Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke
Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.
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19 Sep is in September.
On 19th September 690 Archbishop Theodore of Tarsus (age 88) died.
On 19th September 1279 Archbishop William de Wickwane was consecrated Archbishop of York at Rome.
On 19th September 1356 the army of Edward "Black Prince" (age 26) defeated the French and Scottish army led by King John "The Good" II of France (age 37) at the Battle of Poitiers
King John "The Good" II of France was captured by three captains including Ivon aka John Fane.
The the English army included: Bernard Brocas (age 26), Thomas Felton (age 26), James Audley (age 38), Thomas Beauchamp 11th Earl Warwick (age 43), Bartholomew "The Younger" Burghesh 2nd Baron Burghesh (age 28), Reginald Cobham 1st Baron Cobham (age 61), Edward Despencer 1st Baron Despencer, Baron Burghesh (age 21), Ralph Ferrers (age 27), William Scrope (age 31), William Montagu 2nd Earl Salisbury (age 28), Walter Paveley 4th Baron Burghesh (age 37), Robert Ufford 1st Earl Suffolk (age 58), William Ufford 2nd Earl Suffolk (age 18), John de Vere 7th Earl of Oxford (age 44), John Willoughby 3rd Baron Willoughby (age 33), Thomas Arderne (age 19), Enion Sais Brecon, John Chandos (age 36), Richard Pembridge (age 36), Jean Grailly (age 25), Robert de Fouleshurst (age 26) and John Sully (age 73)
John Savile of Shelley and Golcar (age 31) probably fought having received letters of protection to travel overseas.
Hugh Courtenay 2nd or 10th Earl Devon (age 53) protected the baggage train.
The French and Scottish army included: King John "The Good" II of France, Philip "Bold" Valois II Duke Burgundy (age 14), Jean Bourbon I Count La Marche (age 12), Archibald "Grim" Douglas 3rd Earl Douglas (age 26), John "Sans Terre" Artois 1st Count of Eu (age 35); all captured.
Guichard d'Angle 1st Earl Huntingdon and William Douglas 1st Earl Douglas (age 33) fought.
Peter Bourbon Duke Bourbon (age 45) was killed. His son Louis (age 19) succeeded II Duke Bourbon.
Gauthier VI Comte de Brienne (age 54) was killed.
Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke [-1360]. [19th September 1356] Saying these things, he looked and saw that there was nearby, off to the side, a certain hill, encircled on the outside with hedges and ditches, but within divided up: for on one side it was pasture, thick with thickets there; on another side it was planted with vines; and on the rest it was sown with crops. On the ridge of the arable side, he perceived a camp of the French positioned. Between our forces and the hill lay a wide and deep valley along with a marsh, irrigated by a certain stream. At a rather narrow ford, the prince's troop, together with the wagons, crossed the stream and, after passing through the valley and over the hedges and ditches, occupied the hill. There, among the thickets, they were easily hidden by the natural defences of the location, standing above the enemy with the advantage of higher ground. The field in which our first and second lines were stationed was separated from the plain occupied by the French army by a long hedge with a ditch beneath it. One end of this hedge sloped down into the aforementioned marsh. The slope descending toward the marsh was held by the Earl of Warwick, commander and leader of the first line. In the upper part of the hedge, well removed from the slope, there was a certain wide gap or opening created by cart-drivers in autumn. At a distance of a stone's throw from that opening stood our third unit, commanded by the Earl of Salisbury. The enemy, seeing the prince's standard recently in plain view but beginning to move slowly and become hidden from their eyes by the hill's obstruction, believed that the prince was retreating. Douglas the Scot and the Marshal of Clermont1 protested that it was not so. Nevertheless, deceived by their own assumption, the Marshal pursued what he believed was the prince's flight, and with him came Douglas, desiring to earn the shining name of new knighthood. Clermont advanced as well, determined to redeem his sullied reputation for loyalty. These men had been assigned to the enemy's first line. As was customary, they were preceded by combatants intending to engage in mock combat. These were met by knights of our own, specifically appointed for jousting, who confronted them from beneath the slope where our first line had been stationed.
Talia dicens, prospexit quod erat e vicino lateraliter mons quidam sepibus et fossis ad extra redimitus, ad intra vero distinctus, quippe ex una parte pascuus et ibi dumis condensus, ex alia vero vineis consitus, et ex reliqua sacionalis; in cuius iugo sacionali coortem Francorum perpendit residere. Inter nostros et montem erant ampla profundaque vallis et mariscus, torrente quodam irriguus. Ad satis angustum vadum principis turma cum cariagiis torrentem preterivit, egressaque vallem trans sepes et fossas ocupavit collem, ubi inter virgulta faciliter occultabatur loci municione, hostibus altior incumbens. Campus, in quo residebant nostre prima secundaque custodia, distinguebatur a planicie quam ocupavit exercitus Francus sepe longa subterfossata, cuius alterum extremum declinavit in mariscum prefatum, Declivum marisco incumbentem tenuit comes Warewycensis, dux et moderator agminis primi. In superiori parte sepis, a declivo bene remota, fuit temesis quedam patula vel hyatus, quem bigarii fecerunt in autumpno, a quo remota iactu lapidis stetit nostra tercia turma, cui comes Saresburiensis presidebat. Hostes, videntes principis vexillum nuper manifestum set incipiens successive dimoveri obiectuque montis illorum oculis occultari, estimarunt principis fugam, reclamantibus Dowglas Scoto et marescallo de Claromonte non ita fore; set opinione sua deceptus marescallus Dawdenam, ut insequeretur principis fugam putativam, et cum illo Dowglas, ut promereretur nove milicie fulgidum nomen, set Claromontanus, ut expurgaret blasfematam fidelitatem, veementer progrediuntur; illis enim erat prima custodia deputata. Istos precesserunt, ut moris est, astiludiaturi, quibus de prima custodia nostra, sub declivo cui residerant, obviaverunt equites nostri ad hastiludia specialiter ordinati.
Note 1. Jean de Clermont, seigneur de Chantilly; marshal in 1352; lieutenant of Poitou in 1354; killed in this battle. Arnoul d'Audrehem, who became marshal in 1351, was one of the defenders of Calais in 1346-7; lieutenant of Picardy in 1355; taken prisoner in this battle, when he undertook not to fight against the English until ransomed; but was made prisoner again at Najara, and was in danger of being executed, but was acquitted by a jury of knights; died in 1370.
Froissart Book 5: 1356-1360. [19th September 1356] 388. You have above in this history heard much about the Battle of Crécy, and how fortune was most wondrously strange for the French. Likewise, at the Battle of Poitiers, it was very different and most cruel for them, and in some ways similar to that of Crécy; for at Poitiers, the French were seven men-at-arms to every one of the enemy. Now consider whether that was not a great misfortune for them, that they could not win the field against their enemies, despite their numbers. But to tell the truth, the Battle of Poitiers was much better fought than that of Crécy. The French had all kinds of men-at-arms, and more time and opportunity to observe and consider their enemies than they had at Crécy. For the Battle of Crécy began very late in the evening, without order or proper arrangement, whereas Poitiers began in the morning, at the hour of prime (around 6 a.m.), and under much better conditions, if only the French had taken advantage of it.
