Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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09 Apr is in April.
14th April 1471 Battle of Barnet
1484 Death of King Richard III's Heir
1689 Coronation William III and Mary II
1748 Battle of Santiago de Cuba
1838 Opening of the National Gallery
On 9th April 715 Pope Constantine I [aged 51] died.
On 9th April 1137 William "Saint" Poitiers X Duke Aquitaine [aged 38] died. His daughter Eleanor [aged 15] succeeded XI Duchess Aquitaine.
Chronicle of Roger de Hoveden. 9th April 1194. On the ninth day of April, on the Eve of Easter, the aforementioned kings came to Northampton.
Nono die mensis Aprilis, in vigilia Paschæ, venerunt prædicti reges ad Northamtoniam:
On 9th April 1283 Margaret "Maid of Norway" I Queen Scotland was born to Eric II King Norway [aged 15] and Margaret Dunkeld Queen Consort Norway [aged 22] at Tønsberg. Her mother died in childbirth and was buried at Tønsberg. She a great granddaughter of King Henry III of England.
On 9th April 1302 Constance Hohenstaufen Queen Consort Aragon [aged 53] died.
On 9th April 1347 Edward "Black Prince" [aged 16] attended a Tournament at Lichfield. John Lisle 2nd Baron Lisle [aged 28], Hugh Courtenay 2nd or 10th Earl Devon [aged 43] (or possibly his son also Hugh Courtenay [aged 20] ) and Robert Ferrers 3rd Baron Ferrers of Chartley [aged 38] took part in the Tournament.
On 9th April 1413 King Henry V of England [aged 26] was crowned V King of England by Archbishop Thomas Fitzalan aka Arundel [aged 60] at Westminster Abbey [Map]. Duke Lancaster merged with the Crown.
Richard Beauchamp 13th Earl Warwick [aged 31] was appointed Lord High Steward. Henry Fitzhugh 3rd Baron Fitzhugh [aged 55] was appointed Constable of England.
Deeds of King Henry V [1413-1421]. 9th April 1413. The Most Serene Prince, King of England and France, and Lord of Ireland, Henry the Fifth, after the conquest, was crowned at Westminster on the ninth day of the month of April, on the Lord's Day, in the Passion of the Lord, in the year of the Incarnation 1413. When he began to reign as a young man but with the maturity of an old man, as a true chosen of God, he diligently sought to embrace with all devotion those things which could regard the honour of God, the expansion of the Church, the liberation of the homeland, and the peace and tranquility of the kingdoms, especially the two kingdoms of England and France, which are more closely connected and united, having afflicted each other with internal wars for a long time, not without great and deplorable shedding of human blood.
Serenissimus princeps Rex Angliæ et Franciæ et Dominus Hiberniæ, Henricus quintus post conquestum, coronatus est apud Westmonasterium, nono die mensis Aprilis, Dominica, in passione Domini, ab incarnatione ejusdem MCCCCXIII. Cum regnare cœpisset ætate juvenis sed maturitate senex, ut verus electus Dei, quæ sursum sunt sapiens, ea studuit omni devotione complecti, quæ honorem Dei, ampliationem ecclesiæ, patriæ liberationem, ac pacem et tranquillitatem regnorum respicere poterant, et præsertim duorum regnorum Angliæ et Franciæ, ut magis cohærentium et conjunctorum, quæ à diuturnis flebilibus temporibus, non sine magnâ et deplorandâ effusione cruoris humani, præliis intestinis se invicèm affecerunt.
Calendar of State Papers of Milan 1471. 26th April 1471. 9th April 1471. Potenzo Estere. Francia. Milan Archives. 210. Sforza de Bettini of Florence, Milanese Ambassador at the French Court to Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan.
King Edward having again collected from five to six thousand men from Holland and Zeeland, territory of the Duke of Burgundy, landed in England in the Northern parts, with the assistance of some petty lords of the district. There he was once more routed by the troops of the Earl of Warwick, the greater part of those who were with him being slain, and the rest put to flight. That king took refuge in a certain church, in a fortress in what they call a franchise there, in which, from what the said earl writes, he is besieged, and the earl hopes to take him prisoner. It is a difficult matter to go out by the door and then want to enter by the windows. They think he will leave his skin there (el Re Adouardo havendo novamente radunato da cinque in sei mille persone de Olanda et Zelanda paese del Duca de Borgogna e disceso in Inghilterra nel paese de Anort con lo adiuto de alcuni signorotti de dicto paese; dove e stato di nuovo spilliciato dalle genti del Conte di Veruich et morti la magior parte di quelli erano con si ct el resto fugiti. Esso Re se e riducto et salvato in una certa chiesia in forteza in Franchisa, come dicono di qua, ne la quale, per quanto scrive prefato conte lo e assediato ei spera haverlo prisoniero. E dificile cosa uscire per l'uscio et volere entrare per le finestre: stimasi che egli li lassera la pelle!)
The Queen of England embarked these last days, but a contrary wind drove her back again. She is only waiting for a wind to start.
There is no other news worth sending. Your Excellency shall be advised of whatever else may happen. I commend myself to you, humbly begging you to furnish me with provision for five months as I asked, so as to provide me with money which is as necessary in peace as in war, it being necessary to keep up an appearance for the honour of your Excellency.
Beauvais, the 9th April, 1471. [Italian.]
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On 9th April 1483 King Edward IV of England [aged 40] died at Westminster [Map]. His son Edward [aged 12] succeeded V King of England. Those present included Elizabeth Woodville Queen Consort England [aged 46], William Hastings 1st Baron Hastings [aged 52] and Thomas Grey 1st Marquess Dorset [aged 28].
Memoirs of Philip de Commines [1447-1511]. But whoever was pleased with this match, the King of England was highly affronted; for he thought himself disgraced and baffled, and in danger of losing his pensioner tribute, as the English called it. He feared likewise it would render him contemptible at home, and occasion some rebellion, more especially because he had rejected the remonstrances of his council. Besides, he saw the King of France ready to invade his dominions with a very great force; which made such a deep impression upon his spirits, that he fell sick immediately upon hearing the news, and died not long after, though some say he died of a catarrh. But let them say what they please, the general opinion was, his grief at the consummation of this marriage, caused the illness which killed him in the month of April, 14831. It is a great fault in a prince to be obstinate, and rely more upon his own judgment than on the opinion of his council; and sometimes it occasions such losses and disappointments as are never to be repaired.
Note 1. King Edward IV died on the 9th of April, and the Dauphin's marriage did not take place until the 22nd of June, more than two months later; so that the supposition of Commines that he died of grief at the disappointment of his own daughter, who had long been contracted to the Dauphin, is evidently erroneous. His dissolute mode of life renders it exceedingly probable that he died of a surfeit, according to the popular report. "He was a prince," says Hume, "more splendid and showy than either prudent or virtuous; brave, though cruel; addicted to pleasure, though capable of activity in great emergencies, and less fitted to prevent ills by wise precautions, than to remedy them after they took place, by his vigour and enterprise."
Croyland Chronicle 1483. 9th April 1483. For, shortly after the events already stated, and when the Parliament had been dissolved, the king, neither worn out with old age nor yet seized with any known kind of malady, the cure of which would not have appeared easy in the case of a person of more humble rank, took to his bed. This happened about the feast of Easter; and, on the ninth day of April, he rendered up his spirit to his Creator, at his palace at Westminster, it being the year of our Lord, 1483, and the twentythird of his reign.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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The History of King Richard the Third by Thomas More. King Edward of that name the Fourth [aged 40], after he had lived fifty and three years, seven months, and six days, and thereof reigned two and twenty years, one month, and eight days, died at Westminster the ninth day of April, the year of our redemption, a thousand four hundred four score and three, leaving much fair issue, that is, Edward the Prince [aged 12], thirteen years of age; Richard Duke of York [aged 9], two years younger; Elizabeth [aged 17], whose fortune and grace was after to be queen, wife unto King Henry the Seventh [aged 26], and mother unto the Eighth; Cecily [aged 14] not so fortunate as fair; Brigette [aged 2], who, representing the virtue of her whose name she bore, professed and observed a religious life in Dertford [Map], a house of cloistered Nuns; Anne [aged 7], who was after honourably married unto Thomas [aged 10], then Lord Howard and after Earl of Surrey; and Katherine [aged 3], who long time tossed in either fortune-sometime in wealth, often in adversity-at the last, if this be the last, for yet she lives, is by the goodness of her nephew, King Henry the Eighth, in very prosperous state, and worthy her birth and virtue.
