On this Day in History ... 1st July

History of the Dukes of Normandy by William of Jumieges. Soon afterward, having returned to Normandy, he [King William] ordered the church of Saint Mary at Jumièges to be dedicated with great honour. When this most holy rite was celebrated with the greatest reverence and with all festivity, he, the always devoted servant of the Bridegroom¹ of these mystical nuptials, was present in person with deepest devotion of heart. This dedication was completed with spiritual rejoicing by these bishops, in the year of the Lord's Incarnation 1067, on the Kalends of July [1st July 1067], namely Maurilius, Archbishop of Rouen, and Baldwin, Bishop of Évreux. Maurilius, still living in that same month, laid aside the burden of the flesh on the fifth day before the Ides of August, departing free and rejoicing to live now with his King, Christ. He was succeeded by John, bishop of the city of Avranches, a man most distinguished in noble character, fortunately imbued in spiritual wisdom, and greatly endowed with worldly prudence, being, according to his noble lineage, the son of Count Rodulf. And since we have mentioned this Rodulf, it is fitting to recall a few things from earlier times.

Dehinc vero paulo post in Northmanniam regressus, ecclesiam Sanctæ Mariæ in Gemmetico cum honore magno dedicari jussit. Ubi, cum sacrosanctum hoc mysterium summa cum reverentia tam religiosissime quam festivissime celebraretur, ipse harum nuptiarum sponsi semper studiosus cultor devotissimo animo interfuit. Quam dedicationem hi episcopi cum spirituali jucunditate, 1067 Dominicæ Incarnationis anno, Kal. Julii compleverunt; Maurilius scilicet archiepiscopus Rothomagensis et Balduinus Ebroicencis. Maurilius archipræsul mense illo vivens, v Idus Augusti, carnis onere deposito, cum suo rege Christo jam victurus, liber et gaudens decessit. Cui successit Joannes Abrincatinæ urbis præsul, vir ingenuitate plurimum conspicuus sapientia spirituali feliciter imbutus, prudentia sæculari summe præditus, secundum quippe nobilitatem generis, comitis Rudolphi filius. Et quia hujus Rudolphi fecimus mentionem, libet superiora paulisper repetere.

Note 1. The 'Bridegroom' is Christ, the Bride, the holy church. A wedding is frequently used as a metaphor for the dedication of Saint Mary at Jumièges.

Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough. For some time now¹, between our dearest sons in Christ, Philip, the King of the French, on one side, and Edward, the illustrious King of England, on the other, due to the suggestion of the enemy of the human race, the adversary of peace, there had arisen material for discord and dissension over various matters. At length, however, these same kings, through their special envoys and agents duly authorized by them for this purpose, decided to refer the matter to us, Boniface, by Divine Providence Pope Boniface VIII, in our private capacity, and to Lord Benedict Gaetani, in the role of arbitrator, judge, umpire, decision-maker, friendly mediator, director, organizer, disposer, and pronouncer, to restore peace and concord between the said kings and concerning all matters related to peace, and concerning all and each of the disputes, wars, lawsuits, controversies, causes, questions, damages, and injuries, petitions and actions, whether real or personal or mixed, which had arisen or were arising, or could arise or come to be between the said kings on any occasion whatsoever, both high and low, they took care to fully and freely entrust and commit to arbitration, as is more fully contained in the public instruments of compromise drawn up thereon.

We therefore, the aforesaid Pope Boniface, who desire to bring disputes to an end, and especially between the aforesaid kings, whose peace we unceasingly seek, and whose prosperous outcomes we the more fervently wish to flourish, insofar as we pursue them with fuller affection and embrace them with purer charity, having received the said agreements of arbitration, and having held careful deliberation with ourselves, and having summoned the aforesaid envoys and agents to hear the arbitration, decision, mandate, and arbitral sentence, and they having been specially appointed for this purpose in our presence, to the praise of Almighty God, who is the author of peace and lover of salvation, and of His glorious Virgin Mother, we, acting as arbiter, arbitrator, judge, and friendly mediator, and also in our private person and in that of Benedict Gaetani, by virtue and authority of the aforementioned agreements and in every manner and by every right by which we best may, following the path of arbitration, judgment, and amicable composition, declare, arbitrate, judge, define, sentence by arbitration, command, order, arrange, and pronounce on this occasion that between the said kings there shall be and remain a perpetual and stable peace, and that the truces or voluntary armistices previously declared, undertaken, and agreed between them shall be inviolably observed, in the manner and form, and by all those persons and lands, and under the same penalties, conditions, and time periods under which they were declared, undertaken, and agreed.

