Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke
Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.
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09 Aug is in August.
1503 Marriage of James IV of Scotland and Margaret Tudor
1517 Sweating Sickness Outbreak
On 9th August 1108 Archbishop Ralph d'Escures was consecrated Bishop of Rochester.
After 9th August 1396 Robert Willoughby 4th Baron Willoughby (deceased) was buried at St James' Church, Spilsby [Map] with his third wife Elizabeth Latimer 5th Baroness Latimer, Baroness Neville and Willoughby. Early Plate Bascinet Period. Remarkable helm on which the Baron's head rests with a Bearded Man crest, or a man's bust ducally crowned. Excellent orle around the Baron's bascinet.
Collectanea by John Leland [1502-1552]. The IXth Day of the Monneth [9th August 1503] everie Lord, Knyght, Ladye, and Gentylwoman cam to the Pallais. Toward Xen of the Clok, the Kyng went his Way to Masse in the grett Church, acompayned of his Lordes and Nobles as the Day before; and was arayd of a riche Robbe of Cloth of Gold faurred of fyne blak Bougye, his Doublett of cramsyn Satyn, blak Hosys couved abouff, of Cloth of Gold, a blak Bonnet, a Saunt George of Gold, apon the Dragon a Ruby, a cramsyn Hat, a Payre of gold Beads haungyng to his Gyrdle, to the Nombre of XIIJ more or lesse, and a Dagar before him. The Lord of Honteley bar the Swerde before him, an I Hussher of his Chammer bore his Train, hys Maister d'Hostell, his Chamberlayn, his Constable, the Marshall, and the Officers of Armes and the Trumpets went before him after the Custome of the Countre.
The Masse being doon by hys Chappelle, and one of the Religyous, he retourned ageyn. Duryng the Masse the Erle of Surrey (age 60) and his Company cam to convey him, for the wich Kindnesses he at the Retornynge tuke him by the Armes, tyll he cam into his Chamber.
Hys Dinnar was brought and served in Silver Vessels by the Officers and Personnaiges in suche Manere as the Day before. After Dynnar a young Man, an Italyen, playedj before the King on a Corde varey well. Ny to him at the Windows wer my Lord of York (age 54), the Erle of Surrey, the ArchByschop of Saunt Andrew (age 27), the Byschop of Durham and many other Lords. The Ladyes, acompayned of Lordes and Knyghts, wer at the Windows toward the Qwenes Qvarters. And after the Game was doon, they begon to daunce. Touchynge the Qwene I say nothinge, for that sam Day I saw her not, bot I undendond that sche was in good Helth and Mere.
As for the Soupper, notwithstanding it was Fastyng Day, Baunketts of many Metts war not forgotten; after wich every Man drew to his Lodgynge. That Even the Qwene delivered hyr Robbe of Maryage to the Officers of Scotlaund the wiche the next Day followyng Marchmont Herawld barred in Cowrt in Escharpe, he and hys Companyons thaunking the King and Qwene therfor. But on the Morow she gaffe them the Somme of XL Nobles for Largesse, and they brought ageyn the said Robbe into the Warderobe ot the sayd Qwene, as she desyred in hyr Recompensing.
Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic Henry VIII 1517. 9th August 1517. R.O. 3572. SIR RICHARD WINGFIELD to WOLSEY.
Yesterday the Cardinal of Arragon left Calais. He did not go, as Wingfield wrote in his last, to Cambray, to visit the King Catholic, but to Boulogne, thence of Rouen, and so to Spain, to wait the King's arrival, if he can go there this year. He told Wingfield he intended to return from Spain and cross to England. He was sorry it was not his fortune to visit the King at that time in consequence of the plague in London and other places, and left, at his going, a letter for Wolsey. He travels like a nobleman, and has forty horses with him. Yesterday se'nnight the King of France entered Rouen. Has sent a spy to see what he is doing, and return by the seacoast to find what ships are at Dieppe. Calais, 9 Aug. Signed.
Diary of Edward VI. 9th August 1550. The French embassadour came to Windsore to sue for a pasport for the douagier of Scotteland (age 34); wich being graunted, so she came like a frend, he required 300 hors to passe, with 200 kepers, wich was not holly graunted, but only 200 hors with 150 kepers in on(e) companie, cumming into this realme as shuld be apointed, shuld without let passe into Fraunce, and not returne this way.1
Note 1. This plan was reversed. The queen sailed from Edinburgh (to visit her daughter Mary queen of Scots (age 7), who was then in France,) on the 7th Sept. 1550, and landed at Dieppe on the 19th. On her return she came through England, landing at Portsmouth on the 2d Nov. 1551: under which date we shall meet her again.
Henry Machyn's Diary. 9th August 1553. The ix day of August cam the bysshope of Wyncheaster (age 70) owt of the Towre (conducted) by the yerle of Arundell (age 41) to ys owen parish of sant Mare Overeys [Map], and from thens with my lord of Arundell to dener to Bayth plasse.
Henry Machyn's Diary. 9th August 1555. The ix day of August was a generall prossessyon at London with all the chylderyn of skolles in London; and all sextens, and all clarkes, and all prestes; and the bysshope of London (age 55), and my lord mayre, in ther leveray, from Powlles done Chepesyd, and thrugh Bokelars-bere and Walbroke, and up Watlyng-stret to Powlles.
