Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.
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06 Aug is in August.
1332 Battle of Wester Kinghorn
1385 Richard II Creates his Two Uncles as Dukes
1503 Margaret Tudor's Journey to Scotland
1517 Sweating Sickness Outbreak
On 6th August 761 Oswine Aetheling was killed by Æthelwald Moll King of Northumbria.
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 763. This year was the severe winter; and Mull, king of the Northumbrians, slew Oswin at Edwin's-Cliff, on the eighth day before the ides of August.
History of the Dukes of Normandy by William of Jumieges. Therefore, Richard1 the younger, surviving his father in the duchy, though he lived only a short while after him, was, as in name, so also in the standard of noble character, his true heir. He was very skilled in the arts of war, yet entirely steadfast in the Catholic faith, gentle and kindly toward the servants of God, temperately guiding the ranks of his warriors, and rejoicing to live in constant peace.
Igitur Richardus juvenis in ducatu superstes genitoris, licet paulisper supervixerit, sicut in vocabulo nominis, ita hæres exstitit censura summæ ingenuitatis. Hic in armis bellicis valde idoneus, totus tamen fide fuit catholicus et circa Dei cultores benignus ac mansuetus, æquo libramine militares. turmas moderans, pace gaudens frui continua.
Note 1. Duke Richard III of Normandy, 997/1001-1027, son of Duke Richard II and Judith of Brittany. In January 1027 he married Adèle. She is believed to be a younger daughter of King Robert II of West Francia. There was no issue from the marriage. He died six months after his marriage on 6th August 1027. She, Adèle, married secondly Count Baldwin V of Flanders and had issue. The author describes his death as occurring in 1028 below.
On 6th August 1027 Richard Normandy III Duke Normandy (age 25) died. His brother Robert (age 27) succeeded I Duke Normandy.
On 6th August 1162 Raymond V Count Barcelona (age 48) died. His son Alfonso (age 5) succeeded II Count Barcelona.
On 6th August 1195 Henry "Lion" Welf XII Duke Saxony III Duke Bavaria (age 66) died at Ravensburg. Otto Wittelsbach I Duke Bavaria succeeded I Duke Bavaria. Agnes Loon Duchess Bavaria by marriage Duchess Bavaria.
On 6th August 1223 King Louis VIII of France (age 35) and Blanche Ivrea Queen Consort France (age 35) were crowned at Reims Cathedral.
Rymer's Fœdera Volume 2. Concerning Piers Gaveston, regarding the aforesaid grant.
The King to his beloved in Christ, the Abbot of Hailes, greeting. Whereas, by our charter, we have given and granted to our beloved and faithful knight, Piers Gaveston, the county of Cornwall with its appurtenances, as well as all and singular the manors, lands, and tenements which Edmund, formerly Earl of Cornwall, held in any counties of England, as is more fully contained in our aforesaid charter: We command you that, with respect to the fifty pounds annually which you owe for the vill of Lechlade, which belonged to the aforesaid Edmund and which you hold at a fixed rent, you shall henceforth be attentive and obedient in paying it to the said Piers, as your lord. Witness the King at Dumfries, on the 6th day of August [1307].
Pro Petro de Gavaston, super donatione prædictá.
Rex dilecto sibi in Christo abbati de Hayles, salutem. Cum, per cartam nostram, dederimus & concesserimus dilecto & fideli nostro, Petro de Gavaston militi, comitatum Cornubiæ, cum pertinentiis, necnon & omnia & singula maneria, terras, & tenementa quæ Edmundus quondam comes Cornubiæ, habuit in quibuscumque comitatibus Angliæ, prout in cartâ nostrâ prædictâ pleniùs continetur: Vobis mandamus, quod eidem Petro de quinquaginta libris annuis, quas debetis pro villa de Letchelade, quæ fuit prædicti Edmundi, & quam ad fendi firmam tenetis annuatim solvendam tanquam domino vestro, sitis de cætero intendentes & respondentes. Teste Rege, apud Dumfres, vi. die Augusti.
On 6th August 1307 Piers Gaveston 1st Earl Cornwall (age 23) was created 1st Earl Cornwall by King Edward II of England (age 23); Earl Cornwall usually reserved for the heir. The earldom gave Gaveston substantial landholdings over great parts of England, to the value of £4,000 a year. These possessions consisted of most of Cornwall, as well as parts of Devonshire in the south-west, land in Berkshire and Oxfordshire centred on the honour of Wallingford, most of the eastern part of Lincolnshire, and the honour of Knaresborough in Yorkshire, with the territories that belonged to it.
Adam Murimuth Continuation. [6th August 1307]. Edward of Carnarvon, his son, succeeded him immediately after his death. He recalled Peter of Gaverstone (age 23) from his exile and gave him the county of Cornwall,...
Cui successit Edwardus de Carnervan, filius suus, statim post mortem ejusdem. Qui revocavit Petrum de Gaverstone ab exilio suo, et dedit sibi comitatum Cornubiæ,...
Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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Life of Edward II by a Monk of Malmesbury. [6th August 1307] He recalled Piers Gaveston, who by command of King Edward the elder had recently been banished from the land of England. This same Piers, while King Edward the elder was still alive, had been the chamberlain and most intimate companion of the young Edward, then Prince of Wales, and very much loved by him, as became all too evident not long thereafter. Indeed, the young king, upon Peter's return from exile, granted and bestowed upon him the Earldom of Cornwall, with the counsel and assent of certain nobles of the realm, namely, Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, and others. For the said Earl Henry, when it was questioned whether the king could separate the said earldom from the rights that belonged to the crown, argued that the king could do so, since other kings had done so twice before. Nevertheless, the greater part of the barons of the realm did not consent, both because Peter was a foreigner, being of Gascon origin, and also out of envy.
Hic propositum patris sui nondum consummavit, sed in alia consilium mutavit. Petrum de Gaveston, qui nuper precepto patris regis terram Angliæ abjuraverat, revocavit. Fuerat autem dictus Petrus, vivente rege Edwardo sene, juvenis Edwardi, tunc principis Walliæ, camerarius familiarissimus et valde dilectus, quod manifeste satis apparuit non multo post. Dominus enim rex juvenis domino Petro, ab exilio reverso, de consilio ct assensu quorundam magnatum terra, videlicet Henrici de Lacy comitis Lincolniæ et aliorum, comitatum Cornubiæ contulit et donavit. Ipse etenim comes Henricus de Lacy, cum dubitaretur an rex prædictum comitatum a jure quod cum corona habebat posset separare, proposuit regem posse, nam sic et alii reges bis antea fecerant. Major tamen pars baronum terra non consensit, tum quia Petrus alienigena erat a Vasconia oriundus, tum propter invidiam.
Annals Londonienses. [6th August 1307] At the very beginning of his reign, the king sent for Piers Gaveston, who had been his companion during his youth while his father was still alive, and who had been banished from the kingdom of England by the order of King Edward, the present king's father. When Gaveston returned, the king kept him close and loved him dearly. So much so that, with the consent of some earls and barons, he granted to this Piers, a man of Gascon birth, and to his heirs and assigns, the Earldom of Cornwall, even though two of the king's own brothers remained unpromoted. The king also entrusted to Gaveston the entire royal treasury, including jewels and precious stones, leaving them to his will and discretion. Gaveston, residing in the royal household and sparing no expense, surrounded himself with men of low birth while mocking the nobility. The king, for his part, allowed the goods of commoners to be seized by his cruel servants, lived not from his own revenues, and retained nothing of his royal dignity except the title of king. Piers, owing to his excessive indulgence, became so arrogant that he scorned all the other earls and barons, considering no one in the kingdom of England his equal. For this reason, all of England came to hate him.
In principio quidem regni sui misit post Petrum de Gavastone, qui fuit consors ejus to the in adolescentia sua, dum pater ejus viveret, et qui abjuravit qui abjuravit regnum Angliæ, cogente rege Edwardo patre prædicti regis nunc; quem revertentem rex retinuit secum et unice dilexit, ita ut eidem Petro natione Gasconiæ, heredibus et assignatis suis, assensu comitum et baronum aliquorum, contulit comitatum Cornubiæ, duobus fratribus prædicti regis non promotis; ac etiam omnem thesaurum regalem, jocalia et lapides preciosos, dispositioni et voluntati dicti Petri reliquit: ita ut ipse Petrus, regiam domum tenens, expensis non parcens, ignobiles sibi associans, nobiles debaccando deridens; e contra rex, bona plebei per crudeles servos suos rapiens, non ex propria vivens, nihil sibi dignitatis nisi nomen regium reservans. Petrus autem propter suam nimiam voluptatem in tantum superbuit quod omnes alios comites et barones despexit, neminem sibi parem in regno Angliæ existimans; unde omnis Anglia eundem in odio habuit.
Rymer's Fœdera Volume 2. Piers Gaveston, who in the second-to-last month had been banished into exile by King Edward the father, was recalled by the son, the present king, and, even before he had returned, was granted the entire Earldom of Cornwall, along with many other lands, manors, castles, towns, hundreds, and honours.
The King to archbishops, bishops, abbots, priors, earls, barons, justiciars, sheriffs, provosts, ministers, and all bailiffs and his faithful subjects, greetings.
Know that we have given, granted, and by this our charter have confirmed to our beloved and faithful knight, Piers Gaveston, our entire County of Cornwall, together with its castles, towns, manors, hundreds, demesnes, homages, and services of free tenants, rents, villeinages, villeins, their chattels and offspring, knight's fees, and the advowsons of churches, abbeys, priories, hospitals, chapels, fairs, markets, warrens, wreck of the sea, and all other liberties, free customs, rights, and all other things whatsoever pertaining to the said county. We also grant the office of sheriff of the said county, the tin works, and all mines of tin and lead that belonged to Edmund, the late Earl of Cornwall, within the aforesaid county.