And in order to confirm, strengthen, and preserve such peace, within a period of time which we shall see fit to determine, the aforementioned King of England shall receive and take Margaret, the sister of the aforesaid King of France, with a dowry of fifteen thousand pounds of Tours, to be assigned by the said King of England in suitable places as shall be agreed upon between the parties, or, if they do not reach agreement, as we shall arbitrate, as his wife; and the same King of France shall be bound to give and deliver his said sister to the said King of England in marriage, with a dispensation from the Apostolic See. And that Isabella, the daughter of the said King of France, who is said to be under the age of seven years, shall, at the proper time, be joined in marriage, with a similar dispensation, to Edward, son of the aforesaid King of England, who has already completed his thirteenth year, with a dowry of eighteen thousand pounds of Tours, similarly to be assigned by the said King of England for his said son in suitable places agreed upon by the parties, or as we shall arbitrate if they do not reach agreement on the matter. And this shall be ratified and made valid immediately, in the following manner, namely, that the said King of England, on behalf of his son, and the son himself, who is of sufficient age for this, shall contract the said betrothal, which shall be confirmed by the oaths of both the King and his son; and that the King of France, in the name of his said daughter, shall likewise contract this betrothal for her. In order for these to be valid and binding, we will, declare, and arbitrate that the King of France shall swear on his soul to deliver his said daughter to the aforesaid Edward in marriage, at the time agreed upon by them or arbitrated or judged by us. And for the faithful and full fulfilment of these matters, we declare, judge, and arbitrate that a penalty, as shall be agreed upon between the parties or, if they do not agree, to be arbitrated and assessed by us, shall be established and promised by both parties, to be paid by the party failing to perform to the party that does perform. Through this penalty, the matter shall be made secure, and the parties more effectively led to its final execution. We will, decree, and declare that the promise and obligation of this penalty shall be valid and binding, notwithstanding the laws which prohibit such penalties for the sake of matrimonial freedom, which laws we hereby, with full knowledge and for such a great good, suspend in this case.

Nevertheless adding that the aforesaid kings shall cause some of their more notable barons to bind themselves by oath to promote and secure the said betrothals and marriages, and to remove, to the best of their ability, any impediments that might be found in regard to or against this matter. And because we desire the aforesaid betrothals to reach a happy and effective outcome all the more, insofar as we reasonably believe that through this the aforesaid peace will be more firmly and faithfully observed, we therefore, for the sake of such a great good of peace, decree by apostolic authority that the land of whichever king, through whose fault or malice the said betrothals are not contracted and the marriage not consummated, shall be placed under ecclesiastical interdict, unless, upon being duly requested, he corrects the matter effectively within one month. Further, we declare, approve, arbitrate, and even determine that regarding all movable goods or things that move, taken or otherwise wrongfully removed, and all damages inflicted on either side before the outbreak or arising of the present war, especially those that are still extant and not consumed, particularly ships and any other goods taken before the war by the English, Gascons, or their allies, whether on land or at sea: the King of England shall ensure that all such goods still existing shall, in good faith, without dispute or the form of a legal process, and without any fraud, be fully restored immediately at the request of the King of France or his envoy. Likewise, the King of France, if any such goods taken or seized before the said war are found to exist in his possession or within his power, shall also cause them to be fully restored at the request of the said King of England or his envoy. As for goods that are no longer extant, that is, those lost or consumed, we declare, arbitrate, or even determine that the King of England, upon the request of the King of France or his envoy, shall provide compensation, and shall be bound to do so without legal dispute or process, in good faith and with all fraud excluded. And the King of France shall do likewise, if it is found that his men took, lost, or consumed any such items; and he shall ensure compensation at the request of the King of England or his envoy. In the event that agreement is not reached between the parties over the valuation of such items, the task of assessing and determining compensation shall be fully reserved to us, against either party. Furthermore, we declare, approve, arbitrate, or even determine that the same King of England shall retain that quantity and portion of lands, vassals, and goods, within the Kingdom of France, which he now holds and possesses, or held before the present war began, in accordance with what we, by virtue of the aforesaid compromises, shall award and order to be assigned to him, or as may be agreed upon between the said kings. And he shall hold them under the same fealty, homage, terms, and conditions under which he and his father are known to have held and possessed them up to this point. We shall apply appropriate methods and measures if any abuses are found to have been committed by the French side in the exercise of feudal jurisdiction, and likewise apply such methods and measures for abuses committed by the English side, that is, if any abuse by the King of England or his men is found to have violated proper feudal jurisdiction, so that such actions may not be committed again in the future.

Furthermore, we impose and apply such conditions, procedures, and securities as we see fit regarding the lands, vassals, goods, and other matters which, by our pronouncement or by agreement between the parties, the aforesaid King of England is to receive, so that henceforth neither he nor his successors may be able to rebel against the King of France or his successors. We also declare, approve, and arbitrate, indeed, we definitively pronounce, that, from this moment, all the aforesaid lands, vassals, goods, and other matters, both those which the King of France now holds that formerly belonged to the King of England before the current war, and those which the King of England now holds in the Kingdom of France, shall be, in good faith and without any fraud, absolutely and freely placed in our hands and power. They shall be assigned to be held by us in the name of the King of France (for his part), and in the name of the King of England (for his part), in accordance with what shall have been assigned to us by each party. However, through this assignment, no new right of ownership or possession shall be acquired by either party, nor shall any previously held rights be diminished. In case any doubt or ambiguity arises between the parties concerning these assignments, we reserve that matter for our own declaration and arbitration. If, perhaps, the said kings reach an agreement between themselves regarding these lands and goods, then we will, approve, and arbitrate from now on that whatever they agree shall be perpetually and inviolably observed. Otherwise, by virtue of the said compromise, we shall apply whatever remedy the Lord provides, and which our given authority permits. If, however, by some circumstance, we are unable to carry this out, we will, declare, and arbitrate that both parties shall retain their previous rights unharmed and unimpaired. Moreover, by this assignment to us of the said lands, vassals, and goods, no prejudice shall arise against either king, or either party, with respect to possession, ownership, abandonment, or otherwise. As for all the above matters arbitrated, approved, determined, and decided by us by way of arbitration, we declare, arbitrate, and command that they shall be inviolably observed by both parties under the penalties contained in the compromise and under such further penalties as we may see fit to impose, with our authority in arbitration remaining firm. Furthermore, we reserve to ourselves full freedom and plenary power, as granted to us by the terms of the aforementioned compromises, to arbitrate, approve, compose, determine, and pronounce upon all and singular matters which still remain between the said kings and which have not yet been arbitrated, approved, determined, or pronounced here. Likewise, we retain the power to add to, reduce, correct, interpret, and declare both once and repeatedly, and as often as we shall see fit or deem expedient, both in the matters now arbitrated, approved, determined, and pronounced in this present decision and in those matters still remaining to be decided, as outlined above. Finally, that the right hand of the Lord, which performs wonders in carrying out His works, may more effectively and perfectly bring this matter to a prosperous conclusion, we now assign a peremptory deadline to the said kings. By this deadline, they must appear before us, on the day and at the place which we shall notify them of in our letters, concerning all the matters in the present arbitration which we have reserved and which pertain to the same cause, so that, with the help of the Lord, we may provide for these matters in a manner conducive to their peace, the welfare of the world, and the benefit of the cause of the Holy Land.²

