The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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19 Feb is in February.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough. In the same year, around the feast of Pentecost, two cardinals came to England, sent from the side of the Lord Pope to the king of England, bearing papal letters written in these words:
"Boniface, bishop, servant of the servants of God, to his beloved son in Christ, Edward, illustrious King of England, greeting and apostolic blessing. What stirs our soul and mind, dearest son, is the sincere and affectionate love which, from long ago, when the burden of a lesser office was ours, we bore toward your royal person and your renowned kingdom, and which we continue to bear with unceasing benevolent devotion. Our constant desire is to lead your royal majesty, whose exaltation and glory we most earnestly long for, to those things by which, in the sight of the King Most High, by whom kings reign and princes rule, you may be found ever more acceptable, appear more pleasing, be held more dear, and that in the kingdom of this world, under the glorious title of royalty, abundant increase may be granted to you."
"Indeed, from the very beginning of our promotion, extending the focus of our mind to the general condition of the faithful, and considering with attentive care the serious, indeed, most serious, discord that has arisen between you and our dearly beloved son in Christ, Philip, the illustrious king of the French, who is closely related to you by blood, a discord provoked by the enemy of peace and instigator of evils, and utterly contrary to our wishes, we have, with firm and deliberate resolve, determined to send solemn envoys and letters to your royal presence concerning this matter, which lies most heavily upon our heart."
"But because of our departure from the city of Naples, where at the time the Roman Curia was residing, and our journey to the city of Rome, which was considerably delayed by the dangers and hazards of the roads, and also due to the solemnities of our consecration being celebrated there, we were hindered and unable to send the aforementioned envoys and letters sooner. In truth, dearest son, we are by no means forgetful, indeed, we hold it firmly in memory, that you have, even when we held a lesser office, loved us with sincere affection and treated us with abundant favour. Therefore, as we diligently reflect on how great and how grievous are the burdens caused by the aforementioned discord, how many and how serious are the dangers it brings with it, how harmful it is to the faithful, how severely it disrupts and hinders the cause of the Holy Land, and how greatly it is known to displease God, we are troubled as a father, wounded as a mother, and stirred more bitterly still in our innermost being as a lover. Nor can we find any sweetness in rest until this matter, which weighs so heavily on our heart, reaches its hoped-for and swift resolution. And so we are sending to you and to the said king of France our venerable brothers, Beraldus, Bishop of Albano, and Simon, Bishop of Palestrina, envoys of the Apostolic See, men truly of profound counsel, endowed with knowledge of letters, adorned with many virtues, and lovers of peace and concord, as angels of peace, though we must do without their company. We therefore earnestly ask, strongly urge, and beseech your royal highness in the Lord Jesus Christ: for the sake of divine reverence and the honour of the Apostolic See, receive these bishops, who are indeed great pillars of the Church and zealous guardians of your honour and reputation, as a true son of blessing and grace. Welcome them kindly, treat them with due respect, and show them fitting honour. Listen attentively to them, understand them carefully, and diligently strive to carry out whatever they or either of them may present to you regarding this matter."
"Thus may you conduct yourself in these matters devoutly and promptly, as we hope and desire, so that, once all obstacles of difficulty or refusal have been removed, the sincerity of your royal devotion may shine forth all the more clearly. May the renown of your reputation, already great and far-reaching, grow even more widely throughout the world, and may you more abundantly merit the favour of the Apostolic See, which overflows upon its devoted sons. Given at the Lateran, on the eleventh day before the Kalends of March [19th February 1296], in the first year of our pontificate."
Eodem anno circa festum Pentecostes venerunt in Angliam duo cardinales, missi a latere arrive in papæ ad regem Angliæ cum epistolis papalibus in hæc verba conceptis:
"Bonifacius episcopus, servus servorum Dei, Bull of Pope carissimo in Christo filio Edwardo, regi Angliæ favour of illustri, salutem et apostolicam benedictionem, the King of Movet animum mentemque sollicitat, fili carissime, sincera et affectuosa dilectio, quam ab olim, dum cura nobis officii minoris incumberet, ad personam regiam tuumque regnum inclitum gessimus, et continuatis benivolis studiis gerere non cessamus, ut celsitudinem regiam, cujus exaltationem et gloriam summis desideriis affectamus, ad ea inducamus sollicite per quæ in conspectu Regis Altissimi, per quem reges regnant et principes dominantur, de bono semper in melius reddaris acceptior, occurras gratior, carior habearis, ac in regno mundi claris nominis regii titulis copiosum proveniat increBull of Pope Boniface. mentum."
"Sane ab ipsis nostræ promotionis auspiciis ad generalem statum fidelium mentis aciem extendentes, et considerantes attentius gravem immo gravissimam et omnino contrariam votis nostris inter te et carissimum in Christo filium nostrum Philippum regem Francourum illustrem, proxima tibi consanguinitate conjunctum, procurante pacis æmulo incentore malorum, discordiam suscitatam, firma et stabili dispositione decrevimus, ut super hujusmodi negotio, cordi nostro potissime insidente, solennes ad præsentiam regiam nuncios et literas mitteremus."
"Sed propter nostrum de civitate Neapolitana discessum, ubi tunc Romana curia residebat, nostrumque accessum ad urbem, quem viarum periculosa discrimina non modicum retardarunt, ac etiam ob nostræ inibi celebrata consecrationis solennia impediti, nequivimus citius nuncios prædictos et literas destinare. Revera, fili, nequaquam sumus immemores, quin potius tenaci memoria retinemus, quod nos hactenus, dum essemus in minori officio constituti sinceris affectibus dilexisti, plenisque fuisti favoribus prosecutus. Ideoque dum solerter attendimus quantis et quam gravibus prædicta discordia noscitur onusta dispendiis, quot et quanta pericula secum trahit, quam dampnosa fidelibus redditur, quam graviter turbat et impedit negotium Terræ Sanctæ, quantumve propterea Deo displicere dinoscitur, anxiamur ut pater, sauciamur ut mater, in intimis turbamur amarius ut amator, nec possumus quietis refoveri dulcedine, Edward I donec prælibatum negotium optatum et celerem exitum, juxta nostri cordis desiderium, sortiatur. Cum itaque venerabiles fratres nostros, Beraldum Albanensem et Simonem Penestrinum episcopos, sedis apostolicæ nuncios, exhibitores præsentium, viros utique profundi consilii, viros? litterarum scientia præditos, ac diversarum virtutum titulis insignitos, necnon pacis et concordiæ amatores, ad te dictumque regem Franciæ, tanquam pacis angelos, licet eorum inviti careamus præsentia, destinemus. Excellentiam regiam rogamus et hortamur attentius, ac obsecramus in Domino Jesu Christo, quatinus ob divinam et apostolicæ sedis reverentiam, memoratos episcopos, magnas utique columnas ecclesiæ tuique honoris et famæ fervidos zelatores, tanquam filius benedictionis et gratiæ benigne recipiens, honeste prosequens, et honorificentia condigna pertractans, attente audias, diligenter intelligas, et efficaciter studeas adimplere quæ ipsi, et eorum quilibet, coram te super eodem negotio duxerint proponenda:"
"Sic te in hiis devote ac prompte, prout speramus et cupimus, habiturus, ut difficultatis et repulsæ cujuslibet procul obice profligato, regiæ devotionis sinceritas exinde clarius elucescat, tuæque famæ præconium, quamvis amplum et diffusum, in seculo propensius augeatur, ac sedis apostolicæ gratiam, quæ circa filios devotos exuberat, abundantius merearis. Datum Laterani, XI kalendas Martii, pontificatus nostri anno primo."
On 19th February 1350 King John "The Good" II of France (age 30) and Joan Auvergne Queen Consort France (age 23) were married. She by marriage Queen Consort of France. She the daughter of William Auvergne XII Count Auvergne II Count Boulogne and Margaret Évreux Countess Auvergne and Boulogne. He the son of King Philip "Fortunate" VI of France (age 56) and Joan "Lame" Burgundy Queen Consort France. They were half second cousins. He a great x 4 grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Henry III of England.
