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Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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21 Mar is in March.
1152 King Louis and Queen Eleanor's Annulment
1330 Execution of Edmund of Woodstock
1377 Revolt against John of Gaunt
1556 Execution of Archbishop Thomas Cranmer
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 21st March 867. Late in the year, however, they returned to their allegiance, and they were now fighting against the common enemy; having collected a vast force, with which they fought the army [Battle of York] at York [Map]; and breaking open the town, some of them entered in. Then was there an immense slaughter of the Northumbrians, some within and some without; and both the kings [Osberht King of Northumbria and Ælla King of Northumbria] were slain on the spot. The survivors made peace with the army.
On 21st March 867 Osberht King of Northumbria and Ælla King of Northumbria were killed during the Battle of York.
On 21st March 1076 Robert I Duke Burgundy (age 65) died. His grandson Hugh (age 19) succeeded I Duke Burgundy.
On 21st March 1152 the marriage of Louis VII King Franks (age 32) and Eleanor of Aquitaine Queen Consort Franks and England (age 30) was dissolved by Hugh Toucy Archbishop of Sens at the Château de Beaugency on the grounds of consanguinity. Both Louis and Eleanor were present as were the Archbishops of Rouen and Bordeaux. Samson Mauvoison Archbishop of Reims acted on behalf of Eleanor. In dissolving the marriage Louis lost control of the Duchy of Aquitaine which was to have far reaching consequences for the next three centuries.
After 21st March 1152 Theobald "Good" Blois V Count Blois (age 22) attempted to abduct Eleanor of Aquitaine Queen Consort Franks and England (age 30) from Blois. She fled in the middle of the night taking a barge to Tours.
Flowers of History by Roger of Wendover 1152. 21st March 1152. The same year, Louis king of France was divorced from his queen Eleanor; for they were connected with one another in the fourth degree of consanguinity.
Chronica Majora by Matthew Paris. 21st March 1152. In the same year, the divorce between Louis, King of France, and Queen Eleanor was celebrated during Lent. At the same time, the earls and barons of England swore fealty and allegiance to Eustace, the son of King Stephen. Louis and Eleanor were related in the fourth degree of consanguinity; moreover, Eleanor was accused of adultery, even with an unbeliever, one said to be of the devil's lineage.
Eodem anno celebratum est divortinm inter Lodowicum regem Francorum et Alienor reginam susm, in Quadragesima in qua comites et barones Angliæ fecerunt ligantiam et fidelitatem Eustachio filio regis Stephani; erant enim consanguinei in quarto gradu; præterea diffamata est de [ad]ulterio, etiam cum infideli, et qui genere fuit diaboli.
Annals of Waverley. [21st March 1152] A quarrel having arisen between King Louis of France and his wife Eleanor, a gathering of religious persons was held during Lent at Beaugency. There, with an oath taken before archbishops and bishops affirming that they were related by blood, they were separated by the authority of the Church.
Orta simultate inter regem Francorum Ludovicum ct uxorem ejus Alienor, congregatis religiosis personis in Quadragesimam apud Balgenceium, dato sacramcnto coram archiepiscopis et episcopis quod consanguine essent, separati sunt auctoritate Christianitatis.
Images of Histories by Ralph Diceto. 21st March 1152. The divorce was finalized between the King of France and Queen Eleanor.
Celebratum est divortium inter regem Francorum et reginam Alienor.
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The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke
Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.
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On 21st March 1227 King Charles Capet of Sicily was born to King Louis VIII of France and Blanche Ivrea Queen Consort France (age 39). He a great grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England. He married (1) 31st January 1246 his half third cousin Beatrice Provence Queen Consort Sicily, daughter of Raymond Berenguer Provence IV Count Provence and Beatrice Savoy Countess Provence, and had issue (2) November 1268 his third cousin twice removed Margaret Burgundy Queen Consort Sicily.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough. Now, with both sides prepared to meet each other, the Count of Flanders came to our king, with a sorrowful expression and a downcast face, and said to the king, "My lord king, have mercy on your servant and on my people." And the king said, "What is this, Count? Have you brought us into your land only to betray us?" To this, the Count replied, "God forbid, my lord. For He who knows the hidden secrets of the heart knows that these things were done without my will and without my knowledge. I am innocent and free of guilt in this matter. But this people is stiff-necked and, at present, nearly ungovernable to me." And the king said, "Go quickly and punish your people, so that they cease from this wrongful course and come to rest. Otherwise, by the living God, I will punish them today in a way that will be remembered for all generations." The Count then hurried off and, after calming the people, returned within about an hour. He entered into a pact with the king, and they agreed upon a truce of three days. During that time, all goods taken on both sides were to be returned, under penalty of death and dismemberment. Justice would be administered jointly, according to the judgment of impartial men. While these negotiations were taking place, the Flemings put forward their excuses. They claimed to have suffered many injuries at the hands of the English, including the looting of property, the violation of their wives, the oppression of their daughters, and also many murders and atrocious outrages. And because they did not expect equal compensation for these wrongs, they had taken up arms, hoping at least that fear would force the English to make restitution. The king, finding himself in a difficult position, for they were many in number and very bold, and knowing that neither he nor his men could easily depart from that land except by the will of the people, also aware that often, because of the multitude, a crime passes unpunished, spoke to them peaceably. He paid them a large sum of money for their losses and injuries, and then returned to England around the middle of Lent.1
Partibus itaque ad congrediendum hinc inde paratis, venit comes ipse Flandrensis ad regem nostrum, tristis quidem vultu et facie mutata, et ait regi, "Domine mi rex, miserere servo tuo et populo meo huic." Et ait rex, "Quid est hoc, comes, num introduxisti nos in terram tuam ut seduceres nos?" Et comes ad hæc, "Absit a me hoc, domine mi: novit enim Ille cui nota sunt secreta cordis abscondita, quod absque voluntate et scientia mea facta sunt hæc, et innocens ego sum et immunis sceleris hujus; populus autem iste duræ cervicis est, et mihi in præsenti quasi incastigabilis." Et ait rex, "Vade quantocius et castiga po pulum tuum, ut ab incepto errore sileant et con quiescant, alioquin per viventem Deum ego cas tigabo eos hodie pro omnibus sæculis." Festina vit ergo comes, et, sedato populo, quasi post horam reversus est. Iniitque cum rege fœdus, et trium dierum treugas inter se statuerunt, infra quas restituerentur omnia hinc inde ablata, et hoc sub pœna capitis et membrorum, fierentque communes justitiæ secundum arbitrium discre torum. Cumque inter partes hujusmodi tracta tus haberentur, proposuerunt Flandrenses, ad excusationem eorum, se multas ab Anglicis passos injurias, scilicet in direptione bonorum, violationibus uxorum, et oppressionibus filiarum suarum, insuper in homicidiis multis et atro cissimis injuriis. Et quia æquales emendas fieri non sperabant, ideo armata manu proces serunt, sic ut saltem timore perterriti satisfacere cogerentur. Rex autem in arcto positus, eo quod multi erant numero et præsumptuosi valde, sciensque e terra illa nisi de voluntate eorum sibi et suis facilem non patere egressum, sciens etiam contingere frequenter quod ob populum multum crimen pertransit inultum, pacifice loquebatur ad eos. Et data pecunia magna pro damnis eorum et injuriis, reversus est in Angliam circa medium Quadragesimæ.