We have also given and granted to the aforesaid Piers our castle and manor of Lydford, with all its appurtenances:
The entire moor and free chase of Dartmoor, with all its appurtenances.
The town of Exeter, with all its appurtenances.
The castle, town, and honour of Knaresborough, with the free chase of Knaresborough, and all its other appurtenances.
The manors of Rothcliffe and Aldborough, with their members and all their other appurtenances.
The castle, town, and honour of Wallingford, with all its appurtenances.
The manor of Watlington, with all its appurtenances.
The manor of Benson [Bensington], with all its appurtenances.
Four and a half hundreds of Chiltern, with all their appurtenances.
The honour of Saint-Valery, with all its appurtenances.
The manor of Beckley, with its members and all its other appurtenances.
The castle and manor of Mere, with its members and all its other appurtenances.
The town of Chichester, with all its appurtenances.
The manor of Newport near Walden, with its members and all its other appurtenances.
The town of Wilton, with all its appurtenances.
The manor of Cosham, with all its appurtenances; and one hundred pounds of rent from the manor of Lechlade, to be received annually through the hands of the Abbot of Hailes and his successors, together with all the service due from the said abbot and his aforesaid successors in respect thereof.
And also all other castles, towns, manors, lands, and tenements which the aforesaid Edmund held and possessed on the day of his death, by acquisition of his own or of his ancestors, whether by gifts and grants of our progenitors, the former Kings of England, or of any others whatsoever, in whatever counties of England they may be situated; together with the demesnes, homages, services of free tenants, rents, villeinages, villeins and their offspring and chattels, knight's fees, advowsons of churches, abbeys, priories, hospitals, and chapels; along with fairs, markets, warrens, wreck of the sea, and all other liberties, free customs, rights, and all other things whatsoever in any way belonging to the said castles, towns, manors, honours, hundreds, lands, and tenements.
To have and to hold to the said Piers and his heirs, of us and our heirs, all the aforesaid, the county, castles, manors, towns, honours, lands and tenements, hundreds, the office of sheriff, the stannaries, mines, and chases with all their appurtenances, as aforesaid, in perpetuity, as fully and entirely as the aforesaid Edmund held them on the day of his death, and as they came into the hands of our father, the lord Edward, of famous memory, late King of England.
Rendering to us and our heirs the service of three knight's fees, in full satisfaction for all service owed to us and our heirs from the aforesaid holdings.
Moreover, we have granted to the said Piers that all the castles, manors, towns, honours, lands, tenements, rents, and hundreds, and the office of sheriff in the County of Rutland, together with the knight's fees, advowsons of churches, abbeys, priories, hospitals, and chapels, the services of free tenants, villeinages, villeins, their chattels and offspring, fairs, markets, warrens, wreck of the sea, and all other liberties, free customs, rights, and all other appurtenances whatsoever, which Margaret, who was the wife of the aforesaid Edmund, holds in dower from our inheritance, and which, after the death of the said Margaret, ought to revert to us or our heirs, shall, after the death of the said Margaret, remain to the aforesaid Piers and his heirs forever.
And moreover, we have granted to the said Piers that the one hundred shillings of rent which William le Keu holds for the term of his life, and the one hundred shillings of rent which Philip of Canterbury holds for the term of his life, and the ten marks of rent which Henry of Chichester holds for the term of his life, all of which are received through the hands of the mayor and community of London, by the gift and grant of the aforesaid Edmund, from a certain rent of fifty pounds owed from Queenhithe in London, and which, after the deaths of the said William, Philip, and Henry, ought to revert to us and our heirs, shall, after the death of the said William, Philip, and Henry, remain to the said Piers and his heirs in perpetuity.
To have and to hold to the said Piers and his heirs, of us and our heirs, together with the aforesaid county, castles, manors, towns, honours, hundreds, rents, sheriff's offices, stannaries and mines, and all other things hereinbefore named, by the service aforesaid.
We also will and grant, for ourselves and our heirs, that the aforesaid Piers and his heirs shall have in perpetuity, within the aforesaid county, castles, manors, towns, honours, hundreds, rents, lordships, sheriff's offices, chases, stannaries, mines, and all other things whatsoever above mentioned, all the liberties and free customs which the aforesaid Edmund had and used on the day of his death; and that they shall fully enjoy and make use of the said liberties and free customs.
Wherefore we will and strictly command, for ourselves and our heirs, that the aforesaid Piers shall have and hold, of us and our heirs, to himself and his heirs, the aforesaid County of Cornwall with its castles, towns, manors, hundreds, demesnes, homages and services of free tenants, rents, villeinages, villeins, their chattels and offspring, knight's fees, advowsons of churches, abbeys, priories, hospitals, and chapels, fairs, markets, warrens, wreck of the sea, and all other liberties, free customs, rights, and all other things whatsoever pertaining to the aforesaid county.
And also the office of sheriff of the said county, the stannary, and all the tin and lead mines which belonged to Edmund, the late Earl of Cornwall, in the aforesaid county.
And also the aforesaid castle and manor of Lydford, with all its appurtenances.
All the moor and free chase of Dartmoor, with all its appurtenances; the town of Exeter, with its appurtenances; the castle, town, and honour of Knaresborough, with the free chase of Knaresborough, and all their other appurtenances.
The manors of Routhcliffe and Aldborough, with their members and all their other appurtenances.
The castle, town, and honour of Wallingford, with all its appurtenances.
The manor of Watlington, with its appurtenances;
the manor of Bensington, with its appurtenances;
four and a half hundreds of Chiltern, with their appurtenances;
the honour of Saint Valery, with its appurtenances;
the manor of Beckley, with its members and all its other appurtenances;
the castle and manor of Mere, with its members and all its other appurtenances;
the town of Chichester, with its appurtenances;
the manor of Newport near Walden, with its members and all its other appurtenances;
the town of Wilton, with its appurtenances;
the manor of Cosham, with its appurtenances;
and the aforesaid one hundred pounds of rent from the manor of Lechlade, to be received annually by the hands of the Abbot of Hailes and his successors, together with all the service due from the same abbot and his aforesaid successors.
And also all other castles, towns, manors, lands, and tenements which the aforesaid Edmund held and possessed on the day of his death, whether by his own acquisition or by inheritance from his ancestors, whether by gift or grant from our progenitors, the former Kings of England, or from any others whatsoever, in whatever counties of England they may be located, together with all things in any way pertaining to them, as aforesaid, in perpetuity.
Rendering to us and our heirs the service of three knight's fees, in full satisfaction for all service owed to us and our heirs from the same.
And also, that all the castles, manors, towns, honours, lands, tenements, rents, and hundreds, and the office of sheriff in the county of Rutland, together with the knights' fees, advowsons of churches, abbeys, priories, hospitals, and chapels, services of free tenants, villeinages, villeins and their chattels and issue, together with fairs, markets, warrens, wreck of the sea, and all other liberties, free customs, rights, and other appurtenances whatsoever, which the aforesaid Margaret holds in dower of our inheritance, and which, after the death of the said Margaret, ought to revert to us or our heirs, shall after the death of the said Margaret remain to the aforesaid Peter and his heirs forever.
And that the one hundred shillings of rent which William le Keu receives for the term of his life; and the one hundred shillings of rent which Philip of Kent receives for the term of his life; and the ten marks of rent which Henry of Chichester receives for the term of his life, all by the hands of the mayor and commonalty of London, by the gift and grant of the aforesaid Edmund, as aforesaid, and which, after the deaths of the aforesaid William, Philip, and Henry, ought likewise to revert to us and our heirs, shall, after the deaths of the aforesaid William, Philip, and Henry, remain to the said Peter and his heirs forever.
Together with the aforesaid county, castles, manors, towns, honours, hundreds, rents, sheriff's offices, stanneries, and mines, and all other things whatsoever above mentioned, by the aforesaid service.
We further will and strictly command, for ourselves and our heirs, that the aforesaid Peter and his heirs shall forever have, in the aforesaid castles, manors, towns, honours, hundreds, rents, lordships, sheriff's offices, chases, stanneries, mines, and all other things above mentioned, all the liberties and free customs which the aforesaid Edmund had and used on the day of his death, as aforesaid.
Witnesses: Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln; Thomas, Earl of Lancaster; John de Warenne, Earl of Surrey; Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford and Essex, and Constable of England; Edmund, Earl of Arundel; John of Brittany, Earl of Richmond; Aymer de Valence; and others. Given by our hand at Dumfries, on the 6th day of August [1307], in the first year of our reign.
Petrus de Gavaston, mense penultimo, in exilium ab Edwardo patre relegatus, à Rege filio revocatus, necdum reversus donatur toto Cornubiæ comitatu; cum aliis terris, maneriis, castris, villis, hundredis, & honoribus benè multis.
Rex archiepiscopis, episcopis, abbatibus, prioribus, comitibus, baronibus, justiciariis, vicecomitibus, præpositis, ministris, & omnibus ballivis, & fidelibus suis salutem.
Sciatis nos dedisse, concessisse, & hac cartâ nostrâ confirmasse dilecto & fideli nostro, Petro de Gavaston, militi, totum comitatum nostrum Cornubiæ, cum castris, villis, maneriis, hundredis, dominicis, homagiis, & servitiis liberè tenentium, redditibus, villenagiis, villanis, eorum catallis & sequelis, feodis militum, advocationibus ecclesiarum, abbathiarum, prioratuum, hospitaliuin, capellaniarum, feriis, mercatis, warennis, wrecco maris, & omnibus aliis libertatibus, liberis consuetudinibus, juribus, & aliis rebus quibuscumque, ad prædictum comitatum spectantibus: ac etiam officium vicecomitis dicti comitatûs, stagnariam, & omnes mineras stagminis & plumbi, quæ fuerunt Edmundi, quondam comitis Cornubiæ, in comitatu prædicto.
