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On this Day in History ... 18th April

18 Apr is in April.

14th April 1471 Battle of Barnet

1522 Disappearance of the Princes in the Tower

18 Apr 1540 Thomas Cromwell created Earl of Essex and Great Chamberlain

1668 Great Barbados Fire

1693 Battle of Aughrim

See Births, Marriages and Deaths.

Events on the 18th April

On 18th April 796 Æthelred I of Northumbria (age 34) died.

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Ethelred (age 34), king of the Northumbrians, was slain by his own people, on the thirteenth day before the calends of May; in consequence of which, Bishops Ceolwulf and Eadbald retired from the land. Everth took to the government of Mercia, and died the same year. Eadbert, whose other name was Pryn, obtained the kingdom of Kent; and Alderman Ethelherd died on the calends of August. In the meantime, the heathen armies spread devastation among the Northumbrians, and plundered the monastery of King Everth at the mouth of the Wear. There, however, some of their leaders were slain; and some of their ships also were shattered to pieces by the violence of the weather; many of the crew were drowned; and some, who escaped alive to the shore, were soon dispatched at the mouth of the river.

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 1061. This year went Bishop Aldred to Rome after his pall; which he received at the hands of Pope Nicholas. Earl Tosty (age 35) and his wife (age 28) also went to Rome; and the bishop and the earl met with great difficulty as they returned home. In the same year died Bishop Godwin at St. Martin's85, on the seventh before the ides of March; and in the self-same year died Wulfric, Abbot of St. Augustine's, in the Easterweek, on the fourteenth before the calends of May. Pope Nicholas also died; and Alexander was chosen pope, who was Bishop of Lucca. When word came to the king that the Abbot Wulfric was dead, then chose he Ethelsy, a monk of the old minster, to succeed; who followed Archbishop Stigand, and was consecrated abbot at Windsor on St. Augustine's mass-day.

Note 85. Lye interprets it erroneously the "festival" of St. Martin.-"ad S. Martini festum:" whereas the expression relates to the place, not to the time of his death, which is mentioned immediately afterwards.

Archaeologia Volume 35 1853 XXXIII. On the 18th [Apr 1358], also in London, the Countess of Pembroke (age 41), the Earl of Ponthieu (age 39) (another of the captives of Poitiers), and the Maréchal D'Audenham came to dinner— "et plures comites et barones post prandium.1".

Note 1. "and several counts and barons after dinner"

Paston Letters Volume 5 782. 18th April 1471. 774. Sir John Paston (age 29) to Margaret Paston.

To my Moodre

Moodre, I recomande me to yow, letyng yow wette that, blyssed be God, my brother John (age 27) is a lyffe and farethe well, and in no perell off dethe. Never the lesse he is hurt with an arow on hys ryght arme, be nethe the elbow; and I have sent hym a serjon, whyche hathe dressid hym, and he tellythe me that he trustythe that he schall be all holl with in ryght schort tyme. It is so that John Mylsent is ded, God have mercy on hys sowle! and Wylliam Mylsent is on lyffe, and hys other servants all be askepyd by all lyklihod. Item, as ffor me, I ame in good case, blyssyd be God; and in no joparte off my lyffe, as me lyst my self; for I am at my lyberte iff nede bee.

Item, my Lorde Archebysshop (age 39) is in the Towr; neverthelesse I trust to God that he schall do well i noghe; he hathe a saffe garde for hym and me bothe. Neverthelesse we have ben troblyd syns, but nowe I undrestande that he hathe a pardon; and so we hope well.

Ther was kyllyd uppon the ffelde, halffe a myle ffrom Bernett, on Esterne Daye, the Erle of Warwyk (deceased), the Marqweys Montacu (deceased), Sir William Terrell, Sir Lewes Johns, and dyverse other Esquiers off owr contre, Godmerston and Bothe.

And on the Kynge Edwardes partye, the Lord Cromwell (deceased), the Lord Saye (deceased), Sir Omffrey Bowghsher off owr contre, whyche is a sore moonyd man her, and other peple off bothe part yes to the nomøre off mor then a Ml [1,000].

As for other tythynges, is undrestande her that the Qwyen Margrett is verrely londyd and hyr sone in the west contre, and I trow that as to morow, or ellys the next daye, the Kynge Edwarde wyll depart ffrom hense to hyr warde, to dryve her owt ageyn.

Item, I beseche yow that I may be recomendyd to my cosyn Lomner, and to thanke hym for hys goode wyll to me wardes, iff I had hadde nede, as I undrestoode by the berer heroff; and I beseche you on my behalve to advyse hym to be well ware off hys delyng or langage as yit, ffor the worlde, I ensur yow, is ryght qwesye, as ye schall know with in thys monthe; the peple heer feerythe it soor.