The History of King Richard the Third by Thomas More. When these lords [Note. William Hastings 1st Baron Hastings [aged 52], John Grey] with diverse others of both parties were come into his presence, the King [aged 40], lifting up himself and propped up with pillows, as it is reported, after this fashion said unto them:
My lords, my dear kinsmen and allies, in what plight I lie, you see, and I feel. By which, the less while I expect to live with you, the more deeply am I moved to care in what case I leave you, for such as I leave you, such be my children like to find you. That if they should (God forbid) find you at variance, might by chance fall themselves at war before their discretion would serve to set you at peace. You see their youth, of which I reckon the only security to rest in your concord. For it suffices not that all you love them, if each of you hate the other. If they were men, your faithfulness by chance would suffice. But childhood must be maintained by men's authority, and slippery youth supported with elder counsel, which neither they can have unless you give it, nor can you give it if you do not agree. For where each labors to break what the other makes, and for hatred of each other's person impugns each other's counsel, it must needs be long before any good conclusion go forward. And also while either party labors to be chief, flattery shall have more place than plain and faithful advice, of which must needs ensue the evil bringing up of the Prince, whose mind in tender youth infected shall readily fall to mischief and riot, and draw down with this noble realm to ruin-unless grace turn him to wisdom, which if God send, then they who by evil means before pleased him best shall after fall furthest out of favor, so that ever at length evil plans drive to nothing and good plain ways prosper.
The History of King Richard the Third by Thomas More. As soon as the King [aged 40] was departed, that noble Prince [aged 12] his son drew toward London, who at the time of his father's death kept household at Ludlow, Shropshire [Map] in Wales. Such country, being far off from the law and recourse to justice, was begun to be far out of good will and had grown up wild with robbers and thieves walking at liberty uncorrected. And for this reason the Prince was, in the life of his father, sent thither, to the end that the authority of his presence should restrain evilly disposed persons from the boldness of their former outrages. To the governance and ordering of this young Prince, at his sending thither, was there appointed Sir Anthony Woodville, Lord Rivers [aged 43] and brother unto the Queen [aged 46], a right honorable man, as valiant of hand as politic in counsel. Adjoined were there unto him others of the same party, and, in effect, every one as he was nearest of kin unto the Queen was so planted next about the Prince.
Mémoires de Philippe de Commynes Chapter 6 Section 8.
From the hour that King Edward IV [aged 40] died, the King our master was informed, and took no joy in it. And few days after he received letters from the Duke of Gloucester [aged 30], who had become the King of England, and signed Richard, who had caused the death of the two sons [Note. The Princes in the Tower King Edward V of England [aged 12] and Richard of Shrewsbury 1st Duke of York [aged 9]] of King Edward his brother. King Richard wanted the friendship of the King, and belived he would continue to receive the pension; but the King didn't want to respond to the letters, nor hear the messanger, and considered him very cruel and bad. The Duke of Gloucester had pledged allegiance to his nephew, considering him as his king and sovereign lord. However, shortly afterward, he committed this act. And, in the parliament of England, had degraded the two daughters of the said King of England and declared them bastards, on the pretext of the evidence of a Bishop of Bath [aged 63] in England (who formerley had great credit with the King Edward then disappointed him, and held him in prison, and then ransomed himself with a sum of money) which Bishop said that King Edward had promised [Note. foy? ] marriage to an English lady [who he named] who he was in love with, to have his pleasure; and had made this promise in the presence of the Bishop, and, on this promise, slept with her: and did this to deceive her.
Nevertheless such games are very dangerous, [Note. tesmoing?] these signs. I saw alot of courtiers who, having the opportunity of such an adventure, would not have lost it for the sake of a promise. And this bad Bishop guarded revenge in his heart, for twenty years; but he is in [Note. meshut?]: because he had a son, who he loved very much, whom King Richard wished to do great things and to marry one of the two daughters, beneath their dignity, one of whom is now the present Queen of England [aged 17] and has two beautiful children.
See Edward IV marries Eleanor Talbot possibly.
See The Princes of the Tower described as Illegitimate.
Dès l'heure que le roy Edouard fut mort, le Roy nostre maistre en fut adverty, et n'en feit nulle joye quant il le sceut. Et peu de jours après receut lettres du duc de Clocestre, qui s'estoit faict roy d'Angleterre1, et se signoit Richard, lequel avoit faict mourir les deux filz du roy Edouard son frère. Lequel roy Richard requeroit l'amytié du Roy, et croy qu'il eust bien voulu ravoir reste pension; mais le Roy ne voulut respondre à ses lettres, ne ouyr le messagier, et l'estima très cruel et mauvais: car, après le trespas dudict roy Edouard, ledict duc de Clocestre avoit faict hommaige à son nepveu, comme à son roy et souverain seigneur, et incontinent après commit ce cas. Et, en plain parlement d'Angleterre, feit desgrader deux filles dudict roy Edouard et desclarer bastardes, soubz couleur3 qu'il prouva par ung evesque de Bas4 en Angleterre (qui aultresfois avoit eu grant credit avec ledict roy Edouard, et puis le desappoincta, et le tint en prison, et puis le ranconna d'une somme d'argent) lequel evesque disoit que ledict roy Edouard avoit promis foy de mariaige à une dame d'Angleterre (qu'il nommoit)5 pour ce qu'il en estoit amoureux, pour en avoir son plaisir; et en avoit faict la promesse en la main dudict evesque, et, sur ceste promesse, coucha avec elle: et ne le faisoit que pour la tromper. Toutesfois telz jeux sont bien dangereux, tesmoing ces enseignes. J'ay veu beaucoup de gens de court qui, une bonne adventure qui leur eust pleu en tel cas, ilz ne l'eussent point perdue par faulte de promettre. Et ce mauvais evesque garda ceste vengeance en son cueur, par adventure vingt ans; mais il luy en meschut: car il avoit ung filz, qu'il aymoit fort, à qui ledict roy Richard vouloit faire de grans biens et luy faire espouser l'une de ces deux filles, desgradees de leur dignité, laquelle de présent est royne d'Angleterre et a deux beaux enfans.
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Bale's Chronicle [1450-1460]. King Edward [died] on the ninth day of April [1483].
Rex Edwardus moritur 9 die Aprilis.
The Scandalous Chronicle. 9th April 1483. In April, Edward IV [aged 40], King of England, died of an apoplexy, though some say it was of a surfeit, occasioned by drinking too much of some rich wines that the king had made him a present of; however, he lived long enough to settle the affairs of his kingdom, and to leave the succession of the crown to his eldest son, Edward V.
On 9th April 1484 Edward York Prince of Wales [aged 10] died at Middleham Castle [Map] leaving his father King Richard III of England [aged 31] without an heir. Duke of Cornwall, Earl Salisbury, Earl Chester extinct.
Croyland Chronicle 1484. [9th April 1484]. However, in a short time after, it was fully seen how vain are the thoughts of a man who desires to establish his interests without the aid of God. For, in the following month of April, on a day not very far distant from the anniversary of king Edward, this only son of his, in whom all the hopes of the royal succession, fortified with so many oaths, were centred, was seized with an illness of but short duration, and died at Middleham Castle, in the year of our Lord, 1484, being the first of the reign of the said king Richard. On hearing the news of this, at Nottingham, where they were then residing, you might have seen his father and mother in a state almost bordering on madness, by reason of their sudden grief.
On 9th April 1493 Nicholas Lorraine was born to René Lorraine II Duke Lorraine Duke of Bar [aged 41] and Philippa Egmont Duchess of Bar Duchess Lorraine [aged 26] at Nancy.
Diary of Edward VI. 9th April 1550. The hostiages delivered on both the sides, for the ratification of the league with Frannce and Scoteland, forbicaus som said to mon. Rochepot, lieutenant, that mon. de Guyse [aged 53]1, father to the marquis of Means [aged 31], was ded, and therefor the delivery was put over a day.
Note 1. Claude duc of Guise was dangerously ill: he died on the 12th of April.
Chronicle of Greyfriars. 9th April 1554. Item the ix. day of Aprille began the opposycions at Oxford by Thomas Creme [aged 64]1 sometyme byshoppe of Cantorbery, Nicolas Rydley [aged 54] sometyme byshoppe of London, and Hugh Latemer [aged 67], agayne the lerdemen2 of both the universytes; and there the sayd iij. persons was condempnyd as erytykes [heretics], and soo remaynyd there in presone a longe tyme.
Note 1. Thomas Cranmer.
Note 2. learned men.
Henry Machyn's Diary. 9th April 1561. The sam day was bered in Mylkstrett mastores Dock[wra?], with the clarkes of London, and she had vj skochyons of armes, and ther was geyffen for gownes to the pore men and women, and the byshope of Duram [aged 41] dyd pryche ther.
On 9th April 1609 Bishop William Overton [aged 84] died. Monument at Holy Trinity Church, Eccleshall [Map] with his two wives.
Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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Diary of Anne Clifford. 9th April 1619. The 9th my Lord [aged 30] went from Knole to London, the next day he went to Royston to the King, with whom he watched that night. My Lord of Warwick [aged 31] and my Lord North [aged 36] watched with him. The King used him very well so that my Lord came not back till the 13th to London, there he stayed till I came up.