388. Vous avés ci dessus en ceste hystore bien oy parler de le bataille de Creci, et comment fortune fu moult mervilleuse pour les François: ossi à le bataille de Poitiers, elle fu moult diverse et très felenesse pour yaus, et auques parelle à ceste de Creci; car li François estoient bien gens d'armes sept contre un. Or regardés se ce ne fu mies grant infortuneté pour yaus, quant il ne peurent obtenir le place contre leurs ennemis. Mais au voir dire, la bataille de Poitiers fu trop mieulz combatue que ceste de Creci, et eurent toutes manières de gens d'armes, mieulz loisir de aviser et considerer leurs ennemis, que il n'euissent à Creci; car la ditte bataille de Creci commença au vespre tout tart, sans arroi et sans ordenance, et ceste de Poitiers matin, à heure 5de prime, et assés par bon couvenant, se eur y euist eu pour les François. Et y avinrent trop plus de biaus fais d'armes sans comparison que il ne fesissent à Creci, comment que tant de grans chiés de pays n'i furent mies mort, que il furent à Creci.
Chronicle of Henry Knighton. 19th September 1356. And they divided themselves into three battalions. The Earl of Warwick commanded the first battalion, and on the side of the French, the two Marshals of France commanded the first battalion. The second battalion was commanded by Lord Dauphin of Vienne, with his brother the Duke of Orléans, and it was the strongest. In the third battalion was the King of France, with 2,000 of the most select armed men in all France. Lord Geoffrey de Charny bore the red banner, which was the sign of death. The King of France issued an order that no Englishman was to be spared, except for the Prince himself. The Cardinals, before the battle, climbed up a certain hill nearby to watch the outcome of the battle. Now the first French battalion engaged with the Earl of Warwick, but was quickly subdued by the English archers. Marshal Clermont was killed, along with many others, as will be mentioned below. The Earl of Warwick pursued the fleeing enemies, killing some and capturing others. Meanwhile, the second French battalion arrived and joined battle with the Prince of Wales, fighting very fiercely through a hedge. The English became very weary due to the intensity of the combat, and their weapons were badly damaged. The fighting was so strong and hard that the archers, having run out of arrows, picked up stones, and with swords and lances, and whatever they could grab, they fought on. They defended themselves with clever and courageous hearts, and it is astonishing to tell. But finally, as God willed, the French took to flight. And while the English stood tired, catching their breath and hoping they had won victory over all their enemies, King John of France suddenly arrived with a huge force, leading a battalion against the Prince, who at that moment had only a few men with him, as the others were chasing the fleeing enemies. As the French began to engage the Prince's line, the Earl of Warwick returned from the pursuit with his full force, and attacked the flank of the French king's army, and fought bravely. And thus, by the grace of God and not by human strength, the victory was granted to the Prince, and he emerged victorious from the battle, capturing the King of France and his younger son Philip, the Count of Poitiers, and many other nobles.
Et diviserunt se in tres acies. Comes de Warwych habuit primam aciem et ex parte Francorum duo marescalli Franciæ habuerunt primam aciem. Secundam aciem dominus Dolfynus de Vienna cum fratre suo duce de Orlyons cum majori fortitudine. In tertia acie erat rex Francie cum IJ mille de electioribus armatis totius Franciæ. Dominus Galfridus Charneys bajulavit vexillum rubium quod erat mortis signiferum. Rex Franciæ edidit præceptum ne quis Anglicus vitæ reservaretur solo principe excepto. Cardinales ante prælium ascenderunt in quendam montem prope ut viderent eventum belli. Jam prima acies Franciæ congreditur cum comite Warwych, sed cito per sagittarios subpeditati sunt. Et Marescallus Clermont occisus est et multi alii ut infra dicetur Comes de Warwych insequebatur fugientes et quosdam occidit et quosdam cepit prisonarios. Medio tempore venit secunda acies Francorum et miscuerunt cum principe Walliæ, et pugnaverunt nimis! acriter infra unam sepem, et Anglici devenerunt multum lassi præ gravedine certaminis, et arma eorum nimis laceratn. Et tam fortis et dura extitit pugna quod sagittarii pra defectu sagittarum sustulerunt lapides, et cum gladiis et lanceis, et quicquid possent arripere pugnaverunt, et sic se corde sagaci mirabile dictu defenderunt; sed tandem sicut deus voluit Franci fugam arripuerunt, et dum Anglici starent lassi se refocillantes et sperantes victoriam reportasse de suis inimicis omnibus, supervenit Johannes rex Franciæ cum ingenti fortitudine aciem dirigens versus principem qui paucos ea hora secum habebat, quia laborabant super inimicos fugientes. Dum igitur ccepissent Franci aciem miscere supervenit comes de Warewych rediens de fugatione inimicorum cum integro exercitu suo, et opposuit se a latere exercitus regis Francim et strenue pugnaverunt, et sic per gratiam dei et non humana virtute victoria. cessit principi et prælii reportavit principatum, et rex captus est et filius ejus Philippus, junior, comes de Peyters et magnates plurimi.
. In the year of grace 1356, on the 19th day of September, King John of France went with a full 50,000 men towards Poitiers to fight the Prince of Wales, son of King Edward of England, who was in those parts with a full 7,000 men. And there took place a very bloody, very fierce, and most marvelous and perilous battle. In it, the King of France and his company were defeated. The said King of France was captured, along with his son Philip, Lord Jacques of Bourbon, the Count of Eu, the Count of Joinville and of Vaudémont, the Count of Joigny, the Count of Mont-Ventadour and of Montpensier, the Count of Longueville, the Count of Brose, the Count of Dammartin, the Count of Étampes, the chamberlain Count of Tancarville, and so many other knights and barons that the English were completely overwhelmed and troubled just to guard and keep them as prisoners. There were well 1,200 men-at-arms killed, both lords and knights and others. And there were as many as 800 captured, all of great renown.
En I'an de grâce mil IIIc et LVI, le XIXe jour de septembre, s'en alla le roy Jehan de France a tout bien L mil hommes vers Poitiers pour combatre le prince de Galles, fils du roy Edouart d'Engleterre, lequel prince estoit en ces marches-là tout bien VII mil hommes, et yllec eult très-crueuse, très-fière et très-mervilleuse et périlleuse bataille. Et y fut desconfit le roy de France et sa compaignie. Et y fut prins le dit roy de France, et avoec luy Philippe, son fils, monseigneur Jaques de Bourbon, le conte d'Eu, le conte de Jenville et do Waudymont, le conte de Jony, le conte de Mont-Ventadour et de Montpensier, le conte de Longueville, le conte de Brose, le conte de Dammartin, le conte d'Estampes, le conte cambrelens de Tancarville et tant daultres chevaliers et barcnnie que les Englecgs estoient tous ensonyés et empeschiés de les garder et tenir prisonniers. Et y eult bien ochis le nombre de XIIc hommes d'armes, que seigneurs et chevaliers, que aultres. Et s'y en y eult de prins bien le nombre de VIIIe, tous de renommée.
On 19th September 1377 Albert Habsburg IV Duke Austria was born to Albert "With the Pigtail" Habsburg III Duke Austria (age 28) and Beatrix Hohenzollern Duchess Austria (age 15). He married 24th April 1390 his third cousin Joanna Sophia Wittelsbach Duchess Austria, daughter of Albert Wittelsbach I Duke Lower Bavaria and Margaret of Silesia Duchesa Lowwer Bavaria, and had issue.
On 19th September 1399 Bonne Armagnac Duchess Orléans was born to Bernard VII Count Armagnac (age 36) and Bonne Valois Countess Armagnac and Savoy (age 34). Coefficient of inbreeding 6.48%. She married 1410 her second cousin Charles Valois Duke Orléans, son of Louis Valois I Duke Orléans and Valentina Visconti Duchess of Orleans.