Dudum inter carissimos in Christo filios nos tros, Philippum Francorum ex parte una et Edwardum Angliæ reges illustres ex altera, suggerente inimico humani generis pacis æmulo, super diversis articulis materia discordiæ ac dissensionis exorta, tandem iidem reges, per speciales nuncios et procuratores ipsorum ad hoc ab eis mandatum habentes, in nos Bonifacium, Divina providentia papam VIII, tanquam in privatam personam et dominum Benedictum Gaytanum, tanquam in arbitrum, arbitratorem, laudatorem, diffinitorem, arbitralem sententiatorem, amicabilem compositorem, præceptorem, ordinatorem, dispositorem et pronunciatorem, super reformanda pace et concordia inter ipsos reges, ac super hiis quæ ad pacem pertinent, et super omnibus et singulis discordiis, guerris, litibus, controversiis, causis, quæstionibus, damnis, et injuriis, petitionibus, et actionibus, realibus et personalibus atque mixtis, quæ fuerant et erant seu vertebantur, et esse vel verti possent inter ipsos reges occasione quacunque, de alto et basso, absolute ac libere, compromittere curaverunt, prout in compromissorum instrumentis publicis inde confectis plenius continetur.

Nos igitur Bonifacius papa prædictus, qui finem imponere litibus affectamus, sed præcipue inter reges prædictos quorum quietem indesinenter appetimus, et tanto ferventius felices cupimus vigere successus quanto pleniori eos affectione prosequimur, et puriori complectimur caritate, hujusmodi compromissis receptis, et nobiscum deliberatione præhabita diligenti, vocatis quoque nunciis et procuratoribus supradictis ad arbitrium, laudum, mandatum, et arbitralem sententiam, audiendum, eisque coram nobis ad hoc specialiter constitutis, ad laudem omnipotentis Dei qui est pacis actor et salutis amator, et gloriosa virginis matris ejus, sicut arbiter, arbitrator, laudator, et amicabilis compositor, ac sicut privata persona et Benedictus Gaytanus, ex virtute ac forma compromissorum prædictorum et omni modo et jure quo melius possumus viam arbitratoris, laudatoris, et amicabilis compositoris sequentes, dicimus, arbitramur, laudamus, diffinimus, arbitraliter sententiamus, mandamus, ordinamus, disponimus, et pronunciamus hac vice, ut inter eosdem reges fiat et sit perpetua et stabilis pax, et quod treugæ vel sufferentiæ voluntariæ dudum indictæ, initæ, ac firmatæ inter eos, eo modo et forma, ac omnibus et illis personis et terris, et sub illis pœnis, conditionibus, et temporibus sub quibus indictæ, initæ, ac firmatæ fuerunt, inviolabiliter observentur.

Ad hujusmodi autem pacem confirmandam, roborandam, atque servandam, infra tempus quod duxerimus moderandum, præfatus rex Angliæ Margaretam sororem prædicti regis Franciæ recipere ac ducere, cum dotalitio quindecim millium librarum Turonensium, assignando per ipsum regem Angliæ in locis competentibus de quibus inter partes fuerit concordatum, vel ubi partes ipsæ non concordarent per nos arbitratum fuerit, in uxorem; et idem rex Franciæ eandem sororem suam eidem regi Angliæ in uxorem dare et tradere, cum dispensatione sedis apostolicæ, teneantur. Quodque Isabellis filia prælibati regis Franciæ, quæ infra annum septennem dicitur constituta, suo tempore, Edwardo prædicti regis Angliæ filio qui jam tertium decimum ætatis suæ annum exegit, cum simili dispensatione, matrimonialiter, cum dotalitio decem et octo millium librarum Turonensium similiter assignando per eundem regem Angliæ pro dicto filio suo in competentibus locis de quibus concordaverint ipsæ partes, vel de quibus nos duxerimus arbitrandum si super hoc inter eos non proveniret concordia, copuletur. Idque firmetur atque valletur ex nunc modis inferius annotatis, videlicet, quod idem rex Angliæ pro filio suo, idemque filius pro se qui ad hoc sufficientem habet ætatem, contrahant sponsalia prædicta, eorundem regis et filii juramentis firmanda; et rex Franciæ, nomine filiæ suæ prædictæ, contrahat hujusmodi sponsalia pro eadem. Quæ ut valida sint et firma, volumus, dicimus, et arbitramur quod rex Franciæ promittat per juramentum pro ipso, in animam suam præstandum, se tradere prædictam filiam suam Pope prædicto Edwardo nuptui, tempore quo concordatum extiterit inter ipsos vel per nos arbitratum fuerit vel laudatum. Pro quibus attendendis firmiter et fideliter adimplendis, dicimus, laudamus, et arbitramur quod poena de qua inter partes fuerit concordatum, vel ubi partes ipsæ non concordarent per nos arbitranda et taxanda firmetur, et ab utraque parte promissa valletur solvenda parti parenti a parte non parente, per quam pœnam negotium istud in tuto ponatur, et partes ad ejus finalem executionem efficacius inducantur. Cujus pœnæ promissionem et obligationem efficaciter valere volumus et decernimus ac tenere, non obstantibus juribus quæ pro libertate matrimoniorum hujusmodi poenas inhibent, quæ ex certa scientia pro tanto bono tollimus in hoc casu.