Henry Machyn's Diary. 9th August 1561. The ix day of August the quen('s) (age 27) grace has commondyd that all chathredalles and coleges and studyans places that they shuld putt ther wyffes from them owt of the serkutt [circuit] of evere [every] colege.
On 9th August 1564 Anthony Mildmay (age 14), whilst being educated at Peterhouse College, Cambridge University [Map], delivered an oration to Queen Elizabeth I of England and Ireland (age 30) with much success during her visit to the college.
On 9th August 1620 Magdalene Hanover was born to George Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 38) and Anne Eleonore Hesse Darmstadt Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 19). She died aged less than one years old.
On 9th August 1631 John Dryden was born to Erasmus Dryden (age 45) and Mary Pickering (age 39) in The Rectory, Aldwincle. Some sources describe his birth as being the 19th of August in the New Style i.e. Gregorian Calendar adopted more than a hundred years alter in 1752? He married 1st December 1663 his fifth cousin once removed Elizabeth Howard, daughter of Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire and Elizabeth Cecil Countess Berkshire, and had issue.
John Evelyn's Diary. 9th August 1654. To the old and ragged city of Leicester [Map], large and pleasantly seated, but despicably built, the chimney flues like so many smiths' forges; however, famous for the tomb of the tyrant, Richard III, which is now converted to a cistern, at which (I think) cattle drink. Also, here in one of the churches lies buried the magnificent Cardinal Wolsey. John of Gaunt has here also built a large but poor hospital, near which a wretch has made him a house out of the ruins of a stately church. Saw the ruins of an old Roman Temple, thought to be of Janus. Entertained at a very fine collection of fruits, such as I did not expect to meet with so far North, especially very good melons. We returned to my uncle's.
Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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On 9th August 1657 Pierre Etienne Monnot was born in Orchamps Vennes.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 9th August 1660. Left my wife at Mrs. Hunt's and I to my Lord's, and from thence with judge Advocate Fowler, Mr. Creed, and Mr. Sheply to the Rhenish wine-house, and Captain Hayward of the Plymouth, who is now ordered to carry my Lord Winchelsea, Embassador to Constantinople. We were very merry, and judge Advocate did give Captain Hayward his Oath of Allegiance and Supremacy. Thence to my office of Privy Seal, and, having signed some things there, with Mr. Moore and Dean Fuller (age 52) to the Leg in King Street, and, sending for my wife, we dined there very merry, and after dinner, parted. After dinner with my wife to Mrs. Blackburne to visit her. She being within I left my wife there, and I to the Privy Seal, where I despatch some business, and from thence to Mrs. Blackburne again, who did treat my wife and me with a great deal of civility, and did give us a fine collation of collar of beef, &c. Thence I, having my head full of drink from having drunk so much Rhenish wine in the morning, and more in the afternoon at Mrs. Blackburne's, came home and so to bed, not well, and very ill all night.
John Evelyn's Diary. 9th August 1661. I first saw the famous Queen Pine brought from Barbadoes, and presented to his Majesty (age 31); but the first that were ever seen in England were those sent to Cromwell four years since.
Note. An excellent print in the line manner, 13 inches by 12, was engraved, in 1823, by Robert Grave, from the picture at Strawberry-Hill, of King Charles II., receiving this species of fruit from Rose, his gardener, who is presenting it on his knees, at Dawney Court, Buckinghamshire, the seat of the celebrated Duchess of Cleveland, See hereafter, under 1668, August.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 9th August 1664. They gone I to my office, and there my head being a little troubled with the little wine I drank, though mixed with beer, but it may be a little more than I used to do, and yet I cannot say so, I went home and spent the afternoon with my wife talking, and then in the evening a little to my office, and so home to supper and to bed. This day comes the newes that the Emperour hath beat the Turke1 killed the Grand Vizier and several great Bassas, with an army of 80,000 men killed and routed; with some considerable loss of his own side, having lost three generals, and the French forces all cut off almost. Which is thought as good a service to the Emperour as beating the Turke almost, for had they conquered they would have been as troublesome to him2.
Note 1. This was the battle of St. Gothard, in which the Turks were defeated with great slaughter by the imperial forces under Montecuculli, assisted by the confederates from the Rhine, and by forty troops of French cavalry under Coligni. St. Gothard is in Hungary, on the river Raab, near the frontier of Styria; it is about one hundred and twenty miles south of Vienna, and thirty east of Gratz. The battle took place on the 9th Moharrem, A.H. 1075, or 23rd July, A.D. 1664 (old style), which is that used by Pepys. B.
Note 2. The fact is, the Germans were beaten by the Turks, and the French won the battle for them. B.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 9th August 1666. In the evening to Lumbard-streete [Map] about money, to enable me to pay Sir G. Carteret's (age 56) £3000, which he hath lodged in my hands, in behalf of his son and my Lady Jemimah, toward their portion, which, I thank God, I am able to do at a minute's warning. In my [way] I inquired, and find Mrs. Rawlinson is dead of the sickness, and her mayde continues mighty ill. He himself is got out of the house. I met also with Mr. Evelyn (age 45) in the streete, who tells me the sad condition at this very day at Deptford, Kent [Map] for the plague, and more at Deale [Map] (within his precinct as one of the Commissioners for sick and wounded seamen), that the towne is almost quite depopulated.