Archaeologia Volume 22 Section XVI. How the Duke sent for John Wiclyffe (age 49) to consult with hym, & how he was maide to come to his answeare.
[19th February 1377] In the meane tyme the duke ceased not (as yt ys sayed) with his felowes to imagyne how he myghte maike the churche subject, & by what meanes he myght submytt the realme unto hym, whereby he myght the frelier bring that to passe that he had long conceaved in hys mynde, for he saw that yt wolde be harde for hym to obteyne hys purpose, the churche standynge in her full state, & very daungerous to attempt publikely to doo those thynges that he had conceaved in hys mynde, the lawes & customes of London beynge in force; wherfor he labored fyrste to overthrow, as well the libertyes of the churche as of the citye, for the whiche he called unto hym a certain false devine, or as I may better name hym, a fyghter agaynste God, whoe, many yeares before, in all hys acts in the scholes had barked agaynste the churche, for that he was justly depryved by the Archbishopp of Canterburye from a certeyne benefyce that he uniustly was incumbent upon, within the cytye of Oxforde, & many new opynions he invented without any grounde but suche which vaynly occupied the eares of the hearers, & myght invite the simple people (desirous alwayes to heare new thyngs, as there manner ys) to hear hym. Thys felow was called John, but unworthely, for that he had caste away the grace that God had geaven hym, avertynge hym selffe from the trueth, which ys God, & convertynge unto fables. Amongst other thynges whiche he spake, not to be rehersed, he denyed the bishopp to have authorytye to excommunicate any man, & yf yt sholde be graunted that the bishopp colde excommunicate any person, then he affirmed that any prieste myght absolve such a one as well as the pope. He sayed further, that neither the kynge nor the seculer lorde coldegyve any thynge perpetually to any person of his churche. That (as he affirmed) in the tyme of William Rufus yt was practysed in Englande, for whom, as for other kynges of the realme (notwithstandynge he took away the church goodes) the churche of England praieth, which yf she doe lawfully, then she dothe well in prayeynge for the bishopp, & to say she doth yt unlawfully were absurde. Furthermore, he affyrmed that the temporal lordes (yf they had need) myght lawefully taike the goods of such religious persons to releave there necessityes. When he hadd taughte these & many worse then these, not only openly in the scholes in Oxforde, but also had preached them publikly in London, that there he myght ether gett the favoure of the duke, & of others whom he had found prone to heare hys opynion, which thyngs he had long sought for, that ys to say that he myght fynde certayne of the nobilitye of thys realme, or rather more ryghtly devills, whoe wolde imbrace hys folyshe toyes, & wolde encorage hym what they colde to maike dull the sworde of Peter, & least he sholde be publikly punyshed they sholde defende hym with the seculer arm, by whom beynge supported, he muche more boldly communicated the matter of excommunication with them, in so muche that he drew into the pytt of errour, not only lordes, but also certeyne simple cytyzens of London, for he was not only eloquent but also a most perfect hypocryte & dyssembler, directynge all hys doyngs to one ende, that ys to witt to spreade hys worde, hys fame, & opynion amongst men. He feined hym selffe to contemne temporall goods as unstable & fraile for the love of eternal ritches, & therfor hys conversation was with those religious that had possessions; & that he myght the more delude the people's mynds, he adioyned hym selffe unto the beggynge freires, approvynge there povertye & extollynge there perfection, that he myght deceave the vulgar sorte. He was furnyshed with many arguments, but with no knowledge from God, & florished to maike hys opinions seeme probable, & abundantly inveighed the eares of the unheartened hearers with the composition of wordes which he spytefully enoughe cast furthe, & vaynly fed the wyndes without frute.
On 3rd February 1388 the Merciless Parliament commenced. It ended on 4th June 1388. Its primary function was to prosecute members of the Court of King Richard II of England (age 21). The term "Merciless" is contemporary having been coined by the chronicler Henry Knighton.
Michael de la Pole 1st Earl Suffolk (age 58) was sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered in his absence. He had escaped to France.
Archbishop Alexander Neville (age 47) was found guilty of treason and it was determined to imprison him for life in Rochester Castle, Kent [Map]. He fled to Louvain [Map] where he became a parish priest for the remainder of his life.
On 19th February 1388 Robert Tresilian was hanged naked and his throat cut. See Chronicle of Adam of Usk.
On 25th March 1388 Nicholas Brembre was hanged. He was buried at Christ Church, Greyfriars [Map].
On 5th May 1388 Simon Burley (age 48) was executed despite the protestations of his friend Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York (age 46). See Chronicle of Adam of Usk.
On 12th May 1388 John Beauchamp 1st Baron Beauchamp (age 69) was beheaded at Tower Hill [Map]. He was buried at Worcester Cathedral [Map]. Baron Beauchamp of Kidderminster forfeit.
Robert de Vere 1st Duke Ireland (age 26) was attainted.
On 19th February 1408 Thomas Rokeby's (age 28) force of Yorkshire levies defeated the Percy army during the Battle of Bramham Moor bringing to an end the Percy rebellion.
Henry Percy 1st Earl of Northumberland (age 66) was killed. His body was afterwards hanged, drawn and quartered, his head being sent to London bridge and his quarters to diverse places. Possibly captured hanged, drawn and quartered after the battle. Earl of Northumberland, Baron Percy of Alnwick and Baron Percy of Topcliffe forfeit.
Thomas Bardolf 5th Baron Bardolf (age 38) was killed. Baron Bardolf of Wormegay in Norfolk had been forfeited in 1406 when Thomas Bardolf 5th Baron Bardolf was declared a traitor. It was restored on the 19th of July 1408 to his two daughters Anne Bardolf Baroness Cobham Sternborough (age 18) and Joan Bardolf (age 17) and their husbands William Clifford (age 33) and William Phelip (age 25) respectively.
The Abbot of Hailes Abbey [Map] was executed following the battle since he was wearing armour. Bishop Griffin Yonge (age 38), Bishop of Bangor, was captured, but wearing his vestments, he avoided execution.
On 19th February 1414 Archbishop Thomas Fitzalan aka Arundel (age 61) died.
On 19th February 1505 Mathilde Hesse Duchess Cleves (age 31) died.
On 19th February 1559 Archbishop Edwin Sandes (age 40) and Cecily Wilford were married.
Henry Machyn's Diary. 19th February 1561. The xix day of Feybruary dyd pryche a-for the quen (age 27) master Nevell (age 44), the [dean of Saint Paul's,] and he mad a godly sermon, and gret [audience].
On 19th February 1564 Marie Habsburg Spain was born to Maximilian Habsburg Spain II Holy Roman Emperor (age 36) and Maria of Spain Holy Roman Empress (age 35). On 26th March 1564 she died. Coefficient of inbreeding 10.03%.
The True Chronicles of Jean le Bel Volume 1 Chapters 1-60 1307-1342
The True Chronicles of Jean le Bel offer one of the most vivid and immediate accounts of 14th-century Europe, written by a knight who lived through the events he describes, and experienced some of them first hand. Covering the early decades of the Hundred Years’ War, this remarkable chronicle follows the campaigns of Edward III of England, the politics of France and the Low Countries, and the shifting alliances that shaped medieval warfare. Unlike later historians, Jean le Bel writes with a strong sense of eyewitness authenticity, drawing on personal experience and the testimony of fellow soldiers. His narrative captures not only battles and sieges, but also the realities of military life, diplomacy, and the ideals of chivalry that governed noble society. A key source for Jean Froissart, Le Bel’s chronicle stands on its own as a compelling and insightful work, at once historical record and literary achievement. This translation builds on the 1905 edition published in French by Jules Viard, adding extensive translations from other sources Rymer's Fœdera, the Chronicles of Adam Murimuth, William Nangis, Walter of Guisborough, a Bourgeois of Valenciennes, Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke and Richard Lescot to enrich the original text and Viard's notes.