Note 1. He landed at Sandwich, Friday 21st March 1297. Matthew of Westminster.
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On 21st March 1306 Robert II Duke Burgundy (age 58) died. His son Hugh (age 24) succeeded V Duke Burgundy.
Patent Rolls. 21st March 1330. Winchester. Commission to John Mautravers (age 40), Oliver de Ingham, John de Stonore, Richard de Wyhighby, John Trevaignon and Roger de Wodelok to make inquisition in the county of Southampton to discover the adherents of Edmund de Wodestok, late earl of Kent, who has been condemned to death by his peers in the present Parliament for high treason. By K
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough. On the Sunday next before Lady Day [21st March 1333], Archibald Douglas entered the English border with three thousand men, burning the district of Gilsland for sixteen leagues in length and six in breadth, and returned to Scotland with a great booty and captives without resistance. Sir Anthony Lucy, a noble knight, and William of Lochmaben, with eight hundred men, one night entered Scotland for twenty miles, and on their return burned, slew, and seized a very great prey of livestock. William Douglas came against them with a great multitude, but was defeated and taken prisoner together with William Barde and a hundred others. Sir Humphrey de Bosco, Sir Humphrey de Gardino, and Sir William of Carlisle, with one hundred and sixty men-at-arms, perished by the sword. The King of England came with a large force to the siege of Berwick on the ninth day before the Kalends of May [23rd April 1333], Edward Balliol acting as a paid ally to lend aid; and on the fifteenth day before the Kalends of June [18th May 1333] the town of Berwick was fiercely assaulted both by sea and by land. During the strong attack, a sudden and terrible fire broke out within the town, whereupon the defenders, dismayed and confused, not knowing what to do, sought and obtained from the kings mercy, grace, and a truce until the morrow, making certain sworn promises to surrender the town and castle, promises which they afterwards did not keep.
Die Dominica proxima ante Annunciationem Dominicam, Archebaudus Douglas Angliæ marchiam cum tribus millibus intravit, pagum de Gilleslond per XVI leucas in longum et sex in latum combussit, cum præda magna et captivis in Scotiam sine resistentia remeavit. Anthonius de Lusci nobilis miles et Willelmus de Lacu-Mabonis cum DCCC hominibus nocte quadam per XX milliaria Scotiam ingressi sunt, et in redeundo combusserunt, occiderunt, et maximam animalium prædam ceperunt; quibus Willelmus Douglas cum magna multitudine occurrit, sed devictus est et captus una cum Willelmo Barde et centum aliis. Humfridus de Bosco, Humfridus de Gardino, milites, Willelmus de Carliolo cum CLX. valentibus, gladio perierunt. Rex Angliæ cum militia magna ad obsidionem Berwici venit nono kalendas Maii, Edwardus de Baliolo tanquam stipendiarius auxilium præbiturus, unde et quinto-decimo kalendas Junii tam per mare quam per terram villa Berwici fortiter fuit expugnata. Durante autem insultu valido supervenit subito horribile incendium intra villam, unde animo consternati qui inclusi sunt et conturbati et quid agerent ignorantes, gratiam regum, misericordiam, et treugas in crastinum, factis certis promissionibus de villa et castro reddendis, juramento firmatis, postea tamen non observatis, petierunt et obtinuerunt.
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Archaeologia Volume 35 1853 XXXIII. On the 21st [Mar 1358], William, Archbishop of Sens, now in England to negotiate a treaty of peace for his Sovereign with the English Monarch, the Maréchal D'Audenham, and the Countess of Pembroke (age 41), spend the entire day with Isabella (age 63); and her grandson, the Earl of Richmond (age 18), arrives to supper.
On 21st March 1373 John Devereux 1st Baron Devereux (age 36) was captured during the Battle of Chiset at Chizé at which the English were defeated by the French forces commanded by Bertrand Geusclin (age 53). The battle brought an end to English control in Poitou.
Archaeologia Volume 22 Section XVI. The Londoners go to the Kyng about the enjoyning their Liberties.
[Around 21st March 1377] The Londoners having held a comon councill about this present matter, sent of the chefe of there citie, ether to justifie that which had happened, or to excuse them unto the kyng, who suing long tyme to come unto the kynges speache, were kept from the kynges presence thorough the procurement of the duke as ytt is thought, yett att length after one dayes stayeng, the duke seing that they resolutely persisted in theyre determination to speak wyth the king, came unto them, willing them to declare unto him the cause of the coming, affirming that his Lord the King was very ill at ease, & that his sickness myght lightly be encreased yf that he were moved to anger, or should heare ought that dyd encounter or crosse his will & that which he would have. But the citizens, whose speaker & chefest man was John Philpott,g answered the duke wyth due reverence that they were not come by any meanes to augment the kinges sicknes ether by their coming or speache, but rather to mitigate his greif, that he myght be strong to defend them & others if that they myght obteyne access unto his highnes, moreover they sayd that they were charged that they should not communicate those matters which they had in commission from the citie, unto any other than unto theyre liegelord the king himselffe, specially seing that their liege the king had oftentymes willed them that in any matter that touched the citie & citizens, they should not make any other men mediators unto him, but declare theire owne matters them selves unto hym, face to face. But yf they should otherwyse doo then he him self had commanded & the citie had enjoyned them, that then they should gett them evill thankes att both their handes, when they had by such allegations obteyned accesse, they shewed unto the king, how ytt had been published in the parliament that ytt was his will that contrarye unto theyre liberties, the maior should be deposed, & a capteyne created, & other matters in parliament which sowned against there libertyes, also they excused themselves of dyvers things which had been done during the tyme of the comotion of the comonaltie of the citie, which myght redounde unto the dyshonor of the duke, sayeng that they were not pryvie unto any such doinges, but that among so greate a multitude, some lewd felowes had done such matters, they being unwittinge & unwilling, nether can so great a multitude be moved by the exhortations of the maire, when they be once upp, but they goo like a whirlwynd, hither & thither according unto the indiscrete direction of sundry heddes, untill they have done some great thing to the hurt of other or themselves; yet, blessed be God, our duke hath felt no harme, nether hath any of his ben hurt. But the king being a little cheared upp with theire comyng, answered that he would not the diminishing of theire liberties; no, he was rather ready yf neede were to augment them, nether dyd any such resolution ever come out of his mouth, & therefore he encouraged them not to feare, commanding them to depart home, & to appease the citizens, & to keape them in peace. After they had taken theire leave of the king, as they were comyng back agayne, they mett wyth the duke in the haule, who chardging them wyth those matters that we have told how they dyd, they answered as we have told you, they reported unto the king, adding there unto that yff they would fynd out or learne what he was that had devised such a dyshonor unto the reproach of the duke, that they would punish him as the duke him self would, or yff he would rather so, delyver him unto him for to be punished according to his owne pleasure. They sayed moreover that the citie dyd desyre him to stand theyre good Lord as he was wont, & yfi that ought had ben done otherwyse than became them, he should find the citie ready to satisfye him in all thinges. When the duke heard this he was glad, hoping that he should gayne some greate somme of money of the citizens, for he thought that they had used such speache for feare, but ytt was far otherwise then he trusted, for when he sayd that he would presently entreat wyth them about the instant matter, because he thought that, seing the chief of the citie were there, they were sufficient for to deale for all the comons, they answered, that they being citizens had ben sent by the citie unto there leige the king for dyvers causes, which being dispatched, there ambassade was expired, wherefore they could not entreat wyth him unless they had receaved new commission from the citie, & so the joyfulnes of the duke was deluded. But the citizens returning unto the citie, & declarynge in order what had happened, brought no small joye to all the citizens.