God hathe schewyd Hym selffe marvelouslye lyke Hym that made all, and can undoo ageyn whan Hym lyst; and I kan thynke that by all lyklyod schall schewe Hym sylff as mervylous ageyn, and that in schort tyme; and, as I suppose, offter than onys in casis lyke.

Item, it is soo that my brother is on purveyed off monye. I have holpyn hym to my power and above. Wherffor as it pleasythe yow remembre hym, Wherffor kan not purveye ffor my selffe in the same case.

Wretyn at London the thorysdaye in Esterne weke. I hope hastely to see yow.

All thys bylle most be secrett. Be ye not adoghtyd off the worlde, ffor I trust all schall be wen. Iff it thusse contenewe, I ame not all undon, nor noon off us; and iff otherwyse, then, &c. &c.

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Patent Rolls. 18th April 1477. Grant to Robert, Bishop of Bath and Wells (age 57), John, Bishop of Rochester, Westminster, and Thomas Vaghan (age 67), knight, chamberlain of the king's firstborn son Edward (age 6), prince of Wales, and their assigns, of the disposition of the deanery of the king's free chapel of St. Stephen within the palace of Westminster at its next voidance.

On 18th April 1503 King Henry II of Navarre was born to Jean III King Navarre (age 34) and Catherine Grailly I Queen Navarre (age 35).

Testamenta Vetusta Volume 2. Margaret Lady Capell.

Dame Margaret Capells, widow of Sir William Capell.

To my son Sir Giles Capell (age 42) King Edward the Fifth chain, with remainder to Henry: and Edward Capell respectively, remainder to my daughter Elizabeth Paulet and her heirs. Proved 18th April 1522.

On 18th April 1540 Thomas Cromwell (age 55) was created 1st Earl Essex and appointed Lord Great Chamberlain.

Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic Henry VIII 1540. 18 April [1540]. 541. Cromwell, Earl of Essex (age 55). Hart. MS. 6,074, f. 57b. B. M. Account of the creation of Thos. lord Cromwell, as earl of Essex, at Westminster, 18 April 31 Hen. VIII., the patent of creation being read by Secretary Wriothesley. Immediately afterwards a patent sealed with yellow wax was presented by lord Sandes (age 70), Chamberlain, and read by Secretary Sadler (age 33), by which he was created High Chamberlain of England. The King then went to the Queen's chamber to dinner, and the dukes and earls to the Council chamber to dinner, when Mr. Garter proclaimed his style, viz., earl of Essex, Vice-gerent and High Chamberlain of England, Keeper of the Privy Seal, Chancellor of the Exchequer, and Justice of the Forests beyond Trent.

The officers of arms had of the King 5 mks. and of the said Earl 10l., and his gown, &c., to Garter. At the same time the two secretaries, Wriothesley and Sadler, were made knights; and paid their fees, 20s. apiece.

Parchment, pp. 2.

Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic Henry VIII 1540. Harl. MS. 158, f. 112. B. M. 2. Note that on Sunday, 18 April 31 Hen. VIII [1540], at Westminster Palace, lord Thos. Cromwell (age 55), lord Privy Seal and Vice-gerent, was created earl of Essex, and at the same time admitted High Chamberlain of England and the staff of the said office delivered to him by the King. P. 1.

Hall's Chronicle. 18th April 1540. The xviii. daie of April, at Westminster was Thomas lorde Cromewell (age 55), created Erle of Essex, and made greate Chamberlain of England, whiche ever the Erles of Oxenford had, whiche promocions he enjoyed short tyme, as after in the next yere maie appere.

Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic Henry VIII 1540. 18 April [1540]. 540. Cromwell (age 55). Appointed Great Chamberlain. See Grants in April 31 Hen. VIII., No. 38.