Addentes nihilominus quod reges prædicti aliquos de baronibus suis notabiliores per juramenta faciant obligare ad sponsalia prædicta et matrimonia procuranda, et ad tollenda impedimenta pro viribus quæ possent circa hoc vel contra hoc inveniri. Quia vero sponsalia prædicta tanto amplius desideramus habere felicem effectum et efficacem eventum quanto per hoc probabiliter credimus pacem prædictam firmius et fidelius observari, pro tanto pacis bono decernimus auctoritate apostolica quod terra regis illius cujus culpa vel malitia steterit quominus contrahanprædicta sponsalia et matrimonium consummetur, ecclesiastico subjaceat interdicto, nisi, super hoc requisitus, prædicta cum effectu correxerit infra mensem. Item dicimus, laudamus, arbitramur, seu etiam diffinimus quod de omnibus bonis mobilibus vel se moventibus, ablatis vel alias male subtractis, et de omnibus damnis datis hinc inde ante tempus motæ vel ortæ guerræ præsentis, primo de omnibus quæ extant et consumpta non sunt, præsertim de navibus et aliis quibuscunque bonis per Anglicos et Vascones et eorum complices ante guerram occupatis in mari vel in terra, quod rex Angliæ omnia quæ de prædictis extant, bona fide, sine lite, et absque figura judicii, omni fraude cessante, ad requisitionem regis Franciæ vel nuncii sui statim faciat ad plenum restitui. Et rex Franciæ similiter, si quatalia ante dictam guerram capta vel ablata apud ipsum vel in sua potestate exstantia reperta fuerint, similiter ad plenum restitui faciat, a præfato rege Angliæ vel ejus nuncio requisitus. De ablatis vero non exstantibus, sed deperditis et consumptis, laudamus, arbitramur, seu etiam diffinimus quod rex Angliæ, ad requisitionem regis Franciæ vel ejus nuncii, satisfieri faciat, et ad hoc faciendum etiam teneatur sine lite ac figura judicii, bona fide, et omni fraude cessante. Et rex Franciæ similiter, si qua per gentes suas ablata, deperdita, seu consumpta inventa fuerint, ad requisitionem regis Angliæ vel nuncii sui faciat satisfieri, taxatione nobis circa prædictorum æstimationem contra utramque partem, ubi per concordiam partium negotium super prædictis sopitum non esset, plenarie reservata. Item dicimus, laudamus, arbitramur, Pope seu etiam diffinimus quod idem rex Angliæ de omnibus terris, vassallis, et bonis quæ ipse nunc habet et tenet in regno Franciæ, seu tenebat ante motam guerram præsentem, habeat illam quantitatem et illam partem terrarum, vassallorum, et bonorum eorundem, quam sibi, ex virtute compromissorum prædictorum, laudaverimus et mandaverimus assignari, vel inter ipsos reges fuerit concordatum, et sub illis fidelitate, homagio, modis et conditionibus habeat, sub quibus ipse ac pater suus habuisse hactenus et tenuisse noscuntur; modis et temperamentis per nos adhibendis in abusu, si quis ex parte gentis regis Francia hactenus commissus, inventus fuerit in exercitio resorti; modis etiam et temperamentis per nos adhibendis in abusu partis alterius, si quis videlicet ex parte regis Angliæ vel suorum hactenus commissus, contra jus resorti fuerit inventus, ne talia in posterum committantur.