Note g. John Philpot was Mayor of London in 1378, and was knighted in Smithfield by Richard the Second in 1381, upon the overthrow of Wat Tyler. "A man," says Stow, "of jolly wit, and very rich in substance." Of the wealth and spirit of this citizen, some estimate will be formed, when we are told by Stow that, in 1378, "he hired with his own money 1000 soldiers, and defended the realm against the incursions of the enemy; so that in small time his hired men took John Mercer, a sea rover, with all his ships which he had before taken from Scarborough, and fifteen Spanish ships laden with great riches." Survey of London, b. i. p. 261, edit. 1720. For undertaking this adventure without the sanction of the Council, his conduct was censured, but he made a stout and triumphant defence, and it appears in Rymer that he was afterwards employed in affairs of trust by Richard the Second, to whom he had furnished loans.
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On 21st March 1425 Henry Beauchamp 1st Duke Warwick was born to Richard Beauchamp 13th Earl Warwick (age 43) and Isabel Despencer Countess Warwick and Worcester (age 24) at Hanley Castle, Worcestershire. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. He married 1434 his third cousin Cecily Neville Duchess Warwick, daughter of Richard Neville Earl Salisbury and Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury, and had issue.
Patent Rolls. 21st March 1461. Westminster Palace [Map]. Protection for two years for Edmund Grey of Ruthyn (age 44), knight, going beyond the seas, and his men, and possessions.
On 21st March 1504 Louis Bourbon Prince of La Roche sur Yon (age 31) and Louise Bourbon Duchess of Monpensier (age 22) were married. He the son of John Bourbon VIII Count Vendôme and Isabelle Beauvau Countess Vendôme. They were fourth cousin once removed.
On 21st March 1551 Maria Anna Wittelsbach was born to Albert V Wittelsbach V Duke Bavaria (age 23) and Anna Habsburg Spain Duchess Bavaria (age 22). Coefficient of inbreeding 1.58%. She married 26th August 1571 her uncle Charles Habsburg Spain II Archduke Austria, son of Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor and Anne Jagiellon, and had issue.
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The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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Henry Machyn's Diary. 21st March 1556. The xxj day of Marche was bered at [Chenies, in] Bukynghamshyre my old contes of Bedford (age 77) .... of armes and a grett baner of armes and a v [banner-] rolles of her progene and vii dosen of skochyons .... vj of sarsenett, and iiij dosen of grett stayffe torchys.
Note. P. 191. Funeral of the old countess of Bedford. Anne, sole daughter and heiress of sir Guy Sapcote, of Thornhaugh, co. Bedford, married first to sir John Broughton, of Toddington, co. Bedford; secondly, about 1518, to sir Richard Jerningham, who was one of the governors of Tournay, and afterwards employed in an embassy to Spain, who died in 1524; and, thirdly, in the spring of 1526, to sir John Russell, afterwards earl of Bedford (see note, p. 343). By her will, dated 19 Aug. 1557, she committed her burial to the discretion of the marquess of Winchester lord treasurer, the abbat of Westminster, and the lord St. John. See further in Wiffen's Memoirs of the House of Russell, i. 391.
On 21st March 1556 Archbishop Thomas Cranmer (age 66) was burned at the stake at Oxford, Oxfordshire [Map].
Henry Machyn's Diary. 21st March 1556. The xxj day of Marche was bornyd at Oxford doctur Cranmer (age 66), late archebysshope of Canturbere.
On 21st March 1557 Anne Dacre Countess Arundel was born to Thomas Dacre 4th Baron Dacre Gilsland 8th Baron Greystoke (age 30) and Elizabeth Leybourne Duchess Norfolk (age 21) at Carlisle, Cumberland [Map]. She married 1571 her half third cousin once removed Philip Howard 13th or 20th Earl of Arundel, son of Thomas Howard 4th Duke of Norfolk and Mary Fitzalan Duchess Norfolk, and had issue.
Henry Machyn's Diary. 21st March 1557. The sam day at after-non cam downe that evere chyrche shuld in London syng Te Deum laudamus by the commondement of my lord bysshope of London (age 57), and rynggyng alle that whylle, to ryng with grett presse [praise] to God; and ther cam iij huwysse [hoys] of Spaneards the sam day to London.
Henry Machyn's Diary. 21st March 1557. The xxj day of Marche the Kyng (age 29) and the Quen (age 41) [went] thrugh the galere unto ther closett, and ther thay [heard mass]; and ther was ij swordes borne a-for them, on by lord Cobham (age 60), and the thodur (by) my lord admerall (age 47); [and from] ther closett bake to dener, boyth the Kyng and the Quen together, and ther my lord chanseler (age 56) was ther and dyvers [other lords.]
Henry Machyn's Diary. 21st March 1558. The sam day at after-none the yerle of Sussex (age 33) toke gorney [journey] in post toward Yrland.
Note. P. 169. Earl of Sussex took his journey toward Ireland. Where he had been for some time lord deputy.
Henry Machyn's Diary. 21st March 1558. The sam day of Marche wher browth in-to the (blank) afor the bysshope of London (age 58) and odur lernyd men of the temporolte iij men, the wyche ther openions wher shyche that they wher juged and condemnyd to suffer deth by fyre; one man was a hossear [hosier] dwellyng in Wodstret, ys nam ys (blank).
Henry Machyn's Diary. 21st March 1559. The xxj of Marche the quen('s) master cokes and odur her offesers, and at Mylle-end [Map] ther they dynyd, [with] all maner of mett and drynke; and ther was all maner of artelere, as drumes, flutes, trumpetes, gones, mores pykes, halbardes, to the nomber of v C.; the gonners in shurtes of maylle and .... pykes in bryght harnes, and mony swardes and v grett pesses of gones and shot in ... the wyche dyd myche hurt unto glass wy[ndows;] and cam a grett gyant danssyng, and after [that a] mores dansse dansyng, and gones and mor[es pikes]; and after cam a cart with a grett wyth and ij [bears?] with-in the cartt, and be-syd whent a gret .... of grett mastes; and then cam the master cokes rydyng in cottes in brodere, and chynes of gold, and mony of the quen('s) (age 25) servandes in ther levery, to the cowrt, and ther they shott ther pesses, and with-in the parke was ij C. chamburs gret and smalle shot, and the Quen('s) grace standyn in the galere; and so evere man whent in-to the parke, showhyng them in batell ray, shutyng and playhyng at bowt the parke; and a-for the quen was on of bayres [one of the bears.] was bated, and after the mores dansers whent in-to the cowrt, dansyng in mony offeses.