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On 19th February 1594 Henry Frederick Stewart Prince of Wales was born to King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland (age 27) and Anne of Denmark Queen Consort Scotland England and Ireland (age 19) at Stirling Castle [Map]. He was baptised on the 30th August 1594.
Calendar of the Carew Manuscripts. The 19th of February [1601] the Earl [of Essex] was arraigned (together with Southampton) in Westminster Hall before 25 peers, the Lord Treasurer (age 66) [Buckhurst] sitting as Lord Steward. At the bar the Earl laboured to extenuate his ftiult, by denying that ever he meant any harm to her Majesty's person, and by pretending that he took arms principally to save himself from my Lord Cobham (age 37) and Sir Walter Ralegh (age 48), who (he gave out) should have murdered him in his house on Saturday night. He pretended also an intention he had to have removed me with some others from the Queen, as one who would sell the kingdom of England to the Infant of Spain, with such other hyperbolical inventions. But before he went out of the Hall, when he saw himself condemned, and found that Sir John Davys (age 40), Sir Ferdinando Gorges (age 37), Sir Charles Davers, and Sir Christopher Blunt had confessed all the conferences that were held at Drury House, by his directions, for the surprising of the Queen and the Tower, which argued a premeditated treason (which he laboured to have had it prove only a sudden putting himself into strength, and flying into the city for fear of being committed over night when the Lords sent for him, which upon my faith to you, to whom I will not lie, was only to have reproved him for his unlawful assemblies, and to have wislied him to leave the city and retire into the country), he then break out to divers gentlemen in these words, that his confederates wlio now had accused him had been principal inciters of him, and not he of them, even ever since August last, to work his access to the Queen with force.
On 19th February 1608 Francesco IV Gonzaga Duke of Mantua (age 21) and Margaret of Savoy Vicereine Portugal (age 18) were married. She the daughter of Charles Emmanuel Savoy I Duke Savoy (age 46) and Catherine Habsburg Spain Duchess Savoy. He the son of Vincenzo Gonzaga III Duke Mantua (age 45) and Eleanor de Medici Duchess Mantua (age 40). They were third cousins.
Diary of Anne Clifford. 19th February 1617. Upon the 19th I sent Mr Edward's man to London with a letter to my Lord (age 27) to desire him to come down hither. All this day I spent with Marsh who did write the chronicles of 1607, who went in afterwards to my prayers, desiring God to send me some end of my troubles that my enemies might not still have the upper hand of me.
On 30th December 1623 the fourth Parliament of James I (age 57) known as the Happy Parliament was summoned.
On 19th February 1624 the Happy Parliament held its first session.
Roland Egerton 1st Baronet (age 29) was elected MP Wootton Bassett.
Arthur Lake (age 25) was elected MP Minehead.
James Wriothesley (age 18) was elected MP Winchester.
Richard Edgecumbe (age 53) was elected MP Grampound.
On 19th February 1625 Arthur Chichester 1st Baron Chichester (age 61) died of pleurisy. He was buried in St Nicholas' Church, Carrickfergus, County Antrim.
John Evelyn's Diary. 19th February 1645. I went, this afternoon, to visit my Lord John Somerset (age 41), brother to the Marquis of Worcester (age 42) [Note. This reference confusing since Edward Somerset 2nd Marquess Worcester became Marquess Worcester in 1646?], who had his apartment in Palazzo della Cancellaria, belonging to Cardinal Francesco Barberini, as Vice-chancellor of the Church of Rome, and Protector of the English. The building is of the famous architect, Bramante, of incrusted marble, with four ranks of noble lights; the principal entrance is of Fontana's design, and all marble; the portico within sustained by massy columns; on the second peristyle above, the chambers are rarely painted by Salviati and Vasari; and so ample is this palace, that six princes with their families have been received in it at one time, without incommoding each other.
John Evelyn's Diary. 19th February 1656. Went with Dr. Wilkins (age 42) to see Barlow (age 30), the famous painter of fowls, beasts, and birds.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 19th February 1660. Sunday. Lord's day. Early in the morning I set my books that I brought home yesterday up in order in my study. Thence forth to Mr. Harper's to drink a draft of purle, [Note. Purl is hot beer flavoured with wormwood or other aromatic herbs. The name is also given to hot beer flavoured with gin, sugar, and ginger.] whither by appointment Monsieur L'Impertinent, who did intend too upon my desire to go along with me to St. Bartholomew's, to hear one Mr. Sparks, but it raining very hard we went to Mr. Gunning's (age 46) and heard an excellent sermon, and speaking of the character that the Scripture gives of Ann the mother of the blessed Virgin, he did there speak largely in commendation of widowhood, and not as we do to marry two or three wives or husbands, one after another. Here I met with Mr. Moore, and went home with him to dinner, where he told me the discourse that happened between the secluded members and the members of the House, before Monk (age 51) last Friday. How the secluded said, that they did not intend by coming in to express revenge upon these men, but only to meet and dissolve themselves, and only to issue writs for a free Parliament. He told me how Haselrigge (age 59) was afraid to have the candle carried before him, for fear that the people seeing him, would do him hurt; and that he is afraid to appear in the City. That there is great likelihood that the secluded members will come in, and so Mr. Crew (age 62) and my Lord are likely to be great men, at which I was very glad. After diner there was many secluded members come in to Mr. Crew, which, it being the Lord's day, did make Mr. Moore believe that there was something extraordinary in the business.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 19th February 1661. By coach to Whitehall with Colonel Slingsby (age 50) (carrying Mrs. Turner (age 38) with us) and there he and I up into the house, where we met with Sir G. Carteret (age 51): who afterwards, with the Duke of York (age 27), my Lord Sandwich (age 35), and others, went into a private room to consult: and we were a little troubled that we were not called in with the rest. But I do believe it was upon something very private. We staid walking in the gallery; where we met with Mr. Slingsby, that was formerly a great friend of Mons. Blondeau, who showed me the stamps of the King's new coyne; which is strange to see, how good they are in the stamp and bad in the money, for lack of skill to make them. But he says Blondeau will shortly come over, and then we shall have it better, and the best in the world1.
Note 1. Peter Blondeau, medallist, was invited to London from Paris in 1649, and appointed by the Council of State to coin their money; but the moneyers succeeded in driving him out of the country. Soon after the Restoration he returned, and was appointed engineer to the mint.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 19th February 1664. After dinner I to the office, where we should have met upon business extraordinary, but business not coming we broke up, and I thither again and took my wife; and taking a coach, went to visit my Ladys Jemimah and Paulina Montagu, and Mrs. Elizabeth Pickering (age 22), whom we find at their father's new house1 in Lincolne's Inn Fields; but the house all in dirt. They received us well enough; but I did not endeavour to carry myself over familiarly with them; and so after a little stay, there coming in presently after us my Lady Aberguenny (age 34) and other ladies, we back again by coach, and visited, my wife did, my she cozen Scott, who is very ill still, and thence to Jaggard's again, where a very good supper and great store of plate; and above all after supper Mrs. Jaggard did at my entreaty play on the Vyall, but so well as I did not think any woman in England could and but few Maisters, I must confess it did mightily surprise me, though I knew heretofore that she could play, but little thought so well.
Note 1. The Earl of Sandwich had just moved to a house in Lincoln's Inn Fields. Elizabeth Dickering, who afterwards married John Creed, was niece to Lord Sandwich (age 38).
