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Culture, General Things, Duelling

Duelling is in General Things.

1609 Stewart-Wharton Duel

1662 Montagu Chomeley Duel

1668 Buckingham Shrewsbury Duel

1685 Battle of Sedgemoor

1712 Hamilton-Mohun Duel

1752 Marriage of James Duke Hamilton and Elizabeth Gunning

On 7th August 1485 Alexander Stewart 1st Duke Albany (age 31) was killed in a duel with Louis XII King France (age 23), possibly at a tournament. His son John (age 1) succeeded 2nd Duke Albany.

Before 1603 Thomas Lucas (age 43) was exiled for duelling with a Mr Brooks. He was pardoned by King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland (age 36) and returned to England in 1603.

On 1st August 1603 John Townshend (age 35) was killed in a duel on horseback with Matthew Browne (age 40) at Hounslow Heath [Map].

Matthew Browne died the following day.

Stewart-Wharton Duel

On 8th November 1609 George Wharton (age 26) and James Stewart (age 24) killed each other in a duel at Islington Fields over a game of cards. They were buried together in the same grave in Islington, by the King's command on 10th November 1609.

On 21st April 1610 John Egerton was killed in a duel by Edward Morgan (age 34) at Highgate.

History of Parliament: "The elder Morgan was engaged in an unspecified legal battle with Sir John Egerton (age 59), and the duel was the culmination of a quarrel that had lasted at least four years. In June 1606 the younger Morgan had attempted to stab Egerton and his son John in church. Two years later, in August 1608, he had challenged the Egertons to meet him ‘in any place of Christendom', describing Sir John as ‘a filthy black knight' and his whole family as ‘vipers'. These provocations were initially ignored, but when Morgan refused to return a hawk belonging to the Egertons which had landed on his property and abused the falconer with ‘reproachful speeches', John Egerton had issued his own challenge, only to be forbidden from taking the field by his father.36 John would not let the matter rest, however, and on 19 Apr. 1610, after encountering Morgan at Prince Henry's Court, he again challenged Morgan, who not only accepted but described John's father as ‘the greatest oppressor this day in England'."

Letters of John Chamberlain Volume 1 199. [2nd May 1610] The Lord Treasurer (age 46) hath sent over his secretarie Kirkham to take order to furnish the Lord Cranbourne (age 19) with all necessaries to follow the French king in this journy, and more of our court gallants talke of taking the same course yf the viage hold. Indeed yt were fitter they had some place abrode to vent theyre superfluous valour then to brabble so much as they do here at home: for in one weeke we had three or fowre great quarrells, the first twixt the earles of Southampton (age 36) and Mongomerie (age 25) that fell out at tennis, where the racketts flew about theyre cares, but the matter was taken up and compounded by the King without further bloudshed, but the matter was not so easilie ended twixt younge Egerton eldest1 sonne to Sir John (age 59), and one Morgan (age 34) a lawiers sonne of goode state: the first beeing left dead in the feild, and the other sort hurt, and yet cannot be bailed nor dispensed withall but that he lies still by yt in Newgate. The Lord Norris (age 30) likewise went into the feild with Peregrin Willoughby (age 26) upon an old reckening, and hurt him daungerously in the shoulder.

Note 1. McClure has this as 'James' rather than 'John'. He was a younger son.

On 30th April 1636 Thomas Leventhorpe 2nd Baronet (age 43) was killed in a duel with Arthur Capell of Little Hadham (age 50). His son John (age 6) succeeded 3rd Baronet Leventhorpe of Shingey Hall in Hertfordshire.

In 1644 Charles Crofts (age 21) was killed in a duel with the queen's dwarf Geoffrey Hudson. See Letters of Herietta Maria

On 22nd August 1661 Roger Grosvenor (age 33) was killed in a duel by his cousin Hugh Roberts.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 6th August 1662. So to my Lord's; and he is also gone: this being a great day at the Council about some business at the Council before the King (age 32). Here I met with Mr. Pierce, the chyrurgeon, who told me how Mr. Edward Montagu (age 27) hath lately had a duell with Mr. Cholmely (age 30), that is first gentleman-usher to the Queen (age 23), and was a messenger from the King to her in Portugall, and is a fine gentleman; but had received many affronts from Mr. Montagu, and some unkindness from my Lord, upon his score (for which I am sorry). He proved too hard for Montagu, and drove him so far backward that he fell into a ditch, and dropt his sword, but with honour would take no advantage over him; but did give him his life: and the world says Mr. Montagu did carry himself very poorly in the business, and hath lost his honour for ever with all people in it, of which I am very glad, in hopes that it will humble him. I hear also that he hath sent to my Lord to borrow £400, giving his brother Harvey's' security for it, and that my Lord will lend it him, for which I am sorry.