On 9th August 1666 and 10th August 1666 Holme's Bonfire was an attack by the English fleet commanded by Admiral Robert Holmes (age 44) on a Dutch merchant fleet of 140 ships at the Vlie estuary. The town of West-Terschelling was burnt down.
On 9th August 1675 Charles Lennox 1st Duke Richmond (age 3) was created 1st Duke Richmond, 1st Earl March, 1st Baron Settrington by King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 45).
John Evelyn's Diary. 9th August 1675. Dr. Sprat (age 40), prebend of Westminster, and Chaplain to the Duke of Buckingham (age 47), preached on the 3d Epistle of Jude, showing what the primitive faith was, how near it and how excellent that of the Church of England, also the danger of departing from it.
John Evelyn's Diary. 9th August 1677. Dined at the Earl of Peterborough's (age 55) the day after the marriage of my Lord of Arundel (age 22) to Lady Mary Mordaunt (age 18), daughter of the Earl of Peterborough.
On 9th August 1693 Sophia Wilhelmina Saxe Coburg Saalfeld was born to John Ernest Saxe Coburg Saalfeld IV Duke Saxe Coburg Saalfeld (age 34) and Charlotte Johanna Waldeck Wildungen Duchess Saxe Coburg Saalfeld at Saalfield.
On 9th August 1722 Augustus William Hohenzollern was born to Frederick William "Soldier King" I King Prussia (age 33) and Sophia Dorothea Hanover Queen Consort Prussia (age 35). He a great x 3 grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland. Coefficient of inbreeding 8.31%.
On or before 9th August 1726 Isabella Fitzroy Countess Hertford was born to Charles Fitzroy 2nd Duke Grafton (age 42) and Henrietta Somerset Duchess Grafton (age 35). He mother died on 9th August 1726. She a great granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She married 29th May 1741 her fifth cousin once removed Francis Seymour-Conway 1st Marquess Hertford, son of Francis Seymour-Conway 1st Baron Conway and Charlotte Shorter, and had issue.
On 9th August 1726 Henrietta Somerset Duchess Grafton (age 35) died.
On 9th August 1744 James Brydges 1st Duke Chandos (age 71) died at Cannons House Little Stanmore. He was buried at Chandos Mausoleum Church of St Lawrence Whitchurch Lane Little Stanmore. His son Henry (age 36) succeeded 2nd Duke Chandos, 2nd Marquess Carnarvon, 2nd Earl Carnarvon, 2nd Viscount Wilton, 10th Baron Chandos of Sudeley, 5th Baronet Brydges of Wilton in Herefordshire.
On 9th August 1761 Archbishop George Gilbert (age 67) died in Twickenham, Richmond.
Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 9th August 1801 John Weld-Forester 2nd Baron Forester was born to Cecil Weld-Forester 1st Baron Forester (age 34) and Katherine Mary Manners Baroness Forester at Sackville Street. King George IV of Great Britain and Ireland (age 38) was his godfather. He married 10th June 1856 Alexandrina Julia Gräfin von Maltzan.
After 9th August 1821. Monument in Church of St Oswald, Methley [Map] to Sarah Delaval Countess Mexborough (deceased).
Greville Memoirs. 9th August 1831. Nothing remarkable in the House of Commons but Lord John Russell's (age 38) declaration that 'this Bill would not be final if it was not found to work as well as the people desired,' which is sufficiently impudent considering that hitherto they have always pretended that it was to be final, and that it was made so comprehensive only that it might be so; this has been one of their grand arguments, and now we are never to sit down and rest, but go on changing till we get a good fit, and that for a country which will have been made so fidgety that it won't stand still to be measured. Hardinge, whom I found at dinner at the Athenæum yesterday, told me he was convinced that a revolution in this country was inevitable; and such is the opinion of others who support this Bill, not because they think concession will avert it, but will let it come more gradually and with less violence. I have always been convinced that the country was in no danger of revolutiorobberies n, and still believe that if one does come it will be from the passing of this Bill, which will introduce the principle of change and whet the appetites of those who never will be satisfied with any existing order of things; or if it follows on the rejection of this Bill, which I doubt, it will be owing to the concentration of all the forces that are opposed to our present institutions, and the divisions, jealousies, rivalships, and consequent weakness of all those who ought to defend them. God only knows how it will all end. There has been but one man for many years past able to arrest this torrent, and that was Canning; and him the Tories—idiots that they were, and never discovering that he was their best friend—hunted to death with their besotted and ignorant hostility.
St Giles' Church, Great Longstone [Map]. Memorial to William Carleill, died at Longstone Hall, Derbyshire 9th August 1843, Eleanor his wife, and their children Eleanor, Randolph, Martha, Alicia Maria, Katharine, Elizabeth, Maria and Ann.
Ten Years' Digging. August 9th, we were disappointed, on excavating a small barrow on Archford Moor, called Smeetlow, to find that the whole centre was destroyed by a llmelin.
Ten Years' Digging. On the 9th of August we made an examination of the remains of a tumulus [Map] [Saint's Hill Barrow [Map]] in a plantation on the summit of Saint's Hill, near Parwich, which had been destroyed by getting stone for the walls enclosing the plantation, when about 80 small brass coins of the later Roman Emperors were found scattered about the barrow.
Owing to the double destruction caused by stone getters, and persons tempted to search by the discovery of the coins, we were unable to find a single inch of undisturbed ground, and the sole evidence of former interments was afforded by two human teeth and some rats' bones.