Holinshed's Chronicle. The eighteenth of Aprill [1540] at Westminster was Thomas lord Cromwell (age 55) created earle of Essex, and ordeined great chamberleine of England, which office the earles of Oxford were woont euer to enioie; also Gregorie his sonne was made lord Cromwell. The foure and twentith of Aprill, Thomas lord Audleie, & chancellor of England, with sir Anthonie Browne, maister of the kings horsses, were made knights of the night honourable order of the garter. On Maie daie, was a great triumph of iusting at Westminster, which iusts had beene proclaimed in France, Flanders, Scotland, and Spaine, for all commers that would, against the challengers of England; which were, sir Iohn Dudleie, sir Thomas Seimer, sir Thomas Poinings, sir George Carew knights, Anthonie Kingston, and Richard Cromwell esquiers, which said challengers came into the lists that daie richlie apparelled, and their horsses trapped all in white veluet, with certeine knights and gentlemen riding afore them, apparelled all in white veluet, and white sarsenet, and all their seruants in white dublets, and hozen cut after the Burgonion fashion: and there came to iust against them the said daie, of defendants fortie six, the earle of Surrie being the formost, lord William Howard, lord Clinton, and lord Cromwell, sonne and heire to Thomas Cromwell earle of Essex, and chamberleine of England, with other, which were richlie apparelled.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 18th April 1563. The sam day at after-none was cristenyd my lord mayre's (age 54) son; the godfathers wher, on [one] the yerle of Penbroke (age 62), and (unfinished)

Diary of Anne Clifford. 18th April 1616. Upon the 18th Baskett came hither and brought me a letter from my Lord (age 27) to let me know this was the last time of asking me whether I would set my hand to this award of the Judges.

Diary of Anne Clifford. 18th April 1619. Sunday the 18th I went to Warwick House to see my young Lady of Warwick (age 29) where I met my Lord of Warwick (age 31), Mr Charles Rich, Mr Nathaniel Rich, Lady Harriet Rich. After all the company were gone to Sermon my Lord (age 30) came in thither. This day I put on my black mourning attire and went to my Sister Beauchamp where I spake with Mrs Bathurst and told her I did both forget and forgive anything she had done against me and that I had spoken to Lady Warwick in her behalf.

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The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall describes the reigns of Kings Henry II, Richard I, John and Henry III, providing a wealth of information about their lives and the events of the time. Ralph's work is detailed, comprehensive and objective. We have augmented Ralph's text with extracts from other contemporary chroniclers to enrich the reader's experience. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

On 18th April 1621 Bridget Chaworth (age 79) died. Monument in St Andrew's Church, Ufford [Map]. Marble with Corinthian Columns and reclining effigy. Stuart Hooded Monument.

The inscription reads "Dame Bridget, Lady Carr, widow, daughter of Sir John Chaworth of Wiverton, Nottingham, late wife to Sir William Carr of Old Sleaford in the county of Lincoln, who served the late Queen Elizabeth of most famous memory, being one of the gentlewomen of her Majesty's Privy Chamber for the space of five and twenty years, and afterwards served the most renowned Queen Anne, wife to our most gracious sovereign, King James, for the space of 14 years, being the residue of her life, and died the 18th day of April being of the age of 79 years, the which said Lady Carr, out of her love to her dear sister Katherine, the wife of George Quarles of this town of Ufford, esquire, hath caused her body to be here interred 1621".

Katherine Chaworth: Before 1621 George Quarles of Ufford and she were married.

George Quarles of Ufford: he was born to Francis Quarles of Ufford.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 18th April 1660. This morning very early came Mr. Edward Montagu (age 25) on board, but what was the business of his coming again or before without any servant and making no stay at all I cannot guess. This day Sir R. Stayner (age 35), Mr. Sheply, and as many of my Lord's people as could be spared went to Dover to get things ready against to-morrow for the election there. I all the afternoon dictating in my cabin (my own head being troubled with multiplicity of business) to Burr, who wrote for me above a dozen letters, by which I have made my mind more light and clear than I have had it yet since I came on board. At night sent a packet to London, and Mr. Cook returned hence bringing me this news, that the Sectaries do talk high what they will do, but I believe all to no purpose, but the Cavaliers are something unwise to talk so high on the other side as they do. That the Lords do meet every day at my Lord of Manchester's (age 58), and resolve to sit the first day of the Parliament. That it is evident now that the General and the Council do resolve to make way for the King's coming. And it is now clear that either the Fanatiques must now be undone, or the gentry and citizens throughout England, and clergy must fall, in spite of their militia and army, which is not at all possible I think. At night I supped with W. Howe and Mr. Luellin (being the first time that I had been so long with him) in the great cabin below. After that to bed, and W. Howe sat by my bedside, and he and I sang a psalm or two and so I to sleep.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 18th April 1665. At noon with my wife and Mr. Moore by water to Chelsey about my Privy Seale (age 59) for Tangier, but my Lord Privy Seale was gone abroad, and so we, without going out of the boat, forced to return, and found him not at White Hall. So I to Sir Philip Warwicke (age 55) and with him to my Lord Treasurer (age 58), who signed my commission for Tangier-Treasurer and the docquet of my Privy Seale, for the monies to be paid to me.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 18th April 1666. [Up] and by coach with Sir W. Batten (age 65) and Sir Thos. Allen (age 54) to White Hall, and there after attending the Duke (age 32) as usual and there concluding of many things preparatory to the Prince (age 46) and Generall's going to sea on Monday next, Sir W. Batten and Sir T. Allen and I to Mr. Lilly's (age 47), the painter's; and there saw the heads, some finished, and all begun, of the Flaggmen in the late great fight with the Duke of Yorke against the Dutch. The Duke of Yorke hath them done to hang in his chamber, and very finely they are done indeed. Here is the Prince's, Sir G. Askue's (age 50), Sir Thomas Teddiman's, Sir Christopher Mings (age 40), Sir Joseph Jordan, Sir William Barkeley (age 27), Sir Thomas Allen (age 33), and Captain Harman's (age 41), as also the Duke of Albemarle's (age 57); and will be my Lord Sandwich's (age 40), Sir W. Pen's (age 44), and Sir Jeremy Smith's. Being very well satisfied with this sight, and other good pictures hanging in the house, we parted, and I left them, and [to] pass away a little time went to the printed picture seller's in the way thence to the Exchange [Map], and there did see great plenty of fine prints; but did not buy any, only a print of an old pillar in Rome made for a Navall Triumph1, which for the antiquity of the shape of ships, I buy and keepe.