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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Samuel Pepys' Diary. 19th February 1666. Up, and by coach to my Lord Sandwich's (age 40), but he was gone out. So I to White Hall, and there waited on the Duke of Yorke (age 32) with some of the rest of our brethren, and thence back again to my Lord's, to see my Lord Hinchingbrooke (age 18), which I did, and I am mightily out of countenance in my great expectation of him by others' report, though he is indeed a pretty gentleman, yet nothing what I took him for, methinks, either as to person or discourse discovered to me, but I must try him more before I go too far in censuring.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 19th February 1666. Thence walked with Fenn down to White Hall, and there saw the Queene (age 56) at cards with many ladies, but none of our beauties were there. But glad I was to see the Queene so well, who looks prettily; and methinks hath more life than before, since it is confessed of all that she miscarryed lately; Dr. Clerke telling me yesterday at White Hall that he had the membranes and other vessels in his hands which she voided, and were perfect as ever woman's was that bore a child.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 19th February 1666. So home. I find my wife gone out to Hales, her Paynter's (age 57), and I after a little dinner do follow her, and there do find him at worke, and with great content I do see it will be a very brave picture. Left her there, and I to my Lord Treasurer's (age 58), where Sir G. Carteret (age 56) and Sir J. Minnes (age 66) met me, and before my Lord Treasurer and Duke of Albemarle (age 57) the state of our Navy debts were laid open, being very great, and their want of money to answer them openly professed, there being but £1,500,000 to answer a certaine expense and debt of £2,300,000.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 19th February 1666. Thence hoping to find my Lord Sandwich (age 40), away by coach to my Chancellor's (age 57), but missed him, and so home and to office, and then to supper and my Journall, and to bed.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 19th February 1668. After dinner my wife out with Deb., to buy some things against my sister's wedding, and I to the office to write fair my business I did in the morning, and in the evening to White Hall, where I find Sir W. Coventry (age 40) all alone, a great while with the Duke of York (age 34), in the King's drawing-room, they two talking together all alone, which did mightily please me. Then I did get Sir W. Coventry (the Duke of York being gone) aside, and there read over my paper, which he liked and corrected, and tells me it will be hard to escape, though the thing be never so fair, to have it voted a miscarriage; but did advise me and my Lord Brouncker (age 48), who coming by did join with us, to prepare some members in it, which we shall do. Here I do hear how La Roche (age 47), a French captain, who was once prisoner here, being with his ship at Plymouth, Devon [Map], hath played some freakes there, for which his men being beat out of the town, he hath put up his flag of defiance, and also, somewhere thereabout, did land with his men, and go a mile into the country, and did some pranks, which sounds pretty odd, to our disgrace, but we are in condition now to bear any thing. But, blessed be God! all the Court is full of the good news of my Lord Sandwich's (age 42) having made a peace between Spain and Portugall, which is mighty great news, and, above all, to my Lord's honour, more than any thing he ever did; and yet I do fear it will not prevail to secure him in Parliament against incivilities there.
John Evelyn's Diary. 19th February 1671. This day dined with me Mr. Surveyor, Dr. Christopher Wren (age 47), and Mr. Pepys (age 37), Clerk of the Acts, two extraordinary, ingenious, and knowing persons, and other friends. I carried them to see the piece of carving which I had recommended to the King (age 40). Note. Those of Grinling Gibbons (age 22) - see John Evelyn's Diary 18th January 1671.
John Evelyn's Diary. 12th February 1683. This morning I received the news of the death of my father-in-law, Sir Richard Browne (age 78), Knt. and Bart., who died at my house at Sayes Court [Map] this day at ten in the morning, after he had labored under the gout and dropsy for nearly six months, in the 78th year of his age. The funeral was solemnized on the 19th at Deptford, with as much decency as the dignity of the person, and our relation to him, required; there being invited the Bishop of Rochester (age 58), several noblemen, knights, and all the fraternity of the Trinity House, of which he had been Master, and others of the country. The vicar preached a short but proper discourse on Psalm xxxix. 10, on the frailty of our mortal condition, concluding with an ample and well-deserved eulogy on the defunct, relating to his honorable birth and ancestors, education, learning in Greek and Latin, modern languages, travels, public employments, signal loyalty, character abroad, and particularly the honor of supporting the Church of England in its public worship during its persecution by the late rebels' usurpation and regicide, by the suffrages of divers Bishops, Doctors of the Church, and others, who found such an asylum in his house and family at Paris, that in their disputes with the Papists (then triumphing over it as utterly lost) they used to argue for its visibility and existence from Sir R. Browne's chapel and assembly there. Then he spoke of his great and loyal sufferings during thirteen years' exile with his present Majesty (age 52), his return with him in the signal year 1660; his honorable employment at home, his timely Recess to recollect himself, his great age, infirmities, and death.
John Evelyn's Diary. 19th February 1685. The Lord Treasurer and ye other new Officers were sworne at the Chancery Barr and the Exchequer. The late King (deceased) having the revenue of Excise, Costoms, and other late duties granted for his life only, they were now farmed and lett to severall persons, upon an opinion that the late King might lett them for three yeares after his decease; some of the old Commissioners refus'd to act. The lease was made but the day before the King died; the major part of the Judges (but as some think not the best Lawyers) pronounc'd it legal, but four dissented. The Clerk of the Closet (age 50) had shut up the late King's private Oratorie next the Privy-chamber above, but the King caus'd it to be open'd againe, and that prayers should be said as formerly.
John Evelyn's Diary. 19th February 1686. Many bloody and notorious duels were fought about this time. The Duke of Grafton (age 22) kill'd Mr. Stanley, brother to the Earle of Shrewsbury (age 25), indeede upon an almost insufferable provocation. It is to be hop'd his Ma* (age 52) will at last severely remedy this unchristian custome. Lord Sunderland (age 44) was now Secretary of State, President of the Council, and Premier Minister.
John Evelyn's Diary. 19th February 1690. I dined with the Marquis of Carmarthen (age 57) (late Lord Danby), where was Lieutenant-General Douglas (age 45), a very considerate and sober commander, going for Ireland. He related to us the exceeding neglect of the English soldiers, suffering severely for want of clothes and necessaries this winter, exceedingly magnifying their courage and bravery during all their hardships. There dined also Lord Lucas, Lieutenant of the Tower (age 40), and the Bishop of St. Asaph (age 62). The Privy Seal was again put in commission, Mr. Cheny (who married my kinswoman, Mrs. Pierrepoint), Sir Thomas Knatchbull (age 50), and Sir P. W. Pultney. The imprudence of both sexes was now become so great and universal, persons of all ranks keeping their courtesans publicly, that the King had lately directed a letter to the Bishops to order their clergy to preach against that sin, swearing, etc., and to put the ecclesiastical laws in execution without any indulgence.
Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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On 19th February 1690 Charles Montagu 1st Duke Manchester (age 28) and Doddington Greville Duchess Manchester (age 17) were married. She by marriage Countess Manchester. He the son of Robert Montagu 3rd Earl Manchester and Anne Yelverton Countess Manchester (age 59).
John Evelyn's Diary. 19th February 1693. The Bishop of Lincoln (age 56) preached in the afternoon at the Tabernacle near Golden Square, set up by him. Proposals of a marriage between Mr. Draper and my daughter Susanna (age 24). Hitherto an exceedingly warm winter, such as has seldom been known, and portending an unprosperous spring as to the fruits of the earth; our climate requires more cold and winterly weather. The dreadful and astonishing earthquake swallowing up Catania, and other famous and ancient cities, with more than 100,000 persons in Sicily [Map], on 11th January last, came now to be reported among us.
On 19th February 1698 William Fitzroy 3rd Duke Cleveland 2nd Duke Southampton was born to Charles Fitzroy 1st Duke Southampton 2nd Duke Cleveland (age 35) and Anne Pulteney Duchess Southampton Duchess of Cleveland (age 34). He a grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. He married 1731 his fifth cousin Henrietta Finch Duchess of Cleveland Duchess Southampton, daughter of Daniel Finch 2nd Earl Nottingham 7th Earl Winchilsea and Anne Hatton Countess Nottingham and Winchelsea.
On 19th February 1712 Arthur Devis was born to Anthony Devis at Preston, Lancashire [Map]. He married 20th July 1742 Elizabeth Faulkener and had issue.
Minutes of the Society of Antiquaries. 19th February 1718. It is proposed and agreed the 3rd time to engrave RII picture in Westminster Abbey and Mr Director Talman (age 40) is desired and authorised to have a drawing tken of it with all convenient speed, in order thereto.