Ten Years' Digging. On the 9th of August we examined the remains of a barrow which had been raised upon a rocky mound near New Inns, Derbyshire, finding only broken human bones, teeth of rats and other quadrupeds, with flakes of flint and pieces of earthenware.
We then proceeded towards Cold Eaton, where in a pasture field, between Green Low [Map] and Net Low [Map] barrows, opened in 1845, are two more large flat barrows, previously unnoticed. That opened on the present occasion was nearest Net Low. It was about twenty yards across, with a central elevation of eighteen inches, and was entirely composed of earth. The original deposit was placed in a circular hole, eighteen inches diameter, sunk about six inches in the stony surface of the land on which the barrow was raised, so that the entire depth from the top of the latter was two feet. The interment consisted of a quantity of calcined human bones, which lay upon a thin layer of earth at the bottom of the hole, as compactly as if they had at first been deposited within a shallow basket, or similar perishable vessel. Upon them lay some fragments of iron, parts of two bone combs, and twent-eight convex objects of bone, like button-moulds.
The pieces of iron have been attached to some article of perishable material; the largest fragment has a good-sized loop, as if for suspension. One of the combs has been much like the small-tooth comb used in our nurseries, and is ornamented by small annulets cut in the bone; the other is of more elaborate make, having teeth on each side as the former, but being strengthened by a rib up the middle of both sides, covered with a finely-cut herring-bone pattern, and attached by iron rivets.
The twenty-eight bone objects consist of flattened hemispherical pieces, mostly with dots on the convex side; in some, dots within annulets. They vary from half an inch to an inch in diameter, and have generally eight, nine, or ten dots each; but these are disposed so irregularly that it would be difficult to count them off hand, which leads to the conclusion that these counters would not be employed for playing any game dependent upon numbers, like dominoes or dice, but that they were more probably used for a game analagou& to draughts. This is most likely to be the fact, as draughtmen have occasionally been found in Scandinavian grave mounds; and we must assign this interment, if not to the Danes, still to the Pagan Saxons, whose customs were in many respects identical. All the articles found in this barrow have undergone the process of combustion, along with the human remains.
On 9th August 1861 John William Godward was born.
On 9th August 1863 Henry Fitzgerald was born to Charles William Fitzgerald Fitzgerald 4th Duke Leinster (age 44) and Caroline Leveson-Gower Duchess Leinster (age 36) at Kilkea Castle, Castledermot, County Kildare. He married 21st January 1891 Inez Charlotte Grace Boteler.
On 9th August 1866 Emil Fuchs was born in Vienna [Map].
On 9th August 1893 Rosemary Millicent Sutherland-Leveson-Gower was born to Cromartie Sutherland-Leveson-Gower 4th Duke of Sutherland (age 42) and Millicent Fanny St Clair-Erskine Duchess of Sutherland (age 25). She married 8th March 1919 William Humble Eric Ward 3rd Earl of Dudley, son of William Humble Ward 2nd Earl of Dudley, and had issue.
On 9th August 1902 King Edward VII of the United Kingdom (age 60) was crowned VII King of the United Kingdom at Westminster Abbey [Map]. Alexandra of Denmark Queen Consort England (age 57) was crowned Queen Consort by Archbishop William Dalrymple Maclagan (age 76).
Winifred, Duchess of Portland (age 38), wearing the Portland Diamond Tiara, commissioned esppecially for the event, served as a canopy bearer to Queen Alexandra.
On 9th August 1914 Alastair Windsor 2nd Duke Connaught and Strathearn was born to Prince Arthur of Connaught (age 31) and Princess Alexandra Duff Duchess Fife (age 23) at 54 Mount Street Grosvenor Square. He was baptised on 1st September 1914 at his parent's home. His godparents were his maternal great-uncle King George V of the United Kingdom (age 49), Alfonso XIII King Spain (age 28), his maternal great-grandmother Alexandra of Denmark Queen Consort England (age 69), his grandfather Prince Arthur Windsor 1st Duke Connaught and Strathearn (age 64), his great-aunt Princess Louise Caroline Alberta Windsor Duchess Argyll (age 66) and his cousin Princess Mary Windsor Countess Harewood (age 17). He a great grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.89%.
Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.
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On 9th August 1915 Gerald Legge (age 33) was killed in action whilst serving with the 7th Bn. South Staffordshire Regiment at Suvla Bay.
On 9th August 1945 the United States Army Air Forces B-29 bomber "Bockscar" dropped the atomic bomb "Fat Man" on the Japanese city of Nagasaki instantly killing around 35,000 people, and injuring around 60,000.
On 8th August 1974 American President Richard Nixon made a televised speech to the American people announcing his decision to resign the following day as a consequence of the "long and difficult period of Watergate".
On 9th August 1974 Preseident Nixon sent his resignation letter to Secretary of State Henry Kissinger; he remains the only American president to resign from office.
On 9th August 1974 Frederick John Wilcoxson (age 86) died.
On 9th August 2016 Gerald Cavendish Grosvenor 6th Duke Westminster (age 64) died. His son Hugh (age 25) succeeded 7th Duke Westminster, 9th Marquess Westminster, 10th Earl Grosvenor, 16th Baronet Grosvenor of Eaton in Cheshire.
On 9th August 1298 Robert Ufford 1st Earl Suffolk was born to Robert Ufford 1st Baron Ufford (age 19) and Cecily Valoignes Baroness Ufford (age 14). He married 1324 Margaret Norwich Countess Suffolk and had issue.