Conditionibus etiam, modis et securitatibus per nos imponendis et adhibendis in terris, vassallis, et bonis, et aliis quæ per nostram pronunciationem seu concordiam partium, præfatus rex Angliæ habiturus est de prædictis, ne amodo idem rex Angliæ vel successores ejus contra regem Franciæ vel successores ipsius valeant rebellare. Dicimus etiam, laudamus, et arbitramur, seu etiam diffinimus, quod ex nunc omnes terræ, vassalli, et bona prædicta, et alia, tam quæ tenet rex Franciæ de hiis quæ tenebat rex Angliæ ante guerram præsentem, quam quæ tenet rex Angliæ in regno Franciæ, bona fide ac sine omni fraude, absolute ac libere, in manibus et posse nostris ponantur et assignentur, tenenda a nobis nomine regis Franciæ quæ ex parte sua et nomine regis Angliæ quæ ex parte ejusdem, nobis fuerint assignata. Ita tamen quod per hoc in possessione vel proprietate nihil novi juris accrescat alterutri partium vel antiquis decrescat. Super quorum assignatione, si qua fuerit exorta dubitatio vel ambiguitas inter partes, illam nostræ declarationi et arbitrio reservamus. Quod si forsan dicti reges de ipsis terris et bonis ad invicem concordaverint, volumus, laudamus, et arbitramur ex nunc id in quo concordaverint perpetuo ac inviolabiliter observari; alioquin nos, ex compromissi prædicti virtute, apponemus ad id illud remedium quod Dominus ministrabit, et ex tradita nobis potestate licebit. Si vero, casu aliquo contingente, hoc facere non possemus, volumus, dicimus, et arbitramur quod utrique parti pristina jura sua salva remaneant et illæsa. Porro per hujusmodi assignationem faciendam nobis de terris, vassallis, et bonis prædictis, nullum ipsis regibus vel eorum alteri quoad possessionem vel proprietatem seu desertationem vel aliter præjudicium generetur. Omnia autem et singula supradicta per nos arbitrata, laudata, diffinita et arbitraliter sententiata et pronunciata, dicimus, arbitramur, et præcipimus, sub pœnis in compromissis contentis et aliis de quibus nobis videbitur, arbitrio nostro nihilominus firmo manente, a Pope partibus inviolabiliter observari. Et insuper reservamus nobis liberum arbitrium et plenariam potestatem, prout ex forma compromissorum prædictorum nobis competit, super omnibus et singulis quæ inter eosdem reges ex compromissis prædictis arbitranda, laudanda, componenda, diffinienda et pronuncianda restant, et hic arbitrata, laudata, diffinita et pronunciata non sunt, arbitrandi, laudandi, diffiniendi, arbitraliter sententiandi, præcipiendi, ordinandi, disponendi, atque pronunciandi, necnon et tam in omnibus et singulis arbitratis, laudatis, diffinitis, et pronunciatis in præsenti arbitrio atque laudo, quam in hiis quæ arbitranda, laudanda, arbitraliter sententienda, diffinienda, et pronuncianda, ut præmittitur, restant, addendi, minuendi, corrigendi, interpretandi et declarandi semel et pluries et quotiens nobis placuerit ac videbitur expedire. Cæterum, ut dextera Domini, quæ miram facit in suorum operum executione virtutem, efficacius et perfectius huic negotio prosperetur, terminum peremptorium ex nunc ipsis regibus assignamus, ut super omnibus in præsenti arbitrio nobis super dicto negotio reservatis, et ad ea pertinentibus, illis die ac loco compareant coram nobis, de quibus eis ad id per nostras duxerimus literas nunciandum; cum quibus super hiis, pro ipsorum quiete, ac prospero statu mundi, et pro utilitate negotii Terræ Sanctæ, providere salubriter dante Domino valeamus.

Note 1. This instrument is printed from an original letter in the Treasury of the Court of the Receipt of the Exchequer, commencing with the following introduction:

Boniface, Bishop, Servant of the Servants of God, to his dearest sons in Christ, Philip, King of France, and Edward, King of England, illustrious rulers: greeting and apostolic blessing. We have recently issued a pronouncement regarding the restoration of peace and harmony between you, and concerning those matters that pertain to peace, as well as other issues which, through your envoys and agents, were committed to us, in our private capacity, and to Benedict Gaetani, in your name and on your behalf, for the purpose of arbitrating, approving, defining, pronouncing arbitral sentence, commanding, ordering, arranging, and declaring. We considered that such a pronouncement should be made at that time, as is more fully set forth in the public instrument prepared for this matter. We now declare that this pronouncement and all its contents are to hold the force of law by apostolic authority, and we decree that it is to have full legal and binding effect. We hereby command, based on certain knowledge, that the text of the instrument be included here word for word, which is as follows: In the name of the Lord, Amen. In the year of our Lord 1298, in the eleventh indiction, in the fourth year of the pontificate of Lord Boniface VIII, on the 27th day of the month of June, the most holy father and lord Boniface, by divine providence Pope VIII, recited, caused to be read aloud, gave, and pronounced the following arbitration, decision, award, arbitral sentence, friendly settlement, command, order, and other matters written below, in the following form: For some time now, etc.

Bonifacius episcopus servus servorum Dei carissimis in Christo filiis Phylippo Franciæ et Edwardo Angliæ regibus illustribus salutem et apostolicam benedictionem. Pronunciationem quandam super reformanda inter vos pace et concordia et super hiis qua ad pacem pertinent ac super aliis super quibus per nuncios et procuratores vestros in nos tamquam in privatam personam et Benedictum Gaytanum nomine vestro et pro vobis extitit compromissum, arbitrando, laudando, diffiniendo, arbitraliter sententiando, mandando, ordinando, disponendo, et pronunciando, ea vice nuper duximus faciendum, prout in instrumento publico inde confecto plenius continetur, Quam pronunciationem et qua in ea continentur auctoritate apostolica valere volumus et plenam habere decernimus roboris firmitatem; tenorem ipsius instrumenti de verbo ad verbum ex certa scientia praesentibus annotari facientes, qui talis est. In nomine Domini, Amen. Anno Domini millesimo ducentesimo nonagesimo octavo, indictione undecima, pontificatus domini Bonifacii papa VIII anno quarto, die vicesima septima mensis Junii, sanctissimus pater et dominus dominus Bonifacius Divina providentia papa VIII arbitrium, laudum, diffinitionem, arbitralem sententiam, amicabilem compositionem, mandatum, ordinationem, et alia infrascripta recitavit, legi fecit, dedit, et protulitin hunc modum. Dudum, etc.