Dedimus etiam, & concessimus præfato Petro castrum nostrum & manerium de Lideford, cum pertinentiis:
Totam moram & liberam chaceam de Dertemore, cum pertinentiis:
Villam Exon' cum pertinentiis:
Castrum, villam & honorem de Knaresburgh, cum liberâ chaceâ de Knaresburgh, & omnibus aliis pertinentiis suis:
Maneria de Routheclive & Aldburgh, cum membris & aliis pertinentiis suis:
Castrum, villam & honorem de Walyngford, cum pertinentiis:
Manerium de Watlyngton, cum pertinentiis:
Manerium de Bensyngton, cum pertinentiis:
Quatuor hundreda & dimidium Ciltriæ, cum pertinentiis:
Honorem de Sancto Valerico, cum pertinentiis:
Manerium de Beckeleye, cum membris & aliis pertinentiis suis:
Castrum & manerium de Mere, cum membris & aliis pertinentiis suis:
Villam Cicestriæ, cum pertinentiis:
Manerium de Neuport juxta Walden, cum membris & aliis pertinentiis suis:
Villam de Wilton, cum pertinentiis:
Manerium de Cosham, cum pertinentiis; & centum libratas redditûs de manerio de Lychelad, per manus abbatis de Hayles & successorum suorum annuatim percipiendas, cum toto servitio ejusdem abbatis, & successorum suorum prædictorum, indè debito:
Ac etiam omnia alia castra, villas, maneria, terras & tenementa, quæ præfatus Edmundus habuit & tenuit, die obitûs sui, de perquisito suo, & antecessorum suorum, tam de donis & concessionibus progenitorum nostrorum quondam Regum Angliæ, quàm aliorum quorumcumque, in quibuscumque comitatibus Angliæ existant; cum dominicis, homagiis, servitiis liberè tenentium, redditibus, villenagiis, villanis, & eorum sequelis, & catallis, feodis militum, advocationibus ecclesiarum, abbathiarum, prioratuum, hospitalium, & capellaniarum; unà cum feriis, mercatis, warennis, wrecco maris, & omnibus aliis libertatibus, liberis consuetudinibus, juribus, & aliis rebus quibuscumque, ad prædicta castra, villas, maneria, honores, hundreda, terras & tenenienta spectantibus quoquo modo;
Habenda & tenenda eidem Petro, & hæredibus suis, de nobis, & hæredibus nostris, cum omnibus ad prædicta, comitatum, castra, maneria, villas, honores, terras & tenementa, hundreda, officium vicecomitis, stagnariam, mineras & chaceas pertinentibus, sicut prædictum est, imperpetuum, adeò integrè sicut præfatus Edmundus ea tenuit die obitûs sui, & sicut ad manus, celebris memoriæ, domini E. quondam Regis Angliæ, patris nostri devenerunt;
Faciendo nobis & hæredibus nostris servitium feodorum trium militum, pro omni servitio ad nos & hæredes nostros indè pertinente.
Prætereà concessimus eidem Petro, quod omnia castra, maneria, villæ, honores, terræ, tenementa, redditus & hundreda, & officium vicecomitis in comitatu Ruteland, cum feodis militum, advocationibus ecclesiarum, abbathiarum, prioratuum, hospitalium, capellaniarum, servitiis liberè tenentium, villenagiis, villanis eorum, catallis & sequelis, feriis, mercatis, warennis, wrecco maris, & omnibus aliis libertatibus, liberis consuetudinibus, juribus & aliis pertinentiis suis quibuscumque, quæ Margareta, quæ fuit uxor prædicti Edmundi, tenet in dotem de hæreditate nostrâ, & quæ, post mortem ejusdem Margaretæ, ad nos, vel hæredes nostros reverti deberent, post decessum ejusdem Margaretæ, præfato Petro & hæredibus suis remaneant imperpetuum.
Et insuper concessimus eidem Petro, quod centum solidatæ redditûs, quas Willielmus le Keu, ad vitam suam: & centum solidatæ redditûs, quas Philippus de Kanc', ad vitam suam: & decem marcatæ redditûs, quas Henricus de Cicestr' ad vitam suam, per manus majoris & communitatis London', ex dono & concessione prædicti Edmundi percipiunt, de quodam redditu quinquaginta librarum de ripa Reginæ London' debito, & quæ post. mortem prædictorum, Willielmi, Philippi & Henrici, ad nos & hæredes nostros similiter reverti deberent, post decessum prædictorum, Willielmi, Philippi & Henrici, remaneant eidem Petro & hæredibus suis imperpetuum.
Habenda & tenenda eidem Petro, & hæredibus suis, de nobis, & hæredibus nostris, simul cum prædictis, comitatu, castris, maneriis, villis, honoribus, hundredis, redditibus, officiis vicecomitum, stagnariis & mineris, & aliis quibuscumque prænominatis, per servitium supradictum.
Volumus etiam & concedimus, pro nobis, & hæredibus nostris, quod prædictus Petrus & hæredes sui imperpetuum, habeant in prædictis, comitatu, castris, maneriis, villis, honoribus, hundredis, redditibus, dominiis, officiis vicecomitum, chaciis, stagnariis, mineris, & aliis supradictis quibuscumque, omnes libertates, & liberas consuetudines, quas præfatus Edmundus, die obitûs sui, habuit, & quibus usus fuit in eisdem, & libertatibus, & liberis consuetudinibus prædictis plenè gaudeant & utantur.
Quare volumus & firmiter præcipimus, pro nobis, & hæredibus nostris, quòd prædictus Petrus habeat & teneat, de nobis & hæredibus nostris, sibi & hæredibus suis, prædictum comitatum Cornubiæ cum castris, villis, maneriis, hundredis, dominicis, homagiis & serviciis liberè tenentium, redditibus, villenagiis, villanis, eorum catallis & sequelis, feodis militum, advocationibus ecclesiarum, abbathiarum, prioratuum, hospitalium, & capellaniarum, feriis, mercatis, warennis, wrecco maris, & omnibus aliis libertatibus, liberis consuetudinibus, juribus, & aliis rebus quibuscumque, ad prædictum comitatum spectantibus:
Ac etiam officium vicecomitis dicti comitatûs, stagnariam & omnes mineras stagminis & plumbi, quæ fuerunt Edmundi quondam comitis Cornubiæ in comitatu prædicto:
Ac etiam prædicta castrum & manerium de Lydeford, cum pertinentiis:
Totam moram & liberam chaceam de Dertemore, cum pertinentiis; villam Exon' cum pertinentiis; castrum, villam, & honorem de Knaresburgh; cum liberâ chaceâ de Knaresburgh, & omnibus aliis pertinentiis suis:
Maneria de Routheclyf & Aldburgh, cum membris & aliis pertinentiis suis:
Castrum, villam, & honorem de Walyngford, cum pertinentiis:
Manerium de Watlyngton, cum pertinentiis:
Manerium de Bensyngton, cum pertinentiis:
Quatuor hundreda & dimidium Cyltriæ, cum pertinentiis:
Honorem de Sancto Valerico, cum pertinentiís:
Manerium de Bekeleye, cum membris & aliis pertinentiis suis:
Castrum & manerium de Mere, cum membris & aliis pertinentiis suis.
Villam Cicestr', cum pertinentiis:
Manerium de Neuport juxta Walden, cum membris & aliis pertinentiis suis:
Villam de Wylton, cum pertinentiis: Manerium de Cosham, cum pertinentiis:
Et prædictas centum libratas redditûs de manerio de Lychelad, per manus abbatis de Hayles & successorum suorum annuatim percipiendas, cum toto servitio ejusdem abbatis & successorum suorum prædictorum, indè debito:
Ac etiam omnia alia castra, villas, maneria, terras & tenementa, quæ præfatus Edmundus habuit, & tenuit die obitûs sui, de perquisito suo, & antecessorum suorum, tam de donis & concessionibus progenitorum nostrorum quondam Regum Angliæ, quam aliorum quorumcumque, in quibuscumque comitatibus Angliæ existant, cum omnibus ad ea, sicut prædictum est, spectantibus quoquo modo imperpetuum;
Faciendo nobis & hæredibus nostris servitium feodorum trium militum, pro omni servitio ad nos & hæredes nostros indè pertinente.
Et etiam, quod omnia castra, maneria, villæ, honores, terræ, tenementa, redditus, & hundreda, & officium vicecomitis, in comitatu Rotel', cum feodis militum, advocationibus ecclesiarum, abbathiarum, prioratuum, hospitalium, capellaniarum, servitiis liberè tenentium, villenagiis, villanis, & eorum catallis & sequelis, simul cum feriis, mercatis, warennis, wrecco maris, & omnibus aliis libertatibus, liberis consuetudinibus, juribus & aliis pertinentiis suis quibuscumque, quæ prædicta Margareta tenet in dotem de hæreditate nostrâ, & quæ, post mortem ejusdem Margaretæ, ad nos vel hæredes nostros reverti deberent, post decessum ejusdem Margaretæ præfato Petro & hæredibus suis remaneant imperpetuum.
Et quod centum solidatæ redditûs, quas Willielmus le Keu ad vitam suam; & centum solidatæ redditûs, quas Philippus de Kancia, ad vitam suam: & decem mercatæ redditûs, quas Henricus de Cycestr' ad vitam suam, per manus majoris & cornmunitatis London' ex dono & concessione prædicti Edmundi percipiunt, ut prædicitur; & quæ post mortem prædictorum Willielmi, Philippi, & Henrici, ad nos & hæredes nostros similiter reverti deberent, post decessum prædictorum Willielmi, Philippi, & Henrici remaneant eidem Petro & hæredibus suis imperpetuum.
Simul cum prædictis comitatu, castris, maneriis, villis, honoribus, hundredis, redditibus, officiis vicecomitum, stagnariis, & mineris, & aliis supradictis quibuscumque, per servitium supradictum.