Henry Machyn's Diary. 21st March 1563. The xxj day of Marche tydynges cam to the cowrt that on off the quen's shypes callyd the Grahond was lost gohyng to Nuwhavyn; the captayn was ser Thomas Fynche (deceased) knyghtt of Kent, and ys brodur and on of my lord Cobbam('s) brodur and ij of my lord Whentforth ('s) bredurne [John Wentworth (deceased) and James Wentworth (deceased)] and mony gentyll men and mynstorels; [one] of my lord of Warwyke('s) newys [nephews], and a good mastur; and mony [good] marenars and sawgears [soldiers] to the nombur of (blank)
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Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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Henry Machyn's Diary. 21st March 1563. The xxj day of Marche dyd pryche at Powlles crosse [Map] the byshope of Wynchastur (age 53), and mad a godly sermon.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 21st March 1662. Thence to Westminster Hall [Map]; and there walked up and down and heard the great difference that hath been between my Lord Chancellor (age 53) and my Lord of Bristol (age 49), about a proviso that my Lord Chancellor would have brought into the Bill for Conformity, that it shall be in the power of the King (age 31), when he sees fit, to dispense with the Act of Conformity; and though it be carried in the House of Lords, yet it is believed it will hardly pass in the Commons.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 21st March 1663. Up betimes and to my office, where busy all the morning, and at noon, after a very little dinner, to it again, and by and by, by appointment, our full board met, and Sir Philip Warwick (age 53) and Sir Robert Long (age 63) came from my Lord Treasurer (age 56) to speak with us about the state of the debts of the Navy; and how to settle it, so as to begin upon the new foundation of £200,000 per annum, which the King (age 32) is now resolved not to exceed.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 21st March 1664. This day the Houses of Parliament met; and the King (age 33) met them, with the Queene (age 54) with him. And he made a speech to them1 among other things, discoursing largely of the plots abroad against him and the peace of the Kingdom; and, among other things, that the dissatisfied party had great hopes upon the effect of the Act for a Triennial Parliament granted by his father, which he desired them to peruse, and, I think, repeal. So the Houses did retire to their own House, and did order the Act to be read to-morrow before them; and I suppose it will be repealed, though I believe much against the will of a good many that sit there.
Note 1. March 16th, 1663-64. This day both Houses met, and on the gist the King opened the session with a speech from the throne, in which occurs this Passage: "I pray, Mr. Speaker, and you, gentlemen of the House of Commons, give that Triennial Bill once a reading in your house, and then, in God's name, do what you think fit for me and yourselves and the whole kingdom. I need not tell you how much I love parliaments. Never king was so much beholden to parliaments as I have been, nor do I think the crown can ever be happy without frequent parliaments" (Cobbett's "Parliamentary History", vol. iv., cc. 290, 291).
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 21st March 1666. Thence home, and there met Sir W. Warren, and after I had eat a bit of victuals (he staying in the office) he and I to White Hall. He to look after the business of the prize ships which we are endeavouring to buy, and hope to get money by them. So I to London by coach and to Gresham College, where I staid half an houre, and so away home to my office, and there walking late alone in the darke in the garden with Sir W. Warren, who tells me that at the Committee of the Lords for the prizes to-day, there passed very high words between my Lord Ashly (age 44) and Sir W. Coventry (age 38), about our business of the prize ships. And that my Lord Ashly did snuff and talk as high to him, as he used to do to any ordinary seaman. And that Sir W. Coventry did take it very quietly, but yet for all did speak his mind soberly and with reason, and went away, saying, he had done his duty therein, and so left it to them, whether they would let so many ships go for masts or not: Here he and I talked of 1,000 businesses, all profitable discourse, and late parted, and I home to supper and to bed, troubled a little at a letter from my father, telling me how (he) is like to be sued for a debt of Tom's, by Smith, the mercer.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 21st March 1669. Lord's Day. Up, and by water over to Southwarke [Map]; and then, not getting a boat, I forced to walk to Stangate; and so over to White Hall, in a scull; where up to the Duke of York's (age 35) dressing-room, and there met Harry Saville (age 27), and understand that Sir W. Coventry (age 41) is come to his house last night. I understand by Mr. Wren (age 40) that his friends having, by Secretary Trevor (age 45) and my Lord Keeper (age 63), applied to the King (age 38) upon his first coming home, and a promise made that he should be discharged this day, my Lord Arlington (age 51) did anticipate them, by sending a warrant presently for his discharge which looks a little like kindness, or a desire of it; which God send! though I fear the contrary: however, my heart is glad that he is out.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 21st March 1669. Thence up and down the House. Met with Mr. May (age 47), who tells me the story of his being put by Sir John Denham's place, of Surveyor of the King's Works, who it seems, is lately dead, by the unkindness of the Duke Buckingham (age 41), who hath brought in Dr. Wren (age 45): though, he tells me, he hath been his servant for twenty years together in all his wants and dangers, saving him from want of bread by his care and management, and with a promise of having his help in his advancement, and an engagement under his hand for £1000 not yet paid, and yet the Duke of Buckingham so ungrateful as to put him by: which is an ill thing, though Dr. Wren is a worthy man. But he tells me that the King (age 38) is kind to him, and hath promised him a pension of £300 a-year out of the Works; which will be of more content to him than the place, which, under their present wants of money, is a place that disobliges most people, being not able to do what they desire to their lodgings. Here meeting with Sir H. Cholmly (age 36) and Povy (age 55), that tell me that my Lord Middleton (age 61) is resolved in the Cabal that he shall not go to Tangier; and that Sir Edward Harlow [Harley], whom I know not, is propounded to go, who was Governor of Dunkirke, and, they say, a most worthy brave man, which I shall be very glad of.
John Evelyn's Diary. 21st March 1672. I visited the coasts in my district of Kent, and divers wounded and languishing poor men, that had been in the Smyrna conflict. I went over to see the new-begun Fort of Tilbury; a royal work, indeed, and such as will one day bridle a great city to the purpose, before they are aware.
The London Gazette 662. 21st March 1672. The Hague. 1672 Attack on the Smyrna Fleet. Most of our Smirna Fleet are arrived in Zealand and in the Maes, together with the Mep of war, under whose Convoy they were, though extremely torn and very much disabled five of our Merchant men were taken bythe English-two of which were the richest in the Fleet, laden with Silks and other rich Commodities, and were called the Landtman oi Amsterdam, and the Vrede of Rotterdam, besides one of our men of War, called the Little Holland, mounted with 44 Guns and 150 men J Captain de Hies Admiral of this Fleet was killed in this engagement, with many of our men, and many more wounded, who have been since brought a shore at Rotterdam and other places. The men of War which served for Convoys to the said Fleet were.
Ships, Captains, Guns, Men.
The Ulisstiing, Adrian de Haes, 50, 250.
The Dort, Thomas de Bois, 46, 170.
The Entrecht, Cornelius Everfon, 48, 220.
the Hollandia, Thomas Nes, 44, 150.
The Delf, Pourt, 38, 145.
The Lion, Lenny, 34, 140.
The Centaur, Thomas Anderson, 41, 120.
The Friezland, Jacon Anderson, 30, 110.
The Munnick, a considerable Merchant man mounted with 30 guns was so torn and disabled that with much difficulty they have brought her into port, Captain du Bois Vice-=Admiral of this Fleet hath lost his right arm, and many of his men.
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On 21st March 1681 Edward Hungerford (age 48) was elected MP Chippenham at Oxford, Oxfordshire [Map] during the Oxford Parliament 5C2.
Before 21st March 1683 the Rye House Plot was an attempt to assassinate King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 52) and his brother King James II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 49) as they passed Rye House, Hoddesdon when were returning from the races at Newmarket, Suffolk on 1st April 1683. In the event a fire at Newmarket, Suffolk on the 22nd March 1683 the races were cancelled.
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Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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After 21st March 1683 Edward Hungerford (age 50) was implicated and his home was searched during the Rye House Plot.