Note 2. The original letter in the Treasury of the Court of the Receipt of the Exchequer continues thus: "The arbitration, judgment, arbitral sentence, mandate, decision, ordinance, disposition, and all the above were enacted, issued, and pronounced by the same Lord Pope, as recounted above, in the year, indiction, month, and day previously mentioned, at Rome, at Saint Peter's, in the papal palace, in a public consistory held in the great hall, in the presence of a great multitude of people. Also present were the reverend fathers, the Lords, by the grace of God: Gerard, Bishop of Sabina; Brother Matthew, Bishop of Porto and Santa Rufina; and John, Bishop of Tusculum; John, Cardinal Priest of the title of Saints Marcellinus and Peter; Nicholas, of the title of Saint Lawrence in Damasus; Brother James, of the title of Saint Clement; Thomas, of the title of Saint Cecilia; and Robert, of the title of Saint Potentiana. Also present were the deacons of the Holy Roman Church and Cardinals: Matthew of Santa Maria in Portico; Napoleon of Saint Adrian; William of Saint Nicholas in Carcere Tulliano; Francis of Santa Maria in Cosmedin; Peter of Santa Maria Nova; and James of Saint George at the Golden Veil. And the venerable men: Lords John the Judge, Matthew Carazulo, Guido of Anagni, and Adenulph of Supino, notaries of the Lord Pope. And the noble men: Lords Urso and Berthold, sons of Urso of the City (Rome); Bartholomew of Capua, Logothete of the Kingdom of Sicily; and James of Pisa, familiar of the Lord Pope, witnesses. And also Lord Deo Datus of the City, chaplain of the Lord Pope, who, by the mandate of the said Lord Pope, publicly read and proclaimed aloud the arbitration, judgment, arbitral sentence, mandate, decision, ordinance, disposition, and all the aforesaid, like a herald. And I, Nicholas, called Novellus of Vico, notary by apostolic and imperial authority, was present for all the aforesaid. And I wrote and published all of it, as read above, by the order of the said Lord Pope, and signed it with my customary sign. Let no person whatsoever presume to violate this page of our constitution and enactment, or to oppose it with rash audacity. But if anyone shall presume to attempt such a thing, let him know that he will incur the wrath of Almighty God and of the blessed apostles Peter and Paul. Given at Rome, at Saint Peter's, on the Kalends of July [1st July 1298], in the fourth year of our pontificate."

Acta, lata, et pronunciata fuerunt arbitrium, laudum, arbitralis sententia, mandatum, diffinitio, ordinatio, dispositio, et omnia supradicta per eundem dominum papam, ut superius enarrantur, anno, indictione, mense, ac die prædictis, Romæ, apud Sanctum Petrum, in palatio papali, in consistorio publico facto in sala majori, præsente ibi gentium multitudine copiosa, et præsentibus reverendis patribus dominis, Dei gratia, Gerardo Sabinensi, fratre Matheo Portuensi et Sanctæ Rufinæ, ac Johanne Tusculanensi episcopis. Johanne titulo Sanctorum Marcellini et Petri, Nicolao titulo Sancti Laurentii in Damasco, fratre Jacobo titulo Sancti Clementis, Thoma titulo Sanctæ Ceciliæ, ac Roberto titulo Sanctæ Potentianæ, presbyteris. Matheo Sanctæ Mariæ in Porticu Nepoleone Sancti Adriani, Guillielmo Sancti Nicolai in carcere Tulliano, Francisco Sanctæ Mariæ in Cosmedin, Petro Sanctæ Mariæ novæ, ac Jacobo Sancti Georgii ad velum aureum, diaconibus sanctæ Romanæ ecclesiæ cardinalibus. Et venerabilibus viris dominis Johanne Judicis, Matheo Carazulo, Guidone de Anagnia, et Adenulpho de Supin, domini papa notariis. Ac nobilibus viris dominis Urso et Bertuldo de filiis Ursi de Urbe, Bartholomeo de Capua regni Siciliæ logotheta; et Jacobo de: Pisis familiare ipsius domini papæ testibus; ac domino Deo dato de Urbe ipsius domini papæ capellano, qui arbitrium, laudum, arbitralem sententiam, man datum, diffinitionem, ordinatio nem, et omnia supradicta, de mandato prædicti domini pape, ibidem publice legit, et voce quasi præconia recitavit. Et ego Nicolaus, dictus Novellus de Vico, apostolica et imperiali auc toritate notarius, prædictis interfui; et ea omnia ut supra legitur, de mandato præfati do mini papæ, scripsi et publicavi, ac meo signo consueto signavi. Nulli ergo omnino hominum liceat hanc paginam nostra constitutionis et annotationis infringere vel et ausu temerario contraire. Si quis autem hoc attemptare præsumpserit, indignationem omnipotentis Dei et beatorum Petri et Pauli apostolorum ejus, se noverit incursurum. Datum Romæ, apud Sanctum Petrum, kalendas Julii, pontificatus nostri anno quarto.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 1st July 1559. The furst day of July all the craftes of London send owt a (blank) men of armes, as well be-sene as ever was when owt of London, boyth waffelers in cott of velvet and cheynes, with gunes, mores-pykes, and halbardes, and flages, and in-to the duke of Suffoke('s) parke in Sowthwarke, and ther they mustered a-for my lord mayre (age 50); and ther was a howsse for bred and dryng [drink], to gyffe the sawgyars [soldiers] to ett and drynke, and they then after thay lay and mustered in sant Gorges ffeld tyll x of the cloke. [The next morning they removed towards Greenwich, Kent [Map] to the court there, and thence into Greenwich park, where they tarried] tyll viij of the cloke, and then thay [marched] to the lawne, and ther thay mustered in harnes, [and the gunners] in shurttes of maylle, and at v of the cloke at nyght the Quen (age 25) [came] in to the galere of the parke gatt, and the inbassadurs and lordes [and ladies, to a] grett nombur, and my lord marques, and my lord admerall (age 49), and my [lord Robert Dudley (age 27), and] dyvers mo lordes and knyghtes, and they rod to and fro [to view them, and] to sett the ij batelles in a-ray; and after cam trumpeters bluwing [on] boyth partes, and the drumes and fluttes; and iij ansettes [onsets] in evere bat[elle]; so thay marchyd forward, and so the gunes shott and the morespykes [en]contered to-gether with gratt larum, and after reculyd bake [again]; after the towne army lost ther pykes and ther gunes and bylle .. rely, and contenent they wher sturyd with a-larum; and so evere man toke to ther weypons agayne; by and by the trumpetes and the drumes and gones playd, and shott, and so they whent to-gether as fast as they could. Al thys wyll the Quen('s) grace and the inbasadurs and the lordes and lades be-held the skymychsyng; and after they reculyd bake agayn; and after master chamburlayn and dyvers of the commenars and the wyffelers cam to the Quen, and ther the Quen('s) grace thankyd them hartely, and all the cette [city]; and contenent ther was the grettest showtt that ever was hard, and hurlyng up of capes [caps], that her grace was so mere [merry], for ther was a-buyff above lyk M [1000] pepull besyd the men that mustered; and after ther was runyng at the tyltt, and after evere [man] home to London and odur plasses.