On 9th August 1303 Joan Verdun Baroness Furnivall was born to Theobald Verdun 2nd Lord Verdun (age 24) and Maud Mortimer Lady Verdun (age 17) at Wooton, Stanton Lacy. Coefficient of inbreeding 1.90%. She married (1) Thomas Furnival 2nd Baron Furnivall, son of Thomas Furnival 1st Baron Furnivall and Joan Despencer Baroness Furnivall, and had issue (2) 1317 John Montagu, son of William Montagu 2nd Baron Montagu and Elizabeth Montfort Baroness Furnivall Baroness Montagu.
On 9th August 1620 Magdalene Hanover was born to George Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 38) and Anne Eleonore Hesse Darmstadt Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 19). She died aged less than one years old.
On 9th August 1620 George Brydges 6th Baron Chandos was born to Grey Brydges 5th Baron Chandos (age 40) and Anne Stanley Countess Castlehaven (age 40). He married (1) 14th December 1637 his half fifth cousin once removed Susan Montagu Baroness Chandos, daughter of Henry Montagu 1st Earl Manchester and Margaret Crouch Countess Manchester (2) before February 1655 his third cousin once removed Jane Savage Baroness Chandos, daughter of John Savage 2nd Earl Rivers and Catherine Parker.
On 9th August 1631 John Dryden was born to Erasmus Dryden (age 45) and Mary Pickering (age 39) in The Rectory, Aldwincle. Some sources describe his birth as being the 19th of August in the New Style i.e. Gregorian Calendar adopted more than a hundred years alter in 1752? He married 1st December 1663 his fifth cousin once removed Elizabeth Howard, daughter of Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire and Elizabeth Cecil Countess Berkshire, and had issue.
On 9th August 1657 Pierre Etienne Monnot was born in Orchamps Vennes.
On 9th August 1667 John Bridgeman 3rd Baronet was born to John Bridgeman 2nd Baronet (age 35).
On 9th August 1693 Sophia Wilhelmina Saxe Coburg Saalfeld was born to John Ernest Saxe Coburg Saalfeld IV Duke Saxe Coburg Saalfeld (age 34) and Charlotte Johanna Waldeck Wildungen Duchess Saxe Coburg Saalfeld at Saalfield.
On 9th August 1722 Augustus William Hohenzollern was born to Frederick William "Soldier King" I King Prussia (age 33) and Sophia Dorothea Hanover Queen Consort Prussia (age 35). He a great x 3 grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland. Coefficient of inbreeding 8.31%.
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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On 9th August 1747 Henry Thomas Fox-Strangways 2nd Earl of Ilchester was born to Stephen Fox-Strangways 1st Earl of Ilchester (age 42) and Elizabeth Strangways-Horner Countess Ilchester (age 25). He married (1) 20th August 1772 Mary Theresa O'Grady Countess of Ilchester and had issue (2) 20th August 1794 Maria Digby Countess Ilchester, daughter of William Digby and Charlotte Cox, and had issue.
On 9th August 1752 Charles Maynard 2nd Viscount Maynard was born to William Maynard 4th Baronet (age 31) and Charlotte Bishopp Baroness Maynard (age 21). He married 24th September 1776 Anne aka Nancy Parsons Viscountess Maynard.
On 9th August 1757 Francis Basset 1st Baron Dunstanville and Basset Stratton was born.
On 9th August 1767 Charles Callis Western 1st Baron Western was born.
On 9th August 1767 Thomas Cholmondeley 1st Baron Delamere was born to Thomas Cholmondeley (age 41). He married 17th December 1810 Henrietta Elizabeth Williams-Wynn Baroness Delamere, daughter of Watkin Williams-Wynn 4th Baronet and Henrietta Somerset Lady Williams-Wynn, and had issue.
On 9th August 1772 Sherrod Beaumont Burnaby was born to Archdeacon Andrew Burnaby (age 39) and Anna Edwyn (age 36).
On 9th August 1776 George Augustus Clavering-Cowper 4th Earl Cowper was born to George Nassau Clavering-Cowper 3rd Earl Cowper (age 37) and Hannah Anna Gore 3rd Countess Cowper.
On 9th August 1777 Henrietta Susanah Montagu was born to John Montagu 5th Earl Sandwich (age 33) and Maria Henrietta Powlett at Hinchinbrooke House [Map]. She married after 3rd May 1798 William James Comte d'Arran and had issue.
On 9th August 1781 John Ward 1st Earl of Dudley was born to William Ward 3rd Viscount Dudley and Ward (age 31).
On 9th August 1786 Reverend Algernon Peyton was born to Henry Dashwood aka Peyton 1st Baronet (age 50) and Frances Rous Lady Peyton.
On 9th August 1794 Beaumont Hotham 3rd Baron Hotham was born to Beaumont Hotham (age 25) and Philadelphia Dyke (age 34).
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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On 9th August 1801 John Weld-Forester 2nd Baron Forester was born to Cecil Weld-Forester 1st Baron Forester (age 34) and Katherine Mary Manners Baroness Forester at Sackville Street. King George IV of Great Britain and Ireland (age 38) was his godfather. He married 10th June 1856 Alexandrina Julia Gräfin von Maltzan.