On 9th April 1626 Francis Bacon 1st Viscount St Alban [aged 65] died of pneumonia. He was buried at St Paul's Walden Bury, Hertfordshire. Viscount St Alban and Baron Verulam extinct.
On 9th April 1649 James Scott 1st Duke Monmouth 1st Duke Buccleuch was born illegitimately to King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 18] and Lucy Walter [aged 19] at Rotterdam. Some thought his father was Colonel Robert Sidney [aged 23] who Evelyn says "he most resembl'd".
On 9th April 1652 Diana Russell Baroness Latimer Willoughby Broke Alington was born to William Russell 1st Duke Bedford [aged 35] and Anne Carr Countess of Bedford [aged 36]. She married (1) 29th August 1667 her fifth cousin once removed Greville Verney 17th Baron Latimer 9th Baron Willoughby, son of Greville Verney 16th Baron Latimer 8th Baron Willoughby and Elizabeth Wenman Baroness Latimer and Willoughby Broke, and had issue (2) 15th July 1675 her sixth cousin William Alington 1st and 3rd Baron Alington, son of William Alington 1st Baron Alington and Elizabeth Tollemache Baroness Alington, and had issue.
John Evelyn's Diary. 9th April 1655. I went to see the great ship newly built by the usurper, Oliver [aged 55], carrying ninety-six brass guns, and 1,000 tons burden. In the prow was Oliver on horseback, trampling six nations under foot, a Scot, Irishman, Dutchman, Frenchman, Spaniard, and English, as was easily made out by their several habits. A Fame held a laurel over his insulting head; the word, God with us.
On 9th April 1656 Francesco Trevisani was born.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 22nd April 1661. King's Going from ye Tower to White Hall1. Up early and made myself as fine as I could, and put on my velvet coat, the first day that I put it on, though made half a year ago. And being ready, Sir W. Batten [aged 60], my Lady, and his two daughters and his son and wife, and Sir W. Pen [aged 39] and his son and I, went to Mr. Young's, the flag-maker, in Corne-hill2; and there we had a good room to ourselves, with wine and good cake, and saw the show very well.
In which it is impossible to relate the glory of this day, expressed in the clothes of them that rid, and their horses and horses clothes, among others, my Lord Sandwich's [aged 35]. Embroidery and diamonds were ordinary among them. The Knights of the Bath was a brave sight of itself; and their Esquires, among which Mr. Armiger was an Esquire to one of the Knights. Remarquable were the two men that represent the two Dukes of Normandy and Aquitane. The Bishops come next after Barons, which is the higher place; which makes me think that the next Parliament they will be called to the House of Lords. My Lord Monk [aged 52] rode bare after the King, and led in his hand a spare horse, as being Master of the Horse. The King, in a most rich embroidered suit and cloak, looked most noble. Wadlow3, the vintner, at the Devil [Map]; in Fleetstreet, did lead a fine company of soldiers, all young comely men, in white doublets. There followed the Vice-Chamberlain, Sir G. Carteret [aged 51], a company of men all like Turks; but I know not yet what they are for.
The streets all gravelled, and the houses hung with carpets before them, made brave show, and the ladies out of the windows, one of which over against us I took much notice of, and spoke of her, which made good sport among us. So glorious was the show with gold and silver, that we were not able to look at it, our eyes at last being so much overcome with it.
Both the King [aged 30] and the Duke of York [aged 27] took notice of us, as he saw us at the window. The show being ended, Mr. Young did give us a dinner, at which we were very merry, and pleased above imagination at what we have seen. Sir W. Batten going home, he and I called and drunk some mum4 and laid our wager about my Lady Faulconbridge's name5, which he says not to be Mary, and so I won above 20s. So home, where Will and the boy staid and saw the show upon Towre Hill, and Jane at T. Pepys's, The. Turner [aged 9], and my wife at Charles Glassecocke's, in Fleet Street. In the evening by water to White Hall to my Lord's, and there I spoke with my Lord. He talked with me about his suit, which was made in France, and cost him £200, and very rich it is with embroidery. I lay with Mr. Shepley, and Coronacion Day.
Note 1. The king in the early morning of the 22nd went from Whitehall to the Tower by water, so that he might proceed from thence through the City to Westminster Abbey, there to be crowned.
Note 2. The members of the Navy Office appear to have chosen Mr. Young's house on account of its nearness to the second triumphal arch, situated near the Royal Exchange [Map], which was dedicated to the Navy.
Note 3. Simon Wadlow was the original of "old Sir Simon the king", the favourite air of Squire Western in "Tom Jones". "Hang up all the poor hop-drinkers, Cries old Sim, the king of skinkers". Ben Jonson, Verses over the door into the Apollo.
Note 4. Mum. Ale brewed with wheat at Brunswick. "Sedulous and stout With bowls of fattening mum". J. Phillips, Cyder, Vol. ii. p. 231.
Note 5. Mary [aged 52], third daughter of Oliver Cromwell, and second wife of Thomas Bellasis [aged 62], second Viscount Fauconberg, created Earl of Fauconberg, April 9th, 1689.
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Samuel Pepys' Diary. 9th April 1667. Up. and to the office a while, none of my fellow officers coming to sit, it being holiday, and so towards noon I to the Exchange [Map], and there do hear mighty cries for peace, and that otherwise we shall be undone; and yet I do suspect the badness of the peace we shall make. Several do complain of abundance of land flung up by tenants out of their hands for want of ability to pay their rents; and by name, that the Duke of Buckingham [aged 39] hath £6000 so flung up. And my father writes, that Jasper Trice, upon this pretence of his tenants' dealing with him, is broke up housekeeping, and gone to board with his brother, Naylor, at Offord; which is very sad.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 9th April 1667. So home to dinner, and after dinner I took coach and to the King's house, and by and by comes after me my wife with W. Hewer [aged 25] and his mother and Barker, and there we saw "The Tameing of a Shrew", which hath some very good pieces in it, but generally is but a mean play; and the best part, "Sawny"1, done by Lacy [aged 52], hath not half its life, by reason of the words, I suppose, not being understood, at least by me.
Note 1. This play was entitled "Sawney the Scot, or the Taming of a Shrew", and consisted of an alteration of Shakespeare's play by John Lacy. Although it had long been popular it was not printed until 1698. In the old "Taming of a Shrew" (1594), reprinted by Thomas Amyot for the Shakespeare Society in 1844, the hero's servant is named Sander, and this seems to have given the hint to Lacy, when altering Shakespeare's "Taming of the Shrew", to foist a 'Scotsman into the action. Sawney was one of Lacy's favourite characters, and occupies a prominent position in Michael Wright's [aged 49] picture at Hampton Court [Map]. Evelyn, on October 3rd, 1662, "visited Mr. Wright, a Scotsman, who had liv'd long at Rome, and was esteem'd a good painter", and he singles out as his best picture, "Lacy, the famous Roscius, or comedian, whom he has painted in three dresses, as a gallant, a Presbyterian minister, and a Scotch Highlander in his plaid". Langbaine and Aubrey both make the mistake of ascribing the third figure to Teague in "The Committee"; and in spite of Evelyn's clear statement, his editor in a note follows them in their blunder. Planche has reproduced the picture in his "History of Costume" (Vol. ii., p. 243).
John Evelyn's Diary. 9th April 1668. I heard Sir R. Howard [aged 42] impeach Sir William Penn [aged 46], in the House of Lords, for breaking bulk, and taking away rich goods out of the East India prizes, formerly taken by Lord Sandwich [aged 42].
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 9th April 1669. Thence out, and slipped out by water to Westminster Hall [Map] and there thought to have spoke with Mrs. Martin, but she was not there, nor at home. So back again, and with W. Hewer [aged 27] by coach home and to dinner, and then to the office, and out again with W. Hewer to the Excise-Office, and to several places; among others, to Mr. Faythorne's [aged 53], to have seen an instrument which he was said to have, for drawing perspectives, but he had it not: but here I did see his work-house, and the best things of his doing he had by him, and so to other places among others to Westminster Hall [Map], and I took occasion to make a step to Mrs. Martin's, the first time I have been with her since her husband went last to sea, which is I think a year since.... But, Lord! to hear how sillily she tells the story of her sister Doll's being a widow and lately brought to bed; and her husband, one Rowland Powell, drowned, sea with her husband, but by chance dead at sea, cast When God knows she hath played the whore, and forced at this time after she was brought to bed, this story.
On 31st March 1678 Richard Sanford was born to John Sanford of Nynehead Florey, Somerset [aged 40] and Elizabeth Knightley [aged 24]. He was baptised the same day. On 7th April 1678 he died. On 9th April 1638 he was buried at St Mary's Church, Fawsley [Map].