John Evelyn's Diary. 21st March 1683. Dr. Tenison (age 46) preached at Whitehall [Map] on 1 Cor. vi. 12; I esteem him to be one of the most profitable preachers in the Church of England, being also of a most holy conversation, very learned and ingenious. The pains he takes and care of his parish will, I fear, wear him out, which would be an inexpressible loss.
John Evelyn's Diary. 23rd March 1688. Dr. Parker, Bishop of Oxford (deceased), who so lately published his extravagant treatise about transubstantiation, and for abrogating the test and penal laws, died. He was esteemed a violent, passionate, haughty man, but yet being pressed to declare for the Church of Rome, he utterly refused it. A remarkable end!
John Evelyn's Diary. 21st March 1691. Dined at Sir William Fermor's (age 42), who showed me many good pictures. After dinner, a French servant played rarely on the lute. Sir William had now bought all the remaining statues collected with so much expense by the famous Thomas, Earl of Arundel, and sent them to his seat at Easton, near Towcester.
On 21st March 1693 Walter Chetwynd (age 60) died of smallpox. He was buried at St Mary the Virgin Church, Ingestre [Map]. John Chetwynd of Boughton (age 50) inherited Ingestre Hall, Staffordshire.
On 21st March 1706 Mary Brookes aka Channing (age 18) was strangled then burned at the stake at Maumbury Rings [Map].
On 21st March 1726 Samuel Pegge (age 21) was elected to a lay fellowship on the Beresford foundation of his college but was removed in favour of Michael Burton (afterwards vice-master of St. John's), who claimed founder's kin.
On 21st March 1769 Duke Ernest of Saxe Coburg Altenburg (age 24) and Charlotte Saxe Meiningen Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg (age 17) were married at Meiningen. She by marriage Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg. He the son of Duke Frederick III of Saxe Coburg Altenburg III (age 69) and Luise Dorothea Saxe Meiningen Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg. They were first cousin once removed.
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The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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On 21st March 1807 Amelia Fitz-Clarence Viscountess Falkland was born illegitimately to King William IV of the United Kingdom (age 41) and Dorothea Bland aka "Mrs Jordan" (age 45). She married 27th December 1830 Lucius Cary 10th Viscount Falkland, son of Charles John Cary 9th Viscount Falkland and Christiana Anton Viscountess Falkland, and had issue.
On 21st March 1809 Katherine Lowther Duchess of Bolton (age 73) died.
Life of Henry Pelham. Six weeks later [21st March 1829] Lord Winchelsea (age 37) again called on the Duke of Newcastle (age 44) on precisely the same errand. The latter, however, was away at Clumber, and was not available, which was a great relief to him, for he would have felt bound not to refuse, and Lord Falmouth (age 41) acted as second instead of him. There was no mistake this time. The duel took place on Wimbledon Common. Lord Winchelsea, after receiving the Duke of Wellington's (age 59) fire, fired his own pistol in the air, and then tendered an apology. The Duke of Newcastle writes in his journal:
'Lord Falmouth gave me an account of the duel. He says the Duke of Wellington behaved in a very churlish, overbearing manner, and when the affair was over did not shake hands, and departed sulkily. One is almost tempted to wish that a life so dangerous had been taken away, but one must not indulge in such unchristian feelings .... The Duke of Wellington's time may not yet be come, but it may, and that shortly, for assuredly he is a villain and a [word illegible].'
On 21st March 1843 Robert Southey (age 68) died.
On 21st March 1852 Marie Sophie Hesse-Kassel Queen Consort Denmark and Norway (age 84) died.
On 21st March 1868 Henrietta Auriol Drummond-Hay (age 38) died. She was buried at St Andrew's Church, Radbourne [Map].
Henrietta Auriol Drummond-Hay: In 1830 she was born to Edward William Dummond-Hay. In 1851 Henry Chandos-Pole-Gell and she were married.
On 21st March 1887 Eustace Sutherland Campbell Percy 1st Baron Percy Newcastle on Tyne was born to Henry George Percy 7th Duke Northumberland (age 40) and Edith Campbell Duchess Northumberland (age 37).
On 21st March 1901 George David Boyle (age 72) died. Salisbury Cathedral [Map].
George David Boyle: On 17th May 1828 he was born. In 1880 he was appointed Dean Salisbury Cathedral which position he held until he died.
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The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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On 21st March 1918 Lieutenant-Colonel John Stuart Wortley (age 38) was killed in action.
His service record includes two letters sent to his widow in late 1918, in response to an advertisement she had placed in The Times of 2 November, asking for any news of him. Both men were close by at the time he was shot.
Eric Whitehouse wrote, "I was with the Colonel all the morning of March 21st from the time the enemy artillery became active till after the German attack had been made and they were well past our H.Q. As our trench was not one in which we could meet this attack, it was necessary to evacuate the position and while doing this I was close to the Colonel. I saw he was hit and I saw him fall, as far as I could tell he was shot through the head by machine gun fire. There was a very heavy barrage from enemy M[achine] G[uns] at this time…My firm conviction is that he was killed."
Percy Pick (241148 Stretcher Bearer, C Coy HQ, 2/6th South Staffs) also wrote to Jack's wife on his return from Germany, where he had been a Prisoner of War. He wrote:
"As near the time as I can judge it was 9.45 a.m. when Col. Stuart Wortley met his death. [Being] a battalion stretcher bearer, I was out seeking and tending wounded, and whilst carrying out these duties, I came across the Colonel. I regret to say that I was unable to do anything as life was extinct, anyway I searched the Colonel's pockets etc. for valuables or papers, but in this, I was also too late as all pockets had been emptied. The place of Col. Stuart Wortley's death was directly in front and about 200 yards away from battalion head quarters, Railway Reserve trench, Bullecourt sector."
After 21st March 1918. Memorial to Lieutenant Reginald Arthur Shann, East Lancashire Regiment, younger son of Reginald Shann, for 33 years Rector of St Michael's Church, Chenies [Map]. Fell in action at Hargiicourt. Tablet erected by Adeline Marie Somers Duchess Bedford (age 65).
Adeline Marie Somers Duchess Bedford: On 24th September 1852 she was born to Charles Somers-Cocks 3rd Earl Somers. On 24th October 1886 George William Sackville Russell 10th Duke Bedford and she were married. She the daughter of Charles Somers-Cocks 3rd Earl Somers. He the son of Francis Russell 9th Duke Bedford and Elizabeth Sackville-West Duchess Bedford.
On 21st March 1938 Charles Beauclerk 13th Duke St Albans (age 22) and Nathalie Chatham Walker were married.
21st March 1949. Memorial at St Bartholomew's Church, Whittingham [Map] to Captain John Eustace Smith who died steeplechasing riding Dancing Sun in a chase at Catterick on March 19, 1949. A farmer, he came from a Northumberland farming family. He was invalided from the Northumberland Hussars early in the war. He left a wife and a daughter. Possibly the John Eustace-Smith who rode in the 1947 and 1948 Grand Nationals on Ulster Monarch and Brighter Sandy respectively.