Adam Murimuth's Continuation and Robert of Avesbury’s 'The Wonderful Deeds of King Edward III'
This volume brings together two of the most important contemporary chronicles for the reign of Edward III and the opening phases of the Hundred Years’ War. Written in Latin by English clerical observers, these texts provide a vivid and authoritative window into the political, diplomatic, and military history of fourteenth-century England and its continental ambitions. Adam Murimuth Continuatio's Chronicarum continues an earlier chronicle into the mid-fourteenth century, offering concise but valuable notices on royal policy, foreign relations, and ecclesiastical affairs. Its annalistic structure makes it especially useful for establishing chronology and tracing the development of events year by year. Complementing it, Robert of Avesbury’s De gestis mirabilibus regis Edwardi tertii is a rich documentary chronicle preserving letters, treaties, and official records alongside narrative passages. It is an indispensable source for understanding Edward III’s claim to the French crown, the conduct of war, and the mechanisms of medieval diplomacy. Together, these works offer scholars, students, and enthusiasts a reliable and unembellished account of a transformative period in English and European history. Essential for anyone interested in medieval chronicles, the Hundred Years’ War, or the reign of Edward III.
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On 19th September 1426 John Valois was born to Charles "Victorious" VII King France (age 23) and Marie Valois Anjou Queen Consort France (age 21). Coefficient of inbreeding 3.89%. He died aged less than one years old.
On 19th September 1457 Marie Valois Viscountess Narbonne was born to Charles Valois Duke Orléans (age 62) and Mary La Marck Duchess Orléans. Some sources say 19 Dec 1457. Coefficient of inbreeding 2.20%. She married 8th September 1476 her third cousin once removed Jean Foix Count Étampes, son of Gaston IV Count Foix and Eleanor Trastámara Queen Consort Navarre, and had issue.
On 19th September 1502 Mynour, the Inglis payntour (age 42) delivered four portraits of the English royal family to James IV of Scotland (age 29) at Stirling Castle [Map].
Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic Henry VIII 1517. 19th September 1517. R.O. 3692. SPINELLY to HENRY VIII.
The King Catholic arrived this morning on the coast of Biscay, but has not yet decided where to land, as the sickness is raging. A ship was burnt between Dovor and Wynselse, containing the King's horses and apparel, commanded by a Burgundian named Mont Richard. No help could be given. On the third day reached Usent with a strong wind from the S.E., when they deliberated about going to Plymouth. Since then they have been becalmed. At sea at the Sell, 19 Sept. 1517. Signed.
Pp. 2. Add.
On 19th September 1522 Bishop George Day (age 21) became a Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge University [Map].
On 19th September 1551 Henry III King France was born to King Henry II of France (age 32) and Catherine Medici Queen Consort France (age 32). He married 14th February 1575 his fourth cousin Louise Lorraine Queen Consort France.
Henry Machyn's Diary. 19th September 1556. The xix day of September dyd the Quene('s) (age 40) grace remove from Croydun the bysshope of Canthurbere('s) plasse unto sant James in the feld be-yond Charyng-crosse, her own plasse, with my lord cardenall (age 56) and (unfinished).
Note. P. 114. The Queen's return from Croydon. "Item, payde for ryngyng of the belles at the cumyng of the queenes majestie from Croydyn to Westminster the xxjth of September iiijd." This entry, from the accounts of St. Margaret's Westminster, differs two days from our Diarist.
Henry Machyn's Diary. 19th September 1557. The xix day of September cam a commondement downe to all parryche(s) in London that they shuld go in prossessyon at Powlles, and Te Deum laudamus songe; all the chyrches in London to synge, and rynge for wynnynge of Perro [Note. Assumed to be a reference to John Perrot (age 28) who fought at the Battle of St Quentin] in Franse and odur plasses.
On 19th September 1572 Barbara Habsburg Spain Duchess Ferrara (age 33) died.
On 19th September 1580 Catherine Willoughby Duchess Suffolk (age 61) died. Her son Peregrine (age 24) succeeded 13th Baron Willoughby de Eresby. Mary Vere Baroness Willoughby of Eresby by marriage Baroness Willoughby de Eresby.
She was buried at St James' Church, Spilsby [Map] with her second husband Richard Bertie Baron Willoughby (age 63). Elizabethan Period. Sideboard Tomb. Cornice supported by three figures of a monk and two wildmen, each holding aloft a shield of arms. In the frieze are flowers, fruit and escutcheons.
Mary Vere Baroness Willoughby of Eresby: she was born to John de Vere 16th Earl of Oxford and Margery Golding Countess of Oxford. On 25th December 1577 Peregrine Bertie 13th Baron Willoughby and she were married. She the daughter of John de Vere 16th Earl of Oxford and Margery Golding Countess of Oxford. He the son of Richard Bertie Baron Willoughby and Catherine Willoughby Duchess Suffolk. Around 24th June 1624 Mary Vere Baroness Willoughby of Eresby died.
On 19th September 1581 Frans Pourbus the Elder (age 36) died.
On 19th September 1600 John Frederick Wettin was born to Johann Wettin II Duke Saxe Weimar (age 30) and Dorothea Maria Anhalt at Altenburg.
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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Illustrations of British History Volume 3. CCCXI. The Earl of Worcester (age 52) to the Earl of Shrewsbury. 19th September 1602.
Nobl Lord, I pave receyved youer Second letter, which came to my hands, being sent from my howse; but the messenger I cowld not learne, otherwyse I wold have written by the same; so that my letter nowe take his fortune.
This day yt is reported that Grave is wone, and delyvered by composition: The particulers I cannot advertes; neyther whether yt bee trewe or no; but youe in the contrey must take yt for good what soever wee wryght owt of Cowrt. It is lykewyse reported that the engynes of fagots wch the Archduke had made at Ostend are all defeated but one, and ys thowght that one wyll not long continew: The towne howlds owt yet, and wyll doe; but the plage dothe somwhat trobl them. It is sayd there hathe been an offer of peace from the Duke and his wyf to the Unyted Provinces; that yf they wyll acknowledge them as theyr Lords, he wyll wthdrawe all the Spanishe forces owt of the contrey, and himself and his wyf wyll lyve in the Dukedome of Burgundy: This take wth the rest, and believe as youe lyst. The King of Spayne hathe fayled of his purpose at Algeres once more: I pray God wee heere not the sooner from him in Ierland. The traytor there is almost driven owt: i beleve this winter wyll make an end of that warre.
Wee are frolyke heare in Cowrt; mutche dawncing in the privi chamber of contrey dawnces before the Q. M. whoe is exceedingly pleased therwth: Irishe tunes are at this tyme most pleasing, but in wynter, Lullaby, an owld song of M Bird's,1 wylbee more in re- quest, as I think. And soe, wih my hartiest remembrance to my honorable Lady, I wyll ever rest
Youer Lo.; affectionate to comand,
E. WORCESTER.
Note 1. William Bird, an organist of the chapel royal in this and the following reign. Several of his compositions were published; the most considerable of which, entitled Gradualia, seu Cantionum Sacrarum, quarum aliæ ad quatuor, aliæ vero ad quinque et seæ Voces, editæ sunt, was printed at London in 1610, in six volumes quarto. He was likewise author, says Wood, of several divine services and anthems in English; of a most admired composition in forty parts, long since lost; and, with the assistance of two others, of a collection of twenty lessons, called Parthenia, or the Maidenhead of the first Musick that ever was Printed for the V n.