Note 1. The columna rostrata erected in the Forum to C. Duilius, who obtained a triumph for the first naval victory over the Carthaginians, B.C. 261. Part of the column was discovered in the ruins of the Forum near the Arch of Septimius, and transferred to the Capitol. B.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 18th April 1666. There left her 'sans essayer alcune cose con elle1', and so away by boat to the 'Change [Map], and took coach and to Mr. Hales (age 66), where he would have persuaded me to have had the landskipp stand in my picture, but I like it not and will have it otherwise, which I perceive he do not like so well, however is so civil as to say it shall be altered.

Note 1. 'sans essayer alcune cose con elle'. Without trying to do anything with her.

John Evelyn's Diary. 18th April 1667. I went to make court to the Duke (age 74) and Duchess (age 44) of Newcastle, at their house in Clerkenwell, being newly come out of the north. They received me with great kindness, and I was much pleased with the extraordinary fanciful habit, garb, and discourse of the Duchess.

On 18th April 1668 a great fire in Bridgetown, Barbados destroyed eight hundred building in the town.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 18th April 1669. Lord's Day. Up, and all the morning till 2 o'clock at my Office, with Gibson and Tom, about drawing up fair my discourse of the Administration of the Navy, and then, Mr. Spong being come to dine with me, I in to dinner, and then out to my Office again, to examine the fair draught; and so borrowing Sir J. Minnes's (age 70) coach, he going with Colonel Middleton, I to White Hall, where we all met and did sign it and then to my Lord Arlington's (age 51), where the King (age 38), and the Duke of York (age 35), and Prince Rupert (age 49), as also Ormond and the two Secretaries, with my Lord Ashly (age 47) and Sir T. Clifton (age 38) was. And there, by and by, being called in, Mr. Williamson (age 35) did read over our paper, which was in a letter to the Duke of York, bound up in a book with the Duke of York's Book of Instructions. He read it well; and, after read, we were bid to withdraw, nothing being at all said to it. And by and by we were called in again, and nothing said to that business; but another begun, about the state of this year's action, and our wants of money, as I had stated the same lately to our Treasurers; which I was bid, and did largely, and with great content, open. And having so done, we all withdrew, and left them to debate our supply of money; to which, being called in, and referred to attend on the Lords of the Treasury, we all departed. And I only staid in the House till the Council rose; and then to the Duke of York, who in the Duchess's chamber come to me, and told me that the book was there left with my Lord Arlington, for any of the Lords to view that had a mind, and to prepare and present to the King what they had to say in writing, to any part of it, which is all we can desire, and so that rested. The Duke of York then went to other talk; and by and by comes the Prince of Tuscany (age 26) to visit him, and the Duchess (age 32); and I find that he do still remain incognito, and so intends to do all the time he stays here, for avoiding trouble to the King and himself, and expence also to both.

John Evelyn's Diary. 18th April 1680. We spent our time in the mornings in walking, or riding, and contriving [alterations], and the afternoons in the library, so as I passed my time for three or four days with much satisfaction. He was pleased in conversation to impart to me divers particulars of state, relating to the present times. He being no great friend to the D-- [Note. Probably Barbara Villiers 1st Duchess of Cleveland (age 39)] was now laid aside, his integrity and abilities being not so suitable in this conjuncture. 21st. I returned to London.