On 9th August 1805 John Robert Townshend 1st Earl Sydney was born to John Townshend 2nd Viscount Sydney (age 41) and Caroline Elizabeth Letitia Clements Viscountess Sydney (age 40). He married 4th August 1832 Emily Paget Countess Sydney, daughter of Henry William Paget 1st Marquess Anglesey and Charlotte Cadogan Marchioness Anglesey.
On 9th August 1815 Edmund Roche 1st Baron Fermoy was born to Edward Roche (age 44). He married 22nd August 1848 Elizabeth Caroline Boothby and had issue.
On 9th August 1828 Henry St John Halford 3rd Baronet was born to Henry Halford 2nd Baronet (age 31) and Barbara Vaughan. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.12%. He married 23rd July 1853 Elizabeth Ursula Bagshawe Lady Halford.
On 9th August 1830 Frederick Ellis 7th Baron Howard de Walden 3rd Baron Seaford was born to Charles Ellis 6th Baron Howard de Walden 2nd Baron Seaford (age 31) and Lucy Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck (age 22). He was educated at Eton College [Map] and Trinity College, Cambridge University [Map]. He married 1876 Blanche Holden Baroness Howard, Seaford and Ludlow and had issue.
On 9th August 1844 Wyndham Knatchbull 12th Baronet was born to Norton Joseph Knatchbull 10th Baronet (age 36) and Mary Watts-Russell.
On 9th August 1846 Georgina Moncrieffe Countess Dudley was born to Thomas Moncrieffe 7th Baronet (age 24) and Louisa Hay-Drummond Lady Moncrieffe. She married 21st November 1865 William Ward 1st Earl of Dudley, son of William Humble Ward 10th Baron Ward, and had issue.
On 9th August 1861 John William Godward was born.
On 9th August 1863 Henry Fitzgerald was born to Charles William Fitzgerald Fitzgerald 4th Duke Leinster (age 44) and Caroline Leveson-Gower Duchess Leinster (age 36) at Kilkea Castle, Castledermot, County Kildare. He married 21st January 1891 Inez Charlotte Grace Boteler.
On 9th August 1866 Emil Fuchs was born in Vienna [Map].
Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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On 9th August 1876 Ernest Denison 6th Baron Londesborough was born to Rear Admiral Albert Denison (age 40).
On 9th August 1876 Victor Bulwer-Lytton 2nd Earl of Lytton was born to Edward Robert Bulwer-Lytton 1st Earl (age 44) and Edith Villiers Countess Lytton (age 34).
On 9th August 1879 Robert Lygon was born to Frederick Lygon 6th Earl Beauchamp (age 48) and Emily Annora Charlotte Pierrepont Countess Beauchamp (age 26).
On 9th August 1884 Edwyn Clement Hoskyns 13th Baronet was born to Edwyn Hoskyns 12th Baronet (age 33).
On 9th August 1893 Rosemary Millicent Sutherland-Leveson-Gower was born to Cromartie Sutherland-Leveson-Gower 4th Duke of Sutherland (age 42) and Millicent Fanny St Clair-Erskine Duchess of Sutherland (age 25). She married 8th March 1919 William Humble Eric Ward 3rd Earl of Dudley, son of William Humble Ward 2nd Earl of Dudley, and had issue.
On 9th August 1906 John Littleton 6th Baron Hatherton was born to Edward Charles Rowley Littleton 4th Baron Hatherton (age 38).
On 9th August 1914 Alastair Windsor 2nd Duke Connaught and Strathearn was born to Prince Arthur of Connaught (age 31) and Princess Alexandra Duff Duchess Fife (age 23) at 54 Mount Street Grosvenor Square. He was baptised on 1st September 1914 at his parent's home. His godparents were his maternal great-uncle King George V of the United Kingdom (age 49), Alfonso XIII King Spain (age 28), his maternal great-grandmother Alexandra of Denmark Queen Consort England (age 69), his grandfather Prince Arthur Windsor 1st Duke Connaught and Strathearn (age 64), his great-aunt Princess Louise Caroline Alberta Windsor Duchess Argyll (age 66) and his cousin Princess Mary Windsor Countess Harewood (age 17). He a great grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.89%.
On 9th August 1923 Adrian Gerald Foley 8th Baron Foley was born to Gerard Foley 7th Baron Foley (age 25).
On 9th August 1731 Charles Eversfield (age 47) and Henrietta Scarborough Lady Jenkinson (age 36) were married. She the widow of Robert Jenkinson 3rd Baronet.
On 9th August 1749 Charles Dormer 8th Baron Dormer (age 24) and Mary Talbot were married.
The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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On 9th August 1783 Archibald Montgomerie 11th Earl Eglinton (age 57) and Frances Twysden (age 20) were married. The difference in their ages was 36 years. He the son of Alexander Montgomerie 9th Earl Eglinton and Susanna Kennedy Countess Winton.
On 9th August 1832 Henry George Grey 3rd Earl Grey (age 29) and Maria Copley 3rd Countess Grey (age 33) were married. She the daughter of Joseph Copley 3rd Baronet (age 63) and Cecil Hamilton Marchioness Abercorn. He the son of Charles Grey 2nd Earl Grey (age 68) and Mary Elizabeth Ponsonby Countess Grey (age 56).
