Map].
Before 1349 John Willoughby 3rd Baron Willoughby and Cecily Ufford Baroness Willoughby of Eresby were married. When John married Cecily he changed his arms from
Willoughby Arms to
Willoughby de Eresby Arms. She the daughter of Robert Ufford 1st Earl Suffolk and Margaret Norwich Countess Suffolk.
Margery Zouche Baroness Willoughby of Eresby: Around 1339 she was born to William Zouche 2nd Baron Zouche Harringworth and Elizabeth Ros Baroness Zouche Harringworth. Before 1st October 1369 Robert Willoughby 4th Baron Willoughby and she were married. They were sixth cousins. On 18th October 1391 Margery Zouche Baroness Willoughby of Eresby died.


On 14th June 1381 the mob gained access to the Tower of London [Map] capturing Joan "Fair Maid of Kent" Princess Wales [aged 52], the future King Henry IV of England [aged 14], [his future wife] Joan Holland Duchess York [aged 1] and Archbishop Simon Sudbury [aged 65].
Archbishop Simon Sudbury was beheaded at Tower Hill [Map]. He was buried at Canterbury Cathedral [Map].
Lord Treasurer Robert Hales [aged 56], who had only been appointed on the 1st February 1381, was beheaded at Tower Hill [Map].
After 3rd January 1383 William Willoughby 5th Baron Willoughby [aged 13] and Lucy Strange Baroness Willoughby Eresby were married. They were third cousins.
In 1384 [his daughter] Elizabeth Willoughby Baroness Beaumont was born to William Willoughby 5th Baron Willoughby [aged 14] and [his wife] Lucy Strange Baroness Willoughby Eresby. She married before 1387 her third cousin once removed Henry Beaumont 5th Baron Beaumont, son of John Beaumont 4th Baron Beaumont and Katherine Everingham Baroness Beaumont, and had issue.
Around 1385 [his son] Robert Willoughby 6th Baron Willoughby was born to William Willoughby 5th Baron Willoughby [aged 15] and [his wife] Lucy Strange Baroness Willoughby Eresby. He married (1) before 21st February 1421 his half fifth cousin once removed Elizabeth Montagu Baroness Willoughby Eresby, daughter of John Montagu 3rd Earl Salisbury and Maud Francis Countess of Salisbury, and had issue (2) before 8th January 1449 his sixth cousin Maud Stanhope 4th Baroness Cromwell Baroness Willoughby of Eresby.
Before 1387 [his son-in-law] Henry Beaumont 5th Baron Beaumont [aged 6] and [his daughter] Elizabeth Willoughby Baroness Beaumont [aged 2] were married. She by marriage Baroness Beaumont. They were third cousin once removed. He a great x 4 grandson of King Henry III of England.
Around 1387 [his son] Thomas Willoughby of Parham was born to William Willoughby 5th Baron Willoughby [aged 17] and [his wife] Lucy Strange Baroness Willoughby Eresby. He married his second cousin once removed Joan Fitzalan and had issue.
After 17th October 1388 [his father] Robert Willoughby 4th Baron Willoughby [aged 39] and [his step-mother] Elizabeth Latimer 5th Baroness Latimer, Baroness Neville and Willoughby [aged 31] were married. She by marriage Baroness Willoughby de Eresby. They were fifth cousin once removed.
On 18th October 1391 [his mother] Margery Zouche Baroness Willoughby of Eresby [aged 52] died.
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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On 4th November 1393 Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York [aged 52] and [his future wife] Joan Holland Duchess York [aged 13] were married. She by marriage Duchess York. The difference in their ages was 38 years. She the daughter of Thomas Holland 2nd Earl Kent [aged 43] and [his future mother-in-law] Alice Fitzalan Countess Kent [aged 43]. He the son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainaut Queen Consort England. They were half second cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
Around 1394 [his daughter] Margaret Willoughby was born to William Willoughby 5th Baron Willoughby [aged 24] and [his wife] Lucy Strange Baroness Willoughby Eresby. She married Thomas Skipwith and had issue.
Before July 1396 [his brother] Thomas Willoughby [aged 16] and Elizabeth Neville [aged 12] were married. They were step-brother and sister since his father Robert Willoughby 4th Baron Willoughby [aged 47] married her mother Elizabeth Latimer 5th Baroness Latimer, Baroness Neville and Willoughby in 1388. They were fifth cousins. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England.