John Evelyn's Diary. 18th April 1680. On the earnest invitation of the Earl of Essex (age 48), I went with him to his house at Cashiobury, in Hertfordshire. It was on Sunday, but going early from his house in the square of St. James, we arrived by ten o'clock; this he thought too late to go to church, and we had prayers in his chapel. The house is new, a plain fabric, built by my friend, Mr. Hugh May (age 58). There are divers fair and good rooms, and excellent carving by Gibbons, especially the chimney-piece of the library. There is in the porch, or entrance, a painting by Verrio, of Apollo and the Liberal Arts. One room pargeted with yew, which I liked well. Some of the chimney mantels are of Irish marble, brought by my Lord from Ireland, when he was Lord-Lieutenant, and not much inferior to Italian. The tympanum, or gable, at the front is a bass-relievo of Diana hunting, cut in Portland stone, handsomely enough. I do not approve of the middle doors being round: but, when the hall is finished as designed, it being an oval with a cupola, together with the other wing, it will be a very noble palace. The library is large, and very nobly furnished, and all the books are richly bound and gilded; but there are no MSS., except the Parliament Rolls and Journals, the transcribing and binding of which cost him, as he assured me, £500.

John Evelyn's Diary. 18th April 1680. As for my Lord, he is a sober, wise, judicious, and pondering person, not illiterate beyond the rate of most noblemen in this age, very well versed in English history and affairs, industrious, frugal, methodical, and every way accomplished. His Lady (age 44) (being sister of the late Earl of Northumberland) is a wise, yet somewhat melancholy woman, setting her heart too much on the little lady, her daughter (age 6), of whom she is over fond. They have a hopeful son (age 9) at the Academy.

Calendar of the State Papers of William and Mary 1693 April. 18th April 1693. Whitehall. Proceedings upon the petition of Helen, Viscountess Kenmare. Shows that upon settlements made by her father and mother, she had, before the wars in Ireland, several lands and tenements in counties Kerry, Cork, and Limerick, to the value of 1,400l. per ann.; that likewise upon her marriage with Nicholas Browne (age 33), esq., now Viscount Kenmare, a jointure was settled and secured to her of 500l. per annum out of the said Lord Kenmare's estate; and that both her husband's and her own estate are seized upon the attainder of her said husband, who was made prisoner of war at Aughrim and afterwards discharged upon the Articles of Limerick. The petitioner prays for a reasonable maintenance out of her own and her husband's estate for the support of herself and her children. Referred to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. [Ibid., p. 473.]

On 18th April 1745 Francis Scott 2nd Duke Buccleuch (age 50) was awarded Doctor of Civil Law at Oxford University.

Salisbury Cathedral [Map]. On 18th April 1756 James Everard Arundell died. Monument to James Everard Arundell died aged one month.

James Everard Arundell: In March 1756 he was born to James Everard Arundell and Ann Wyndham.

After 18th April 1765. Church of St Andrew, Wickmere [Map]. Memorial to Henry Spelman (age 46).

Henry Spelman: Around 1719 he was born to William Spelman. Something of a guess. Henry is buried in Wickmere suggesting he is descended from Henry Spelman of Wickmere whose heir William Spelman we guess was this Henry's father. On 18th April 1765 Henry Spelman died in Calcutta, India whilst working for the East India Company. His remains were brought to England by Peter Downes. He was buried in Church of St Andrew, Wickmere [Map].

After 18th April 1790. St Giles' Church, Wrexham [Map]. Monument to Evan Morris.

Evan Morris: On 24th August 1889 Evan Morris was knighted by Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom on her visit to Wrexham. On 18th April 1890 he died.

After 18th April 1817. Monument to Catherine Maria Whalley nee Packe at Church of St Mary Magdalene, Ecton [Map] sculpted by John Charles Felix Rossi (age 55).

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The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

On 18th April 1965 Winifred Contance Hester Paget (age 83) died. Memoral at St Mary the Virgin Church, Ingestre [Map].

Time Team Series 1 Episode 1: The Guerrilla Base of the King was filmed between 16th April 1993 and 18th April 1993. It was originally shown on 16th January 1994.

Location: Athelney Abbey [Map].

Category: Time Team Early Medieval.

Time Team:

Tony Robinson (age 47), Presenter

Mick Aston (age 47), Bristol University Landscape Archaeologist

Gerry Barber, Bristol University Environmental Archaeologist

Phil Harding (age 43), Wessex Archaeological Trust Field Archaeologist

Carenza Lewis (age 30), Royal Commission on Historic Monuments

Robin Bush (age 50), Archivist

Victor Ambrus (age 58), Historical Illustrator

John Gator, Chris Gaffney, Geophysics

Gerry McDonnell, Archeaological Scientist.