Note. P. 202. Muster before the queen in Greenwich park. Stowe has described this muster at some length. The Grocers' company were, by a precept from the lord mayor, required to contribute to it "190 personnes, apte and picked men; whereof 60 to be with calyvers, flaskes, touche-boxes, morions, swordes, and daggers; 95 to be in corselettes, with halbertes, swordes, and daggers, for a shewe at Greenwich." Heath's Hist, of the Grocers' Company, p. 65.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 1st July 1663. I to St. James's, and there discoursed a while with Mr. Coventry (age 35), between whom and myself there is very good understanding and friendship, and so to Westminster Hall [Map], and being in the Parliament lobby, I there saw my Lord of Bristol (age 50) come to the Commons House to give his answer to their question, about some words he should tell the King (age 33) that were spoke by Sir Richard Temple (age 29), a member of their House. A chair was set at the bar of the House for him, which he used but little, but made an harangue of half an hour bareheaded, the House covered. His speech being done, he came out and withdrew into a little room till the House had concluded of an answer to his speech; which they staying long upon, I went away. And by and by out comes Sir W. Batten (age 62); and he told me that his Lordship had made a long and a comedian-like speech, and delivered with such action as was not becoming his Lordship. He confesses he did tell the King such a thing of Sir Richard Temple, but that upon his honour they were not spoke by Sir Richard, he having taken a liberty of enlarging to the King upon the discourse which had been between Sir Richard and himself lately; and so took upon himself the whole blame, and desired their pardon, it being not to do any wrong to their fellow-member, but out of zeal to the King. He told them, among many other things, that as to his religion he was a Roman Catholique, but such a one as thought no man to have right to the Crown of England but the Prince that hath it; and such a one as, if the King should desire his counsel as to his own, he would not advise him to another religion than the old true reformed religion of this country, it being the properest of this kingdom as it now stands; and concluded with a submission to what the House shall do with him, saying, that whatever they shall do, says he, "thanks be to God, this head, this heart, and this sword (pointing to them all), will find me a being in any place in Europe". The House hath hereupon voted clearly Sir Richard Temple to be free from the imputation of saying those words; but when Sir William Batten came out, had not concluded what to say to my Lord, it being argued that to own any satisfaction as to my Lord from his speech, would be to lay some fault upon the King for the message he should upon no better accounts send to the impeaching of one of their members.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 1st July 1663. Thence by water with Sir W. Batten (age 62) to Trinity House, Deptford [Map], there to dine with him, which we did; and after dinner we fell talking, Sir J. Minnes (age 64), Mr. Batten and I; Mr. Batten telling us of a late triall of Sir Charles Sydly (age 24) the other day, before my Lord Chief Justice Foster and the whole bench, for his debauchery a little while since at Oxford Kate's¹, coming in open day into the Balcone and showed his nakedness,.... and abusing of scripture and as it were from thence preaching a mountebank sermon from the pulpit, saying that there he had to sell such a powder as should make all the (women) in town run after him, 1000 people standing underneath to see and hear him, and that being done he took a glass of wine.... and then drank it off, and then took another and drank the King's health. It seems my Lord and the rest of the judges did all of them round give him a most high reproof; my Lord Chief justice saying, that it was for him, and such wicked wretches as he was, that God's anger and judgments hung over us, calling him sirrah many times. It's said they have bound him to his good behaviour (there being no law against him for it) in £5000. It being told that my Lord Buckhurst (age 20) was there, my Lord asked whether it was that Buckhurst that was lately tried for robbery; and when answered Yes, he asked whether he had so soon forgot his deliverance at that time, and that it would have more become him to have been at his prayers begging God's forgiveness, than now running into such courses again...