On 9th August 1396 [his father] Robert Willoughby 4th Baron Willoughby [aged 47] died. His son William [aged 26] succeeded 5th Baron Willoughby de Eresby. [his wife] Lucy Strange Baroness Willoughby Eresby by marriage Baroness Willoughby de Eresby.
In or before 1397 [his daughter] Margery Willoughby Baroness Fitzhugh was born to William Willoughby 5th Baron Willoughby [aged 26] and [his wife] Lucy Strange Baroness Willoughby Eresby. She married before 18th November 1406 her fifth cousin once removed William Fitzhugh 4th Baron Fitzhugh, son of Henry Fitzhugh 3rd Baron Fitzhugh and Elizabeth Grey Baroness Fitzhugh, and had issue.
On 29th September 1399 King Richard II of England [aged 32] abdicated King of England at the Tower of London [Map]. William Ros 6th Baron Ros Helmsley [aged 29], Thomas Grey [aged 40], William Willoughby 5th Baron Willoughby [aged 29], Hugh Burnell 2nd Baron Burnell [aged 52] and Thomas Rempston were present.
After 7th January 1400. The names of the lords who were present at the said declaration are as follows:
Henry, prince of Wales [aged 13].
Edmund, duke of York [aged 58].
Edward, earl of Rutland [aged 27].
Thomas, earl of Arundel [aged 18].
John, earl of Somerset [aged 27].
Edmund, earl of Stafford [aged 21].
Henry, earl of Northumberland [aged 58].
Ralph, earl of Westmorland [aged 36].
Thomas, earl of Worcester [aged 57].
Michael, earl of Suffolk [aged 39].
Richard, Lord Grey of Codnor [aged 29].
Thomas, Lord Berkeley [aged 48].
John, Lord Charlton.
Reginald, Lord Grey of Ruthin [aged 38].
Thomas, Lord Camoys [aged 49].
Thomas, Lord Furnivall [aged 38].
Robert, Lord Scales [aged 28].
John, Lord Beaumont.
William, Lord Willoughby [aged 30].
Hugh, Lord Burnell [aged 53].
William, Lord Ferrers of Groby [aged 27].
William, Lord Bergavenny [aged 57].
John, Lord Lovell [aged 59].
Robert, Lord Harrington [aged 44].
Richard Lescrope [aged 73].
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In 1401 William Willoughby 5th Baron Willoughby [aged 31] was appointed 100th Knight of the Garter by King Henry IV of England [aged 33].
Before 9th August 1404 William Willoughby 5th Baron Willoughby [aged 34] and Joan Holland Duchess York [aged 24] were married. She by marriage Baroness Willoughby de Eresby. She the daughter of Thomas Holland 2nd Earl Kent and Alice Fitzalan Countess Kent [aged 54]. They were fifth cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
In October 1405 [his sister-in-law] Eleanor Holland Countess March and Ulster [aged 34] died.
Before 18th November 1406 [his son-in-law] William Fitzhugh 4th Baron Fitzhugh [aged 7] and [his daughter] Margery Willoughby Baroness Fitzhugh [aged 9] were married. They were fifth cousin once removed.
On 24th January 1407 [his brother-in-law] Edmund Holland 4th Earl Kent [aged 23] and Lucia Visconti Countess Kent [aged 27] were married at Southwark Cathedral [Map]. She by marriage Countess Kent. He was killed eighteen month's later at the Battle of Île de Bréhat. He the son of Thomas Holland 2nd Earl Kent and [his mother-in-law] Alice Fitzalan Countess Kent [aged 57].
On 15th September 1408 [his brother-in-law] Edmund Holland 4th Earl Kent [aged 24] was killed at Île de Bréhat. He was buried in Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire [Map]. Earl Kent extinct. Baron Holand, Baron Wake of Liddell abeyant. See Walsingham.
On 4th December 1409 William Willoughby 5th Baron Willoughby [aged 39] died at Edgefield, Norfolk. He was buried at St James' Church, Spilsby [Map]. His son Robert [aged 24] succeeded 6th Baron Willoughby de Eresby.