1662 Montagu Chomeley Duel

Calendar of State Papers Charles II 18 Aug 1662. 18th August 1662. 59. -- to [Lord Conway]. Welcomes him to Dublin. Hopes he has received the tender of his brother Dering's service. The Doctors are both at Tunbridge, and are going to Italy. The writer's cousin, Hugh Cholmley (age 30), has fought a duel with Edward Montague (age 27), without harm, and Henry Jermyn (age 26) and Giles Rawlins against one of the Howards (age 31) and Lord Dillon's son; it was fought in St. James's Fields, Pall Mall, at 11am. Rawlins is slain, Jermyn wounded, and the other two fled. The King intends to proclaim Tangiers a free port for five years. The London ministers who will not conform have parted from their congregations with great temper. Damaged.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 19th August 1662. By and by to sit at the office; and Mr. Coventry (age 34) did tell us of the duell between Mr. Jermyn (age 26), nephew to my Lord St. Albans (age 57), and Colonel Giles Rawlins, the latter of whom is killed, and the first mortally wounded, as it is thought. They fought against Captain Thomas Howard (age 31), my Lord Carlisle's (age 33) brother, and another unknown; who, they say, had armour on that they could not be hurt, so that one of their swords went up to the hilt against it. They had horses ready, and are fled. But what is most strange, Howard sent one challenge, but they could not meet, and then another, and did meet yesterday at the old Pall Mall [Map] at St. James's, and would not to the last tell Jermyn what the quarrel was; nor do any body know. The Court is much concerned in this fray, and I am glad of it; hoping that it will cause some good laws against it.

In 1666 Robert Carnegie 3rd Earl Southesk (age 17) was imprisoned for wounding George Livingston 3rd Earl Linlithgow (age 49) in a duel.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 31st October 1666. Out with Sir W. Batten (age 65) toward White Hall, being in pain in my cods by being squeezed the other night in a little coach when I carried Pierce and his wife and my people. But I hope I shall be soon well again. This day is a great day at the House, so little to do with the Duke of York (age 33), but soon parted. Coming out of the Court I met Colonell Atkins, who tells me the whole city rings to-day of Sir Jeremy Smith's killing of Holmes (age 44) in a duell, at which I was not much displeased, for I fear every day more and more mischief from the man, if he lives; but the thing is not true, for in my coach I did by and by meet Sir Jer. Smith going to Court.

Around 30th July 1667 Henry Belasyse (age 28) was killed in a duel following a drunken quarrel by his friend Thomas Porter over a trivial matter. The event was described by Samuel Pepys: Here Sir Philip Frowde, who sat next to me, did tell me how Sir H. Belasses is dead, and that the quarrel between him and Tom Porter, who is fled, did arise in the ridiculous fashion that I was first told it, which is a strange thing between two so good friends.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 8th August 1667. Up, and all the morning at the office, where busy, and at noon home to dinner, where Creed dined with us, who tells me that Sir Henry Bellasses (deceased) is dead of the duell he fought about ten days ago, with Tom Porter; and it is pretty to see how the world talk of them as a couple of fools, that killed one another out of love.

Buckingham Shrewsbury Duel

On 16th March 1668 Francis Talbot 11th Earl of Shrewsbury (age 45) died from wounds received duelling. He was buried at Albrighton, Shropshire. His son Charles (age 7) succeeded 12th Earl of Shrewsbury, 12th Earl Waterford.