Base: George Hotel [Map] in Wedmore.

Techniques: Field Walking, Excavations, Magnetometry, Resistivity, Soil Coring

Sources: Life of Alfred by Asser, Assers Life of Alfred 878.

Historical Figures: King Alfred "The Great" of Wessex, Guthrum Viking.

Events: Battle of Edington.

Outcomes: Plan of Athelney Abbey [Map], possible site of original Saxon church, Anglo-Saxon iron slag indicating iron working; the furthest west found at the time.

Channel 4 Episode

Births on the 18th April

On 18th April 1446 Ippolita Maria Sforza was born to Francesco Sforza I Duke Milan (age 44) and Bianca Maria Visconti (age 21).

On 18th April 1503 King Henry II of Navarre was born to Jean III King Navarre (age 34) and Catherine Grailly I Queen Navarre (age 35).

On 18th April 1587 Charles Morrison 1st Baronet was born to Charles Morrison (age 38) and Dorothea Clerke.

On 18th April 1613 Philip Wharton 4th Baron Wharton was born to Thomas Wharton (age 25) and Philadelphia Carey.

On 18th April 1650 Edward Dering 3rd Baronet was born to Edward Dering 2nd Baronet (age 24) and Mary Harvey Lady Dering (age 20).

On 18th April 1674 Charles Townshend 2nd Viscount Townsend was born to Horatio Townshend 1st Viscount Townsend (age 43) and Mary Ashe Viscountess Townshend (age 22).

On 18th April 1676 Thomas Twysden 4th Baronet was born to William Twysden 3rd Baronet (age 40).

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The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

On 18th April 1708 James Cholmondeley was born to George Cholmondeley 2nd Earl Cholmondeley (age 42) and Elisabeth van Ruytenburgh Baroness Newborough and Newburgh (age 28).

On 18th April 1728 William Tyler was born.

On 18th April 1731 Alexander Duff 3rd Earl Fife was born to William Duff 1st Earl Fife (age 34).

On 18th April 1740 Francis Baring 1st Baronet was born to John Baring (age 43) at Larkbeare House Exeter, Devon.

On 18th April 1742 Philip Wenman 7th Viscount Wenman was born to Philip Wenman 6th Viscount Wenman (age 22) and Sophia Herbert (age 25).

On 18th April 1752 Thomas Dyke Acland 9th Baronet was born to John Dyke Acland 7th Baronet (age 29) and Elizabeth Dyke Lady Acland.

On 18th April 1754 Lewis Watson 2nd Baron Sondes was born to Lewis Watson 1st Baron Sondes (age 25) and Grace Pelham Baroness Sondes (age 19).

On 18th April 1756 Richard Borough 1st Baronet was born.

On 18th April 1778 Matthew White Ridley 3rd Baronet was born to Matthew White Ridley 2nd Baronet (age 32).

On 18th April 1778 Mary Nisbet Countess Elgin was born to William Hamilton Nisbet (age 31) and Mary Manners (age 22).

On 18th April 1779 Charles Loraine 5th Baronet was born to William Loraine 4th Baronet (age 29) and Hannah Allgood Lady Loraine (age 26).

On 18th April 1783 Reverend Henry Pepys was born to William Weller Pepys 1st Baronet (age 43).

On 18th April 1786 Peter Parker 2nd Baronet was born to Vice-Admiral Christopher Parker (age 24) and Augusta Barbara Charlotte Byron (age 24).

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The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall describes the reigns of Kings Henry II, Richard I, John and Henry III, providing a wealth of information about their lives and the events of the time. Ralph's work is detailed, comprehensive and objective. We have augmented Ralph's text with extracts from other contemporary chroniclers to enrich the reader's experience. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

On 18th April 1810 Thomas Henry Nightingale was born to Charles Ethelston Nightingale 11th Baronet (age 25) and Maria Dickonson Lady Nightingale (age 21) Coefficient of inbreeding 4.88%.

On 18th April 1813 Horatio Walpole 4th Earl Orford was born to Horatio Walpole 3rd Earl Orford (age 29) and Mary Fawkener Countess Orford (age 25).

On 18th April 1831 Marcia Susan Cholmondeley was born to William Cholmondeley 3rd Marquess Cholmondeley (age 31) and Marcia Emma Georgiana Arbuthnot Marchioness Cholmondeley (age 27).

On 18th April 1860 Robert Grimston was born to James Walter Grimston 2nd Earl Verulam (age 51) and Elizabeth Joanna Weyland Countess Verulam (age 35).