After 6th September 1410 Henry Scrope 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham [aged 37] and [his former wife] Joan Holland Duchess York [aged 30] were married. She by marriage Baroness Scrope of Masham. She the daughter of Thomas Holland 2nd Earl Kent and [his former mother-in-law] Alice Fitzalan Countess Kent [aged 60]. They were fifth cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
Before 27th April 1416 Henry Bromflete 1st Baron Vesci [aged 27] and [his former wife] Joan Holland Duchess York [aged 36] were married. She the daughter of Thomas Holland 2nd Earl Kent and [his former mother-in-law] Alice Fitzalan Countess Kent [deceased]. They were half fifth cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
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On 12th April 1434 [his former wife] Joan Holland Duchess York [aged 54] died.
Kings Wessex: Great x 11 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings Gwynedd: Great x 12 Grand Son of Maredudd ab Owain King Deheubarth King Powys King Gwynedd
Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 14 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth
Kings Powys: Great x 12 Grand Son of Maredudd ab Owain King Deheubarth King Powys King Gwynedd
Kings England: Great x 7 Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Kings Scotland: Great x 10 Grand Son of King Duncan I of Scotland
Kings Franks: Great x 19 Grand Son of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor
Kings France: Great x 12 Grand Son of Hugh I King of the Franks
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 16 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert Willoughby
Great x 3 Grandfather: William Willoughby
Great x 4 Grandmother: Alice or Margaret Orreby
Great x 2 Grandfather: Robert Willoughby 1st Baron Willoughby
Great x 3 Grandmother: Alice Beke
Great x 4 Grandmother: Sarah Furnival
Great x 1 Grandfather: John Willoughby 2nd Baron Willoughby
7 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Deincourt
Great x 3 Grandfather: Edmund Deincourt 1st Baron Deincourt
Great x 4 Grandmother: Agnes Neville
Great x 2 Grandmother: Margaret Deincourt Baroness Willoughby of Eresby 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Reginald Mohun
Great x 3 Grandmother: Isabel Mohun Baroness Deincourt
5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabel Ferrers
4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
GrandFather: John Willoughby 3rd Baron Willoughby
8 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Joan Roscelyn Baroness Willoughby and Latimer
Father: Robert Willoughby 4th Baron Willoughby
9 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Robert Ufford 1st Baron Ufford
Great x 1 Grandfather: Robert Ufford 1st Earl Suffolk
GrandMother: Cecily Ufford Baroness Willoughby of Eresby
Great x 2 Grandfather: Walter Norwich
Great x 1 Grandmother: Margaret Norwich Countess Suffolk
William Willoughby 5th Baron Willoughby
7 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Roger Zouche
Great x 3 Grandfather: Eudo Zouche
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Bisset
Great x 2 Grandfather: William Zouche 1st Baron Zouche Harringworth
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Cantilupe
Great x 3 Grandmother: Millicent Cantilupe
Great x 4 Grandmother: Eva de Braose
Great x 1 Grandfather: Eudo Zouche
6 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Lovell
3 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 3 Grandfather: John Lovell 1st Baron Lovel
4 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Maud Sydenham
Great x 2 Grandmother: Maud Lovell Baroness Zouche Harringworth
5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert Ros
Great x 3 Grandmother: Joan Ros Baroness Lovel
Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabel de Albini
GrandFather: William Zouche 2nd Baron Zouche Harringworth
7 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Mother: Margery Zouche Baroness Willoughby of Eresby
6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Ros
Great x 3 Grandfather: Robert Ros
Great x 4 Grandmother: Lucy Fitzpiers
Great x 2 Grandfather: William Ros 1st Baron Ros Helmsley
Great x 4 Grandfather: William de Albini
Great x 3 Grandmother: Isabel de Albini
Great x 1 Grandfather: William Ros 2nd Baron Ros Helmsley
Great x 4 Grandfather: Oliver Vaux
Great x 3 Grandfather: John Vaux
Great x 2 Grandmother: Maud Vaux Baroness Ros
GrandMother: Elizabeth Ros Baroness Zouche Harringworth
5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Gunselin Badlesmere
Great x 2 Grandfather: Bartholomew Badlesmere 1st Baron Badlesmere
Great x 3 Grandmother: Joan Fitzbernard
Great x 1 Grandmother: Margery Badlesmere Baroness Ros of Helmsley
4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard de Clare 6th Earl Gloucester 5th Earl Hertford
3 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas de Clare
4 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Maud Lacy Countess Gloucester and Hertford
4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Margaret Clare Baroness Badlesmere
3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Maurice Fitzgerald 4th Lord Offaly
Great x 3 Grandmother: Juliana Fitzgerald
2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Emmeline Longespée Baroness Offaly
Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England