Note 1. The details in the original are very gross. Dr. Johnson relates the story in the "Lives of the Poets", in his life of Sackville, Lord Dorset "Sackville, who was then Lord Buckhurst, with Sir Charles Sedley and Sir Thomas Ogle, got drunk at the Cock, in Bow Street, by Covent Garden [Map], and going into the balcony exposed themselves to the populace in very indecent postures. At last, as they grew warmer, Sedley stood forth naked, and harangued the populace in such profane language, that the publick indignation was awakened; the crowd attempted to force the door, and being repulsed, drove in the performers with stones, and broke the windows of the house. For this misdemeanour they were indicted, and Sedley was fined five hundred pounds; what was the sentence of the others is not known. Sedley employed Henry Killigrew and another to procure a remission from the King (age 33), but (mark the friendship of the dissolute!) they begged the fine for themselves, and exacted it to the last groat". (The woman known as Oxford Kate appears to have kept the notorious Cock Tavern in Bow Street at this date.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 1st July 1664. By and by comes Dr. Burnett, who assures me that I have an ulcer either in the kidneys or bladder, for my water, which he saw yesterday, he is sure the sediment is not slime gathered by heat, but is a direct pusse. He did write me down some direction what to do for it, but not with the satisfaction I expected. Dr. Burnett's advice to mee. The Originall is fyled among my letters. "Take of ye Rootes of Marsh-Mallows foure ounces, of Cumfry, of Liquorish, of each two ounces, of ye Mowers of St. John's Wort two Handsfull, of ye Leaves of Plantan, of Alehoofe, of each three handfulls, of Selfeheale, of Red Roses, of each one Handfull, of Cynament, of Nutmegg, of each halfe an ounce. Beate them well, then powre upon them one Quart of old Rhenish wine, and about Six houres after strayne it and clarify it with ye white of an Egge, and with a sufficient quantity of sugar, boyle it to ye consistence of a Syrrup and reserve it for use. Dissolve one spoonefull of this Syrrup in every draught of Ale or beere you drink. Morning and evening swallow ye quantity of an hazle-nutt of Cyprus Terebintine. If you are bound or have a fit of ye Stone eate an ounce of Cassia new drawne, from ye poynt of a knife. Old Canary or Malaga wine you may drinke to three or 4 glasses, but noe new wine, and what wine you drinke, lett it bee at meales".¹. I did give him a piece, with good hopes, however, that his advice will be of use to me, though it is strange that Mr. Hollyard (age 55) should never say one word of this ulcer in all his life to me. He being gone, I to the 'Change [Map], and thence home to dinner, and so to my office, busy till the evening, and then by agreement came Mr. Hill (age 34) and Andrews and one Cheswicke, a maister who plays very well upon the Spinette, and we sat singing Psalms till 9 at night, and so broke up with great pleasure, and very good company it is, and I hope I shall now and then have their company. They being gone, I to my office till towards twelve o'clock, and then home and to bed. Upon the 'Change [Map], this day, I saw how uncertain the temper of the people is, that, from our discharging of about 200 that lay idle, having nothing to do, upon some of our ships, which were ordered to be fitted for service, and their works are now done, the towne do talk that the King (age 34) discharges all his men, 200 yesterday and 800 to-day, and that now he hath got £100,000 in his hand, he values not a Dutch warr. But I undeceived a great many, telling them how it is.

Note 1. From a slip of paper inserted in the Diary at this place.

Sunday Morning Star 1st July 1928. Divorced Duke (age 49) and Duchess (age 53) Entertain Together

It is getting to be so that a thing like a divorce seems to amount to nothing here in England. For example, the other night, the Duke of Westminster and his first wife, who is now the spouse of Captain James Fitzpatrick Lewis, acted as joint host and hostess at & ball given in honour of their daughter, Lady Mary Grosvenor (age 18), on the occasion of her debut¹.

The ball was a very grand affair in the ancient town house of the Duke of Westminster, which the lady (once his duchess) had not entered since some time before she divorced him several years ago.

London has rarely seen a more brilliant and fashionable assemblage and the most interesting part of it was that couple standing at the top of the great stairway to receive their guests. Their charming daugher, Lady Mary Grosvenor, seemed quite at ease in spite of this astonishing detail of her coming out ball, and it is noteworthy that all the very brilliant and blue blooded‘ members of the smartest set in the world who were guests, took it as if they thought it quite a matter of course for a divorced couple, one of them remarried, to be standing side by side bowing and smiling at their friends. The Duke and Duchess were divorced in in 1910. They have met in public many times since then and always have seemed to be the very best of friends in spite of their agreement to disagree. The Duke is one of the richest men in the world, being surely worth $100,000,000. He spends much of his time on a vast estate in France which is stocked for the hunting of wild boar, or on his wonderful yacht, on which he cruises much in the Mediterrancan. This divorce was not his first experience of the kind. Before he married the lady who received with him the other night, he had made one unsatisfactory matrimonial venture.

Note 1. Lady Mary's 18th Birthday was on the 27th June.