On 19th September 1610 Frederick Palatinate Simmern V Elector Palatine Rhine (age 14) was elected V Elector Palatine Rhine.
On 19th September 1610 Frederick IV Elector Palatine (age 36) died.
On 19th September 1628 Anne Leighton died in childbirth.
John Evelyn's Diary. 19th September 1655. Came to see me Sir Edward Hales (age 29), Mr. Ashmole (age 38), Mr. Harlakenton, and Mr. Thornhill: and, the next day, I visited Sir Henry Newton at Charlton, where I met the Earl of Winchelsea (age 27) and Baroness Beauchamp (age 25), daughter to the Lord Capel.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 19th September 1660. Office Day. I put on my mourning and went to the office. At noon thinking to have found my wife in hers, I found that the tailor had failed her, at which I was vexed because of an invitation that we have to a dinner this day, but after having waited till past one o'clock I went, and left her to put on some other clothes and come after me to the Mitre tavern in Wood-street (a house of the greatest note in London), where I met W. Symons, and D. Scobell, and their wives, Mr. Samford, Luellin, Chetwind, one Mr. Vivion, and Mr. White1, formerly chaplin to the Lady Protectresse (age 62)2 (and still so, and one they say that is likely to get my Lady Francess (age 22) for his wife). Here we were very merry and had a very good dinner, my wife coming after me hither to us.
Note 1. According to Noble, Jeremiah White married Lady Frances Cromwell's waiting-woman, in Oliver's lifetime, and they lived together fifty years. Lady Frances had two husbands, Mr. Robert Rich and Sir John Russell of Chippenham (age 20), the last of whom she survived fifty-two years dying 1721-22 The story is, that Oliver found White on his knees to Frances Cromwell, and that, to save himself, he pretended to have been soliciting her interest with her waiting-woman, whom Oliver compelled him to marry. (Noble's "Life of Cromwell", vol. ii. pp. 151, 152.) White was born in 1629 and died 1707.
Note 2. Elizabeth, wife of Oliver Cromwell.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 19th September 1664. Sir G. Carteret (age 54) tells me this afternoon that the Dutch are not yet ready to set out; and by that means do lose a good wind which would carry them out and keep us in, and moreover he says that they begin to boggle in the business, and he thinks may offer terms of peace for all this, and seems to argue that it will be well for the King (age 34) too, and I pray God send it. Colonell Reames (age 50) did, among other things, this day tell me how it is clear that, if my Lord Tiviott had lived, he would have quite undone Tangier [Map], or designed himself to be master of it. He did put the King upon most great, chargeable, and unnecessary works there, and took the course industriously to deter, all other merchants but himself to deal there, and to make both King and all others pay what he pleased for all that was brought thither.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 19th September 1664. Up, my wife and I having a little anger about her woman already, she thinking that I take too much care of her at table to mind her (my wife) of cutting for her, but it soon over, and so up and with Sir W. Batten (age 63) and Sir W. Pen (age 43) to St. James's, and there did our business with the Duke (age 30), and thence homeward straight, calling at the Coffee-house, and there had very good discourse with Sir--Blunt and Dr. Whistler about Egypt and other things.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 19th September 1664. So by coach home and to my office, where late, and so to supper and to bed. I met with James Pearce Surgeon to-day, who, speaking of Dr. Frazier's (age 54) being so earnest to have such a one (one Collins) go chyrurgeon to the Prince's (age 44) person will have him go in his terms and with so much money put into his hands, he tells me (when I was wondering that Frazier should order things with the Prince in that confident manner) that Frazier is so great with my Baroness Castlemayne (age 23), and Stewart (age 17), and all the ladies at Court, in helping to slip their calfes when there is occasion, and with the great men in curing of their claps that he can do what he please with the King (age 34), in spite of any man, and upon the same score with the Prince; they all having more or less occasion to make use of him.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 19th September 1666. Thence to White Hall, with Sir W. Batten (age 65) and Sir W. Pen (age 45), to Wilkes's; and there did hear the many profane stories of Sir Henry Wood (age 68) damning the parsons for so much spending the wine at the sacrament, cursing that ever they took the cup to themselves, and then another story that he valued not all the world's curses, for two pence he shall get at any time the prayers of some poor body that is worth a 1000 of all their curses; Lord Norwich drawing a tooth at a health. Another time, he and Pinchbacke and Dr. Goffe, now a religious man, Pinchbacke did begin a frolick to drink out of a glass with a toad in it that he had taken up going out to shit, he did it without harm. Goffe, who knew sacke would kill the toad, called for sacke; and when he saw it dead, says he, "I will have a quick toad, and will not drink from a dead toad".1 By that means, no other being to be found, he escaped the health.
Note 1. "They swallow their own contradictions as easily as a hector can drink a frog in a glass of wine".-Benlivoglio and Urania, book v., p. 92, 3rd edit. B.
Calendar of State Papers Charles II 19 Sep 1666. 19th September 1666. Whitehall. 45. Order in Council for the printing and publishing a declaration of war against Denmark. [Printed.] Annexing: 45. 1. "A true deduction of all transactions between His Majesty of Great Britain and the King of Denmark (age 57), with a declaration of war against the said King, and the motives that obliged His Majesty thereunto." [22 pages, printed.]
John Evelyn's Diary. 19th September 1667. This done 21st, I accompanied Mr. Howard (age 39) to his villa at Albury, where I designed for him the plot of his canal and garden, with a crypt through the hill.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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John Evelyn's Diary. 19th September 1667. To London, with Mr. Henry Howard (age 39), of Norfolk, of whom I obtained the gift of his Arundelian marbles, those celebrated and famous inscriptions, Greek and Latin, gathered with so much cost and industry from Greece, by his illustrious grandfather, the magnificent Earl of Arundel, my noble friend while he lived. When I saw these precious. Monuments miserably neglected, and scattered up and down about the garden, and other parts of Arundel House [Map], and how exceedingly the corrosive air of London impaired them, I procured him to bestow them on the University of Oxford. This he was pleased to grant me; and now gave me the key of the gallery, with leave to mark all those stones, urns, altars, etc., and whatever I found had inscriptions on them, that were not statues. This I did; and getting them removed and piled together, with those which were incrusted in the garden walls, I sent immediately letters to the Vice-Chancellor of what I had procured, and that if they esteemed it a service to the University (of which I had been a member), they should take order for their transportation.
John Evelyn's Diary. 19th September 1676. To Lambeth, Surrey [Map], to that rare magazine of marble, to take order for chimney-pieces, etc., for Mr. Godolphin's (age 31) house. The owner of the works had built for himself a pretty dwelling house; this Dutchman had contracted with the Genoese for all their marble. We also saw the Duke of Buckingham's (age 48) glasswork, where they made huge vases of metal as clear, ponderous, and thick as crystal; also looking-glasses far larger and better than any that come from Venice [Map].
John Evelyn's Diary. 19th September 1679. My Lord Sunderland (age 38), one of the principal Secretaries of State, invited me to dinner, where was the King's (age 49) natural son, the Earl of Plymouth (age 22), the Earl of Shrewsbury (age 19), Earl of Essex (age 47), Earl of Mulgrave (age 31), Mr. Hyde, and Mr. Godolphin (age 34). After dinner I went to prayers at Eton College [Map], and visited Mr. Henry Godolphin (age 31), fellow there, and Dr. Craddock.