On 19th February 1721 Francis Scott was born to Francis Scott 2nd Duke Buccleuch (age 26) and Jane Douglas. He a great x 2 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 1.65%. He married 2nd October 1742 his fourth cousin once removed Caroline Campbell 1st Baroness Greenwich, daughter of John Campbell 2nd Duke Argyll and Jane Warburton Duchess of Argyll, and had issue.
On 10th February 1780 Samuel Egerton (age 68) died. On 19th February 1780 he was buried at St Mary's Church, Rostherne, Tatton [Map]. Monument sculpted by John "The Elder" Bacon (age 39). Figures representing Hope and Patience.
The monument inscription describes those also buried in the vault: John Egerton, his wife Elizabeth Barbour buried 10th February 1743, her mother Elizabeth Hill (age 85) buried 17th April 1713 and John and Elizabeth's daughter-in-law Beatrix Copley (age 22) buried 1st May 1755.
On 19th February 1804 Philip Yorke (age 60) died. Monument in St Deiniol & St Marcella Church, Marchwiel [Map] sculpted by Richard Westmacott (age 28).
Philip Yorke: On 30th July 1743 Philip Yorke and Elizabeth Cust were married. On 30th July 1743 he was born to Simon Yorke at Erddig, Wrexham.
Surrey to Wit. Margaret Millar (age 43) formerley Margaret Coghlan of New Cavendish Street Portland Place but now of Coal Harbour Lane in the Parish of Saint Mary Lambeth in the County of Surrey make the oath and saith that she was a Prisoner in the Custody of the Marshal of the King's Bench and that she was there delivered of a Male Child in the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety and that the said child was there Christened by the Name Andrew Hervey (age 15) by the Reverend Mr Seddons Rector of Stratford upon Anon then a Prisoner in the said Prison of the King's Bench where no Register of Births [or Christenings] are kept. And this Deponent further saith That the said Mr Seddons is since dead as are also Mr. Walther and Mr. John Hill the Marshal and Deputy Marhsal of th said Prison at the time of the Christening of the [?] Male Infant by the Name of Andrew as aforesaid. Sworn at the Prison Hall in the Borough of Southwark in theCounty of Surrey this 19th day of February 1806 before me Thos Hiske.
Andrew Hervey: On 25th June 1790 he was born to Andrew Barnard and Margaret Maria Moncrieffe. On 14th June 1862 Andrew Hervey died.
I A Hervey (age 15) presented for the appointment of [?] by his Excellency the Earl of Hardwicke (age 48) do make oath and swear that I have caused search to be made for a Parish register whereby to ascertain my age but am unable to produce the same and further I make oath and swear that from the information of my parents [Andrew Barnard (age 49) and Margaret Maria Moncrieffe (age 43)] and other relations which information I verily believe to be true that I was born in the parish of St George Fields in the County of Surrey on the 25th Day Sept in the year 1790 and that I am not at this time under the age of fifteen or above Twenty Two years. Witness my Hand this 19th Day of February in the our Lord 1806. Andrew Harvey. Sworn before me this 19th Feb 1806 [Undecipherable Signature] of His Majesty's Justice of the Peace for the Counter of Surrey and Middlesex.
On 19th February 1811 William Alexander Archibald Hamilton 11th Duke Hamilton 8th Duke Brandon was born to Alexander Hamilton 10th Duke Hamilton 7th Duke Brandon (age 43) and Susanna Euphemia Beckford Duchess Hamilton Duchess Brandon (age 24).
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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The Gentleman's Magazine Volume 86. Feb. 19 [1816]. At Dalrymple's, Portman square, Louisa Grace, Duchess of St. Alban's (age 39); and her infant son the Duke of St. Alban's. Her Grace, who had been for some time in a delicate state of health, died three hours after her child. This interesting lady, whose premature death has caused so much concern, was third dau. of the late J. Manners, esq. eldest son of the late Lord W. Manners, uncle to the late Duke of Rutland, by Lady Louisa Tollemache (age 70), daughter to the late [Lionel Tollemache 4th Earl Dysart], and sister to the present [Wilbrahim Tollemache 6th Earl Dysart (age 76)] Earl of Dysart, The Duchess was sister to Sir W. Manners (age 49), bart. M. P. and to J. Manners (age 48), esq. married to the Duchess of Roxburgh, and also sister to Lady Heathcote, Mrs. Dalrymple, and the late Mrs. Duff. She was married to the Duke of St. Alban's in August 1802, and continued one of the brightest stars in the fashionable hemisphere until the birth of her son during the last year; when all the pleasure was forgotten in her devotion to her domestic circle, which was only disturbed by the death of his Grace, her late husband. Their remains were interred at Hanwell on the 11th inst, — The title and estates Jevolve on Lord Wm. Beauclerc (age 49), brother-in-law to the deceased Duchess.
On 19th February 1816 Louisa Grace Manners Duchess St Albans (age 39) died. The same day her son Aubrey Beauclerk 7th Duke St Albans died. His uncle William (age 49) succeeded 8th Duke St Albans, 8th Earl Burford, 8th Baron Heddington, 5th Baron Vere of Hanworth in Middlesex. Maria Janetta Nelthorpe Duchess St Albans by marriage Duchess St Albans. Both at the home of her sister Laura Manners Countess Stair and her husband John Dalrymple 7th Earl of Stair (age 31) at Portman Square Marylebone.
The Diary of George Price Boyce 1858. 19th February 1858. February 19. Solomon's (age 34) weekly re-union. Tea and fish, wine and cake. Much interested with a book of sketches by young Simeon (age 17).
On 19th February 1858 Herbrand Arthur Russell 11th Duke Bedford was born to Francis Russell 9th Duke Bedford (age 38) and Elizabeth Sackville-West Duchess Bedford (age 39). He married 31st January 1888 Mary Caurroy Tribe Duchess Bedford and had issue.
The Times. 20th February 1891. We regret to announce that EARL BEAUCHAMP (deceased), Lord Lieutenant of Worcestershire, died suddenly yesterday at Madresfield Court, his Worcestershire seat. He was taken ill while at luncheon, after a journey to a neighbouring town, and died before medical aid could be obtained, the cause of death being heart disease. His death will be felt as a serious loss, both in the English Church and in the Conservative party. A strong and moderately "high" Churchman, he took a leading position in his own diocese and in the Church at large in the promotion and defence of Anglican interests and; though he did not come prominently before the public as a politician, he exercised for many years considerable influence in the councils of the Tory' leaders. Frederic Lygon was the second son of the fourth Earl Beauchamp by Lady Susan Caroline Eliot, daughter of the secoud earl of St. Germans. He was born in 1830, and was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford. In 1852 he was elected a Fellow of All Souls, and the received tho degree of D.C.L. from his University in 1870. As the Hon. Frederick Lygon, he entered Parliament as member for Tewkesbury in 1857, for which place be sat till 1863, when be was elected for West Worcestershire. At his elder brother's death, without issue, in 1866, he succeeded to the peerage as sixth Earl. Both as a member of the House of Commons and as a peer he hold posts in Conservative Governments. In 1859 he was for a short time a Lord of the Admiralty. During the whole of Mr. Disraeli's Ministry which lasted from 1874 to 1880 he was Lord Steward of the Queen's Household. On the return of the Conservatives to power in 1885 he ras Paymaster-General of the Forces for the few months that the Government lasted, and he returned the same post when the general election put an end to Mr. Gladstone's short-lived Administration in 1886. He did not, however, remain in the Goverornent for a year, as he resigned in June, 1887. Since 1876 he had been Lord Lieutenant of Worcestershire. The deceased earl was twice married, 1st, in 1868, to Lady Mary Catharine, only daughter of the sixth Earl Stanhope (she died in 1876), and, secondly, to Lady Emily Annora Charlotte (age 37), daughter of the third Earl Mdanvers (age 66). He is succeeded by his eldest son, William, Viscount Elmley, who was born in 1872.