John Sanford of Nynehead Florey, Somerset: In 1638 he was born. On 21st June 1670 he and Elizabeth Knightley were married at St Katharine Cree Church. In 1711 he died.
Elizabeth Knightley: On 8th July 1653 she was born to Lucius Knightley and Elizabeth Dent. On 26th September 1711 Elizabeth Knightley died.
On 9th April 1689 a number of new peers were created at the Coronation William III and Mary II...
Charles Paulet 1st Duke Bolton [aged 59] was created 1st Duke Bolton.
Charles Mordaunt 3rd Earl Peterborough 1st Earl Monmouth [aged 31] was created 1st Earl Monmouth. Carey Fraser Countess Peterborough and Monmouth [aged 29] by marriage Countess Monmouth.
Thomas Belasyse 1st Earl Fauconberg [aged 62] was created 1st Earl Fauconberg. Mary Cromwell Countess Fauconberg [aged 52] by marriage Countess Fauconberg.
William Bentinck 1st Earl of Portland [aged 39] was created 1st Earl of Portland.
On 9th April 1689 John Churchill 1st Duke of Marlborough [aged 38] was created 1st Earl of Marlborough.
On 9th April 1741 Frances Cavendish-Bentinck was born to William Bentinck 2nd Duke Portland [aged 32] and Margaret Cavendish Harley 2nd Duchess Portland [aged 26] at Welbeck Abbey, Nottinghamshire [Map]. She died aged one in 1743.
On 9th April 1747 Simon Fraser 11th Lord Lovat [aged 80] was beheaded at Tower Hill [Map] for his part in the Jacobite Rebellion. He was the last man in Britain to be executed by beheading. Among his last words was a quote from Horace: Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori ["It is sweet and seemly to die for one's country"]. At the last moment, an overcrowded timber stand collapsed, leaving nine spectators dead. He was buried at St Peter ad Vincula Church, Tower of London [Map].
On 9th April 1748 the Battle of Santiago de Cuba was a failed attempt by the British to force the entrance of the port of Santiago de Cuba.
On 9th April 1755 Catherine Winn [aged 23] died from childbirth.
Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
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Cansisk's Monumental Inscriptions Volume 1 St Pancras Old Church. St Pancras Old Church [Map]. Near this Monument are interred the remains of the Honb. Rowland Belasyse, Who departed this life Apl ye 9th 1768 aged 65. He was only Brother to the present Earl of Fauconberg [aged 68]. As also the remains of Lady Barbara Barnewall Second daughter of the above Earl. Reqidescant in pace.
On 9th April 1770 Henry Fitzroy was born to Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton [aged 34] and Elizabeth Wrottesley Duchess Grafton [aged 24]. He a great x 3 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. He married 10th September 1800 Caroline Pigot and had issue.
History of Somerset: Stanton Drew. This part, though in itself immense, and occupying a large extent of ground, appears to be only the centre of the stupendous building. Doubtless there were many avenues to it, and Hautville's-coit seems to have served as part of a portal to one of them. There were also other outworks, one of which [Stanton Drew Cove [Map]], consisting of three prodigious stones, placed in a triangular form, still remains on a small eminence, in an orchard belonging to Mr. Fowler, southwest from the church. Two of these ftones are standing; the largest measuring ten feet in height, and six feet and a half in width; the one that is fallen is fourteen feet long, and eight feet wide.1
Note 1. Notes taken April 9, 1789.
After 9th April 1789. St Oswald's Church, Ashbourne [Map]. Monument to Phoebe Hollins Lady Boothby and Brooke Boothby 5th Baronet [deceased] sculpted by Josuah Evans.
Phoebe Hollins Lady Boothby: On 4th October 1716 she was born to William Hollins. In 1742 Brooke Boothby 5th Baronet and she were married. On 5th May 1788 she died.
On 9th April 1798 Mary Hase died. Memorial in Church of St Peter and St Paul, Salle [Map].
Mary Hase: Thomas Browne Evans and she were married. she was born to Edward Hase of Salle and Virtue Repps.
On 9th April 1815 Mary Hervey [aged 89] burned to death when her clothing caught fire.
On 9th April 1817 John Opie [aged 55] died. He was buried at St Paul's Cathedral [Map].
Archaeologia Volume 27 Appendix. April 9th, 1835. Extract of a letter from Edward Cresy, Esq. to John Gage, Esq. Director, accompanying three Plans of Eynsford Castle, in the county of Kent.
These interesting ruins are the property of Sir Percival Hart Dyke [aged 67], Bart, and had long been used as stabling, and kenneling for fox-hounds. Circumstances having occurred to occasion the removal of all the modern erections, on my being professionally employed to effect this object, much presented itself during the demolition to induce an examination of the ancient portion which remained; and the Rev. B. Wenston, Vicar of Farningham, and the Rev. A. W. Burnside, to whom I am indebted for the execution of the accompanying model, obtained permission to examine around the walls of the Keep, which appeared to consist only of one large room, with four loop-holes on its eastern side. By the indefatigable and liberal exertions of these gentlemen, many workmen were directed to remove the earth and rubbish, which had accumulated to a vast heap, and the whole was cleared to the depth of eight or nine feet down to the very footings, when the entire plan, with its winding staircase, another room with a chimney, a necessarium, &c. were discovered, as shewn in the accompanying sketches.
This Castle, situated in a narrow winding valley, formed by the passage of the Darent through the chain of chalk hills, which rise to a considerable height on each side, was well calculated to defend and command the passage across the river hereafter referred to; which passage was, in all probability, the work of the Romans at the time they occupied the camps of Keston (or Noviomagus) and South Fleet (Vagnaca), for it is in the direct line between these two stations, as Otford is between Noviomagus and Oldbury, which summer camp is on the route to Madus, or Maidstone. At Lullingstone, a short distance from this ford, a tesselated pavement was discovered, and Roman coins are constantly found in the neighbourhood. This valley formed a portion of that called by the Saxons Holmsdale, which extended into Surrey, and was bounded on the north by the chalk hills, which run in a parallel line, about twenty miles south of the Thames; and through it a chain of castles may be traced, ruins of which remain at Guildford, Betchworth, Reigate, Otford, Shoreham, and Eynesford; and to the sense of security engendered by these strong holds, may perhaps be attributed the distich, still remembered:
Holmsdale
Was never conquered, nor never shall.'
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On 9th April 1838 the SS Great Western, the first steamship designed for the purpose of crossing the Atlantic, sailed from Avonmouth for New York. She arrived on 23rd April 1838. During the ship journey to Bristol a fire broke out in the engine room as a result of which fifty passengers cancelled their book. In the event on its first voyage only seven passengers sailed.
On 9th April 1838 the National Gallery in Trafalgar Square opened to the public. The design of the building was unpopular with King William IV thought the building a 'nasty little pokey hole', while William Makepeace Thackeray called it 'a little gin shop of a building'.
After 9th April 1847. St Mary's Church, Buckden [Map]. Monument to Louisa Linton nee Wingfield wife of Colonel Linton who fought at Waterloo.
On 9th April 1858 Joseph Karl Stieler [aged 76] died.
Adeline Horsey Recollections. One fine March morning he told me that he was going to ride and see a gamekeeper who had accidentally shot himself.
He asked me and Sir Henry Edwards [aged 55] to accompany him, but when we reached the keeper's cottage he told us to return to Deene [Map], saying that as he intended to sit an hour with the man he would come on later. We declared our willingness to wait, but Cardigan would not hear of it, and so we somewhat reluctantly rode home without him.
The luncheon hour arrived, but Lord Cardigan did not come; the afternoon dragged on, and still there were no signs of him. I had a horrible presentment that something must have happened, and at once ordered some of the servants to go in search of his Lordship.
My fears were only too well grounded; my husband was found lying insensible on the roadside, nearly lifeless. A roadmender told us afterwards that Lord Cardigan had passed him and spoken a few words and seemed apparently quite well; the horse he was riding shied at a heap of stones and commenced to rear and plunge rather wildly, but my husband kept the animal well under control, for the roadmender saw him ride quietly away. The effort must, however, have afterwards brought on a seizure, for Cardigan fell from his horse, and lay helpless until he was found and brought back to Deene [Map].
For three dreadful days and nights he lay quite unconscious, gasping for breath, and the knowledge that he could not speak to me and did not recognise me intensified my grief a thousandfold. But mercifully his suffering was not prolonged, and on March 28, 1868, my beloved husband passed away.
There are some griefs that are too deep to speak of, even after Time's soothing touch has taken away the first deadly pain of a great sorrow. When I look back and remember the kindness and love which my husband lavished on me, I feel proud to think he often said that the happiest period of his life was after he married me, and that his great possessions and military fame were as nothing compared to the wife he adored.