On 9th August 1833 Randolph Stewart 9th Earl Galloway (age 33) and Harriet Blanche Somerset Countess Galloway (age 21) were married. She the daughter of Henry Charles Somerset 6th Duke Beaufort (age 66) and Charlotte Sophia Leveson-Gower Duchess Beaufort (age 62). He the son of George Stewart 8th Earl Galloway (age 65) and Jane Paget Countess Galloway (age 58). They were second cousins.
On 9th August 1838 Charles Frederick Ashley-Cooper Ponsonby 2nd Baron de Mauley (age 22) and Maria Jane Elizabeth Ponsonby Baroness Mauley (age 19) were married. She the daughter of John Ponsonby 4th Earl Bessborough (age 56) and Maria Fane. They were first cousins.
On 9th August 1859 George Augustus Hamilton Chichester 5th Marquess Donegal (age 37) and Virginia Elizabeth Mure were married. He had previously been cited in her divorce case Mure v. Mure and Chichester. He the son of Edward Chichester 4th Marquess Donegal (age 60) and Amelia Ogrady Marchioness County Donegal.
On 9th August 1862 Seymour Egerton 4th Earl Wilton (age 23) and Laura Caroline Russell Countess Wilton (age 20) were married. He the son of Thomas Grosvenor 2nd Earl Wilton (age 62) and Mary Smith-Stanley Countess Wilton.
On 9th August 1886 Humphrey Francis de Trafford 3rd Baronet (age 24) and Violet Franklin Lady de Trafford were married. She by marriage Lady de Trafford of Trafford Park in Lancashire.
On 9th August 1905 John Townshend 6th Marquess Townshend (age 38) and Gwladys Sutherst Marchioness Townshend (age 21) were married at St Martin in the Fields Church [Map]. She by marriage Marchioness Townshend. He the son of John Villiers Stuart Townshend 5th Marquess Townshend and Anne Elizabeth Clementina Duff Marchioness Townshend (age 57).
On 9th August 1947 Charles Hedworth Mills 4th Baron Hillingdon (age 25) and Sarah Gray Stuart (age 18) were married. She the daughter of Francis Douglas Stuart 18th Earl of Moray.
On 9th August 1078 Peter Savoy I Count Savoy (age 30) died. His brother Amadeus (age 28) succeeded II Count Savoy.
On 9th August 1211 William de Braose 4th Baron Bramber (age 67) died at France. His son Giles de jure 7th Baron Abergavenny Feudal Creation, 5th Baron Bramber Feudal. He died before he could take possession of his lands.
This is a translation of the 'Memoires of Jacques du Clercq', published in 1823 in two volumes, edited by Frederic, Baron de Reissenberg. In his introduction Reissenberg writes: 'Jacques du Clercq tells us that he was born in 1424, and that he was a licentiate in law and a counsellor to Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, in the castellany of Douai, Lille, and Orchies. It appears that he established his residence at Arras. In 1446, he married the daughter of Baldwin de la Lacherie, a gentleman who lived in Lille. We read in the fifth book of his Memoirs that his father, also named Jacques du Clercq, had married a lady of the Le Camelin family, from Compiègne. His ancestors, always attached to the counts of Flanders, had constantly served them, whether in their councils or in their armies.' The Memoires cover a period of nineteen years beginning in in 1448, ending in in 1467. It appears that the author had intended to extend the Memoirs beyond that date; no doubt illness or death prevented him from carrying out this plan. As Reissenberg writes the 'merit of this work lies in the simplicity of its narrative, in its tone of good faith, and in a certain air of frankness which naturally wins the reader’s confidence.' Du Clercq ranges from events of national and international importance, including events of the Wars of the Roses in England, to simple, everyday local events such as marriages, robberies, murders, trials and deaths, including that of his own father in Book 5; one of his last entries.
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On 6th August 1254 or 9th August 1254 Bishop Hugh of Northwold died. He was buried at Ely Cathedral [Map].
On 9th August 1396 Robert Willoughby 4th Baron Willoughby (age 47) died. His son William (age 26) succeeded 5th Baron Willoughby de Eresby. Lucy Strange Baroness Willoughby Eresby by marriage Baroness Willoughby de Eresby.
On 9th August 1449 Walter Hungerford 1st Baron Hungerford (age 71) died at Salisbury. He was buried at the Hungerford Chapel at Salisbury Cathedral [Map]. His son Robert (age 49) succeeded 2nd Baron Hungerford. Margaret Botreaux 4th Baroness Botreaux Baroness Hungerford by marriage Baroness Hungerford.
On 9th August 1449 Richard Strange 3rd Baron Dunster 7th Baron Strange Knockin (age 68) died. His son John (age 6) succeeded 8th Baron Strange Knockin, 4th Baron Mohun of Dunster. Jacquetta Woodville Baroness Strange and Mohun (age 4) by marriage Baroness Strange Knockin, Baroness Mohun of Dunster.
On 9th August 1613 William Russell 1st Baron Russell (age 53) died. His son Francis (age 20) succeeded 2nd Baron Russell of Thornhaugh.
On 9th August 1699 Charles Carnegie 4th Earl Southesk (age 38) died. His son James (age 7) succeeded 5th Earl Southesk.
On 9th August 1704 Ralph Cole 2nd Baronet (age 74) died. He was buried at St Brandon's Church, Brancepeth. His grandson Nicholas (age 19) succeeded 3rd Baronet Cole of Brancepeth.