On 18th April 1861 Blanche Felicia Curzon was born to Alfred Nathaniel Holden Curzon 4th Baron Scarsdale (age 29) and Blanche Pocklington Senhouse Baroness Scarsdale (age 23).

On 18th April 1871 Godfrey Baring 1st Baronet was born to Charles Baring (age 41).

On 18th April 1874 Hugh Christopher Whichcote 10th Baronet was born to George Whichcote 8th Baronet (age 56) and Louisa Clagett.

On 18th April 1882 Harold Pearson 2nd Viscount Cowdray was born to Weetman Dickinson Pearson 1st Viscount Cowdray (age 25) and Annie Cass Viscountess Cowdray (age 21).

On 18th April 1882 Philip Kerr 11th Marquess Lothian was born to Ralph Drury Kerr (age 44) and Anne Fitzalan (age 25).

On 18th April 1891 Dorothy Charlotte Forster Baroness Wardington was born to Henry Forster 1st Baron Forster (age 25) and Rachel Douglas-Scott-Montagu.

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The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

On 18th April 1917 Frederica Hanover Queen Consort Greece was born to Ernest Augustus Hanover Duke Brunswick (age 29) and Viktoria Luise Hohenzollern Duchess Brunswick (age 24). She a great x 2 granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

On 18th April 1944 Amanda Carmen Heywood-Lonsdale Duchess of Devonshire was born to Commander Edward Gavin Heywood-Lonsdale and June Grace Shakespeare.

On 18th April 1971 Samantha Gwendoline Sheffield was born to Reginald Adrian Berkeley Sheffield 8th Baronet (age 25) and Annabel Jones Viscountess Astor (age 22).

Marriages on the 18th April

On 18th April 1627 Montagu Bertie 2nd Earl Lindsey (age 19) and Martha Cockayne Countess Holderness (age 22) were married. She the daughter of William Cockayne and Mary Morris Countess Dover (age 62). He the son of Robert Bertie 1st Earl Lindsey (age 44) and Elizabeth Montagu Countess Lindsey.

On 18th April 1732 Charles Cockayne 5th Viscount Cullen (age 21) and Ann Warren Viscountess Cullen were married. She by marriage Viscountess Cullen.

On 18th April 1736 James Brydges 1st Duke Chandos (age 63) and Lydia Catherine Van Hatten Duchess Chandos were married. She by marriage Duchess Chandos.

On 18th April 1785 George Hay 7th Marquess Tweedale (age 32) and Hannah Maitland Marchioness Teviotdale (age 35) were married. She the daughter of John Maitland 7th Earl Lauderdale (age 67) and Mary Turner Lombe Countess Launderdale. They were fourth cousins.

On 18th April 1816 George Thicknesse-Touchet 20th Baron Audley 17th Baron Tuchet (age 33) and Anne-Jane Donnelly Baroness Audley were married.

On 18th April 1828 Henry Peyton 3rd Baronet (age 23) and Georgina Elizabeth Bethell-Codrington Lady Peyton (age 29) were married.

On 18th April 1867 Nathan Meyer 1st Baron Rothschild (age 26) and Emma Louise von Rothschild Baroness Rothschild (age 23) were married. They were half first cousins.

On 18th April 1882 Lancelot Aubrey-Fletcher 5th Baronet (age 36) and Emily Harriet Wade Lady Fletcher were married at St Anne's Church, Soho [Map].

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The Deeds of King Henry V, or in Latin Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.

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On 18th April 1893 William Craven 4th Earl Craven (age 24) and Cornelia Martin Countess Craven (age 21) were married at Grace Church Manhattan. She an heiress bringing an allowance of $75000 per year and property in Mayfair. He the son of George Grimston Craven 3rd Earl Craven.

On 18th April 1895 William Grey 9th Earl Stamford 5th Earl Warrington (age 45) and Penelope Theobald Countess Stamford and Warrington were married in London She by marriage Countess Stamford, Countess Warrington.

On 18th April 1903 Montagu Aubrey Rowley Cholmeley 4th Baronet (age 26) and Mabel Janetta Waldo-Sibthorp Lady Cholmeley (age 25) were married.

On 18th April 1904 William Cooper 4th Baronet (age 26) and Lettice Margaret Long (age 18) were married.

On 18th April 1940 Captain Heneage Michael Charles Finch 9th Earl of Aylesford (age 31) and Pamela Elizabeth Coventry Countess of Aylesford (age 38) were married. He was killed in action six weeks later.

Deaths on the 18th April

On 18th April 796 Æthelred I of Northumbria (age 34) died.

On 18th April 963 Reginar Ardennes Count Ardennes died.