Lord Cardigan's body lay in state in the ballroom at Deene [Map] for twelve days, during which time six thousand people came to look their last at the remains of the leader of the Charge of the Light Brigade. On April 9 he was buried in Deene Church [Map]; the whole regiment of the 11th Hussars attended the funeral, and he was carried to his last resting-place by eight of his old officers.
When the will was read, it was found that he had left everything to me.
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Adam Murimuth's Continuation and Robert of Avesbury’s 'The Wonderful Deeds of King Edward III'
This volume brings together two of the most important contemporary chronicles for the reign of Edward III and the opening phases of the Hundred Years’ War. Written in Latin by English clerical observers, these texts provide a vivid and authoritative window into the political, diplomatic, and military history of fourteenth-century England and its continental ambitions. Adam Murimuth Continuatio's Chronicarum continues an earlier chronicle into the mid-fourteenth century, offering concise but valuable notices on royal policy, foreign relations, and ecclesiastical affairs. Its annalistic structure makes it especially useful for establishing chronology and tracing the development of events year by year. Complementing it, Robert of Avesbury’s De gestis mirabilibus regis Edwardi tertii is a rich documentary chronicle preserving letters, treaties, and official records alongside narrative passages. It is an indispensable source for understanding Edward III’s claim to the French crown, the conduct of war, and the mechanisms of medieval diplomacy. Together, these works offer scholars, students, and enthusiasts a reliable and unembellished account of a transformative period in English and European history. Essential for anyone interested in medieval chronicles, the Hundred Years’ War, or the reign of Edward III.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 28th March 1868 James Brudenell 7th Earl Cardigan [aged 70] died from a fall from a horse. His second cousin George [aged 63] succeeded 8th Earl Cardigan, 8th Baron Brudenell of Stonton in Leicestershire. Baron Brudenell Deene in Northamptonshire extinct.
On 25th May 1915 Adeline Horsey Countess Cardigan [aged 90] died.
Both were buried in St Peter's Church, Deene [Map]; he on 9th April 1868. Monument to James Brudenell 7th Earl Cardigan 1797 1868 sculpted by Joseph Boehm [aged 33]. Recumbent effigies on Sarcophagus, bronze sea horses (Brudenell Crest) at the bottom corners.
On 9th April 1873 Charles Allston Collins [aged 45] died of cancer. He was buried at Brompton Cemetery, Kensington.
On 9th April 1873 Margaret Evelyn Grosvenor Duchess Teck was born to Hugh Lupus Grosvenor 1st Duke Westminster [aged 47] and Constance Leveson-Gower Duchess Westminster [aged 38]. Coefficient of inbreeding 7.06%. She married 1894 Adolphus Cambridge Duke Teck and had issue.
On 9th April 1879 Gerald Kelly was born to Frederick Festus Kelly [aged 41]. He married 1930 Lilian Ryan.
On 9th April 1882 Dante Gabriel Rossetti [aged 53] died. He was buried at All Saints Church, Birchington on Sea [Map]. There is a Celtic Cross marking his grave commissioned by his mother Frances Mary Lavinia Polidori [aged 81], designed by Ford Madox Brown [aged 60] and erected in the presence of his brother William Michael Rossetti [aged 52] and sister Christina Georgina Rossetti [aged 51] as written on the base of the cross.
On 9th April 1898 Brownlow Henry George Cecil 4th Marquess Exeter [aged 48] died. His son William [aged 21] succeeded 5th Marquess Exeter, 14th Earl Exeter, 15th Baron Burghley. Monument in the Church of St John the Baptist, Barnack [Map].
Brownlow Henry George Cecil 4th Marquess Exeter: On 20th December 1849 he was born to William Alleyne Cecil 3rd Marquess Exeter and and Georgina Sophia Pakenham Marchioness Exeter. On 7th September 1875 Brownlow Henry George Cecil 4th Marquess Exeter and Isabella Whichcote Marchioness of Exeter were married at St Denys' Church, Aswarby. He the son of William Alleyne Cecil 3rd Marquess Exeter.
William Cecil 5th Marquess Exeter: On 27th October 1876 he was born to Brownlow Henry George Cecil 4th Marquess Exeter and Isabella Whichcote Marchioness of Exeter. On 16th April 1901 William Cecil 5th Marquess Exeter and Myra Rowena Sibell Orde-Powlett Marchioness of Exeter were married. She by marriage Marchioness Exeter. He the son of Brownlow Henry George Cecil 4th Marquess Exeter and Isabella Whichcote Marchioness of Exeter. In 1937 he was appointed 885th Knight of the Garter by King George VI of the United Kingdom. In 1956 William Cecil 5th Marquess Exeter died. His son David succeeded 6th Marquess Exeter, 15th Earl Exeter, 16th Baron Burghley.
St Mary The Virgin Church, Rufford [Map] Memorial to Sunday School teacher Annie Maude Hogg-Goggin, died 9th April 1902.
On 9th April 1914 Anna Caroline Stanhope [aged 81] died. She was buried at St Andrew's Church, Radbourne [Map].
Anna Caroline Stanhope: On 16th July 1832 she was born to Leicester FitzGerald Charles Stanhope 5th Earl of Harrington and Elizabeth Green Countess Harrington. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. On 13th November 1850 Edward Sacheverell Chandos-Pole and she were married at St Andrew's Church, Radbourne [Map]. They had eleven children. She the daughter of Leicester FitzGerald Charles Stanhope 5th Earl of Harrington and Elizabeth Green Countess Harrington.
On 9th April 1918 Lieutenant Horatio Spencer Walpole [aged 36] was killed in action. Memorial in Church of St Andrew, Wickmere [Map]. He was commanding No.1 Company of the Battalion, which was in the front line at Boiry St Martin. A German artillery shell landed in the trench in which he was standing and killed him outright. He is buried in the Bac-Du-Sud Cemetery, France. (2.B.22.)
Lieutenant Horatio Spencer Walpole: On 19th June 1881 he was born to Henry Spencer Vade-Walpole.
9th April 1921. Western Morning News. Page 4.
Earl of St. Germans [aged 30] sustains serious injuries at Dartmoor Chases.
An Accident befell the Earl of St. Germans whilst competing in the Dartmoor Hunt Point-to-Point races at Wrangaton yesterday. His lordship had entered two of his horses, Harkaway, in the Dartmoor and Adjoining Hunts heavy-weight race, and Dusky, in the Dartmoor and Adjoining Hunts light-weight race.
It was in the heavy-weight race, the opening event of the meeting, that his lordship came to grief. After covering half the course of three miles, his mount, Harkaway, failed to negotiate a jump and threw his lordship.
Col. J.W. Gill, of St. Germans, went to the Earl's assistance, and after first-aid had been rendered by Messrs. W.T. Lucitt and W. Wooldridge, of the George-street (Plymouth) Ambulance Corps, his lordship was removed from the course on a stretcher, and conveyed to St. Germans by a special train, Col. Gill, a retired doctor, travelling with him; and thence by ambulance to Penmadown, his lordship's temporary residence.
Here the Earl was attended by Drs. Harman and Gill, while Dr. Robinson, of Plymouth, was consulted. His lordship's injuries are more grave than at first anticipated. His horse fell on him and his pelvis was badly crushed. His condition is regarded as serious.
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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On 9th April 1925 Andrea Carlo Lucchesi [aged 65] died.
On 9th April 1928 Marie Anne Louise Baring Duchess Grafton [aged 95] died.
After 9th April 1944. St Mary's Church, Rolleston on Dove [Map]. Grave of Wing Commander Marcus Mowbray Hutchinson, AFC. Pilot Royal Air Force. Lost in aircraft Tiger Moth II DF185 Sideslipped into the ground at Bishops Cleeve north of Cheltenham, Glos when an aileron became jammed during aerobatics. Son of Alfred Tapley Hutchinson and Kathleen Hutchinson; husband of Hazel Mary Hutchinson, of Rolleston.
Burton Mail: Hutchinson, Marcus Mowbray: A.F.C. Wing Commander (Pilot). Auxiliary Air Force. Died on oth April 1944, age 37. Son of Alfred and Kathleen Hutchinson, husband of Hazel Mary Hutchinson of Rolleston Road, Rolleston-on-dove. Wing Commander Hutchinson had been awarded the Air Force Cross (A.F.C.) which was awarded to members of the Royal Air Force for acts of gallantry while flying on "non-active" operations.
Time Team Series 1 Episode 3: The New Town of a Norman Prince was filmed between 9th April 1993 and 11th April 1993. It was originally shown on 30th January 1994.
Location: Much Wenlock, Shropshire [Map], Wenlock Priory, Shropshire [Map].
Category: Time Team Late Medieval.