On 19th September 1771 Archbishop John Moore (age 41) was appointed Dean of Canterbury.
After 19th September 1772. All Saints Church, Spelsbury [Map]. Monument to George Henry Lee 3rd Earl Lichfield (deceased) and Dinah Frankland Countess Lichfield (age 53) sculpted by William Tyler (age 44).
George Henry Lee 3rd Earl Lichfield: On 21st May 1718 he was born to George Henry Lee 2nd Earl Lichfield and Frances Hales Countess Lichfield at Windsor Castle [Map]. He a great grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. On 15th February 1743 George Henry Lee 2nd Earl Lichfield died at Spelsbury, Oxfordshire. His son George succeeded 3rd Earl Lichfield, 7th Baronet Lee of Quarrendon in Buckinghamshire. Dinah Frankland Countess Lichfield by marriage Countess Lichfield. On 16th January 1745 George Henry Lee 3rd Earl Lichfield and Dinah Frankland Countess Lichfield were married. He the son of George Henry Lee 2nd Earl Lichfield and Frances Hales Countess Lichfield. On 19th September 1772 George Henry Lee 3rd Earl Lichfield died. His uncle Robert succeeded 4th Earl Lichfield, 8th Baronet Lee of Quarrendon in Buckinghamshire.
Dinah Frankland Countess Lichfield: In 1719 she was born to Thomas Frankland 3rd Baronet and Dinah Topham Lady Thirkleby. On 8th January 1779 Dinah Frankland Countess Lichfield died.
On 19th September 1777 Captain George Marlay (age 29) fought at the Battle of Freeman's Farm.
On 19th September 1796 Hartley Coleridge was born to Samuel Taylor Coleridge (age 23). He was named after David Hartley about whom his father wrote in Religious Musings: "Hartley, of Mortal kind Wisest, he first who marked the ideal tribes Down the fine fibres, from the sentient brain Roll subtly surging."
Thomas Bateman 1846. On the 19th of September, 1846, was opened a small barrow [Map] [Note. Narrowdale Barrow [Map]] upon the summit of Narrow-dale Hill, near Alstonefield, Staffordshire. It was not more than eighteen inches higher than the surface of the hill; in the centre, inverted over a deposit of burnt bones, was a large unornamented urn, which rested upon a large stone level with the rock; a flint spear of primitive form was deposited along with the bones beneath the urn. The large stone being removed was found to be the cover of a cist cut down in the rock and filled with soil; on displacing which, another deposit of calcined bones, containing a small piece of burnt flint was found heaped up on the floor of the cist; at one comer of this vault stood a neatly-ornamented urn in perfect condition. On the Alstonefield side of the tnmulus a neat little cist was found; which was made of four flat limestones set on edge to form the sides, and a fifth to serve as a floor, on which lay a heap of burnt bones, which had originally been protected by an urn, now entirely disintegrated by atmospheric changes, its near proximity to the surface having subjected it to their influence. Amongst the heap of bones were a neat arrow-head of flint, a bone button or ornament perforated with three holes for attachment to the dress, and a piece of stag's horn; in this barrow were many rats' bones, and a few bones of a human skeleton which had not undergone combustion.
On 19th September 1847 Algernon Charles Gordon-Lennox was born to Charles Gordon-Lennox 6th Duke Richmond (age 29) and Frances Harriett Greville Duchess Richmond (age 23). He married 31st August 1886 Blanche Maynard and had issue.
On 19th September 1855 Marguerite de Rothschild Duchess Gramont was born to Mayer Carl Freiherr von Rothschild (age 35) and Louise de Rothschild (age 35). Coefficient of inbreeding 3.12%. She married 10th December 1878 Antoine Alfred Agénor de Gramont 11th Duc de Gramont, son of Agénor 10th Duc de Gramont, and had issue.
On 19th September 1857 George Millais was born to John Everett Millais 1st Baronet (age 28) and Euphemia "Effie" Gray Lady Millais (age 29) at Bowerswell House, Kinnoul [Map].
On 19th September 1887 Sibyl Marcia Graham Baroness Houghton (age 30) died suddenly. Monument at St Bertoline's Church, Barthomley [Map] sculpted by Joseph Boehm (age 53).
Sibyl Marcia Graham Baroness Houghton: On 23rd June 1857 she was born to Frederick Ulric Graham 3rd Baronet and Jane Hermione Seymour Lady Graham. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.57%. On 3rd June 1880 Robert Offley Ashburton Crewe Milnes 1st Marquess of Crewe and she were married. On 11th August 1885 Robert Moncton Milnes 1st Baron Houghton died. His son Robert succeeded 2nd Baron Houghton of Great Houghton in the West Riding of Yorkshire. She by marriage Baroness Houghton of Great Houghton in the West Riding of Yorkshire.
On 19th September 1910 Archbishop William Dalrymple Maclagan (age 84) died.
On 19th September 1914 Keomi aka Keytumas Gray (age 73) died at Gorleston on Sea, Norfolk [Map]. She was buried at the Old Cemetery, Gorleston on Sea [Map].
Photos by Adam from Find a Grave.
Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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On 19th September 1914 William Amherst Cecil (age 28) was killed in action at the Battle of Aisne. He was buried at Soupir Communal Cemetery.
On 19th September 1924 Lieutenant-General Reginald Pole-Carew (age 75) died. He was buried at St James' Church, Antony [Map].
Lieutenant-General Reginald Pole-Carew: On 1st May 1849 he was born to William Henry Pole-Carew. On 19th February 1901 Lieutenant-General Reginald Pole-Carew and Beatrice Butler were married. The difference in their ages was 27 years. She the daughter of James Butler 3rd Marquess Ormonde and Elizabeth Harriet Grosvenor Marchioness Ormonde.
On 19th September 1929 Charles Gordon-Lennox 10th Duke of Richmond and Lennox 5th Duke of Gordon was born to Frederick Charles Gordon-Lennox 9th Duke of Richmond and Lennox 4th Duke of Gordon (age 25).
On 19th September 1934 Charles De Vere Beauclerk 11th Duke St Albans (age 64) died. His half brother Osborne (age 59) succeeded 12th Duke St Albans, 12th Earl Burford, 12th Baron Heddington, 9th Baron Vere of Hanworth in Middlesex. Beatrix Petty-Fitzmaurice Duchess St Albans (age 57) by marriage Duchess St Albans.
On 19th September 1941 John Bowes-Lyon (age 31) was killed in action.
After 19th September 1951. Church of St Michael and All Angels, Edenham [Map]. Monument to Gilbert Heathcote-Willoughby-Drummond 2nd Earl Ancaster (deceased).
On 19th September 2012 Elizabeth Diana Montagu-Douglas-Scott Duchess Northumberland (age 90) died.
On 19th September 1377 Albert Habsburg IV Duke Austria was born to Albert "With the Pigtail" Habsburg III Duke Austria (age 28) and Beatrix Hohenzollern Duchess Austria (age 15). He married 24th April 1390 his third cousin Joanna Sophia Wittelsbach Duchess Austria, daughter of Albert Wittelsbach I Duke Lower Bavaria and Margaret of Silesia Duchesa Lowwer Bavaria, and had issue.