On 9th August 1704 Richard Bulkeley 3rd Viscount Bulkeley died. His son Richard succeeded 4th Viscount Bulkeley of Cashel in Tipperary. Bridget Bertie Viscountess Bulkeley (age 22) by marriage Viscountess Bulkeley of Cashel in Tipperary.
On 9th August 1716 Elizabeth Mordaunt Baroness Howard died.
On 9th August 1719 Charles Middleton 2nd Earl Middleton (age 69) died. He was buried at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Yvelines.
Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke
Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.
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On 9th August 1726 Henrietta Somerset Duchess Grafton (age 35) died.
On 9th August 1744 James Brydges 1st Duke Chandos (age 71) died at Cannons House Little Stanmore. He was buried at Chandos Mausoleum Church of St Lawrence Whitchurch Lane Little Stanmore. His son Henry (age 36) succeeded 2nd Duke Chandos, 2nd Marquess Carnarvon, 2nd Earl Carnarvon, 2nd Viscount Wilton, 10th Baron Chandos of Sudeley, 5th Baronet Brydges of Wilton in Herefordshire.
On 9th August 1761 Archbishop George Gilbert (age 67) died in Twickenham, Richmond.
On 9th August 1804 George Hay 7th Marquess Tweedale (age 51) died in Verdun. His son George (age 17) succeeded 8th Marquess Tweeddale, 9th Earl Tweeddale. Susan Montagu Marchioness Tweddale (age 3) by marriage Marchioness Teviotdale.
On 9th August 1805 Caroline Elizabeth Letitia Clements Viscountess Sydney (age 40) died.
On 9th August 1808 William Ullithorne Wray 14th Baronet (age 87) died. His son William (age 37) succeeded 15th Baronet Wray of Glentworth in Lincolnshire.
On 9th August 1821 Sarah Delaval Countess Mexborough (age 79) died.
On 9th August 1823 Richard Wingfield 5th Viscount Powerscourt (age 32) died. His son Richard (age 8) succeeded 6th Viscount Powerscourt.
On 9th August 1823 Charles Cornwallis 2nd Marquess Cornwallis (age 48) died. Marquess Cornwallis extinct. His uncle James (age 80) succeeded 4th Earl Cornwallis, 8th Baron Cornwallis.
On 9th August 1833 Mary East Lady Clayton (age 67) died.
Annals of the six Kings of England by Nicholas Trivet
Translation of the Annals of the Six Kings of England by that traces the rise and rule of the Angevin aka Plantagenet dynasty from the mid-12th to early 14th century. Written by the Dominican scholar Nicholas Trivet, the work offers a vivid account of English history from the reign of King Stephen through to the death of King Edward I, blending political narrative with moral reflection. Covering the reigns of six monarchs—from Stephen to Edward I—the chronicle explores royal authority, rebellion, war, and the shifting balance between crown, church, and nobility. Trivet provides detailed insight into defining moments such as baronial conflicts, Anglo-French rivalry, and the consolidation of royal power under Edward I, whose reign he describes with particular immediacy. The Annals combines careful year-by-year reporting with thoughtful interpretation, presenting history not merely as a sequence of events but as a moral and political lesson. Ideal for readers interested in medieval history, kingship, and the origins of the English state, this chronicle remains a valuable and accessible window into the turbulent world of the Plantagenet kings.
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On 9th August 1847 John Delves Broughton 7th Baronet (age 78) died without issue. His brother Henry (age 70) succeeded 8th Baronet Broughton of Broughton in Staffordshire. Mary Pigott Lady Broughton (age 59) by marriage Lady Broughton of Broughton in Staffordshire.
On 9th August 1871 Elizabeth Lavinia Newman Countess Poulett died. Six weeks later he married his second wife Emma Sophia Johnson Countess Poulett.
On 9th August 1887 Edward Fellowes 1st Baron de Ramsey of Ramsey Abbey (age 78) died. His son William (age 39) succeeded 2nd Baron Ramsey of Ramsey Abbey in Huntingdonshire.
On 9th August 1910 William Neville Abdy 2nd Baronet (age 66) died. His brother Anthony (age 61) succeeded 3rd Baronet Abdy of Albyns in Essex.
On 9th August 1912 Joseph Cockfield Dimsdale 1st Baronet (age 63) died. His son John (age 38) succeeded 2nd Baronet Dimsdale of Goldsmiths, Langdon Hills in Essex.
On 9th August 1916 Victoria Noel Lady Buxton (age 77) died at North Lodge.
On 9th August 1918 Richard George Glyn 3rd Baronet (age 86) died. His son Richard (age 43) succeeded 4th Baronet Glyn of Gaunts in Dorset.
On 9th August 1938 Walter Strickland 9th Baronet (age 87) died. His first cousin once removed Henry (age 37) succeeded 10th Baronet Strickland-Constable of Boynton in Yorkshire.
On 9th August 1974 Frederick John Wilcoxson (age 86) died.
On 9th August 1998 George Child-Villiers 9th Earl of Jersey (age 88) died. His grandson William (age 22) succeeded 10th Earl Jersey, 13th Viscount Grandison, 10th Viscount Villiers, 10th Baron Villiers.
On 9th August 2016 Gerald Cavendish Grosvenor 6th Duke Westminster (age 64) died. His son Hugh (age 25) succeeded 7th Duke Westminster, 9th Marquess Westminster, 10th Earl Grosvenor, 16th Baronet Grosvenor of Eaton in Cheshire.