A notice from the Berwick Advertiser, Thursday 31st March 1949:
MEMORIAL SERVICE
A memorial service for Captain John Eustace Smith, the well-known amateur jockey, who died after an injury at Catterick races, was held at St. Bartholomews Church, Whittingham. The Rev. P. G. Forman, Archdeacon of Lindisfame, assisted by the Rev. G. Henderson, Vicar of Whittingham, conducted the service. Included among the mourners were. The Duke of Northumberland (age 34); Capt. R. Carr Ellison; Major A. S. C. Brown; Mrs J. G. G. Rea; Lord Joicey, Colonel R. Taylor, Major and Mrs A. C. Straker. Colonel J. W. Sale and Mr E. F. Collingwood.
On 21st March 1977 William Arthur Henry Cavendish-Bentinck 7th Duke Portland (age 84) died. He was buried at St Winifred's Church, Holbeck. His third cousin Ferdinand (age 87) succeeded 8th Duke Portland, 9th Earl of Portland. Baron Bolsover of Bolsover in Derbyshire extinct.
The heir to the Duke's titles was a distant cousin. Rather than allow the entailed estates to pass with the titles, the Duke arranged to break the entails and thus enrich his own daughters. The family seat of Welbeck Abbey [Map] passed to his elder daughter, Lady Anne (age 60), who never married; upon her death, it passed to the son of her deceased younger sister, Lady Margaret, who had died in 1955
On 21st March 1227 King Charles Capet of Sicily was born to King Louis VIII of France and Blanche Ivrea Queen Consort France (age 39). He a great grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England. He married (1) 31st January 1246 his half third cousin Beatrice Provence Queen Consort Sicily, daughter of Raymond Berenguer Provence IV Count Provence and Beatrice Savoy Countess Provence, and had issue (2) November 1268 his third cousin twice removed Margaret Burgundy Queen Consort Sicily.
On 21st March 1316 Isabel Verdun Baroness Ferrers Groby was born to Theobald Verdun 2nd Lord Verdun (age 37) and Elizabeth Clare Lady Verdun (age 20) at Amesbury, Wiltshire [Map]. She a great granddaughter of King Edward I of England. She married before 28th February 1333 her fourth cousin once removed Henry Ferrers 2nd Baron Ferrers of Groby, son of William Ferrers 1st Baron Ferrers of Groby and Ellen or Margaret Segrave Baroness Ferrers Groby, and had issue.
On 21st March 1425 Henry Beauchamp 1st Duke Warwick was born to Richard Beauchamp 13th Earl Warwick (age 43) and Isabel Despencer Countess Warwick and Worcester (age 24) at Hanley Castle, Worcestershire. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. He married 1434 his third cousin Cecily Neville Duchess Warwick, daughter of Richard Neville Earl Salisbury and Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury, and had issue.
On 21st March 1501 Elizabeth Braye was born to Edmund Braye 1st Baron Braye (age 17) and Jane Halwell Baroness Bray. She married in or before 1539 Ralph Verney and had issue.
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The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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On 21st March 1501 Anne Braye Baroness Cobham was born to Edmund Braye 1st Baron Braye (age 17) and Jane Halwell Baroness Bray at Eaton Bray, Bedfordshire. She married 1517 George Brooke 9th Baron Cobham, son of Thomas Brooke 8th Baron Cobham and Dorothy Heydon Baroness Cobham, and had issue.
On 21st March 1551 Maria Anna Wittelsbach was born to Albert V Wittelsbach V Duke Bavaria (age 23) and Anna Habsburg Spain Duchess Bavaria (age 22). Coefficient of inbreeding 1.58%. She married 26th August 1571 her uncle Charles Habsburg Spain II Archduke Austria, son of Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor and Anne Jagiellon, and had issue.
On 21st March 1557 Anne Dacre Countess Arundel was born to Thomas Dacre 4th Baron Dacre Gilsland 8th Baron Greystoke (age 30) and Elizabeth Leybourne Duchess Norfolk (age 21) at Carlisle, Cumberland [Map]. She married 1571 her half third cousin once removed Philip Howard 13th or 20th Earl of Arundel, son of Thomas Howard 4th Duke of Norfolk and Mary Fitzalan Duchess Norfolk, and had issue.
On 17th March 1609 Elizabeth Hobart was born to Henry Hobart 1st Baronet (age 49) and Dorothy Bell Lady Hobart. She was baptised at St Ann Blackfriars Church on 21st March 1609. She married 15th February 1632 John Lisle.
On 21st March 1632 John Hotham 2nd Baronet was born to John Hotham (age 22) and Frances Wray (age 20). He married 8th August 1650 Elizabeth Beaumont, daughter of Thomas Beaumont 1st Viscount of Swords and Elizabeth Sapcote, and had issue.
On 21st March 1635 Thomas Culpepper 2nd Baron Culpepper was born to John Culpepper 1st Baron Culpeper (age 35) and Judith Culpeper (age 29) in Hollingbourne, Kent.
On 21st March 1644 Walter Bagot 3rd Baronet was born to Edward Bagot 2nd Baronet (age 27). He married June 1670 Jane Salusbury and had issue.
On 21st March 1652 Piers Butler 1st Earl Newcastle was born to Edward Butler 2nd Viscount Galmoye (age 25). He married 3rd April 1695 Henrietta Fitzjames Countess Newcastle, daughter of King James II of England Scotland and Ireland and Anne Hyde Duchess of York.
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Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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On 21st March 1661 Philip Musgrave was born to Christopher Musgrave 4th Baronet (age 29) and Mary Cogan. He married before 25th December 1688 Mary Legge, daughter of George Legge 1st Baron Dartmouth and Barbara Archbold Baroness Dartmouth, and had issue.
On 21st March 1679 Benedict Calvert 4th Baron Baltimore was born to Charles Calvert 3rd Baron Baltimore (age 41) and Jane Lowe Baroness Baltimore (age 35). He married 2nd January 1699 Charlotte Lee Baroness Baltimore, daughter of Edward Lee 1st Earl Lichfield and Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield, and had issue.
On 21st March 1728 Alexander Maitland 1st Baronet was born.
On 21st March 1756 Hugh Bateman 1st Baronet was born to Richard Bateman of Hartington Hall (age 38) and Catherine Fitzherbert.
On 21st March 1780 Charlotte Layard Countess Lindsey was born to Charles Peter Layard (age 31). She married (1) 1809 Albermarle Bertie 9th Earl Lindsey and had issue (2) in or before 1821 Reverend William Peter Pegus and had issue.
On 21st March 1785 Robert Haldane-Duncan 1st Earl of Camperdown was born to Adam Duncan 1st Viscount Duncan (age 53) and Henrietta Dundas. He married 8th June 1805 Janet Dalrymple.
On 21st March 1788 Edward Methuen Irby was born to Frederick Irby 2nd Baron Boston (age 38) and Christian Methuen.
On 21st March 1793 Andrew Agnew 7th Baronet was born to Andrew Agnew.
On 21st March 1801 Reverend Miles Stapleton was born to Thomas Stapleton 12th Baron Despencer (age 34) and Elizabeth Eliot Baroness Despencer (age 43). He married 29th December 1820 Anne Byam Kerby and had issue.
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Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 21st March 1807 Amelia Fitz-Clarence Viscountess Falkland was born illegitimately to King William IV of the United Kingdom (age 41) and Dorothea Bland aka "Mrs Jordan" (age 45). She married 27th December 1830 Lucius Cary 10th Viscount Falkland, son of Charles John Cary 9th Viscount Falkland and Christiana Anton Viscountess Falkland, and had issue.