On 19th September 1399 Bonne Armagnac Duchess Orléans was born to Bernard VII Count Armagnac (age 36) and Bonne Valois Countess Armagnac and Savoy (age 34). Coefficient of inbreeding 6.48%. She married 1410 her second cousin Charles Valois Duke Orléans, son of Louis Valois I Duke Orléans and Valentina Visconti Duchess of Orleans.
On 19th September 1426 John Valois was born to Charles "Victorious" VII King France (age 23) and Marie Valois Anjou Queen Consort France (age 21). Coefficient of inbreeding 3.89%. He died aged less than one years old.
This is a translation of the 'Memoires of Jacques du Clercq', published in 1823 in two volumes, edited by Frederic, Baron de Reissenberg. In his introduction Reissenberg writes: 'Jacques du Clercq tells us that he was born in 1424, and that he was a licentiate in law and a counsellor to Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, in the castellany of Douai, Lille, and Orchies. It appears that he established his residence at Arras. In 1446, he married the daughter of Baldwin de la Lacherie, a gentleman who lived in Lille. We read in the fifth book of his Memoirs that his father, also named Jacques du Clercq, had married a lady of the Le Camelin family, from Compiègne. His ancestors, always attached to the counts of Flanders, had constantly served them, whether in their councils or in their armies.' The Memoires cover a period of nineteen years beginning in in 1448, ending in in 1467. It appears that the author had intended to extend the Memoirs beyond that date; no doubt illness or death prevented him from carrying out this plan. As Reissenberg writes the 'merit of this work lies in the simplicity of its narrative, in its tone of good faith, and in a certain air of frankness which naturally wins the reader’s confidence.' Du Clercq ranges from events of national and international importance, including events of the Wars of the Roses in England, to simple, everyday local events such as marriages, robberies, murders, trials and deaths, including that of his own father in Book 5; one of his last entries.
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On 19th September 1457 Marie Valois Viscountess Narbonne was born to Charles Valois Duke Orléans (age 62) and Mary La Marck Duchess Orléans. Some sources say 19 Dec 1457. Coefficient of inbreeding 2.20%. She married 8th September 1476 her third cousin once removed Jean Foix Count Étampes, son of Gaston IV Count Foix and Eleanor Trastámara Queen Consort Navarre, and had issue.
On 19th September 1551 Henry III King France was born to King Henry II of France (age 32) and Catherine Medici Queen Consort France (age 32). He married 14th February 1575 his fourth cousin Louise Lorraine Queen Consort France.
On 19th September 1587 Bishop Robert Sanderson was born. He married 1620 Ann Nelson.
On 19th September 1600 John Frederick Wettin was born to Johann Wettin II Duke Saxe Weimar (age 30) and Dorothea Maria Anhalt at Altenburg.
On 19th September 1639 James Douglas 1st Baronet was born to William Douglas and Agnes d George Fawside. He married his first cousin Catherine Douglas Lady Kelhead, daughter of James Douglas 2nd Earl Queensberry and Margaret Stewart Countess Queensberry, and had issue.
On 19th September 1677 Brian Broughton 3rd Baronet was born to Thomas Broughton 2nd Baronet (age 27) and Rhoda Amcotts Lady Broughton (age 23) at Beaudesert House, Staffordshire. He married 10th February 1710 Elizabeth Delves, daughter of Thomas Delves 4th Baronet and Jane Knightley, and had issue.
On 19th September 1705 William Craven 5th Baron Craven was born to John Craven.
On 19th September 1729 Cornwallis Maude 1st Viscount Hawarden was born to Robert Maude 1st Baronet (age 52). He married (1) 8th August 1756 Letitia Vernon and had issue (2) 10th June 1766 Mary Allen and had issue (3) 3rd June 1777 Anne Isabella Monck Viscountess Hawarden and had issue.
On 19th September 1731 Robert Mead Wilmot 2nd Baronet was born to Edward Wilmot 1st Baronet (age 37) and Sarah Mead. He married 27th May 1758 Mary Woolett and had issue.
On 19th September 1738 George Douglas was born to James Douglas 14th Earl Morton (age 36) and Agatha Halyburton. He died aged five in 1744.
On 19th September 1747 James Archibald Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie was born to John Stuart 3rd Earl Bute (age 34) and Mary Wortley-Montagu Countess Bute (age 29). He married 8th June 1767 Margaret Cunynghame and had issue.
Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.
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On 19th September 1751 George Pitt 2nd Baron Rivers was born to George Pitt 1st Baron Rivers (age 30) and Penelope Atkins at Angers [Map].
On 19th September 1768 Catherine Southwell was born to Edward Southwell 20th Baron Clifford (age 30). She married 13th November 1790 George Kein Hayward Coussmaker and had issue.
On 19th September 1772 Mary Fane was born to John Fane 9th Earl of Westmoreland (age 44) and Susan Gordon Countess of Westmoreland (age 20). She married before 5th June 1794 George Fludyer, son of Samuel Fludyer 1st Baronet and Caroline Brudenell Lady Fludyer, and had issue.
On 19th September 1774 Coulson Wallop was born to John Wallop 2nd Earl Portsmouth (age 32) and Urania Fellowes (age 32). He married 2nd April 1802 Catherine Townley Keatinge.
On 19th September 1778 Henry Brougham 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux was born to Henry Brougham (age 36) in Edinburgh. He married 1st April 1819 Mary Eden Baroness Brougham and Vaux.
On 19th September 1787 Patience Christian Carpenter Lady Trelawny was born. She married 24th August 1807 William Lewis Trelawny aka Salusbury-Trelawny 8th Baronet, son of Harry Trelawny 7th Baronet and Anne Brown Lady Trelawny, and had issue.
On 19th September 1791 Robert Henry Herbert 12th Earl Pembroke 9th Earl Montgomery was born to George Augustus Herbert 11th Earl Pembroke 8th Earl Montgomery (age 32) and Elisabeth Beauclerk (age 25). He a great x 3 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.26%.
On 19th September 1796 Hartley Coleridge was born to Samuel Taylor Coleridge (age 23). He was named after David Hartley about whom his father wrote in Religious Musings: "Hartley, of Mortal kind Wisest, he first who marked the ideal tribes Down the fine fibres, from the sentient brain Roll subtly surging."
On 19th September 1802 Hugh Francis Tollemache was born to William Manners aka Tollemache 1st Baronet (age 36) and Catherine Rebecca Gray Lady Manners (age 36) at Petersham, Surrey.
On 19th September 1804 Hungerford Hoskyns 8th Baronet was born to Hungerford Hoskyns 7th Baronet (age 28).
On 19th September 1828 Pauline Menzies Belli Lady Beaumont was born. She married before 4th June 1851 George Howland Beaumont 9th Baronet, son of George Howland Willoughby Beaumont 8th Baronet, and had issue.
On 19th September 1847 Algernon Charles Gordon-Lennox was born to Charles Gordon-Lennox 6th Duke Richmond (age 29) and Frances Harriett Greville Duchess Richmond (age 23). He married 31st August 1886 Blanche Maynard and had issue.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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On 19th September 1848 Anthony Charles Abdy 3rd Baronet was born to Thomas Neville Abdy 1st Baronet (age 37) and Harriet Alston. He married 11th November 1886 Alexandrina Victoria Macdonald and had issue.
On 19th September 1850 Frances Vane-Tempest was born to George Henry Vane-Tempest 5th Marquess Londonderry (age 29) and Mary Cornelia Edwards Marchioness Londonderry (age 21).