Volumus insuper & firmiter præcipimus, pro nobis & hæredibus nostris, quod prædictus Petrus & hæredes sui imperpetuum habeant in prædictis castris, maneriis, villis, honoribus, hundredis, redditibus, dominiis, officiis vicecomitum, chaciis, stagnariis, mineris, & aliis quibuscumque prænominatis, omnes libertates, & liberas consuetudines, quas præfatus Edmundus, die obitus sui, habuit, & quibus usus fuit in eisdem, sicut prædictum est.
Hiis testibus, Henrico de Lacy comite Linc', Thoma comite Lancastriæ, Johanne de Warenna comite Surr', Humfrido de Bouhon comite Hereford' & Essex, & constabulario Angliæ. Edmundo comite de Arundel, Johanne de Britannia comite Richemund', Adomara de Valencia, & aliis. Dat per manum nostram apud Dumfres, VI die Augusti, anno regni nostri primo.
Close Rolls Edward II 1307-1313. 6th August 1307 King Edward II (age 23). Dumfries [Map]. To the treasurer and the barons of the Exchequer. Order to discharge the Abbot of Hayles of £50 Yearly, which he used to pay for the town of Leechelade [Map] to the late Edmund Earl of Cornwall, and, after his death, to the late King, the king having granted the earldom of Cornwall and all the lands of the said Edmund to Peter de Gavaston (age 23), knight.
To the like favour of Michael de Meldon for 4 marks annually for his lands in Worton.
On 6th August 1332 a Scottish army led by Duncan Fife 4th Earl Fife (age 44) and Robert Bruce Lord of Liddesdale unsuccessfully attempted to oppose the forces of King Edward I of Scotland (age 49) landing near Kinghorn, Fife at a skirmish known as the Battle of Wester Kinghorn. Alexander Seton the Younger (age 42) was killed.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough. Edward Balliol, claiming the kingdom of Scotland1, in the beginning of August [6th August 1332], having in his invading army Henry de Beaumont, Earl of Buchan, Gilbert de Umfraville, Earl of Angus, and David, Earl of Atholl, with two thousand five hundred men-at-arms and foot soldiers, entered Scotland at Kinghorn2, where the Earl of Fife and Robert Bruce, the king's illegitimate son, Earl of Carrick, with ten thousand Scots, challenged the English to battle on the shore. But they were driven back by a few archers and other infantry before the men-at-arms could set foot on land, the rest fleeing, along with Alexander de Seton, son of Alexander, and nine hundred knights being killed. Immediately the English advanced toward the abbey of Dunfermline, which was well stocked with provisions.
Edwardus de Baliolo in regnum Scotia vendicans in principio Augusti habens in suo invades exercitu Henricum de-monte comitem de Boghan, Gilbertum de Umfrevile comitem de Angos, et David comitem de Athels, cum duobus millibus et quingentis armatis et peditibus, Scotiam apud Kyncorn intravit, ubi comes de Fif et Robertusrus, filius regis Roberti nothus, comes de Carrik, cum decem millibus Scotorum, Anglicos in ripa ad pugnam provocant, sed per paucos arcitenentes et alios pedites, antequam armati terram tangere possent, repelluntur, reliquis in fugam lapsis, una cum Alexandro de Seton filio Alexandri, milites nongenti interficiuntur, et statim versus abbatiam de Dunfermlin victualibus refertam processerunt.
Note 1. Baliol was secretly encouraged to undertake this expedition by King Edward, who was desirous of an opportunity to recover that superiority over Scotland he had renounced by the treaty of 1328. H. Knyghton, 2560.
Note 2. According to Knyghton, they landed at Kinghorn in Fifeshire, on the 7th of August, with three hundred men-at-arms and about three thousand foot. H. Knyghton, 2560.
On 6th August 1385 Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York (age 44) was created 1st Duke York by King Richard II of England (age 18). Isabella of Castile Duchess York (age 30) by marriage Duchess York.
Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester (age 30) was created 1st Duke Albemarle, and around the same time, 1st Duke Gloucester. Eleanor Bohun Duchess Gloucester (age 19) by marriage Duchess Albemarle and Duchess Gloucester.
Collectanea by John Leland [1502-1552]. The VIth Day of the sayd Monneth [6th August 1503] that was the Sonday, the Qwene was conveyd in fayr Ordre, and Company of her Lordes, Knyghts, Ladyes, Gentylmen, and Gentylwomen to Masse, unto the Chappelle of the said Castell. Ther sche was acompayned of the Lady of the said Place in a Gowne of Cloth of Gold eged with Letyces, Ermynes, and hyr Gentylwomen arayde after the Gyle of the Countrey. And ther was a Sermon of one of the Qbservance.
After the Masse she was conveyd ageyn into hyr Chammer in the Manere before said, wher she satt at Dinner, and beneath the Table, at the lowest Place, the said Lady of the said Place, and the Countesse of Surrey (age 26) with hyr. An other Table was full of Ladies, and lastynge the said Dinner they blew Trompetts, Mynstrells, and Sakeboutts.
After the Dinner, incontynent the Mynstrells of the Chamraer begon to play, and then daunced the Qwene and the Countesse of Surrey, the Vicountesse Lille, and the Daughter of the said Place. And thys doon, they past the Tyme at Games, and in commonyng.
The sam Day at the Houre of Soupper, cam the Kinge, as the Custome precedente, acompayned of the Lords of the Day precedente, and others, to the Nombre of XL Horfys, he being mounted upon a Mewlle. When he entred within the Chammer of the said Qwene, that knewe of his commyng, they kyssed togeder without sparing Cortasy, and to the Ladyes gaffe Salutes. And after, they went asyd in commonyng, to the Tyme that all Thyngs war rady for the Soupper.
Incontynent they watched their Haunds, and satt in the Manere before, allwayes served of the Gentylmen of the Qwene. Ther soupped with them the Byschop of Morrey (age 38), the Erle (age 60) and Countesse of Surrey, the Lady of the said Place, and the Lady Nevill.
After Soupper the Minstrells played, and the Qwene daunced, and after the Kynge tuke Licence, and went to Edenbourgh. He had on a demy Gowne of blak Velvett fourred with Marten, and the Remanent of his Arayment all black.
On 6th August 1504 Archbishop Matthew Parker was born in St Saviour's Church, Norwich [Map].
On 6th August 1514 Archibald Douglas 6th Earl Angus (age 25) and Margaret Tudor Queen Scotland (age 24) were married. She by marriage Countess Angus. She the daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland and Elizabeth York Queen Consort England.
Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic Henry VIII 1517. 6th August 1517. Giust. Desp. II. 113. 3558. Sebastian Giustinian (age 57) to the DOGE.
The Catholic King is in Zealand, waiting to embark. Great cruelties have been committed by the Duke of Gueldres in the invasion of Friesland. As the King, in consequence of the new malady, had withdrawn himself to a distance, found great difficulty in speaking with him. "This disease makes very quick progress, proving fatal in twenty-four hours at the furthest, and many are carried off in four or five hours. The patients experience nothing but a profuse sweat, which dissolves the frame, and when once the twenty-four hours are passed all danger is at an end." Many of his own household are sick. Few strangers are dead, but an immense number of natives. Presented the King with the letters from the Signory and Hadrian, which last he "extracted from the packet addressed by his lordship to the Cardinal of York;" otherwise Wolsey would never have delivered it to his majesty. The King said he was perfectly acquainted with the business, and had heard from the Pope that he intended to deprive and degrade Hadrian. On Sebastian's endeavoring to excuse the Cardinal's absence from Rome, rather than incur danger, the King said: "I understand this matter better than you Venetians;" and seemed greatly exasperated against him. Thinks this is owing to Wolsey. Would have presented the letter to Wolsey, but he "has been ill of this sweating sickness, and would that the perspiration had carried off his wish for these benefices." Many of his household have died from the sweat.
Sebastian's son has returned from the Bp. of Winchester; his audience was delayed because this prelate likewise had taken the sweat. He had a gracious welcome by Fox, who represented the matter as desperate, saying: "We have to deal with the Cardinal, who is not Cardinal but King, and no one in the realm dares attempt aught in opposition to his interests." He was already in possession of the see, and Fox had resigned the administration of it. He said that one of the pontifical briefs greatly exaggerated Hadrian's crimes, and urged that the see of Bath should be given to Wolsey in commendam. But in the second brief the anger of the Pope was much softened, and he seemed to delay the execution of the former one. The second brief, however, is not to be found, and your highness will comprehend by whose means it has been secreted. The Bp. also wrote a letter to Chieregato, of which Sebastian encloses a copy. London, 6 Aug. 1517.
Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic Henry VIII 1528. 6th August 1528. R. O. 4610. Pasqual Spinula to Wolsey.
Was unwilling to wait upon him during the prevalence of the sickness, to explain to him the loss of his alum, which had been sequestrated and sold, and the papal briefs he has received on the subject. Now that matters are quiet, begs that Wolsey will take his case into consideration. London, 6 Aug. 1528. Signed.
P. 1. Add. Endd.
The Life and Reign of King Edward VI. [6th August 1549]. Now the seditious driven almost to a dead dispaire and supported only by the vehemency of desire, brought forth their forces to Clifton heath [Map], to whom many of the most vile vulgars resorted hourely, which much enlarged their numbers but nothing their strength, but what measure have men in the encrease of madnes, if they keepe nor themselves from falling into it, they brought with them a crucifix upon a carte covered with a canopie, and beset with crossses,tapers,banners, holy bread and holy water as a representation of those things for which they fought. The Lord Gray (age 40) encouraged his men to set sharpely upon the vague villaines good neither to live peaceably nor to fight, and to win at once both quiet to the Realme and to themselves glory, so he brought the Kings forces upon them rather as to a carnage then to a fight, insomuch as without any great either losse or danger to themselues, the greatest part of the seditious were slaine, divers also were taken, of whom the common sort were forthwith executed by martiall law, the chiefest leaders were sent to receive justice at Loudon, Some escaped and sailed to Bridgewater, who taking dangers to be the only remedy against dangers, endeavoured to set up the sedition againe, but they were speedily repressed, and thereby the sedition suppressed wholly.