On 18th April 1331 Ralph Neville 1st Baron Neville of Raby (age 68) died at Raby Castle, County Durham [Map]. His son Ralph (age 40) succeeded 2nd Baron Neville Raby.

On 18th April 1607 Rosamund Freschville Baroness Darcy (age 30) died.

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The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough, a canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: "In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed." Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

On 18th April 1629 Catherine Ogle 8th Baroness Ogle (age 59) died at Bothal, Northumberland [Map]. Her son William (age 36) succeeded 9th Baron Ogle.

On 18th April 1650 Simonds D'Ewes 1st Baronet (age 47) died. His son Willoughby succeeded 2nd Baronet D'Ewes of Stowlangtoft Hall.

On 18th April 1653 Thomas Belasyse 1st Viscount Fauconberg (age 76) died. His grandson Thomas (age 26) succeeded 2nd Viscount Faunconberg, 3rd Baronet Belasyse of Newborough.

On 18th April 1689 George "Hanging Judge" Jeffreys 1st Baron Jeffreys (age 43) died. His son John (age 15) succeeded 2nd Baron Jeffreys.

On 18th April 1690 Charles V Duke of Lorraine (age 47) died. His son Leopold (age 10) succeeded Duke Lorraine.

On 18th April 1694 William Hamilton 1st Duke Hamilton (age 59) died. His son James (age 36) succeeded 4th Duke Hamilton. His son Charles (age 32) succeeded 2nd Earl Selkirk.

On 18th April 1702 Penelope O'Brien Countess Peterborough (age 80) died.

On 18th April 1712 William Tracy 4th Viscount Tracy (age 55) died. He was buried at Toddington, Gloucestershire. His son Charles (age 21) succeeded 5th Viscount Tracy of Rathcoole in Dublin.

On 18th April 1752 John Murray 2nd Earl Dunmore (age 66) died. His brother William (age 56) succeeded 3rd Earl Dunmore.

On 18th April 1773 John Berkeley 5th Baron Berkeley (age 75) died without issue at Bruton Abbey [Map]. Baron Berkeley of Stratton in Cornwall extinct.

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The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

On 18th April 1774 Charles Style 5th Baronet died. His son Charles succeeded 6th Baronet Style of Wateringbury in Kent.

On 18th April 1787 Robert Shirley 6th Earl Ferrers (age 63) died. His son Robert (age 30) succeeded 7th Earl Ferrers, 13th Baronet Shirley of Staunton Harold in Leicestershire. Elizabeth Prentiss Countess Ferrers by marriage Countess Ferrers.

On 18th April 1792 Bishop Christopher Wilson (age 78) died.

On 18th April 1828 John Trevelyan 4th Baronet (age 93) died. His son John (age 67) succeeded 5th Baronet Trevelyan of Nettlecombe.

On 18th April 1833 Harriet Scott Marchioness Lothian (age 52) died.

On 18th April 1834 Harriet Hale Baroness Dundas (age 64) died at 19 Arlington Street, Piccadilly.

On 18th April 1872 George Edward Thicknesse-Touchet 21st Baron Audley 18th Baron Tuchet (age 55) died. Baron Audley of Heighley in Staffordshire and Baron Tuchet abeyant between his two daughters Mary Thicknesse-Touchet 22nd Baroness Audley (age 13) and Emily Thicknesse-Touchet.

On 18th April 1891 Alfred Wilson Trevelyan 7th Baronet (age 59) died. His second cousin once removed Walter (age 25) succeeded 8th Baronet Trevelyan of Nettlecombe.

On 18th April 1893 Alfred Stourton 20th Baron Stourton 22nd Baron Segrave 21st Baron Mowbray (age 64) died. His son Charles (age 25) succeeded 21st Baron Stourton, 23rd Baron Segrave and 22nd Baron Mowbray.

On 18th April 1904 Henry Thompson 1st Baronet (age 83) died. His son Henry (age 45) succeeded 2nd Baronet Thompson of Wimpole Street in London.

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The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall describes the reigns of Kings Henry II, Richard I, John and Henry III, providing a wealth of information about their lives and the events of the time. Ralph's work is detailed, comprehensive and objective. We have augmented Ralph's text with extracts from other contemporary chroniclers to enrich the reader's experience. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

On 18th April 1939 Isabel Marjoribanks Marchioness of Aberdeen and Ternair (age 82) died.

On 18th April 2011 Jane McNeill Duchess of Buccleuch (age 81) died.

On 18th April 2016 John Leslie 4th Baronet (age 99) died unmarried. Baronet Leslie of Glaslough in County Monaghan Dormant. Shaun Leslie (age 68) is the de jure 5th Baronet although has yet to make a formal application to be included on the Official Roll.