On 19th September 1851 William Lever 1st Viscount Leverhulme was born to James Lever (age 41) and Eliza Hesketh (age 29). He married 17th April 1874 Elizabeth Ellen Hulme Lady Lever and had issue.
On 19th September 1855 Marguerite de Rothschild Duchess Gramont was born to Mayer Carl Freiherr von Rothschild (age 35) and Louise de Rothschild (age 35). Coefficient of inbreeding 3.12%. She married 10th December 1878 Antoine Alfred Agénor de Gramont 11th Duc de Gramont, son of Agénor 10th Duc de Gramont, and had issue.
On 19th September 1857 George Millais was born to John Everett Millais 1st Baronet (age 28) and Euphemia "Effie" Gray Lady Millais (age 29) at Bowerswell House, Kinnoul [Map].
On 19th September 1875 Major Hugh Danway was born to Major-General Hugh Richard Dawnay 8th Viscount Downe (age 31) and Cecilia Maria Charlotte Molyneux. He married 28th April 1902 Susan de la Poer Beresford, daughter of John Beresford 5th Marquess Waterford and Blanche Somerset Marchioness of Waterford, and had issue.
On 19th September 1882 Henry Cecil Vane was born to Henry de Vere Vane 9th Baron Barnard (age 28) and Catherine Sarah Cecil Baroness Barnard (age 21). He married 25th August 1914 Enid Victoria Rachel Fane, daughter of Anthony Fane 13th Earl of Westmoreland.
On 19th September 1916 Rowland Winn 4th Baron St Oswald was born to Rowland George Winn 3rd Baron St Oswald (age 23) and Evie Carew Greene.
On 19th September 1929 Charles Gordon-Lennox 10th Duke of Richmond and Lennox 5th Duke of Gordon was born to Frederick Charles Gordon-Lennox 9th Duke of Richmond and Lennox 4th Duke of Gordon (age 25).
On 19th September 1968 Ivor Mervyn Vigors Guest 4th Viscount Wimborne was born to Ivor Fox-Strangways Guest 3rd Viscount Wimborne (age 28).
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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On 19th September 1576 Edward Seymour 1st Baronet (age 13) and Elizabeth Champernowne Baroness Seymour were married.
On 19th September 1577 Thomas Bishopp 1st Baronet (age 24) and Anne Cromer were married.
On 19th September 1678 Charles "Don Carlo" Fitzcharles 1st Earl Plymouth (age 21) and Bridget Osborne Countess Plymouth were married in Wimbledon, Surrey. She by marriage Countess Plymouth. She the daughter of Thomas Osborne 1st Duke Leeds (age 46) and Bridget Bertie Duchess Leeds (age 49). He the illegitmate son of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 48) and Catherine Pegge (age 43).
On 19th September 1699 John Molesworth 3rd Baronet (age 31) and Jane Arscott Lady Molesworth (age 21) were married.
On 19th September 1820 Andrew Vincent Corbet 2nd Baronet (age 20) and Rachel Hill (age 21) were married.
On 19th September 1843 John Butler 2nd Marquess Ormonde (age 35) and Frances Paget Marchioness Ormonde (age 26) were married. She by marriage Marchioness Ormonde. He the son of James Wandesford Butler 1st Marquess Ormonde and Grace Louisa Staples Marchioness Ormonde.
On 19th September 1850 Charles Strickland 8th Baronet (age 31) and Georgina Selina Septima Milner (age 34) were married.
On 19th September 1867 William Edwardes 4th and 1st Baron Kensington (age 32) and Grace Elizabeth Johnstone-Douglas Baroness Kensington were married.
On 19th September 1872 Victor Albert George Child-Villiers 7th Earl Jersey (age 27) and Margaret Elizabeth Leigh Countess Jersey (age 22) were married. She by marriage Countess Jersey. He the son of George Child-Villiers 6th Earl Jersey and Julia Peel Countess Jersey. They were half fourth cousins.
On 19th September 1882 Thomas Grove 1st Baronet (age 58) and Frances Hinton Northcote were married.
On 19th September 1922 Bishop Percy Herbert (age 37) and Elaine Letitia Algitha Orde-Powlett (age 27) were married.
The True Chronicles of Jean le Bel Volume 1 Chapters 1-60 1307-1342
The True Chronicles of Jean le Bel offer one of the most vivid and immediate accounts of 14th-century Europe, written by a knight who lived through the events he describes, and experienced some of them first hand. Covering the early decades of the Hundred Years’ War, this remarkable chronicle follows the campaigns of Edward III of England, the politics of France and the Low Countries, and the shifting alliances that shaped medieval warfare. Unlike later historians, Jean le Bel writes with a strong sense of eyewitness authenticity, drawing on personal experience and the testimony of fellow soldiers. His narrative captures not only battles and sieges, but also the realities of military life, diplomacy, and the ideals of chivalry that governed noble society. A key source for Jean Froissart, Le Bel’s chronicle stands on its own as a compelling and insightful work, at once historical record and literary achievement. This translation builds on the 1905 edition published in French by Jules Viard, adding extensive translations from other sources Rymer's Fœdera, the Chronicles of Adam Murimuth, William Nangis, Walter of Guisborough, a Bourgeois of Valenciennes, Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke and Richard Lescot to enrich the original text and Viard's notes.
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On 19th September 1945 Arthur Grey Hazlerigg 2nd Baron Hazlerigg (age 35) and Patricia Pullar Baroness hazlerigg were married.
On 19th September 690 Archbishop Theodore of Tarsus (age 88) died.
On 19th September 993 Arnulf Gerulfing Count Holland (age 43) died. His son Dirk succeeded III Count Holland.
On 19th September 1212, possibly 20th, possibly 1213, Catherine Countess Blois and Clermont en Beauvaisis died.
On 19th September 1356 the army of Edward "Black Prince" (age 26) defeated the French and Scottish army led by King John "The Good" II of France (age 37) at the Battle of Poitiers
King John "The Good" II of France was captured by three captains including Ivon aka John Fane.
The the English army included: Bernard Brocas (age 26), Thomas Felton (age 26), James Audley (age 38), Thomas Beauchamp 11th Earl Warwick (age 43), Bartholomew "The Younger" Burghesh 2nd Baron Burghesh (age 28), Reginald Cobham 1st Baron Cobham (age 61), Edward Despencer 1st Baron Despencer, Baron Burghesh (age 21), Ralph Ferrers (age 27), William Scrope (age 31), William Montagu 2nd Earl Salisbury (age 28), Walter Paveley 4th Baron Burghesh (age 37), Robert Ufford 1st Earl Suffolk (age 58), William Ufford 2nd Earl Suffolk (age 18), John de Vere 7th Earl of Oxford (age 44), John Willoughby 3rd Baron Willoughby (age 33), Thomas Arderne (age 19), Enion Sais Brecon, John Chandos (age 36), Richard Pembridge (age 36), Jean Grailly (age 25), Robert de Fouleshurst (age 26) and John Sully (age 73)
John Savile of Shelley and Golcar (age 31) probably fought having received letters of protection to travel overseas.
Hugh Courtenay 2nd or 10th Earl Devon (age 53) protected the baggage train.
The French and Scottish army included: King John "The Good" II of France, Philip "Bold" Valois II Duke Burgundy (age 14), Jean Bourbon I Count La Marche (age 12), Archibald "Grim" Douglas 3rd Earl Douglas (age 26), John "Sans Terre" Artois 1st Count of Eu (age 35); all captured.
Guichard d'Angle 1st Earl Huntingdon and William Douglas 1st Earl Douglas (age 33) fought.