Time Team:
Tony Robinson [aged 47], Presenter
Mick Aston [aged 47], Bristol University Landscape Archaeologist
Carenza Lewis [aged 30], Royal Commission on Historic Monuments
Phil Harding [aged 44], Wessex Archaeological Trust Field Archaeologist
Gerry Barber, Bristol University Environmental Archaeologist
Robin Bush [aged 50], Archivist.
Victor Ambrus [aged 58], Historical Illustrator
Oliver Butler, Geophysics Specialist
Mark Horton, Local Archaeologist
Dan Miles, Dendrochronologist
Bob Milligan, Geophysics Specialist
Techniques: Excavations, Dendrochronology, Radar Scan.
Historical Figures: Roger "The Great" Montgomery 1st Earl of Shrewsbury.
Sources. Charter of King Stephen granting a three day fair, Domedays Book [Map], Document stating in 1231 King Henry III visited Much Wenlock.
Outcomes. Location of Great Hall, burbage plots, 1254-1299 Dendrochronology date, 12th-13th Century Pottery.
On 9th April 2005 Prince Charles [aged 56] and Queen Consort Camilla Shand [aged 57] were married at Windsor Guildhall. He the son of Philip Mountbatten Duke Edinburgh [aged 83] and Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom [aged 78].
On 9th April 2021 Philip Mountbatten Duke Edinburgh [aged 99] died at Windsor Castle [Map]. His son Charles [aged 72] succeeded 2nd Duke Edinburgh.
On 9th April 1283 Margaret "Maid of Norway" I Queen Scotland was born to Eric II King Norway [aged 15] and Margaret Dunkeld Queen Consort Norway [aged 22] at Tønsberg. Her mother died in childbirth and was buried at Tønsberg. She a great granddaughter of King Henry III of England.
On 9th April 1493 Nicholas Lorraine was born to René Lorraine II Duke Lorraine Duke of Bar [aged 41] and Philippa Egmont Duchess of Bar Duchess Lorraine [aged 26] at Nancy.
On 9th April 1599 Thomas Maulever 1st Baronet was born to Richard Maulever [aged 79] and Katherine Bourchier [aged 42]. He married in or before 1622 Elizabeth Wilbrahim Lady Maulever and had issue.
On 9th April 1649 James Scott 1st Duke Monmouth 1st Duke Buccleuch was born illegitimately to King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 18] and Lucy Walter [aged 19] at Rotterdam. Some thought his father was Colonel Robert Sidney [aged 23] who Evelyn says "he most resembl'd".
The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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On 9th April 1652 Diana Russell Baroness Latimer Willoughby Broke Alington was born to William Russell 1st Duke Bedford [aged 35] and Anne Carr Countess of Bedford [aged 36]. She married (1) 29th August 1667 her fifth cousin once removed Greville Verney 17th Baron Latimer 9th Baron Willoughby, son of Greville Verney 16th Baron Latimer 8th Baron Willoughby and Elizabeth Wenman Baroness Latimer and Willoughby Broke, and had issue (2) 15th July 1675 her sixth cousin William Alington 1st and 3rd Baron Alington, son of William Alington 1st Baron Alington and Elizabeth Tollemache Baroness Alington, and had issue.
On 9th April 1656 Francesco Trevisani was born.
On 9th April 1670 John Trevelyan 2nd Baronet was born to George Trevelyan 1st Baronet [aged 35] and Mary Willoughby Lady Trevelyan. His father died a year later when he inherited the Baronetcy. He married (1) in or before 1697 Urith Pole Lady Trevelyan, daughter of John Pole 3rd Baronet and Anne Morice Lady Pole (2) 22nd May 1700 Susanna Warren Lady Trevelyan and had issue.
On 9th April 1672 John Clavering of Axwell 3rd Baronet was born to John Clavering [aged 31] and Dorothy Savile [aged 27].
On 9th April 1672 Thomas Willoughby 1st Baron Middleton was born to Francis Willoughby [aged 36] and Emma Barnard [aged 26]. He married 9th April 1691 Elizabeth Rothwell Baroness Willoughby and Middleton and had issue.
On 9th April 1682 Charles Shirley was born to Robert Shirley 1st Earl Ferrers [aged 31] and Elizabeth Washington Baroness Ferrers Chartley. She died aged less than one years old.
On 9th April 1719 Edward Blackett 4th Baronet was born to John Blackett of Newby Park. He married 1757 Anne Douglas and had issue.
On 9th April 1741 Frances Cavendish-Bentinck was born to William Bentinck 2nd Duke Portland [aged 32] and Margaret Cavendish Harley 2nd Duchess Portland [aged 26] at Welbeck Abbey, Nottinghamshire [Map]. She died aged one in 1743.
On 9th April 1759 Selina Frances Rawdon Countess Granard was born to John Rawdon 1st Earl Moira [aged 39] and Elizabeth Hastings Countess Moira [aged 28]. She married 10th May 1779 George Forbes 6th Earl Granard, son of George Forbes 5th Earl Granard and Dorothy Bayly, and had issue.
On 9th April 1769 Elizabeth Perrin Lady Molyneux was born.
On 9th April 1770 Henry Fitzroy was born to Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton [aged 34] and Elizabeth Wrottesley Duchess Grafton [aged 24]. He a great x 3 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. He married 10th September 1800 Caroline Pigot and had issue.
Adam Murimuth's Continuation and Robert of Avesbury’s 'The Wonderful Deeds of King Edward III'
This volume brings together two of the most important contemporary chronicles for the reign of Edward III and the opening phases of the Hundred Years’ War. Written in Latin by English clerical observers, these texts provide a vivid and authoritative window into the political, diplomatic, and military history of fourteenth-century England and its continental ambitions. Adam Murimuth Continuatio's Chronicarum continues an earlier chronicle into the mid-fourteenth century, offering concise but valuable notices on royal policy, foreign relations, and ecclesiastical affairs. Its annalistic structure makes it especially useful for establishing chronology and tracing the development of events year by year. Complementing it, Robert of Avesbury’s De gestis mirabilibus regis Edwardi tertii is a rich documentary chronicle preserving letters, treaties, and official records alongside narrative passages. It is an indispensable source for understanding Edward III’s claim to the French crown, the conduct of war, and the mechanisms of medieval diplomacy. Together, these works offer scholars, students, and enthusiasts a reliable and unembellished account of a transformative period in English and European history. Essential for anyone interested in medieval chronicles, the Hundred Years’ War, or the reign of Edward III.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 9th April 1771 George King 3rd Earl Kingston was born to Robert King 2nd Earl Kingston [aged 17] and Caroline Fitzgerald. He married 5th May 1794 his fifth cousin Helena Moore Countess Kingston, daughter of Stephen Moore 1st Earl Mount Cashell and Helena Rawdon Countess Mount Cashell, and had issue.
On 9th April 1772 John Brabazon 10th Earl Meath was born to Anthony Brabazon 8th Earl Meath [aged 51].
On 9th April 1783 Mary Paget Baroness Graves was born to Henry Bayly-Paget 1st Earl Uxbridge [aged 38] and Jane Champagné Countess Uxbridge [aged 41]. She married 1803 Thomas North Graves 2nd Baron Graves, son of Admiral Thomas Graves 1st Baron Graves and Elizabeth Williams, and had issue.
On 9th April 1794 East George Clayton-East 1st Baronet was born to William Clayton 4th Baronet [aged 31] and Mary East Lady Clayton [aged 28].
On 9th April 1796 Thomas Thynne was born to Thomas Thynne 2nd Marquess of Bath [aged 31] and Isabella Elizabeth Byng Marchioness Bath [aged 22].
On 9th April 1801 William Lorraine 6th Baronet was born to Charles Loraine 5th Baronet [aged 21] and Elizabeth Campart Lady Loraine [aged 22]. He was baptised on 6th May 1801 at Church of St Nicholas, Chiswick; his mother was visiting her family.
On 9th April 1817 Charlotte Augusta Leopoldina Murray was born to James Murray 1st Baron Glenlyon [aged 34] and Emily Frances Percy Baroness Goldolphin Helston [aged 29].
On 9th April 1823 Rudolph Feilding 8th Earl of Denbigh 7th Earl Desmond was born to William Feilding 6th Earl Desmond 7th Earl Denbigh [aged 27] and Mary Elizabeth Kitty Moreton Countess Desmond and Denbigh [aged 24]. He married in or before 1859 Mary Berkeley Countess Denbigh and had issue.
On 9th April 1825 William Cunard was born to Samuel Cunard 1st Baronet [aged 37].
On 9th April 1835 Somerset Lowry-Corry 4th Earl Belmore was born to Armar Lowry-Corry 3rd Earl Belmore [aged 33] and Emily Louise Shepherd Countess Belmore [aged 20] at Bruton Street. He married 22nd August 1861 Anne Elizabeth Honoria Gladstone and had issue.
Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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On 9th April 1837 Sudeley Hanbury-Tracy 3rd Baron Sudeley was born to Thomas Charles Hanbury-Tracy 2nd Baron Sudeley [aged 36] and Emma Elizabeth Alicia Dawkins-Pennant Baroness Sudeley.
On 9th April 1850 Julius Charles Wernher 1st Baronet was born.
On 9th April 1851 Gavin Campbell 1st Marquess Breadalbane was born to John Alexander Campbell 6th Earl Breadalbaine and Holland [aged 27].
On 9th April 1853 Gerald Balfour 2nd Earl of Balfour was born to James Maitland Balfour [aged 33] and Blanche Mary Harriet Gascoyne-Cecil [aged 28]. He married 21st December 1887 his sixth cousin Elizabeth Bulwer-Lytton Countess Balfour, daughter of Edward Robert Bulwer-Lytton 1st Earl and Edith Villiers Countess Lytton, and had issue.
On 9th April 1867 Sybil Frances Grey Lady Eden was born to William Grey [aged 49]. She married in or before 1887 William Eden 7th and 5th Baronet, son of William Eden 6th and 4th Baronet, and had issue.
On 9th April 1873 Margaret Evelyn Grosvenor Duchess Teck was born to Hugh Lupus Grosvenor 1st Duke Westminster [aged 47] and Constance Leveson-Gower Duchess Westminster [aged 38]. Coefficient of inbreeding 7.06%. She married 1894 Adolphus Cambridge Duke Teck and had issue.
On 9th April 1873 Aileen Wyndham-Quin was born to Windham Wyndham-Quin 4th Earl of Dunraven and Mount Earl [aged 32] and Florence Kerr Countess of Dunraven and Mount Earl [aged 31]. She married 12th February 1908 Reginald Brabazon 13th Earl of Meath, son of Reginald Brabazon 12th Earl of Meath and Mary Jane Maitland Countess Meath, and had issue.
On 9th April 1879 Gerald Kelly was born to Frederick Festus Kelly [aged 41]. He married 1930 Lilian Ryan.
On 9th April 1881 Juliet Lowther was born to George Henry Lowther 4th Earl Lonsdale [aged 25] and Constance Gwladys Herbert Marchioness Ripon [aged 21].
On 9th April 1902 Edward Christian David Gascoyne-Cecil was born to James Gascoyne-Cecil 4th Marquess Salisbury [aged 40] and Cicely Anne Gore Marchioness Salisbury [aged 34].
The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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On 9th April 1906 Philip Grantham Yorke 9th Earl of Hardwicke was born to Alfred Ernest Yorke [aged 34].
On 9th April 1911 Richard de Yarburgh-Bateson 6th Baron Deramore was born to George Yarburgh-Bateson 4th Baron Deramore [aged 40] and Muriel Katharine Duncombe [aged 31].
On 9th April 1928 Elisabeth Marion Leslie-Melville Baroness Joicey was born to Lieutenant-Colonel Ian Leslie-Melville [aged 33]. She married 27th March 1952 Michael Edward Joicey 4th Baron Joicey, son of Hugh Edward Joicey 3rd Baron and Joan Katherine Lambton Baroness Joicey, and had issue.
On 9th April 1934 Henry Nicolas Gage 8th Viscount Gage was born to Henry Rainaud Gage 6th Viscount Gage [aged 38] and Alexandra Imogen Clair Grenfell [aged 29].
On 9th April 1969 Alexander Sebastian Grey D'Estoteville Skipwith 13th Baronet was born to Patrick Alexander D'Estoteville Skipwith 12th Baronet [aged 30].
On 9th April 1409 Philip Valois II Count Nevers [aged 19] and Isabelle Coucy Countess Nevers [aged 23] were married at Soissons. She by marriage Countess Nevers. She the daughter of Enguerrand de Coucy 1st Earl Bedford 1st Count Soissons and Isabelle of Lorraine. He the son of Philip "Bold" Valois II Duke Burgundy and Margaret Dampierre Duchess Burgundy. They were third cousin once removed. He a great x 3 grandson of King Edward I of England.
On 9th April 1410 James Berkeley 11th and 1st Baron Berkeley [aged 16] and Unamed St John were married.
On 9th April 1494 Matthew Stewart 2nd Earl Lennox and Elizabeth Hamilton Countess Lennox [aged 19] were married. She by marriage Countess Lennox. He the son of John Stewart 1st Earl Lennox [aged 64] and Margaret Montgomerie Countess Lennox.
On 9th April 1632 Robert Rich 3rd Earl Warwick [aged 20] and Anne Cavendish Countess Warwick [aged 21] were married at Battersea, Surrey. She by marriage Countess Warwick. She the daughter of William Cavendish 2nd Earl Devonshire and Christian Bruce Countess Devonshire. He the son of Robert Rich 2nd Earl Warwick [aged 44] and Frances Hatton Countess Warwick.
On 9th April 1649 Philip Parker 1st Baronet [aged 31] and Rebecca Long Lady Parker were married.
The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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On 9th April 1668 Thomas Hickman Windsor 1st Earl Plymouth [aged 41] and Ursula Widdrington Countess Plymouth [aged 20] were married. They had six children. The difference in their ages was 20 years. They were fourth cousin once removed.
On 9th April 1691 Thomas Willoughby 1st Baron Middleton [aged 19] and Elizabeth Rothwell Baroness Willoughby and Middleton were married. She by marriage Baroness Willoughby Broke.
On 9th April 1703 Edward Ward 8th Baron Dudley 3rd Baron Ward [aged 19] and Diana Howard were married. They were fifth cousin once removed.
On 9th April 1719 Orlando Bridgeman 4th Baronet [aged 23] and Anne Newport Lady Bridgeman were married. She the daughter of Richard Newport 2nd Earl Bradford [aged 74] and Mary Wilbraham Countess Bradford [aged 57].
On 9th April 1792 William Charles Keppel 4th Earl Albermarle [aged 19] and Elizabeth Southwell Countess Albermarle [aged 16] were married. She by marriage Countess Albermarle. He the son of George Keppel 3rd Earl Albermarle and Anne Miller Countess Albermarle [aged 66].
On 9th April 1795 John Grey Egerton 8th Baronet [aged 28] and Maria Jackson were married.
On 9th April 1812 Thomas Whichcote 6th Baronet [aged 24] and Sophia Sherard Lady Whichcote [aged 16] were married. She the daughter of Philip Sherard 5th Earl Harborough.
On 9th April 1923 Fitzroy Somerset 4th Baron Raglan [aged 37] and Julia Somerset Baroness Raglan [aged 22] were married. She by marriage Baroness Raglan.
On 9th April 1975 Hugh Trenchard 3rd Viscount Trenchard [aged 24] and Fiona Morrison Viscountess Trenchard [aged 20] were married.
On 9th April 2005 Prince Charles [aged 56] and Queen Consort Camilla Shand [aged 57] were married at Windsor Guildhall. He the son of Philip Mountbatten Duke Edinburgh [aged 83] and Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom [aged 78].
Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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On 9th April 715 Pope Constantine I [aged 51] died.
On 9th April 1137 William "Saint" Poitiers X Duke Aquitaine [aged 38] died. His daughter Eleanor [aged 15] succeeded XI Duchess Aquitaine.
On 9th April 1166 Waleran Beaumont 1st Earl of Worcester Count Meulan [aged 62] died. Earl Worcester extinct. His son Robert [aged 24] succeeded Count Meulan.
On 9th April 1248 Hugh Chatillon I Count Blois V Count Saint Pol [aged 50] died. His grandson Hugh succeeded II Count Blois.
On 9th April 1302 Constance Hohenstaufen Queen Consort Aragon [aged 53] died.
On 9th April 1328 Thomas Fitzgerald 2nd Earl of Kildare died. His son Richard [aged 11] succeeded 3rd Earl Kildare.
On 9th April 1362 Bishop Robert de Strafford [aged 70] died.
On 9th April 1475 John Beauchamp 1st Baron Beauchamp Powick [aged 66] died at Powick, Worcestershire. He was buried at Worcester Cathedral [Map]. His son Richard [aged 40] succeeded 2nd Baron Beauchamp Powick in Worcestershire.
On 9th April 1477 John Hastings 9th Baron Hastings [aged 65] died at Elsing, Norfolk. His son Hugh [aged 40] de jure 10th Baron Hastings. Anne Gascoigne Baroness Hastings [aged 41] by marriage Baroness Hastings.
On 9th April 1483 King Edward IV of England [aged 40] died at Westminster [Map]. His son Edward [aged 12] succeeded V King of England. Those present included Elizabeth Woodville Queen Consort England [aged 46], William Hastings 1st Baron Hastings [aged 52] and Thomas Grey 1st Marquess Dorset [aged 28].