On 21st March 1812 Theresa Stourton Baroness Arundel Wardour was born to William Joseph Stourton 18th Baron Stourton (age 35). She married 19th June 1838 Henry Benedict Arundell 11th Baron Arundel, son of James Everard Arundell 9th Baron Arundel and Mary Christina Arundell Baroness Arundel Wardour, and had issue.
On 21st March 1817 Stephen Fox-Strangways was born to Henry Fox-Strangways 3rd Earl of Ilchester (age 30) and Caroline Leonora Murray Countess Ilchester.
On 21st March 1822 Jacob Henry Delaval Astley 17th Baron Hastings was born to Jacob Astley 16th Baron Hastings (age 24) and Georgiana Carolina Dashwood Lady Astley (age 26).
On 21st March 1835 Lieutenant Colonel George Henry Grey was born to George Grey 2nd Baronet (age 35) and Anne Sophia Ryder Lady Grey (age 29). He married before 11th December 1874 Harriet Jane Pearson and had issue.
On 21st March 1840 Gertrude Frances Chetwynd-Talbot Countess Pembroke and Montgomery was born to Henry John Chetwynd-Talbot 3rd Earl Talbot 18th Earl of Shrewsbury (age 36) and Sarah Elizabeth Beresford Countess Talbot Shrewsbury Waterford (age 32). She married 8th May 1877 George Robert Charles Herbert 13th Earl Pembroke 10th Earl Montgomery, son of Sidney Herbert 1st Baron Herbert Lea.
On 21st March 1843 Robert Boughey 7th Baronet was born to Thomas Fletcher Fenton Boughey 3rd Baronet (age 34).
On 21st March 1849 John Augustus Grey 7th Baron Walsingham was born to Thomas Grey 5th Baron Walsingham (age 44) and Emily Julia Thellusson Baroness Walsingham (age 31).
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The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 21st March 1853 Lionel Gascoyne-Cecil was born to James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil 2nd Marquess Salisbury (age 61) and Mary Catherine Sackville-West Marchioness Salisbury (age 28).
On 21st March 1857 Charles Lamb 4th Baronet was born to Charles Lamb.
On 21st March 1869 Gerald Wellesley Liddell 6th Baron Ravensworth was born to Arthur Thomas Liddell 5th Baron Ravensworth (age 31) and Sophia Harriett Waller Baroness Ravensworth. He married 11th October 1899 Isolda Blanche Prideaux-Brune Baroness Ravensworth and had issue.
On 21st March 1875 Nora Maitland Lady Fitzherbert was born to Frederick Maitland 13th Earl of Lauderdale (age 34). She married 24th October 1889 William FitzHerbert 7th Baronet, son of Richard Fitzherbert 5th Baronet and Mary Anne Arkwright Lady Fitzherbert.
On 21st March 1887 Eustace Sutherland Campbell Percy 1st Baron Percy Newcastle on Tyne was born to Henry George Percy 7th Duke Northumberland (age 40) and Edith Campbell Duchess Northumberland (age 37).
On 21st March 1898 Maynard Greville was born to Francis Greville 5th Earl Warwick 5th Earl Brooke (age 45) and Frances Evelyn "Daisy" Maynard Countess Warwick (age 36). Some sources suggest his father was Joseph Frederick Laycock (age 30).
On 21st March 1926 Anthony Fitz-Clarence 7th Earl of Munster was born to Edward Fitz-Clarence 6th Earl of Munster (age 26) and Monica Sheila Grayson. He a great x 3 grandson of King William IV of the United Kingdom. He married 28th July 1949 Louise Delvigne Countess Munster.
On 21st March 1152 the marriage of Louis VII King Franks (age 32) and Eleanor of Aquitaine Queen Consort Franks and England (age 30) was dissolved by Hugh Toucy Archbishop of Sens at the Château de Beaugency on the grounds of consanguinity. Both Louis and Eleanor were present as were the Archbishops of Rouen and Bordeaux. Samson Mauvoison Archbishop of Reims acted on behalf of Eleanor. In dissolving the marriage Louis lost control of the Duchy of Aquitaine which was to have far reaching consequences for the next three centuries.
On 21st March 1504 Louis Bourbon Prince of La Roche sur Yon (age 31) and Louise Bourbon Duchess of Monpensier (age 22) were married. He the son of John Bourbon VIII Count Vendôme and Isabelle Beauvau Countess Vendôme. They were fourth cousin once removed.
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Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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On 21st March 1720 Richard Boyle 3rd Earl Burlington (age 25) and Dorothy Savile Countess Burlington (age 21) were married. She by marriage Countess Burlington. She the daughter of William Savile 2nd Marquess Halifax and Mary Finch Duchess Roxburghe (age 43). He the son of Charles Boyle 2nd Earl Burlington and Juliana Noel Countess Burlington (age 48). They were fourth cousin once removed.
On 21st March 1760 John Roper (age 25) and Anna Gabriella Head were married. A Marriage of Two Sets of Siblings; her sister Maria Wilhelmina Head had previously married his brother Henry Roper 11th Baron Teynham (age 26). Further, their two younger brothers Francis Roper (age 22) and Philip Roper Roper (age 20) also married siblings Mary Lyttelton (age 26) and Barbara Lyttelton respectively.
On 21st March 1761 Bennet Sherard 3rd Earl Harborough (age 51) and Margaret Hill Countess Harborough (age 31) were married at St Martin in the Fields Church [Map]. She by marriage Countess Harborough. He the son of Philip Sherard 2nd Earl Harborough and Anne Pedley Countess Harborough.
On 21st March 1766 Philip Roper Roper (age 26) and Barbara Lyttelton were married. A Marriage of Two Sets of Siblings; her sister Mary Lyttelton (age 32) was previously married to his brother Francis Roper (age 28). Further, their two older brothers John Roper (age 31) and Henry Roper 11th Baron Teynham (age 32) also married siblings Anna Gabriella Head and Maria Wilhelmina Head respectively.
On 21st March 1769 Duke Ernest of Saxe Coburg Altenburg (age 24) and Charlotte Saxe Meiningen Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg (age 17) were married at Meiningen. She by marriage Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg. He the son of Duke Frederick III of Saxe Coburg Altenburg III (age 69) and Luise Dorothea Saxe Meiningen Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg. They were first cousin once removed.
On 21st March 1772 William Douglas 4th Baronet (age 42) and Grace d William Johnstone Lady Kelhead were married. She by marriage Lady Kelhead.
On 21st March 1801 George Howard 6th Earl Carlisle (age 27) and Georgiana Cavendish Countess Carlisle (age 17) were married. She the daughter of William Cavendish 5th Duke Devonshire (age 53) and Georgiana Spencer Duchess Devonshire (age 43). He the son of Frederick Howard 5th Earl Carlisle (age 52) and Margaret Caroline Leveson-Gower Countess Carlisle. They were fourth cousins.
On 21st March 1809 Bishop Edward Grey (age 26) and Charlotte Elizabeth Croft were married. He the son of Charles Grey 1st Earl Grey and Elizabeth Grey Countess Grey (age 65).
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Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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On 21st March 1854 Rowland Winn 1st Baron St Oswald (age 34) and Harriet Dumaresq Baroness St Owsald were married.
On 21st March 1882 Henry Conyngham 4th Marquess Conyngham (age 24) and Frances Elizabeth Sarah Eveleigh-de-Moleyns Marchioness Conyngham were married. He the son of George Henry Conyngham 3rd Marquess Conyngham (age 57) and Jane St Maur Blanche Stanhope Marchioness Conyngham (age 48).