The Gallipoli Campaign was a military campaign in the First World War on the Gallipoli peninsula (now Gelibolu) from 19th February 1915 to 9 January 1916.
On 19th February 1926 Francis Derwent Wood (age 54) died.
On 19th February 1960 Prince Andrew Windsor 1st Duke of York was born to Philip Mountbatten Duke Edinburgh (age 38) and Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom (age 33) at Belgian Suite Buckingham Palace. He was baptised on 8th April 1960 by Archbishop Geoffrey Fisher (age 72) at the Music Room, Buckingham Palace.
On 19th February 1966 Winifred Agnes Lloyd Viscountess Leverhulme (age 66) died. She was buried at Christ Church, Port Sunlight [Map].
Winifred Agnes Lloyd Viscountess Leverhulme: On 14th July 1899 she was born. On 20th January 1937 William Lever 2nd Viscount Leverhulme and she were married. She by marriage Viscountess Leverhulme of the Western Isles.
On 19th February 1979 Robert George Grosvenor 5th Duke Westminster (age 68) died. His son Gerald (age 27) succeeded 6th Duke Westminster, 8th Marquess Westminster, 9th Earl Grosvenor, 15th Baronet Grosvenor of Eaton in Cheshire. Natalia Phillips Duchess of Westminster (age 19) by marriage Duchess Westminster.
On 19th February 1990 Frances Laura Charteris Duchess of Marlborough (age 74) died at Portland Towers Marylebone.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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On 19th February 1564 Marie Habsburg Spain was born to Maximilian Habsburg Spain II Holy Roman Emperor (age 36) and Maria of Spain Holy Roman Empress (age 35). On 26th March 1564 she died. Coefficient of inbreeding 10.03%.
On 19th February 1594 Henry Frederick Stewart Prince of Wales was born to King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland (age 27) and Anne of Denmark Queen Consort Scotland England and Ireland (age 19) at Stirling Castle [Map]. He was baptised on the 30th August 1594.
On 19th February 1674 Fortescue Tynte was born to Halswell Tynte 1st Baronet (age 25) and Grace Fortescue Lady Tynte. He was baptised on 19th February 1674 at the
On 19th February 1674 James Butler was born to Richard Butler 1st Earl Arran (age 34) and Dorothy Ferrers Countess Arran (age 19). He died aged two in 1676.
On 19th February 1698 William Fitzroy 3rd Duke Cleveland 2nd Duke Southampton was born to Charles Fitzroy 1st Duke Southampton 2nd Duke Cleveland (age 35) and Anne Pulteney Duchess Southampton Duchess of Cleveland (age 34). He a grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. He married 1731 his fifth cousin Henrietta Finch Duchess of Cleveland Duchess Southampton, daughter of Daniel Finch 2nd Earl Nottingham 7th Earl Winchilsea and Anne Hatton Countess Nottingham and Winchelsea.
On 19th February 1712 Arthur Devis was born to Anthony Devis at Preston, Lancashire [Map]. He married 20th July 1742 Elizabeth Faulkener and had issue.
On 19th February 1721 Francis Scott was born to Francis Scott 2nd Duke Buccleuch (age 26) and Jane Douglas. He a great x 2 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 1.65%. He married 2nd October 1742 his fourth cousin once removed Caroline Campbell 1st Baroness Greenwich, daughter of John Campbell 2nd Duke Argyll and Jane Warburton Duchess of Argyll, and had issue.
On 19th February 1740 Edward Devereux 12th Viscount Hereford was born to Edward Devereux 11th Viscount Hereford (age 30) and Catherine Mytton. He married 2nd June 1774 Henrietta Charlotte Tracy Keck Viscountess Hereford.
On 19th February 1742 William Norton 2nd Baron Grantley was born to Fletcher Norton 1st Baron Grantley (age 25) and Grace Chapple Baroness Grantley.
On 19th February 1764 Mary Sandys Marchioness Downshire was born to Martin Sandes (age 34) and Mary Trumbull. She married 29th June 1786 Arthur Hill 2nd Marquess Downshire, son of Wills Hill 1st Marquess Downshire and Margaretta Fitzgerald, and had issue.
On 19th February 1765 William Cave-Browne-Cave 9th Baronet was born to John Cave-Browne. He married 4th January 1793 Louisa Wilmot Lady Cave, daughter of Robert Mead Wilmot 2nd Baronet and Mary Woolett, and had issue.
On 19th February 1777 Vice-Admiral Henry Hotham was born to Beaumont Hotham 2nd Baron Hotham (age 39). He married before 3rd August 1824 Frances Anne Juliana Rous, daughter of John Rous 1st Earl Stradbroke and Juliana Warter Wilson, and had issue.
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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On 19th February 1798 Colonel Allan Napier MacNab 1st Baronet was born. He married 30th September 1831 Mary Elizabeth Stuart and had issue.
On 19th February 1811 William Alexander Archibald Hamilton 11th Duke Hamilton 8th Duke Brandon was born to Alexander Hamilton 10th Duke Hamilton 7th Duke Brandon (age 43) and Susanna Euphemia Beckford Duchess Hamilton Duchess Brandon (age 24).
On 19th February 1820 Rowland Winn 1st Baron St Oswald was born to Charles Williamson aka Winn (age 24) and Priscilla Strickland (age 23). He married 21st March 1854 Harriet Dumaresq Baroness St Owsald and had issue.
On 19th February 1822 Robert Lydston Newman 2nd Baronet was born to Robert Newman 1st Baronet (age 45).
On 19th February 1828 John Dugdale Astley 3rd Baronet was born to Francis Dugdale Astley 2nd Baronet (age 23) and Emma Dorothea Lethbridge Lady Astley. He married 22nd May 1858 Eleanor Blanche Mary Corbett and had issue.
On 19th February 1842 Edward Scott 5th Baronet was born to Claude Edward Scott 3rd Baronet (age 38). He married 11th August 1865 Emilie Packe Lady Scott and had issue.
On 19th February 1844 Bishop Edward Stuart Talbot was born to John Chetwynd-Talbot (age 37) and Caroline Jane Stuart-Wortley (age 34). He married 29th June 1870 Lavinia Lyttelton, daughter of George William Lyttelton 4th Baron Lyttelton and Mary Glynne Lady Lyttelton.
On 19th February 1858 Herbrand Arthur Russell 11th Duke Bedford was born to Francis Russell 9th Duke Bedford (age 38) and Elizabeth Sackville-West Duchess Bedford (age 39). He married 31st January 1888 Mary Caurroy Tribe Duchess Bedford and had issue.
On 19th February 1868 Seymour Berkeley Portman 6th Viscount Portman was born to William Henry Portman 2nd Viscount Portman (age 38) and Mary Selina Wentworth-Fitzwilliam Viscountess Portman (age 32).
On 19th February 1869 Oliver Russell 2nd Baron Ampthill was born to Odo Russell 1st Baron Ampthill (age 39) and Emily Theresa Villiers Baroness Ampthill (age 26). He married 6th October 1894 his fourth cousin once removed Margaret Lygon Baroness Ampthill, daughter of Frederick Lygon 6th Earl Beauchamp and Mary Catherine Stanhope Countess Beauchamp, and had issue.
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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On 19th February 1916 John Patrick Edward Chandos Henniker-Major 8th Baron Henniker was born to John Ernest de Grey Henniker-Major 7th Baron Henniker (age 33).
On 19th February 1917 Jestyn Reginald Austin Plantagenet Philipps 2nd Viscount St Davids was born to John Wynford Philipps 1st Viscount St Davids (age 56) and Elizabeth Frances Abney-Hastings Viscountess St Davids (age 32).
On 19th February 1919 Lieutenant Edward John Anson was born to Thomas Edward Anson 4th Earl Lichfield (age 35) and Evelyn Maud Keppel Countess Lichfield (age 31).