Diary of Edward VI. 6th August 1550. The duke of Somerset (age 50) departid to Reding to take an ordre there.
On 6th August 1561 John Knox (age 47) wrote to Queen Elizabeth I of England and Ireland (age 27):
Grace from god the father throught our Lord Jesus with perpetuall Encrease of his holie spiritt.
May it please your majestie that it is heir [here] certainlie spoken that the Quen of Scotland traveleht [travails, or is attempting] earnestlie to have a treatiss intitilled the ferst blast of the trompett [con]futed by the censure of the learned in divers realmes, and father that she lauboreht to inflambe the hartes of princess against the writer And becaus that it may appear that your majestie hath interest, that she myndeht [mindeth] to travall with your grace, your graces counsall, and learned menn for Judgement against such a common enemey to womenn and to thare regiment. It were but foolishnes to me to prescribe unto your majestie what is to be donn in any thing, but especiallie in such thinges as men suppos do tuoch [touch] my self…'
On 6th August 1604 Bernhard Wettin was born to Johann Wettin II Duke Saxe Weimar (age 34) and Dorothea Maria Anhalt at Weimar.
Annals of the six Kings of England by Nicholas Trivet
Translation of the Annals of the Six Kings of England by that traces the rise and rule of the Angevin aka Plantagenet dynasty from the mid-12th to early 14th century. Written by the Dominican scholar Nicholas Trivet, the work offers a vivid account of English history from the reign of King Stephen through to the death of King Edward I, blending political narrative with moral reflection. Covering the reigns of six monarchs—from Stephen to Edward I—the chronicle explores royal authority, rebellion, war, and the shifting balance between crown, church, and nobility. Trivet provides detailed insight into defining moments such as baronial conflicts, Anglo-French rivalry, and the consolidation of royal power under Edward I, whose reign he describes with particular immediacy. The Annals combines careful year-by-year reporting with thoughtful interpretation, presenting history not merely as a sequence of events but as a moral and political lesson. Ideal for readers interested in medieval history, kingship, and the origins of the English state, this chronicle remains a valuable and accessible window into the turbulent world of the Plantagenet kings.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 6th August 1633 Archbishop William Laud (age 59) was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury.
John Evelyn's Diary. 6th August 1650. To Mr. Walker's (age 51), a good painter, who showed me an excellent copy of Titian.
On 6th August 1660 Diego Velázquez (age 61) died.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 6th August 1666. Up, and to the office a while, and then by water to my Baroness Montagu's (age 41), at Westminster, and there visited my Lord Hinchingbroke (age 18), newly come from Hinchingbroke [Map], and find him a mighty sober gentleman, to my great content.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 6th August 1666. Thence to Sir Ph. Warwicke (age 56) and my Lord Treasurer's (age 59), but failed in my business; so home and in Fenchurch-streete [Map] met with Mr. Battersby; says he, "Do you see Dan Rawlinson's (age 52) door shut up?" (which I did, and wondered). "Why", says he, "after all the sickness, and himself spending all the last year in the country, one of his men is now dead of the plague, and his wife and one of his mayds sicke, and himself shut up"; which troubles me mightily.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 6th August 1667. Up, and to the office, where all the morning very full of business. A full Board. Here, talking of news, my Lord Anglesey (age 53) did tell us that the Dutch do make a further bogle with us about two or three things, which they will be satisfied in, he says, by us easily; but only in one, it seems, they do demand that we shall not interrupt their East Indiamen coming home, and of which they are in some fear; and we are full of hopes that we have 'light upon some of them, and carried them into Lisbon, by Harman (age 42); which God send! But they, which do shew the low esteem they have of us, have the confidence to demand that we shall have a cessation on our parts, and yet they at liberty to take what they will; which is such an affront, as another cannot be devised greater.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 6th August 1668. Waked betimes, and my wife, at an hour's warning, is resolved to go with me, which pleases me, her readiness. But, before ready, comes a letter from Fitzgerald, that he is seized upon last night by an order of the General's by a file of musqueteers, and kept prisoner in his chamber. The Duke of York (age 34) did tell me of it to-day: it is about a quarrel between him and Witham, and they fear a challenge: so I to him, and sent my wife by the coach round to Lambeth. I lost my labour going to his lodgings, and he in bed: and, staying a great while for him, I at last grew impatient, and would stay no longer; but to St. James's to Mr. Wren (age 39), to bid him "God be with you!" and so over the water to Fox Hall; and there my wife and Deb. come and took me up, and we away to Gilford [Map], losing our way for three or four mile, about Cobham. At Gilford [Map] we dined; and, I shewed them the hospitall there of Bishop Abbot's, and his tomb in the church, which, and the rest of the tombs there, are kept mighty clean and neat, with curtains before them.
On 6th August 1669 Louis Bourbon Vendôme 2nd Duke Vendôme (age 56) died. His son Louis (age 15) succeeded 3rd Duke Vendôme.
John Evelyn's Diary. 6th August 1674. I went to Groombridge, Kent [Map], to see my old friend, Mr. Packer (age 56); the house [Map] built within a moat, in a woody valley. The old house had been the place of confinement of the Duke of Orléans, taken by one Waller (whose house it then was) at the Battle of Agincourt, now demolished, and a new one built in its place, though a far better situation had been on the south of the wood, on a graceful ascent. At some small distance, is a large chapel, not long since built by Mr. Packer's father, on a vow he made to do it on the return of King Charles I out of Spain, 1625, and dedicated to St. Charles, but what saint there was then of that name I am to seek, for, being a Protestant, I conceive it was not Borromeo.
On 6th August 1691 Mary Compton Countess Dorset and Middlesex (age 22) died of smallpox.
John Evelyn's Diary. 6th August 1698. I dined with Pepys (age 65), where was Captain Dampier (age 46), who had been a famous buccaneer, had brought hither the painted Prince Job, and printed a relation of his very strange adventure, and his observations. He was now going abroad again by the King's (age 47) encouragement, who furnished a ship of 290 tons. He seemed a more modest man than one would imagine by the relation of the crew he had assorted with. He brought a map of his observations of the course of the winds in the South Sea, and assured us that the maps hitherto extant were all false as to the Pacific Sea, which he makes on the south of the line, that on the north end running by the coast of Peru being extremely tempestuous.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 6th August 1699 Albert Saxe Gotha Duke Saxe Coburg (age 51) died at Coburg. His brother John (age 40) succeeded IV Duke Saxe Coburg Saalfeld.
Stonehenge by William Stukeley. Table XXIX. Prospect of the Cursus & Stonehenge from the North Aug 6. 1723. A. The Entrance of the Avenue [Map]. B. The 7 Barrows. C. The Kings Barrow [Coneybury Hill Barrow [Map]?]. D. Salisbury Steeple [Map]. E. Stonehenge. [The Stonehenge Greater Cursus in the foreground. Appears to have been sketched from highground at Larkhill [Map]]
On 6th August 1725 Duke Louis of Mecklenburg-Schwerin was born to Christian Ludwig II Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (age 42). He married 13th May 1755 his second cousin twice removed Charlotte Sophie Saxe Coburg Saalfeld, daughter of Francis Josias Saxe Coburg Saalfeld Duke Saxe Coburg Saalfeld and Duchess Anna Sophie Of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, and had issue.
On 6th August 1746 Christian VI King of Denmark and Norway (age 46) died. His son Frederick (age 23) succeeded V King of Denmark and Norway.
On 6th August 1775 Duke Louis Antoine of Angoulême was born to King Charles X of France (age 17) and Maria Teresa of Savoy (age 19). Coefficient of inbreeding 2.25%. He married 10th June 1799 his first cousin Duchess Marie-Thérèse Duchess of Angoulême, daughter of Louis XVI King France and Queen Marie Antoinette of France.
On 6th August 1785 George Harcourt was born to Archbishop Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt (age 27) and Anne Leveson-Gower (age 24). He married (1) 27th March 1815 his sixth cousin Elizabeth Bingham, daughter of Richard Bingham 2nd Earl Lucan and Elizabeth Belasyse Duchess Norfolk, and had issue (2) 30th September 1847 Frances Braham Countess Waldegrave.
On 6th August 1837 Harriet Mellon Duchess St Albans (age 59) died. Her step-grand-daughter Angela Burdett-Coutts 1st Baroness Burdett-Coutts (age 23) inherited the Coutts fortune of around £1.8 million (equivalent to £170,000,000 in 2021).
Memorial at Saint Michael and All Angels Church, Church Broughton [Map] to Lucy, daughter of Reverend John Wiliams, who died 22nd April 1839, and her brother William Lewis Williams, who died at Pleasant Valley, Davenport, Iowa, North America, on 6th August 1848, aged 21, and to their mother Jane Cullingworth, who died 30th October 1846, aged 52 years.
On 6th August 1840 John Murray aka Stewart-Murray 7th Duke of Atholl was born to George Augustus Frederick Murray 6th Duke Atholl (age 25).