On 21st March 1938 Charles Beauclerk 13th Duke St Albans (age 22) and Nathalie Chatham Walker were married.
On 21st March 1076 Robert I Duke Burgundy (age 65) died. His grandson Hugh (age 19) succeeded I Duke Burgundy.
On 21st March 1306 Robert II Duke Burgundy (age 58) died. His son Hugh (age 24) succeeded V Duke Burgundy.
On 21st March 1540 John de Vere 15th Earl of Oxford (age 69) died. His son John (age 24) succeeded 16th Earl of Oxford. Dorothy Neville Countess of Oxford by marriage Countess of Oxford.
On 21st March 1556 Archbishop Thomas Cranmer (age 66) was burned at the stake at Oxford, Oxfordshire [Map].
On 21st March 1656 James Ussher (age 75) died at the house of Elizabeth Howard Countess Peterborough (age 53) in Reigate, Surrey [Map].
On 21st March 1688 Bishop Samuel Parker (age 48) died at Magdalen College, Oxford University.
On 14th March 1689 Joseph Alston 2nd Baronet (age 49) died. He was buried 21st March 1689. His son Joseph (age 24) succeeded 3rd Baronet Alston of Chelsea.
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The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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On 21st March 1721 Herbert Powell 2nd Baronet (age 21) died unmarried. Baronet Powell of Broadway in Carmarthenshire extinct.
On 21st March 1750 Elizabeth Wentworth died.
On 21st March 1751 Baptist Noel 4th Earl Gainsborough (age 43) died. His son Baptist (age 11) succeeded 5th Earl Gainsborough, 8th Viscount Campden, 8th Baron Hicks of Ilmington in Warwickshire.
On 21st March 1756 James Wemyss 5th Earl of Wemyss (age 56) died. His son David (age 34) de jure 6th Earl Wemyss since he head been attainted around 1748.
On 21st March 1757 Henry Bowes Howard 4th Earl Berkshire 11th Earl Suffolk (age 71) died. He was buried at All Saints Church, Charlton-All-Saints [Map]. His grandson Henry (age 17) succeeded 12th Earl Suffolk, 5th Earl Berkshire, 5th Viscount Andover in Hampshire, 5th Baron Howard of Charlton in Wiltshire.
On 21st March 1770 John Dryden 7th Baronet died. Baronet Dryden of Canons Ashby in Northamptonshire extinct.
On 21st March 1772 Henrietta Dashwood Lady Sebright (age 87) died.
On 21st March 1783 Charles Hervey (age 79) died.
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Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 21st March 1797 Charles Fitzroy 1st Baron Southampton (age 59) died at his home on Stanhope Street. His son George (age 35) succeeded 2nd Baron Southampton.
On 21st March 1799 Mary Leslie Countess Portmore (age 45) died.
On 21st March 1809 Katherine Lowther Duchess of Bolton (age 73) died.
On 21st March 1810 Juliana Musgrave Lady Langham died.
On 21st March 1810 Charles Cave 8th Baronet (age 63) died unmarried. His second cousin William (age 45) succeeded 9th Baronet Cave of Stanford in Northamptonshire. Louisa Wilmot Lady Cave (age 39) by marriage Lady Cave of Stanford in Northamptonshire.
On 21st March 1820 Assheton Curzon 1st Viscount Curzon (age 90) died. His grandson Richard (age 23) succeeded 2nd Viscount Curzon of Penn in Buckinghamshire.
On 21st March 1822 Henry Charles Englefield 7th Baronet (age 70) died unmarried. Baronet Englefield of Wootton Bassett in Wiltshire extinct.
On 21st March 1843 Robert Southey (age 68) died.
On 21st March 1851 Thomas Brand 20th Baron Dacre 19th Baron Multon (age 76) died without issue. His brother Henry (age 73) succeeded 21st Baron Dacre Gilsland, 20th Baron Multon of Gilsland.
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Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 21st March 1852 Marie Sophie Hesse-Kassel Queen Consort Denmark and Norway (age 84) died.
On 21st March 1856 Hyde Parker 8th Baronet (age 71) died. His half first cousin once removed William (age 29) succeeded 9th Baronet Parker of Melford Hall in Suffolk.
On 21st March 1860 Charles Montolieu Lamb 2nd Baronet (age 74) died. His grandson Archibald (age 14) succeeded 3rd Baronet Lamb of Burghfield.
On 21st March 1869 John Hadley D'Oyly 8th Baronet (age 74) died. His son Charles (age 47) succeeded 9th Baronet D'Oyly of Shottisham in Suffolk.
On 21st March 1877 George Bertie 10th Earl Lindsey (age 62) died without issue. His brother Montague (age 61) succeeded 11th Earl Lindsey. Felicia Elizabetha Welby Countess Lindsey (age 42) by marriage Countess Lindsey.
On 21st March 1895 William Edmund de la Pole 9th Baronet (age 78) died. His son Edmund (age 51) succeeded 10th Baronet Pole of Shute House in Devon.
On 21st March 1929 John Augustus Grey 7th Baron Walsingham (age 80) died. His son George (age 44) succeeded 8th Baron Walsingham of Walsingham in Norfolk.
On 21st March 1939 Gerald Gibbs 3rd Baron Aldenham (age 60) died. His first cousin Walter (age 50) succeeded 4th Baron Aldenham of Aldenham in Hertfordshire. Beatrix Elinor Paul Baroness Aldenham and Hunsdon (age 48) by marriage Baroness Aldenham of Aldenham in Hertfordshire.
On 21st March 1942 Thomas Wodehouse Leigh 2nd Baron Newton (age 85) died. His son Richard (age 53) succeeded 3rd Baron Newton of Newton-in-Makerfield in Lancashire. Helen Meysey-Thompson Baroness Newton by marriage Baroness Newton of Newton-in-Makerfield in Lancashire.
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William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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On 21st March 1944 Reverend Hugh Smith-Marriott 9th Baronet (age 75) died unmarried. His nephew Ralph (age 43) succeeded 10th Baronet Smith of Sydling St Nicholas.
On 21st March 1957 Orlando Bridgeman 5th Earl Bradford (age 83) died. His son Gerald (age 45) succeeded 6th Earl Bradford, 6th Viscount Newport of Shropshire, 7th Baron Bradford in Shropshire, 11th Baronet Bridgeman of Great Lever in Lancashire. Mary Willoughby Montgomery Countess Bradford by marriage Countess Bradford.
On 21st March 1977 William Arthur Henry Cavendish-Bentinck 7th Duke Portland (age 84) died. He was buried at St Winifred's Church, Holbeck. His third cousin Ferdinand (age 87) succeeded 8th Duke Portland, 9th Earl of Portland. Baron Bolsover of Bolsover in Derbyshire extinct.
The heir to the Duke's titles was a distant cousin. Rather than allow the entailed estates to pass with the titles, the Duke arranged to break the entails and thus enrich his own daughters. The family seat of Welbeck Abbey [Map] passed to his elder daughter, Lady Anne (age 60), who never married; upon her death, it passed to the son of her deceased younger sister, Lady Margaret, who had died in 1955
On 21st March 1991 John Edward Pelham 7th Earl of Yarborough (age 70) died. His son Charles (age 27) succeeded 8th Earl Yarborough, 9th Baron Yarborough.