On 19th February 1960 Prince Andrew Windsor 1st Duke of York was born to Philip Mountbatten Duke Edinburgh (age 38) and Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom (age 33) at Belgian Suite Buckingham Palace. He was baptised on 8th April 1960 by Archbishop Geoffrey Fisher (age 72) at the Music Room, Buckingham Palace.
On 19th February 1960 Theodore Jonathan Brinckman 7th Baronet was born to Theodore George Roderick Brinckman 6th Baronet (age 27).
On 19th February 1963 Ferguson Arthur James Blakiston 9th Baronet was born to Arthur Norman Hunter Blakiston 8th Baronet (age 63).
On 19th February 1350 King John "The Good" II of France (age 30) and Joan Auvergne Queen Consort France (age 23) were married. She by marriage Queen Consort of France. She the daughter of William Auvergne XII Count Auvergne II Count Boulogne and Margaret Évreux Countess Auvergne and Boulogne. He the son of King Philip "Fortunate" VI of France (age 56) and Joan "Lame" Burgundy Queen Consort France. They were half second cousins. He a great x 4 grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Henry III of England.
On 19th February 1559 Archbishop Edwin Sandes (age 40) and Cecily Wilford were married.
On 19th February 1608 Francesco IV Gonzaga Duke of Mantua (age 21) and Margaret of Savoy Vicereine Portugal (age 18) were married. She the daughter of Charles Emmanuel Savoy I Duke Savoy (age 46) and Catherine Habsburg Spain Duchess Savoy. He the son of Vincenzo Gonzaga III Duke Mantua (age 45) and Eleanor de Medici Duchess Mantua (age 40). They were third cousins.
On 19th February 1666 Hugh Cholmley 4th Baronet (age 33) and Anne Compton Lady Rushout (age 29) were married. She by marriage Lady Cholmley of Whitby in Yorkshire. She the daughter of Spencer Compton 2nd Earl of Northampton and Mary Beaumont Countess of Northampton.
On 19th February 1672 Theophilus Hastings 7th Earl Huntingdon (age 21) and Elizabeth Lewis Countess Huntingdon (age 18) were married. She by marriage Countess Huntingdon. He the son of Ferdinando Hastings 6th Earl Huntingdon and Lucy Davies Countess Huntingdon (age 59).
Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke
Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.
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On 19th February 1690 Charles Montagu 1st Duke Manchester (age 28) and Doddington Greville Duchess Manchester (age 17) were married. She by marriage Countess Manchester. He the son of Robert Montagu 3rd Earl Manchester and Anne Yelverton Countess Manchester (age 59).
On 19th February 1716 Nathaniel Curzon 4th Baronet (age 40) and Mary Assheton Baroness Curzon (age 22) were married at Middleton, Lancashire.
On 19th February 1774 William Henry Lyttelton 1st Baron Lyttelton (age 49) and Caroline Bristow Baroness Lyttelton (age 28) were married. The difference in their ages was 21 years.
On 19th February 1846 George Barrington 7th Viscount Barrington (age 22) and Isabel Elizabeth Morritt Viscountess Barrington (age 19) were married.
On 19th February 1944 Charles Walter James Dormer 15th Baron Dormer (age 40) and Maureen Therese Josephine Noel Baroness Dormer (age 26) were married. She by marriage Baroness Dormer of Wyng in Buckinghamshire. She the daughter of Arthur Noel 4th Earl of Gainsborough and Alice Mary Eyre Countess Gainsborough.
On 3rd February 1388 the Merciless Parliament commenced. It ended on 4th June 1388. Its primary function was to prosecute members of the Court of King Richard II of England (age 21). The term "Merciless" is contemporary having been coined by the chronicler Henry Knighton.
Michael de la Pole 1st Earl Suffolk (age 58) was sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered in his absence. He had escaped to France.
Archbishop Alexander Neville (age 47) was found guilty of treason and it was determined to imprison him for life in Rochester Castle, Kent [Map]. He fled to Louvain [Map] where he became a parish priest for the remainder of his life.
On 19th February 1388 Robert Tresilian was hanged naked and his throat cut. See Chronicle of Adam of Usk.
On 25th March 1388 Nicholas Brembre was hanged. He was buried at Christ Church, Greyfriars [Map].
On 5th May 1388 Simon Burley (age 48) was executed despite the protestations of his friend Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York (age 46). See Chronicle of Adam of Usk.
On 12th May 1388 John Beauchamp 1st Baron Beauchamp (age 69) was beheaded at Tower Hill [Map]. He was buried at Worcester Cathedral [Map]. Baron Beauchamp of Kidderminster forfeit.
Robert de Vere 1st Duke Ireland (age 26) was attainted.
On 19th February 1408 Thomas Rokeby's (age 28) force of Yorkshire levies defeated the Percy army during the Battle of Bramham Moor bringing to an end the Percy rebellion.
Henry Percy 1st Earl of Northumberland (age 66) was killed. His body was afterwards hanged, drawn and quartered, his head being sent to London bridge and his quarters to diverse places. Possibly captured hanged, drawn and quartered after the battle. Earl of Northumberland, Baron Percy of Alnwick and Baron Percy of Topcliffe forfeit.
Thomas Bardolf 5th Baron Bardolf (age 38) was killed. Baron Bardolf of Wormegay in Norfolk had been forfeited in 1406 when Thomas Bardolf 5th Baron Bardolf was declared a traitor. It was restored on the 19th of July 1408 to his two daughters Anne Bardolf Baroness Cobham Sternborough (age 18) and Joan Bardolf (age 17) and their husbands William Clifford (age 33) and William Phelip (age 25) respectively.
The Abbot of Hailes Abbey [Map] was executed following the battle since he was wearing armour. Bishop Griffin Yonge (age 38), Bishop of Bangor, was captured, but wearing his vestments, he avoided execution.
On 19th February 1414 Archbishop Thomas Fitzalan aka Arundel (age 61) died.
On 19th February 1505 Mathilde Hesse Duchess Cleves (age 31) died.
On 19th February 1620 Frances Gerard Lady Molyneux (age 51) died at Sefton, Cheshire.
On 19th February 1625 Arthur Chichester 1st Baron Chichester (age 61) died of pleurisy. He was buried in St Nicholas' Church, Carrickfergus, County Antrim.
On 19th February 1658 Henry Wilmot 1st Earl Rochester (age 45) died at Sluys [Map]. He was buried in Bruges [Map]. After the Restoration his remains were reburied in All Saints Church, Spelsbury [Map]. His son John (age 10) succeeded 2nd Earl Rochester, 2nd Viscount Wilmot.
On 19th February 1660 William Douglas 1st Marquess Douglas (age 71) died at Douglas Castle, Douglas. His grandson James (age 14) succeeded 2nd Marquess Douglas.
On 19th February 1672 Bethel Wray 5th Baronet (age 49) died. He was buried at St Giles' in the Fields Church [Map]. His half first cousin once removed Christopher (age 20) succeeded 6th Baronet Wray of Glentworth in Lincolnshire.
On 19th February 1691 Thomas Lee 1st Baronet (age 55) died. His son Thomas (age 30) succeeded 2nd Baronet Lee of Hartwell in Buckinghamshire.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 19th February 1699 William Eliott 2nd Baronet died. His son Gilbert (age 19) succeeded 4th Baronet Eliott of Stobs.
On 19th February 1717 Robert Needham 8th Viscount Kilmorey (age 14) died. His brother Thomas (age 13) succeeded 9th Viscount Kilmorey.
On 19th February 1720 Edward Mansel 1st Baronet died. His son Edward succeeded 2nd Baronet Mansel of Trimsaran in Carmarthenshire.
On 19th February 1725 Edward Hussey 3rd Baronet (age 63) died. His son Henry (age 23) succeeded 4th Baronet Hussey of Honington in Lincolnshire, 4th Baronet Hussey of Caythorpe in Lincolnshire.
On 19th February 1759 Thomas Clarges 2nd Baronet (age 70) died. His grandson Thomas (age 7) succeeded 3rd Baronet Clarges of St Martin's in the Fields in Middlesex.