An alternative version of his death is that is was from heart disease. The autopsy after his death showed the sword wound was perfectly healed but his liver and heart were in a very bad state.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 1st March 1669. Up, and to White Hall to the Committee of Tangier, but it did not meet. But here I do hear first that my Lady Paulina Montagu (deceased) did die yesterday; at which I went to my Lord's lodgings, but he is shut up with sorrow, and so not to be spoken with: and therefore I returned, and to Westminster Hall [Map], where I have not been, I think, in some months. And here the Hall was very full, the King (age 38) having, by Commission to some Lords this day, prorogued the Parliament till the 19th of October next: at which I am glad, hoping to have time to go over to France this year. But I was most of all surprised this morning by my Lord Bellassis (age 54), who, by appointment, met me at Auditor Wood's, at the Temple [Map], and tells me of a duell designed between the Duke of Buckingham (age 41) and my Lord Halifax (age 35), or Sir W. Coventry (age 41); the challenge being carried by Harry Saville (age 27), but prevented by my Lord Arlington (age 51), and the King told of it; and this was all the discourse at Court this day. But I, meeting Sir W. Coventry in the Duke of York's (age 35) chamber, he would not own it to me, but told me that he was a man of too much peace to meddle with fighting, and so it rested: but the talk is full in the town of the business.

Battle of Sedgemoor

On 6th July 1685 Sharington Talbot (age 29) was killed in a duel with Captain Love over whose troops fought better at the Battle of Sedgemoor which had been fought earlier the same day.

On 20th March 1688 George Killigrew (age 24) was killed in a duel or a tavern brawl.

On 19th December 1688 Captain Walter Littleton was killed in a duel by Captain Charles Adderley, a protestant officer of the Royal Horse Guards.

In 1692 Charles Mohun 4th Baron Mohun Okehampton (age 17) fought his first duel with John Kennedy 7th Earl Cassilis (age 38)

On 4th February 1692 Bourchier Wrey 4th Baronet (age 39) duelled with Thomas Bulkeley (age 59) in which of the six men engaged as principals and seconds five were MPs; two of the seconds were slightly wounded at Hyde Park [Map]. Bourchier Wrey 4th Baronet was seriously injured.

On 6th October 1692 Captain Philip Lawson was killed in a duel by his brother-in-law Charles Knollys 4th Earl Banbury (age 30). The House of Lords decided that he was not a Peer (there was doubt over the paternity of his father), and he pleaded in the King's Bench. The second husband his wife Anna Maria Knollys (age 36) had lost to dueling.

On 9th April 1694 Southampton Square was the location of a duel between 23-year-old Scottish economist and financier John Law and Edward 'Beau' Wilson. Law killed Wilton with a single pass and thrust of his sword. Law would be convicted of murder and sentenced to death, but would escape his condemned cell and go on to become the founder of the Mississippi Company and the de facto prime minister of France.

In May 1694 Bourchier Wrey 4th Baronet (age 41) duelled with James Praed (age 39). He was run through the body, Praed being only hurt slightly in the face at Falmouth, Cornwall.

On 12th April 1696 Henry Bourchier Fane (age 27) was killed in a duel with Elizeus Burges at Leicester Fields Leicester Square.

On 20th August 1698 Oliver le Neve (age 36) and Henry Hobart 4th Baronet (age 41) fought a duel at Cawston Heath, Norfolk. Henry Hobart 4th Baronet received a fatal wound; he died the next day.

On 20th August 1698 Henry Hobart 4th Baronet (age 41) died from wounds he had received in a duel with Oliver le Neve (age 36) at Cawston Heath, Norfolk. His son John (age 4) succeeded 5th Baronet Hobart of Intwood in Norfolk.

In 1699 Edward Rich 6th Earl Warwick 3rd Earl Holland (age 26) and Charles Mohun 4th Baron Mohun Okehampton (age 24) were tried for the murder of Richard Coote following a duel on Leicester Square and found guilty of manslaughter. He escaped punishment by pleading privilege of peerage. He and Mohun had killed Coote in a duel and it was common for a seventeenth-century jury in such cases to take a lenient view of such matters.

On 4th June 1699 Popham Seymour-Conway (age 24) drunkenly duelled with Captain George Kirk of the Royal Horse Guards; he was wounded in the neck.

On 18th June 1699 he died from wounds received duelling. His estates were inherited by his younger brother Francis Seymour-Conway 1st Baron Conway (age 20).

On 22nd August 1701 Ferdinando Forster (age 31) was killed in a duel by John Fenwick. Ferdinando slipped on the cobbles before the duel commenced, and was run through by John Fenwick. As Ferdinando had slipped this was regarded as murder and exactly one month later, Fenwick was hanged on the same spot, the authorities having barred all the city gates to prevent any attempt by supporters, to rescue the condemned man.