Peter Bourbon Duke Bourbon (age 45) was killed. His son Louis (age 19) succeeded II Duke Bourbon.
Gauthier VI Comte de Brienne (age 54) was killed.
On 19th September 1534 Thomas Berkeley 6th Baron Berkeley (age 29) died at Stone, Aylesbury. He was buried at St John the Baptist Church, Stone. On 26th November 1534 His son Henry succeeded posthumously 7th Baron Berkeley.
On 19th September 1572 Barbara Habsburg Spain Duchess Ferrara (age 33) died.
On 19th September 1580 Catherine Willoughby Duchess Suffolk (age 61) died. Her son Peregrine (age 24) succeeded 13th Baron Willoughby de Eresby. Mary Vere Baroness Willoughby of Eresby by marriage Baroness Willoughby de Eresby.
She was buried at St James' Church, Spilsby [Map] with her second husband Richard Bertie Baron Willoughby (age 63). Elizabethan Period. Sideboard Tomb. Cornice supported by three figures of a monk and two wildmen, each holding aloft a shield of arms. In the frieze are flowers, fruit and escutcheons.
Mary Vere Baroness Willoughby of Eresby: she was born to John de Vere 16th Earl of Oxford and Margery Golding Countess of Oxford. On 25th December 1577 Peregrine Bertie 13th Baron Willoughby and she were married. She the daughter of John de Vere 16th Earl of Oxford and Margery Golding Countess of Oxford. He the son of Richard Bertie Baron Willoughby and Catherine Willoughby Duchess Suffolk. Around 24th June 1624 Mary Vere Baroness Willoughby of Eresby died.
On 19th September 1581 Frans Pourbus the Elder (age 36) died.
On 19th September 1610 Frederick IV Elector Palatine (age 36) died.
On 19th September 1690 Elizabeth Wriothesley Countess Gainsborough (age 44) died.
On 19th September 1706 Henry Palmer 3rd Baronet died. His nephew Thomas (age 24) succeeded 4th Baronet Palmer of Wingham in Kent.
On 19th September 1708 Francis Newport 1st Earl Bradford (age 88) died at Twickenham, Richmond. His son Richard (age 64) succeeded 2nd Earl Bradford, 2nd Viscount Newport of Bradford in Shropshire, 3rd Baron Newport of High Ercall in Shropshire. Mary Wilbraham Countess Bradford (age 47) by marriage Countess Bradford.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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On 19th September 1708 Barbara Villiers Viscountess Fitzhardinge (age 54) died. She was buried at Westminster Abbey [Map].
On 19th September 1710 John Annesley 4th Earl Anglesey (age 34) died. His brother Arthur (age 30) succeeded 5th Earl Anglesey, 6th Viscount Valentia, 5th Baron Annesley Newport Pagnell Buckinghamshire. Mary Thompson Countess Anglesey by marriage Countess Anglesey.
On 19th September 1718 Henry Howard 6th Earl Suffolk (age 48) died. He was buried at Waldon Priory and Abbey [Map]. His son Charles (age 25) succeeded 7th Earl Suffolk.
On 19th September 1723 Robert Sutton 2nd Baron Lexinton (age 61) died. Baron Lexinton of Aram in Nottinghamshire extinct.
On 19th September 1772 George Henry Lee 3rd Earl Lichfield (age 54) died. His uncle Robert (age 66) succeeded 4th Earl Lichfield, 8th Baronet Lee of Quarrendon in Buckinghamshire.
On 19th September 1775 John Colthurst 1st Baronet died. His son John (age 32) succeeded 2nd Baronet Colthurst of Ardum in County Cork.
On 19th September 1780 James Cecil 6th Earl of Salisbury (age 66) died. His son James (age 32) succeeded 7th Earl Salisbury. Mary Amelia Hill Marchioness Salisbury (age 30) by marriage Countess Salisbury. Mary Grave of Baldock received over £50,000 in his Will, besides jewellery, silver and furniture. In addition, the Earl bequeathed £43,000 to his seven children by her.
On 19th September 1809 Caroline Bristow Baroness Lyttelton (age 63) died.
On 19th September 1812 Thomas Dingley Hatton 10th Baronet (age 41) died. Baronet Hatton of Long Stanton in Cambridgeshire extinct.
On 19th September 1862 George Leveson-Gower aka Egerton 2nd Earl Ellesmere (age 39) died. His son Francis (age 15) succeeded 3rd Earl Ellesmere.
Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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On 19th September 1866 William Clayton 5th Baronet (age 80) died. His grandson William (age 24) succeeded 6th Baronet Clayton of Marden Park in Surrey.
On 19th September 1869 Charles Cockerell aka Rushout 2nd Baronet (age 60) died. His son Charles (age 29) succeeded 3rd Baronet Cockerell of Sezincote in Gloucestershire.
On 19th September 1887 Sibyl Marcia Graham Baroness Houghton (age 30) died suddenly. Monument at St Bertoline's Church, Barthomley [Map] sculpted by Joseph Boehm (age 53).
Sibyl Marcia Graham Baroness Houghton: On 23rd June 1857 she was born to Frederick Ulric Graham 3rd Baronet and Jane Hermione Seymour Lady Graham. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.57%. On 3rd June 1880 Robert Offley Ashburton Crewe Milnes 1st Marquess of Crewe and she were married. On 11th August 1885 Robert Moncton Milnes 1st Baron Houghton died. His son Robert succeeded 2nd Baron Houghton of Great Houghton in the West Riding of Yorkshire. She by marriage Baroness Houghton of Great Houghton in the West Riding of Yorkshire.
On 19th September 1888 Henry Anthony Farrington 4th Baronet (age 77) died. His son William (age 50) succeeded 5th Baronet Farrington of Blackheath in Kent.
On 19th September 1910 Archbishop William Dalrymple Maclagan (age 84) died.
On 19th September 1927 Margaret Joan Lascelles Countess of Desart (age 73) died.
On 19th September 1934 Charles De Vere Beauclerk 11th Duke St Albans (age 64) died. His half brother Osborne (age 59) succeeded 12th Duke St Albans, 12th Earl Burford, 12th Baron Heddington, 9th Baron Vere of Hanworth in Middlesex. Beatrix Petty-Fitzmaurice Duchess St Albans (age 57) by marriage Duchess St Albans.
On 19th September 1936 Maud Buckle Baroness Brownlow (age 65) died. She was buried at St Peter and St Paul Church, Belton [Map].
On 19th September 1951 Gilbert Heathcote-Willoughby-Drummond 2nd Earl Ancaster (age 84) died. His son Gilbert (age 43) succeeded 3rd Earl Ancaster in Lincolnshire, 27th Baron Willoughby de Eresby, 4th Baron Aveland, 8th Baronet Heathcote of London. Nancy Phyllis Louise Astor Countess Astor (age 42) by marriage Countess Ancaster in Lincolnshire.
On 19th September 1960 Montague Eliot 8th Earl of St Germans (age 90) died. His son Nicholas (age 46) succeeded 9th Earl St Germans, 10th Baron Eliot of St Germans in Cornwall.
Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke
Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.
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On 19th September 1973 Sidney Munroe Archibald Vernon 5th Baron Lyveden (age 84) died. His son Ronald (age 58) succeeded 6th Baron Lyveden.
On 19th September 2012 Elizabeth Diana Montagu-Douglas-Scott Duchess Northumberland (age 90) died.