On 6th August 1844 Prince Alfred Windsor was born to Prince Albert Saxe Coburg Gotha (age 24) and Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom (age 25) at Windsor Castle [Map]. Coefficient of inbreeding 7.25%. He married 23rd January 1874 his third cousin once removed Maria Holstein Gottorp Romanov and had issue.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
Vestiges of the Antiquities of Derbyshire. On the 6th of August 1844 was opened a most interesting barrow upon Wardlow Common which is known by the name of Rolley Lowe [Map]; it is a mound of considerable magnitude, being forty-five feet in diameter, and five feet in height at the centre. As the discoveries made in this barrow are of a very miscellaneous character, and of various dates, it will be the most simple course to record them in the order in which they occurred: in the course of the central excavation, in which all the relics were found, about a foot from the surface, and dispersed amongst the soil which was found to be unmingled with stones to the depth of eighteen inches, were found a few human bones and teeth, and a third brass coin of Constantino the Great; near the bottom of this upper stratum of soil, where it began to be slightly mixed with stones, a brass pin, two inches and three quarters in length, square at the thicker end for insertion into a handle, was found. About three feet from the surface of the mound, a central area about eight feet in diameter was discovered, which seemed to be walled out in a circular form, and divided into five partitions by large limestones, so as to exhibit a ground plan similar to a roulette-table. There was no appearance of any of these vaults having been protected by coverings; when discovered, each was filled with small stones, amongst which lay the skeletons, which occupied all these partitions, whilst in one was also an urn. But to resume the particulars in the order before stated; in the first examined recess was a human skeleton, minus the head but complete in other respects; with this interment was deposited the under jaw of a child; in the next compartment was a skeleton without any accompaniment: in the following cist was a large and coarse urn, inverted over a deposit of calcined human bones, amongst which was a large red deer's horn, also calcined; the urn was about sixteen inches in height, and twelve in diameter; and, owing to its size and fragile texture, was broken to pieces in the attempt made to remove it; near the urn was a skeleton with a fine and well-preserved skull. In the last examined division, which was the northern-most, lay a human skeleton, with which were deposited a large horn from the red deer, and the jaw of an otter. Proceeding down about a foot lower than the level upon which all these skeletons were laid, another skeleton was found laid upon a large stone, on the level of the natural soil; it was accompanied by three rude instruments of flint, and the head lay directly beneath the large urn before mentioned: the stone in question measured in length six feet, and in breadth about four feet, being upon the surface of the ground it was at first thought to be rock but a piece being broken off, disclosed to view a sight such as is seldom witnessed by the barrow-digger, and which repays him for his frequent disappointments; this was a cist or vault, three feet in length, two feet in width, and eighteen inches in depth, formed of four smooth limestone slabs, having a fifth as a pavement, all the angles and joints having been so effectually secured by a pointing of tenacious clay, that not a particle of soil had entered this primitive coffin, the workmanship of which was in every respect neat and accurate. It was tenanted by a skeleton with contracted knees, whose bones, though much decayed, lay in the posture they had assumed on the decomposition of their fleshy covering; in the rear of the skeleton, was laid on one side a highly ornamented urn, of rude but chaste design, and in various situations in the cist were found two very neat arrow-heads of flint, of uncommon form, a large tusk of the wild boar, seven inches in length, and a piece of tempered clay, to which adhered some fragments of decayed wood. The excavation for the vault was made in the natural soil, and from the floor of the cist to the summit of the tumulus was at least six feet six inches. The undermentioned articles, which did not appear to be connected with any of the interments, were found in various situations, throughout the interior of the barrow; namely, a fragment of an ornamented drinking-cup, a spear-head of coarse flint, and similar workmanship, a few animal teeth, and rats' bones "ad infinitum". The outer circumference of the major part of this barrow was constructed of some description of clayey composition, which had become as hard as a turnpike road.
On 6th August 1845 John Campbell 9th Duke Argyll was born to George Douglas Campbell 8th Duke Argyll (age 22) and Elizabeth Georgiana Leveson-Gower Duchess Argyll. He married 21st May 1871 Princess Louise Caroline Alberta Windsor Duchess Argyll, daughter of Prince Albert Saxe Coburg Gotha and Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
Ten Years' Digging. On the 6th of August we made a section into the smallest of two mounds, near Parwich, situated in a field, called, I believe, from the owner or occupier, Saint's Low [Map], in a low situation near a small watercourse. The composition of the mound, notwithstanding its affix of "Low," indicating no artificial origin, the investigation was relinquished without our interfering with the larger mound close by.
On 6th August 1851 Mary Charlotte Montagu-Douglas-Scott was born to Walter Scott 5th Duke Buccleuch 7th Duke Queensberry and Charlotte Anne Thynne Duchess Buccleuch Duchess Queensbury (age 40). She married 24th July 1877 her second cousin Colonel Walter Rodolph Trefusis, son of Charles Rudolph Trefusis 19th Baron Clinton and Elizabeth Georgiana Kerr Baroness Clinton, and had issue.
The Diary of George Price Boyce 1865. 6th August 1865. Called on Gabriel Rossetti (age 37). He and Fanny1 only there. He was at work upon a drawing of a girl washing her hands, and of her lover; the former painted from Ellen Smith, the latter from Howell.
Note 1. Probably Fanny Waugh (age 32) who married William Holman Hunt (age 38) in December 1865.
After 6th August 1915. Monument in Ripon Cathedral [Map] to Thomas Crow Kirk killed at the landing at Sulva Bay.
After 6th August 1927. Monument to Samuel Herbert Valentine (deceased) at St Laurence's Church, Ludlow [Map].
Samuel Herbert Valentine: In 1857 he was born. In 1913 he was appointed Mayor of Ludlow, Shropshire [Map] which office he held until 1917. On 14th August 1914, Tuesday, the Town Crier of Ludlow Richard Morgan paraded the streets in full regalia calling upon our town's people to gather outside the Old Town Hall in Castle Square. The subsequent crowd of some three thousand listened on as the Mayor of Ludlow Councillor Samuel Valentine officially announced the declaration of war from the Town Hall's balcony. The 10.13am train the following day was packed with men heading off to the Kings Shropshire Light Infantry depot in Shrewsbury; the platform was crowded with mothers, wives and children waving farewell. On 6th August 1927 he died.
6th August 1931. Church of the Holy Trinity Embleton [Map]. Memorials to members of the Wood, Wilson and Edwards families.
After 6th August 1931. Church of the Holy Trinity Embleton [Map]. Memorial to Percy Adams who with William Butters gave in life in an attempt to save Albert Butters from drowning in the River Tweed on 06 Aug 1931.
From Craster Living History:
On the Thursday following at 12 o'clock, Albert Butters was playing around the edge of the river, with all the other scouts. He being the adventurous type, he waded deeper, although he couldn't swim. Desmond, who was looking on, heard a scream as Albert got into difficulties and watched frantically as William Butters who could not swim, ran into the water to aid him. He grasped hold of him to hold him up and at this point Percy Adams, who was in a boat nearby, had seen the commotion, and he dived overboard to swim to them, but on reaching them he too was pulled under by a strong current.
One of the seven remaining scouts ran to the 18th, 19th and 24th Midlothian Girl Guides which was about 200 yards away to obtain help, whilst the other 6 stood on the bank, powerless to help. When the Guides arrived, Miss Stewart, the leader, organized two girls who were strong swimmers to swim into the area, and look to see if they could find them. They couldn't find the boys or Percy Adams. Eventually the police arrived and at that point Miss Stewart sent the guides back to their camp and she took charge of the 7 remaining scouts, and drove them back to Craster.
On 6th August 1944 Charles Oliver Edward Fitzroy (age 21) was killed in action during the invasion of Normandy.
On 6th August 1975 Alfonso Orléans Galliera Duke Galliera (age 88) died at Sanlúcar de Barrameda.
On 6th August 1975 Simon Elwes (age 73) died.
Adam Murimuth's Continuation and Robert of Avesbury’s 'The Wonderful Deeds of King Edward III'
This volume brings together two of the most important contemporary chronicles for the reign of Edward III and the opening phases of the Hundred Years’ War. Written in Latin by English clerical observers, these texts provide a vivid and authoritative window into the political, diplomatic, and military history of fourteenth-century England and its continental ambitions. Adam Murimuth Continuatio's Chronicarum continues an earlier chronicle into the mid-fourteenth century, offering concise but valuable notices on royal policy, foreign relations, and ecclesiastical affairs. Its annalistic structure makes it especially useful for establishing chronology and tracing the development of events year by year. Complementing it, Robert of Avesbury’s De gestis mirabilibus regis Edwardi tertii is a rich documentary chronicle preserving letters, treaties, and official records alongside narrative passages. It is an indispensable source for understanding Edward III’s claim to the French crown, the conduct of war, and the mechanisms of medieval diplomacy. Together, these works offer scholars, students, and enthusiasts a reliable and unembellished account of a transformative period in English and European history. Essential for anyone interested in medieval chronicles, the Hundred Years’ War, or the reign of Edward III.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 6th August 1504 Archbishop Matthew Parker was born in St Saviour's Church, Norwich [Map].
On 6th August 1584 Robert Pierrepont 1st Earl Kingston was born to Henry Pierrepont (age 38) and Frances Cavendish (age 36). He married 8th January 1601 Gertrude Talbot Baroness Pierrepont Holme Pierrepoint and had issue.
On 6th August 1591 Ann Kemp Lady Skipwith was born to Thomas Kempe (age 39). She married before 16th September 1615 Henry Skipwith 1st Baronet and had issue.
On 6th August 1604 Bernhard Wettin was born to Johann Wettin II Duke Saxe Weimar (age 34) and Dorothea Maria Anhalt at Weimar.
On 6th August 1674 Jasper Cullum 4th Baronet was born to John Cullum (age 41). He married before 7th May 1699 Anne Wyatt Lady Cullum and had issue.
On 6th August 1725 Duke Louis of Mecklenburg-Schwerin was born to Christian Ludwig II Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (age 42). He married 13th May 1755 his second cousin twice removed Charlotte Sophie Saxe Coburg Saalfeld, daughter of Francis Josias Saxe Coburg Saalfeld Duke Saxe Coburg Saalfeld and Duchess Anna Sophie Of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, and had issue.
On 6th August 1726 James Harington 7th Baronet was born to James Harington 6th Baronet.