In the annals of the line of "Bamburgh Forsters", Ferdinando is known only for his untimely end, and for his armour hanging in the Chancel of St Aidan's church, Bamburgh. It has been suggested that in a brawl at a Newcastle pub, Ferdinando, MP for Berwick, and Fenwick taunted each other with partisan political songs. But there seems to be more to it…

On 9th May 1711 Cholmley Dering 4th Baronet (age 31) was killed in a duel at Tothill Fields [Map]. His son Edward (age 6) succeeded 5th Baronet Dering of Surrenden Dering in Kent. The duel, unusually with pistols rather than swords, was with Richard Thornhill with whom Dering had argued in a pub near Hampton Court Palace, Richmond [Map] two days previously; Thornhill had afterwards sent Dering a note challenging him to a duel. Both pistols were fired but only Dering was hit. Richard Thornhill was tried for murder but convicted of the lesser offence of manslaughter. Thornhill was murdered three months later.

Hamilton-Mohun Duel

On 15th November 1712 Charles Mohun 4th Baron Mohun Okehampton (age 37) duelled with James Hamilton Duke Hamilton, 1st Duke Brandon (age 54) at Hyde Park [Map] over a legal dispute about the estate and inheritance of the late Earl Macclesfield. Mohun had married Charlotte Orby Baroness Mohun Okehampton grand-daughter of Charles Gerard 1st Earl Macclesfield. James Hamilton Duke Hamilton, 1st Duke Brandon had married Elizabeth Gerard Duchess Brandon (age 32). The two seconds, Macartney and Colonel Hamilton, were both charged as accessories to murder. Hamilton gave himself up, Macartney fled into exile in Hanover. Colonel Hamilton was found guilty of manslaughter.

James Hamilton Duke Hamilton, 1st Duke Brandon died from wounds received duelling. His son James (age 9) succeeded 5th Duke Hamilton, 2nd Duke Brandon of Suffolk, 2nd Baron Dutton of Cheshire.

Charles Mohun 4th Baron Mohun Okehampton died from wounds received duelling; his father had also been killed in a duel. Baron Mohun Okehampton and Baronet Mohun of Boconnoc in Cornwall extinct.

On 24th February 1752 Captain Thomas Grey (age 23) was killed in a duel with George Fermor (age 30) at Marylebone Fields. George Fermor was found guilty of manslaughter; he appears to have been sentenced to be burnt in the hand. He succeeded to his father's title the following year. See Letters of Horace Walpole.

Marriage of James Duke Hamilton and Elizabeth Gunning

Letters of Horace Walpole. 27th February 1752. I write this as a sort of letter of form on the occasion, for there is nothing worth telling you. The event that has made most noise since my last, is the extempore wedding of the youngest (age 18) of the two Gunnings, who have made so vehement a noise. Lord Coventry (age 29)295, a grave young lord, of the remains of the patriot breed, has long dangled after the eldest (age 19), virtuously with regard to her virtue, not very honourably with regard to his own credit. About six weeks ago Duke Hamilton (age 27)296, the very reverse of the Earl, hot, debauched, extravagant, and equally damaged in his fortune and person, fell in love with the youngest at the masquerade, and determined to marry her in the spring. About a fortnight since, at an immense assembly at my Lord Chesterfield's, made to show the house, which is really magnificent, Duke Hamilton made violent love at one end of the room, while he was playing at pharaoh at the other end; that is, he saw neither the bank nor his own cards, which were of three hundred pounds each: he soon lost a thousand. I own I was so little a professor in love, that I thought all this parade looked ill for the poor girl; and could not conceive, if he was so much engaged with his mistress as to disregard such sums, why he played at all. However, two nights afterwards, being left alone with her while her mother and sister were at Bedford House, he found himself so impatient, that he sent for a parson. The doctor refused to perform the ceremony without license or ring: the Duke swore he would send for the Archbishop-at last they were married with a ring of the bed-curtain, at half an hour after twelve at night, at Mayfair chapel297, The Scotch are enraged; the women mad that so much beauty has had its effect; and what is most silly, my Lord Coventry declares that he now will marry the other.

Poor Lord Lempster (age 30) has just killed an officer298 in a duel, about a play-debt, and I fear was in the wrong. There is no end of his misfortunes and wrong-headedness!-Where is Mr. Conway!-Adieu!

Note 295. George-William, sixth Earl of Coventry. He died in 1809, at the age of eighty-seven.-E.

Note 296. James, fourth Duke of Hamilton. He died in 1758.-D.

Note 297. On the 14th of February.-E.