On 19th February 1769 Anne Spencer Viscountess Culmore (age 67) died.
On 19th February 1773 Stephen Anderson 3rd Baronet (age 64) died at Eyeworth, Bedfordshire. Baronet Anderson of Eyeworth in Bedfordshire extinct.
On 10th February 1780 Samuel Egerton (age 68) died. On 19th February 1780 he was buried at St Mary's Church, Rostherne, Tatton [Map]. Monument sculpted by John "The Elder" Bacon (age 39). Figures representing Hope and Patience.
The monument inscription describes those also buried in the vault: John Egerton, his wife Elizabeth Barbour buried 10th February 1743, her mother Elizabeth Hill (age 85) buried 17th April 1713 and John and Elizabeth's daughter-in-law Beatrix Copley (age 22) buried 1st May 1755.
On 19th February 1786 Jean Gray Countess Moray (age 42) died.
On 19th February 1791 Mary Wright Lady Cunliffe died.
Adam Murimuth's Continuation and Robert of Avesbury’s 'The Wonderful Deeds of King Edward III'
This volume brings together two of the most important contemporary chronicles for the reign of Edward III and the opening phases of the Hundred Years’ War. Written in Latin by English clerical observers, these texts provide a vivid and authoritative window into the political, diplomatic, and military history of fourteenth-century England and its continental ambitions. Adam Murimuth Continuatio's Chronicarum continues an earlier chronicle into the mid-fourteenth century, offering concise but valuable notices on royal policy, foreign relations, and ecclesiastical affairs. Its annalistic structure makes it especially useful for establishing chronology and tracing the development of events year by year. Complementing it, Robert of Avesbury’s De gestis mirabilibus regis Edwardi tertii is a rich documentary chronicle preserving letters, treaties, and official records alongside narrative passages. It is an indispensable source for understanding Edward III’s claim to the French crown, the conduct of war, and the mechanisms of medieval diplomacy. Together, these works offer scholars, students, and enthusiasts a reliable and unembellished account of a transformative period in English and European history. Essential for anyone interested in medieval chronicles, the Hundred Years’ War, or the reign of Edward III.
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On 19th February 1794 Francis Henry Drake 5th Baronet (age 70) died unmarried. Baronet Drake of Buckland in Devon extinct. He left his estates and fortune to Francis Augustus Eliott 2nd Baron Heathfield (age 43), the son of sister Anne Pollexfen Drake.
On 19th February 1804 Philip Yorke (age 60) died. Monument in St Deiniol & St Marcella Church, Marchwiel [Map] sculpted by Richard Westmacott (age 28).
Philip Yorke: On 30th July 1743 he was born to Simon Yorke at Erddig, Wrexham. On 30th July 1743 Philip Yorke and Elizabeth Cust were married.
On 19th February 1816 Louisa Grace Manners Duchess St Albans (age 39) died. The same day her son Aubrey Beauclerk 7th Duke St Albans died. His uncle William (age 49) succeeded 8th Duke St Albans, 8th Earl Burford, 8th Baron Heddington, 5th Baron Vere of Hanworth in Middlesex. Maria Janetta Nelthorpe Duchess St Albans by marriage Duchess St Albans. Both at the home of her sister Laura Manners Countess Stair and her husband John Dalrymple 7th Earl of Stair (age 31) at Portman Square Marylebone.
On 19th February 1838 George Thynne 2nd Baron Carteret (age 68) died. His brother John (age 65) succeeded 3rd Baron Carteret.
On 19th February 1838 Charles Palmer 6th Baronet (age 78) died unmarried. Baronet Palmer of Wingham in Kent extinct. He appears to have had two illegitimate sons, John and Henry, who were ineligible to succeed to the title.
On 19th February 1839 Lawrence Dundas 1st Earl Zetland (age 72) died suddenly at his home Aske Hall North Yorkshire. His son Thomas (age 44) succeeded 2nd Earl Zetland aka Shetland, 3rd Baron Dundas, 4th Baronet Dundas of Kerse.
On 19th February 1839 Alleyne Fitzherbert 1st Baron St Helens (age 85) died unmarried. Baron St Helens extinct.
On 19th February 1845 Thomas Fowell Buxton 1st Baronet (age 58) died. He was buried at St Martin's Church, Overstrand [Map]. His son Edward (age 32) succeeded 2nd Baronet Buxton of Belfield in Dorset. Catherine Gurney Lady Buxton (age 31) by marriage Lady Buxton of Belfield in Dorset.
On 19th February 1863 Thomas Charles Hanbury-Tracy 2nd Baron Sudeley (age 62) died. His son Sudeley (age 25) succeeded 3rd Baron Sudeley of Toddington in Gloucestershire.
On 19th February 1891 Frederick Lygon 6th Earl Beauchamp (age 60) died. His son William (age 18) succeeded 7th Earl Beauchamp, 7th Viscount Elmley of Worcestershire, 7th Baron Beauchamp Powick in Worcestershire.
Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
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On 19th February 1914 Henry Charles Manners-Sutton 4th Viscount Canterbury (age 74) died. His son Henry (age 35) succeeded 5th Viscount Canterbury of Canterbury, 5th Baron Bottesford of Bottesford in Leicestershire.
On 19th February 1923 Charlotte Louisa Rowley Baroness Hatherton (age 78) died.
On 19th February 1926 Francis Derwent Wood (age 54) died.
On 19th February 1940 Algernon Temple-Gore-Langton 5th Earl Temple of Stowe (age 68) died without issue. His nephew Chandos (age 30) succeeded 6th Earl Temple of Stowe.
On 19th February 1948 Agnes Beryl Spencer-Churchill Viscountess Cowdray (age 66) died.
On 19th February 1950 Reverend William Wolseley 11th Baronet (age 84) died. His second cousin once removed Garnet (age 34) succeeded 12th Baronet Wolseley of Mount Wolseley in County Carlow.
On 19th February 1957 Nigel Courtenay Musgrave 13th Baronet (age 61) died. His first cousin Charles (age 43) succeeded 14th Baronet Musgrave of Hartley Castle in Westmoreland.
On 19th February 1957 Elizabeth Evelyn Harbord Baroness Hastings (age 96) died.
On 19th February 1958 Robert John Aldborough Henniker 7th Baronet (age 69) died. His first cousin Mark (age 51) succeeded 8th Baronet Henniker of Newton Hall in Essex.
On 19th February 1963 John Henry Cole 5th Earl of Enniskillen (age 86) died. His nephew David (age 44) succeeded 6th Earl Enniskillen, 5th Baron Grinstead of Grinstead in Wiltshire.
The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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On 19th February 1966 Winifred Agnes Lloyd Viscountess Leverhulme (age 66) died. She was buried at Christ Church, Port Sunlight [Map].
Winifred Agnes Lloyd Viscountess Leverhulme: On 14th July 1899 she was born. On 20th January 1937 William Lever 2nd Viscount Leverhulme and she were married. She by marriage Viscountess Leverhulme of the Western Isles.
On 19th February 1967 Reverend Thomas Robert Heneage 3rd Baron Heneage (age 89) died. Baron Heneage of Hainton in Lincolnshire extinct.
On 19th February 1979 Robert George Grosvenor 5th Duke Westminster (age 68) died. His son Gerald (age 27) succeeded 6th Duke Westminster, 8th Marquess Westminster, 9th Earl Grosvenor, 15th Baronet Grosvenor of Eaton in Cheshire. Natalia Phillips Duchess of Westminster (age 19) by marriage Duchess Westminster.
On 19th February 1990 Frances Laura Charteris Duchess of Marlborough (age 74) died at Portland Towers Marylebone.
On 19th February 2008 Charles Finch-Knightley 11th Earl of Aylesford (age 89) died. His son Heneage (age 60) succeeded 12th Earl Aylesford.
On 19th February 2015 Edwyn Wren Hoskyns 17th Baronet (age 59) died. His son Robin (age 25) succeeded 18th Baronet Hoskyns of Harewood in Herefordshire.