On 6th August 1767 Richard White 1st Earl Bantry was born to Simon White. He married 3rd November 1799 Margaret Anne Hare Countess Bantry, daughter of William Hare 1st Earl Listowel, and had issue.
On 6th August 1775 Duke Louis Antoine of Angoulême was born to King Charles X of France (age 17) and Maria Teresa of Savoy (age 19). Coefficient of inbreeding 2.25%. He married 10th June 1799 his first cousin Duchess Marie-Thérèse Duchess of Angoulême, daughter of Louis XVI King France and Queen Marie Antoinette of France.
On 6th August 1781 Lawrence Pleydell-Bouverie was born to Jacob Pleydell-Bouverie 2nd Earl Radnor (age 31) and Anne Duncombe Countess Radnor (age 23).
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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On 6th August 1785 George Harcourt was born to Archbishop Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt (age 27) and Anne Leveson-Gower (age 24). He married (1) 27th March 1815 his sixth cousin Elizabeth Bingham, daughter of Richard Bingham 2nd Earl Lucan and Elizabeth Belasyse Duchess Norfolk, and had issue (2) 30th September 1847 Frances Braham Countess Waldegrave.
On 6th August 1790 Marianne Dallas was born to George Dallas 1st Baronet (age 32) and Margaret Catherine Blackwood Lady Dallas. She married 11th February 1809 Peter Parker 2nd Baronet and had issue.
On 6th August 1796 John Abbott 2nd Baron Tenterden was born to Charles Abbott 1st Baron Tenterden (age 33) and Mary Lamotte.
On 6th August 1807 Francis Jarvis Stapleton 7th Baronet was born to Thomas Stapleton 12th Baron Despencer (age 40) and Elizabeth Eliot Baroness Despencer (age 49).
On 6th August 1809 Alfred Tennyson 1st Baron Tennyson was born to George Clayton Tennyson (age 30) at Somersby. He married 13th June 1850 Emily Sellwood Baroness Tennyson and had issue.
On 6th August 1812 Arthur Hill 4th Marquess Downshire was born to Arthur Blundell Sandys Trumbull Hill 3rd Marquess Downshire (age 23) and Maria Windsor Marchioness Downshire (age 22). He married 23rd August 1837 his fifth cousin once removed Caroline Stapleton-Cotton Marchioness Downshire, daughter of Stapleton Cotton 1st Viscount Combermere and Caroline Greville Viscountess Comberemere, and had issue.
On 6th August 1820 Henry Thompson 1st Baronet was born.
On 6th August 1833 Atholl Liddell 3rd Earl of Ravensworth was born to Henry Thomas Liddell 1st Earl Ravensworth (age 36) and Isabella Horatia Seymour. He married 9th October 1866 Caroline Cecelia Edgecumbe Countess Revensworth and Mount Edgecumbe.
On 6th August 1840 John Murray aka Stewart-Murray 7th Duke of Atholl was born to George Augustus Frederick Murray 6th Duke Atholl (age 25).
On 6th August 1844 Prince Alfred Windsor was born to Prince Albert Saxe Coburg Gotha (age 24) and Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom (age 25) at Windsor Castle [Map]. Coefficient of inbreeding 7.25%. He married 23rd January 1874 his third cousin once removed Maria Holstein Gottorp Romanov and had issue.
On 6th August 1845 John Campbell 9th Duke Argyll was born to George Douglas Campbell 8th Duke Argyll (age 22) and Elizabeth Georgiana Leveson-Gower Duchess Argyll. He married 21st May 1871 Princess Louise Caroline Alberta Windsor Duchess Argyll, daughter of Prince Albert Saxe Coburg Gotha and Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
On 6th August 1849 Henry Bromley 5th Baronet was born to Henry Bromley 4th Baronet (age 32) and Charlotte Rolleston (age 31). He married 23rd January 1873 Adela Richards Lady Bromley and had issue.
On 6th August 1851 Mary Charlotte Montagu-Douglas-Scott was born to Walter Scott 5th Duke Buccleuch 7th Duke Queensberry and Charlotte Anne Thynne Duchess Buccleuch Duchess Queensbury (age 40). She married 24th July 1877 her second cousin Colonel Walter Rodolph Trefusis, son of Charles Rudolph Trefusis 19th Baron Clinton and Elizabeth Georgiana Kerr Baroness Clinton, and had issue.
On 6th August 1868 Edward Charles Rowley Littleton 4th Baron Hatherton was born to Edward George Littleton 3rd Baron Hatherton (age 25) and Charlotte Louisa Rowley Baroness Hatherton (age 23).
On 6th August 1885 William Bingham Compton 6th Marquess Northampton was born to William George Spencer Scott Compton 5th Marquess Northampton (age 34) and Mary Florence Baring Marchioness Northampton (age 25). He married (1) 15th October 1921 his second cousin once removed Emma Margery Thynne Marchioness Northampton, daughter of Thomas Henry Thynne 5th Marquess of Bath and Violet Caroline Mordaunt Marchioness Bath (2) 18th June 1942 Virginia Lucie Heaton Marchioness Northampton and had issue (3) 2nd December 1958 Elspeth Grace Whitaker Marchioness Northampton.
On 6th August 1890 Wentworth Henry Canning Beaumont 2nd Viscount Allendale was born to Wentworth Canning Blackett Beaumont 1st Viscount Allendale (age 29) and Alexandrina Louise Maud Vane-Tempest Viscountess Allendale (age 26). He married 20th July 1921 Violet Lucy Emily Seely Viscountess Allendale, daughter of Charles Hilton Seely 2nd Baronet, and had issue.
On 6th August 1894 Hugh Napier Douglas-Pennant 4th Baron Penrhyn was born to Edward Sholto Douglas-Pennant 3rd Baron Penrhyn (age 30) and Blanche Georgiana Fitzroy Baroness Penrhyn. He married 25th April 1922 Sybil Mary Hardinge Countess Fortescue, daughter of Henry Charles Hardinge 3rd Viscount Hardinge and Mary Frances Neville Marchioness Abergavenny.
On 6th August 1901 Thomas Burdett Money-Coutts 7th Baron Latymer was born to Hugh Burdett Money-Coutts 6th Baron Latymer (age 24) and Hester Frances Russell.
Adam Murimuth's Continuation and Robert of Avesbury’s 'The Wonderful Deeds of King Edward III'
This volume brings together two of the most important contemporary chronicles for the reign of Edward III and the opening phases of the Hundred Years’ War. Written in Latin by English clerical observers, these texts provide a vivid and authoritative window into the political, diplomatic, and military history of fourteenth-century England and its continental ambitions. Adam Murimuth Continuatio's Chronicarum continues an earlier chronicle into the mid-fourteenth century, offering concise but valuable notices on royal policy, foreign relations, and ecclesiastical affairs. Its annalistic structure makes it especially useful for establishing chronology and tracing the development of events year by year. Complementing it, Robert of Avesbury’s De gestis mirabilibus regis Edwardi tertii is a rich documentary chronicle preserving letters, treaties, and official records alongside narrative passages. It is an indispensable source for understanding Edward III’s claim to the French crown, the conduct of war, and the mechanisms of medieval diplomacy. Together, these works offer scholars, students, and enthusiasts a reliable and unembellished account of a transformative period in English and European history. Essential for anyone interested in medieval chronicles, the Hundred Years’ War, or the reign of Edward III.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 6th August 1909 Diana Grove Countess of Albermarle was born. She married 24th February 1931 Walter Keppel 9th Earl Albermarle, son of Arnold Keppel 8th Earl Albermarle and Gertrude Egerton Countess Albemarle, and had issue.
On 6th August 1928 David Montagu 4th Baron Swaythling was born to Stuart Albert Montagu 3rd Baron Swaythling (age 30).
On 6th August 1956 Anthony Edmund Cooke-Yarborough 13th Baronet was born to Edmund Harry Cooke-Yarborough (age 37).
On 6th August 1462 William Beaumont 2nd Viscount Beaumont (age 24) and Joan Stafford Viscountess Beaumont (age 20) were married. She by marriage Viscountess Beaumont. She the daughter of Humphrey Stafford 1st Duke of Buckingham and Anne Neville Duchess Buckingham (age 54). He the son of John Beaumont 1st Viscount Beaumont and Katherine Neville Duchess Norfolk (age 62). They were first cousins. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
On 6th August 1514 Archibald Douglas 6th Earl Angus (age 25) and Margaret Tudor Queen Scotland (age 24) were married. She by marriage Countess Angus. She the daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland and Elizabeth York Queen Consort England.
On 6th August 1695 William Ramsden 2nd Baronet (age 23) and Elizabeth Lowther Lady Ramsden (age 18) were married. She by marriage Lady Ramsden of Byram in Yorkshire.
On 6th August 1730 John Thorold 8th Baronet (age 27) and Elizabeth Ayton Lady Thorold were married.
On 6th August 1751 Arthur Brooke 1st Baronet (age 25) and Margaret Fortescue (age 23) were married.
On 6th August 1789 Richard Cavendish 2nd Baron Waterpark (age 24) and Juliana Cooper Baroness Waterpark (age 22) were married. They had nine children.
On 6th August 1814 Fitzroy James Henry Somerset 1st Baron Raglan (age 25) and Emily Harriet Wellesley-Pole Baroness Raglan (age 22) were married. She the daughter of William Wellesley aka Wellesley-Pole 3rd Earl Mornington (age 51) and Katherine Forbes Countess Mornington (age 53). He the son of Henry Somerset 5th Duke Beaufort and Elizabeth Boscawen Duchess Beaufort (age 67). They were fifth cousins.