On 9th April 1484 Edward York Prince of Wales [aged 10] died at Middleham Castle [Map] leaving his father King Richard III of England [aged 31] without an heir. Duke of Cornwall, Earl Salisbury, Earl Chester extinct.
On 9th April 1582 Richard Bertie Baron Willoughby [aged 65] died at Bourne. He was buried at St James' Church, Spilsby [Map].
On 9th April 1609 Bishop William Overton [aged 84] died. Monument at Holy Trinity Church, Eccleshall [Map] with his two wives.
On 9th April 1626 Francis Bacon 1st Viscount St Alban [aged 65] died of pneumonia. He was buried at St Paul's Walden Bury, Hertfordshire. Viscount St Alban and Baron Verulam extinct.
On 9th April 1640 Mary Mildmay Countess of Westmoreland [aged 58] died.
On 9th April 1667 Katherine Wotton Countess Chesterfield [aged 58] died. Earl Chesterfield extinct. Her son Charles Kirkoven 1st Earl Bellomont [aged 23] inherited Boughton aka Bocton Place, Kent [Map].
On 9th April 1693 Mary Herbert Countess Gainsborough died. She was buried at St Andrew's Chuch, Minterne Magna [Map] where she has a memorial.
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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On 9th April 1697 William Craven 1st Earl Craven [aged 88] died. Earl Craven in Yorkshire, Viscount Craven of Uffington in Berkshire and Baron Craven of Hamstead Marshall in Berkshire extinct. His half first cousin three times removed William [aged 28] succeeded 2nd Baron Craven of Hamstead Marshall in Berkshire.
On 9th April 1709 John Burgoyne 3rd Baronet [aged 58] died. His son Roger [aged 27] succeeded 4th Baronet Burgoyne of Sutton in Bedfordshire.
On 9th April 1709 Godfrey Copley 2nd Baronet [aged 56] died at Red Lion Square Holborn. Baronet Copley Sprotborough extinct.
On 9th April 1711 Charles Duncombe [aged 63] died. He was at the time the richest commoner in England. His great wealth was inherited, half each, by his sister Mary aka Ursula Duncombe [aged 51] and his nephew Anthony Duncombe 1st Baron Feversham [aged 16]. She, Ursula, became the progenitor of Baron Feversham of Duncombe Park in Yorkshire.
On 9th April 1731 Robert Benson 1st Baron Bingley [aged 55] died. Baron Bingley extinct.
On 9th April 1743 John Bland 5th Baronet [aged 51] died. His son John [aged 21] succeeded 6th Baronet Bland of Kippax Park in Yorkshire.
On 9th April 1771 Rowland Stanley 4th Baronet [aged 63] died. His son William [aged 18] succeeded 5th Baronet Stanley of Hooton in Cheshire.
On 9th April 1783 John Frederick 4th Baronet [aged 74] died. His son John [aged 33] succeeded 5th Baronet Frederick of Burwood House in Surrey.
On 9th April 1787 Anthony Joseph Browne 7th Viscount Montagu [aged 57] died. His son George [aged 17] succeeded 8th Viscount Montagu.
On 9th April 1789 Brooke Boothby 5th Baronet [aged 78] died. His son Brooke [aged 44] succeeded 6th Baronet Boothby of Broadlow Ash in Derbyshire. Monument in St Oswald's Church, Ashbourne [Map] sculpted by Josuah Evans.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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On 09 or 11th April 1798 Arthur Pomeroy 1st Viscount Hamberton [aged 75] died.
On 9th April 1798 George Winn aka Allanson-Winn 1st Baron Headley [aged 73] died. His son Charles [aged 13] succeeded 2nd Baron Allanson and Winn of Aghadoe in County Kerry, 2nd Baronet Winn of Little Warley in Essex.
On 9th April 1799 Anastasia Daly Countess Kerry [aged 79] died. She was buried at Westminster Abbey [Map].
On 9th April 1803 Hester Granville Countess Chatham [aged 82] died. Her son John [aged 46] succeeded 2nd Baron Chatham of Chatham in Kent.
On 9th April 1817 John Opie [aged 55] died. He was buried at St Paul's Cathedral [Map].
On 9th April 1840 Charles Winn-Allanson 2nd Baron Headley [aged 55] died. His nephew Charles [aged 29] succeeded 3rd Baron Allanson and Winn of Aghadoe in County Kerry, 3rd Baronet Winn of Little Warley in Essex, 9th Baronet Winn of Nostel in Yorkshire.
On 9th April 1852 George Talbot Rice 3rd Baron Dynevor [aged 86] died. His son George [aged 56] succeeded 4th Baron Dynevor of Dynevor in Camarthenshire. Frances Fitzroy Baroness Dynevor by marriage Baroness Dynevor of Dynevor in Camarthenshire.
On 9th April 1858 Joseph Karl Stieler [aged 76] died.
On 28th March 1868 James Brudenell 7th Earl Cardigan [aged 70] died from a fall from a horse. His second cousin George [aged 63] succeeded 8th Earl Cardigan, 8th Baron Brudenell of Stonton in Leicestershire. Baron Brudenell Deene in Northamptonshire extinct.
On 25th May 1915 Adeline Horsey Countess Cardigan [aged 90] died.
Both were buried in St Peter's Church, Deene [Map]; he on 9th April 1868. Monument to James Brudenell 7th Earl Cardigan 1797 1868 sculpted by Joseph Boehm [aged 33]. Recumbent effigies on Sarcophagus, bronze sea horses (Brudenell Crest) at the bottom corners.
On 9th April 1869 William Pleydell-Bouverie 3rd Earl Radnor [aged 89] died. His son Jacob [aged 53] succeeded 4th Earl Radnor, 5th Viscount Folkestone, 5th Baron Longford, 7th Baronet Bouverie of St Catherine Cree Church in London. Mary Augusta Frederica Grimston [aged 47] by marriage Countess Radnor.
On 9th April 1873 Charles Allston Collins [aged 45] died of cancer. He was buried at Brompton Cemetery, Kensington.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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On 9th April 1882 Dante Gabriel Rossetti [aged 53] died. He was buried at All Saints Church, Birchington on Sea [Map]. There is a Celtic Cross marking his grave commissioned by his mother Frances Mary Lavinia Polidori [aged 81], designed by Ford Madox Brown [aged 60] and erected in the presence of his brother William Michael Rossetti [aged 52] and sister Christina Georgina Rossetti [aged 51] as written on the base of the cross.
On 9th April 1898 Brownlow Henry George Cecil 4th Marquess Exeter [aged 48] died. His son William [aged 21] succeeded 5th Marquess Exeter, 14th Earl Exeter, 15th Baron Burghley. Monument in the Church of St John the Baptist, Barnack [Map].
Brownlow Henry George Cecil 4th Marquess Exeter: On 20th December 1849 he was born to William Alleyne Cecil 3rd Marquess Exeter and and Georgina Sophia Pakenham Marchioness Exeter. On 7th September 1875 Brownlow Henry George Cecil 4th Marquess Exeter and Isabella Whichcote Marchioness of Exeter were married at St Denys' Church, Aswarby. He the son of William Alleyne Cecil 3rd Marquess Exeter.
William Cecil 5th Marquess Exeter: On 27th October 1876 he was born to Brownlow Henry George Cecil 4th Marquess Exeter and Isabella Whichcote Marchioness of Exeter. On 16th April 1901 William Cecil 5th Marquess Exeter and Myra Rowena Sibell Orde-Powlett Marchioness of Exeter were married. She by marriage Marchioness Exeter. He the son of Brownlow Henry George Cecil 4th Marquess Exeter and Isabella Whichcote Marchioness of Exeter. In 1937 he was appointed 885th Knight of the Garter by King George VI of the United Kingdom. In 1956 William Cecil 5th Marquess Exeter died. His son David succeeded 6th Marquess Exeter, 15th Earl Exeter, 16th Baron Burghley.
On 9th April 1914 Charles Harbord 5th Baron Suffield [aged 84] died. His son Charles [aged 58] succeeded 6th Baron Suffield, 7th Baronet Harbord of Suffield in Norfolk.
On 9th April 1925 Andrea Carlo Lucchesi [aged 65] died.
On 9th April 1928 Marie Anne Louise Baring Duchess Grafton [aged 95] died.
On 9th April 1938 Archibald Kennedy 3rd Marquess of Ailsa [aged 90] died. His son Archibald [aged 65] succeeded 4th Marquess Ailsa.
On 9th April 1991 Richard Yarde-Buller 4th Baron Churston [aged 81] died. His son John [aged 57] succeeded 5th Baron Churston, 7th Baronet Yarde-Buller of Churston in Devon.
On 9th April 2021 Philip Mountbatten Duke Edinburgh [aged 99] died at Windsor Castle [Map]. His son Charles [aged 72] succeeded 2nd Duke Edinburgh.