Annals of the six Kings of England by Nicholas Trivet
Translation of the Annals of the Six Kings of England by that traces the rise and rule of the Angevin aka Plantagenet dynasty from the mid-12th to early 14th century. Written by the Dominican scholar Nicholas Trivet, the work offers a vivid account of English history from the reign of King Stephen through to the death of King Edward I, blending political narrative with moral reflection. Covering the reigns of six monarchs—from Stephen to Edward I—the chronicle explores royal authority, rebellion, war, and the shifting balance between crown, church, and nobility. Trivet provides detailed insight into defining moments such as baronial conflicts, Anglo-French rivalry, and the consolidation of royal power under Edward I, whose reign he describes with particular immediacy. The Annals combines careful year-by-year reporting with thoughtful interpretation, presenting history not merely as a sequence of events but as a moral and political lesson. Ideal for readers interested in medieval history, kingship, and the origins of the English state, this chronicle remains a valuable and accessible window into the turbulent world of the Plantagenet kings.
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On 6th August 1842 Thomas Grey 5th Baron Walsingham (age 38) and Augusta Louisa Frankland Baroness Walsingham were married. She by marriage Baroness Walsingham of Walsingham in Norfolk.
On 6th August 1846 George Finch-Hatton 6th Earl Nottingham 11th Earl Winchilsea (age 31) and Constance Henrietta Paget Countess Nottingham Winchilsea (age 23) were married. She the daughter of Henry Paget 2nd Marquess Anglesey (age 49) and Eleanora Campbell. He the son of George Finch-Hatton 5th Earl Nottingham 10th Earl Winchilsea (age 55) and Georgiana Charlotte Graham Countess Nottingham Winchelsea.
On 6th August 1851 Henry Edwyn Chandos Scudamore Stanhope 9th Earl of Chesterfield (age 30) and Dorothea Hay Countess Chesterfield (age 23) were married at St John's Church Edinburgh.
On 6th August 1902 Oswald Partington 2nd Baron Doverdale (age 30) and Clara Isabel Murray Baroness Doverdale (age 21) were married.
On 6th August 1906 George Gordon 2nd Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair (age 27) and Mary Florence Clixby Marchioness of Aberdeen and Temair (age 49) were married. She the mother of his classmate Edward Cockayne at Balliol College. The difference in their ages was 22 years; she, unusually, being older than him. He the son of John Hamilton-Gordon 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair (age 59) and Isabel Marjoribanks Marchioness of Aberdeen and Ternair (age 49).
On 6th August 1913 George Cholmondeley 5th Marquess Cholmondeley (age 30) and Sybil Sassoon Marchioness Cholmondeley (age 19) were married. He the son of George Cholmondeley 4th Marquess Cholmondeley (age 55) and Winifred Kingscote Marchioness Cholmondeley.
On 6th August 761 Oswine Aetheling was killed by Æthelwald Moll King of Northumbria.
On 6th August 1027 Richard Normandy III Duke Normandy (age 25) died. His brother Robert (age 27) succeeded I Duke Normandy.
On 6th August 1162 Raymond V Count Barcelona (age 48) died. His son Alfonso (age 5) succeeded II Count Barcelona.
On 6th August 1195 Henry "Lion" Welf XII Duke Saxony III Duke Bavaria (age 66) died at Ravensburg. Otto Wittelsbach I Duke Bavaria succeeded I Duke Bavaria. Agnes Loon Duchess Bavaria by marriage Duchess Bavaria.
On 6th August 1254 or 9th August 1254 Bishop Hugh of Northwold died. He was buried at Ely Cathedral [Map].
On 6th August 1270 David Strathbogie 8th Earl Atholl died at Tunis [Map]. His son John (age 4) succeeded 9th Earl Atholl.
The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 6th August 1316 William Ros 1st Baron Ros Helmsley (age 61) died. He was buried at Kirkham Priory North Yorkshire [Map]. His son William (age 31) succeeded 2nd Baron Ros Helmsley and inherited Belvoir Castle [Map].
On 6th August 1332 a Scottish army led by Duncan Fife 4th Earl Fife (age 44) and Robert Bruce Lord of Liddesdale unsuccessfully attempted to oppose the forces of King Edward I of Scotland (age 49) landing near Kinghorn, Fife at a skirmish known as the Battle of Wester Kinghorn. Alexander Seton the Younger (age 42) was killed.
On 6th August 1393 John Ros 5th Baron Ros Helmsley (age 24) died at Paphos returning from Pilgrimage. He was buried at Rievaulx Abbey, Yorkshire [Map]. His brother William (age 23) succeeded 6th Baron Ros Helmsley and inherited Belvoir Castle [Map].
On 6th August 1451 Elizabeth Bassett Baroness Grey Codnor (age 79) died.
On 6th August 1638 James Stewart 3rd Earl of Moray (age 47) died. His son James (age 27) succeeded 4th Earl Moray.
On 6th August 1645 Lionel Cranfield 1st Earl Middlesex (age 70) died. His son James (age 24) succeeded 2nd Earl Middlesex, 2nd Baron Cranfield of Cranfield in Bedfordshire.
On 6th August 1660 Diego Velázquez (age 61) died.
On 6th August 1666 William Wheler 1st Baronet (age 55) died. He was buried at All Saints Church, Derby [Map]. His half first cousin Charles (age 46) succeeded 2nd Baronet Wheler of the City of Westminster. Dorothy Bindlosse Lady Wheler (age 40) by marriage Lady Wheler of the City of Westminster.
On 6th August 1669 Louis Bourbon Vendôme 2nd Duke Vendôme (age 56) died. His son Louis (age 15) succeeded 3rd Duke Vendôme.
On 6th August 1691 Mary Compton Countess Dorset and Middlesex (age 22) died of smallpox.
On 6th August 1692 John Carew 3rd Baronet (age 56) died. His son Richard (age 9) succeeded 4th Baronet Carew of Antony in Cornwall.
On 6th August 1699 Albert Saxe Gotha Duke Saxe Coburg (age 51) died at Coburg. His brother John (age 40) succeeded IV Duke Saxe Coburg Saalfeld.
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 6th August 1726 Charles Adams 4th Baronet (age 66) died without male issue. His brother Robert (age 65) succeeded 5th Baronet Adams of London.
On 6th August 1727 John Curzon 3rd Baronet (age 53) died having been thrown from his horse whilst hunting. His brother Nathaniel (age 51) succeeded 4th Baronet Curzon of Kedleston in Derbyshire, 4th Baronet Curzon of Nova Scotia. Mary Assheton Baroness Curzon (age 33) by marriage Lady Curzon of Kedleston in Derbyshire.
On 6th August 1730 Bishop Thomas Vesey 1st Baronet (age 62) died. He was buried at St Anne's Church, Dublin. His son John succeeded 2nd Baronet Vesey of Abbeyleix.
On 6th August 1745 Henry Shirley 3rd Earl Ferrers (age 53) died at Kensington Gore. His nephew Laurence (age 24) succeeded 4th Earl Ferrers, 10th Baronet Shirley of Staunton Harold in Leicestershire.
On 6th August 1746 Christian VI King of Denmark and Norway (age 46) died. His son Frederick (age 23) succeeded V King of Denmark and Norway.
On 6th August 1754 John Wodehouse 4th Baronet (age 85) died. His son Armine (age 40) succeeded 5th Baronet Woodhouse of Wilberhall. Letitia Bacon Lady Woodhouse (age 39) by marriage Lady Woodhouse of Wilberhall.
On 6th August 1794 Henry Bathurst 2nd Earl Bathurst (age 80) died at Oakley Grove Cirencester, Gloucestershire. His son Henry (age 32) succeeded 3rd Earl Bathurst of Bathurst in Sussex, 3rd Baron Bathurst. Georgiana Lennox Countess Bathurst (age 28) by marriage Countess Bathurst of Bathurst in Sussex.
On 6th August 1825 Frederick Henniker 2nd Baronet (age 32) died unmarried. He was buried at St Mary's Church, Great Dunmow. His brother Augustus (age 30) succeeded 3rd Baronet Henniker of Newton Hall in Essex.
On 6th August 1837 Harriet Mellon Duchess St Albans (age 59) died. Her step-grand-daughter Angela Burdett-Coutts 1st Baroness Burdett-Coutts (age 23) inherited the Coutts fortune of around £1.8 million (equivalent to £170,000,000 in 2021).
On 6th August 1850 Windham Quin 2nd Earl Dunraven and Mount-Earl (age 67) died. His son Edwin (age 38) succeeded 3rd Earl Dunraven and Mount-Earl, 3rd Viscount Mount Earl, 3rd Baron Adare
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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On 6th August 1858 Archibald William Douglas 8th Marquess Queensberry (age 40) died while hunting officially from the explosion of his gun however the event was widely believed to be a suicide.
On 6th August 1866 George Pratt 2nd Marquess Camden (age 67) died at his country seat Bayham Abbey, Tunbridge Wells [Map]. His son John (age 26) succeeded 3rd Marquess Camden, 3rd Earl Brecknock, 4th Earl Camden, 4th Viscount Bayham of Bayham Abbey in Kent, 4th Baron Camden of Camden Place in Kent.
On 6th August 1868 Arthur Hill 4th Marquess Downshire (age 56) died. His son Arthur (age 23) succeeded 5th Marquess Downshire.
On 6th August 1877 Edward Southwell Russell 23rd Baron de Clifford (age 53) died. His son Edward (age 22) succeeded 24th Baron de Clifford.
On 6th August 1970 Hugh Francis Bell 4th Baronet (age 46) died. His son John (age 10) succeeded 5th Baronet Bell of Rounton Range and Washington Hall in County Durham.
On 6th August 1975 Simon Elwes (age 73) died.
On 6th August 1975 Alfonso Orléans Galliera Duke Galliera (age 88) died at Sanlúcar de Barrameda.
On 6th August 1985 Arthur Harold Clayton 11th Baronet (age 81) died. His son David (age 48) succeeded 12th Baronet Clayton of Marden Park in Surrey.