Note 298. Captain Gray of the Guards (deceased). The duel was fought, with swords, in Marylebone Fields. Lord Lempster took his trial at the Old Bailey in April, and was found guilty of manslaughter.-E.

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On 3rd August 1769 or 25th August 1769 James Agar (age 55) was killed in a duel with Henry Flood (age 37) his political rival. James, who missed with his first shot, reputedly shouted "Fire, you scoundrel!": Flood duly fired. Flood was prosecuted for murder, but was found guilty of manslaughter, and spared a prison sentence, as according to the code of the time he had acted honourably. The case, which aroused huge public interest.

On 7th May 1771 Edward Ligonier 1st Earl Ligonier (age 31) duelled at Green Park with Vittorio Amadeo, Count Alfieri, with whom he believed his wife Penelope Pitt Viscountess Ligonier (age 22) was conducting an affair.

In 1776 Richard Fitzgerald (age 43) was killed in a duel by his daughter's father-in-law Edward King 1st Earl Kingston (age 49).

On 25th September 1777 John Tollemache (age 27) was killed in a duel in New York by Lowther Pennington who had written a sonnet derogatory to Tollemache's wife Bridget Henley. Tollemache was run through with a sword. Pennington received seven wounds but survived. His son John Tollemache (age 2) was adopted by Lionel Tollemache 5th Earl Dysart (age 43).

On 26th March 1797 William Brabazon 9th Earl Meath (age 27) and Captain Robert Gore of Seaview, County Wicklow, duelled on the Hill of Cookstown near Enniskerry County Wicklow on the land of a Mr Buckley, tenant of lord Powerscourt (age 34). The two gentlemen stood twelve yards apart and at a little before 10am the first fire was shot and the Earl of Meath received a ball in his thigh, which ended the duel. The Earl was unable to stand and the ball could not be extracted from his thigh. The Earl died two months later.

The dispute which led up to the duel that resulted in the death of William Brabazon all stemmed from the forming of two adjoining Cavalry Corpses in North County Wicklow. One was the Bray Yeomanry Corps and the other was the Mount-kennedy Corps. The dispute revolved around the recruitment of local men of each corps and that some of men were recruited by both Corps. Gore was the commander of the Mount Kennedy Corps and the young Earl of Meath was the commander of the Bray Corps. Several messages were exchanged between the two gentlemen regarding one or two of the mentioned recruits which it seems lead to the Earl of Meath apparently charging Gore of a mis-falsehood, which the Earl apparently would not withdraw. This resulted in Gore feeling he had to defend his honour.

On 26th May 1797 William Brabazon 9th Earl Meath (age 27) died from wounds received duelling. His brother John (age 25) succeeded 10th Earl Meath, 11th Baron Ardee.

In 1807 Francis Burdett 5th Baronet (age 36) fought a duel with James Paull 1770–1808 the reform candidate for the City of Westminster; both were wounded.

On 28th February 1809 Charles John Cary 9th Viscount Falkland (age 40) was shot through the groing during a duel with Arthur Annesley Roberts aka Powell. On 2nd March 1809 Charles John Cary 9th Viscount Falkland died from wounds received duelling. His son Lucius (age 5) succeeded 10th Viscount Falkland. He was buried at the Grosvenor Chapel, Mayfair.

Saint James's Chronicle, 7 March 1809:

Various erroneous statements have appeared, respecting the unfortunate duel betwixt Lord Falkland and Mr Powell; but the following particulars we are told, may be relied on: Lord Falkland dined at Mr Powell's house with a large party on the Saturday preceding the duel. The party broke up early, and Lord F and Mr P went to the opera together, having drunk a good deal of wine.

They returned from the opera to Stephen's Hotel, Bond Street, and parted as they had met, intimate friends, but in a state of inebriety. It was after this that Lord Falkland visited the Mount coffee house. On Sunday evening, Lord F looked in at Stephens's again and espying his friend, Mr Powell, he accosted him, in words, similar to these ‘What! Drunk again tonight, Pogey?' and it is understood neither was at this time perfectly sober.

Mr Powell did not relish the mode in which he had been accosted, and after a retort, Lord F snatched a cane from a gentleman's hand, and used it about his friend. The waiter and some gentlemen present, extricated Mr Powell, who retired; but the waiter met his Lordship's displeasure. On the following morning Lord Falkland went to Mr Powell's house, and apologised, by asking that gentleman's pardon, an attributing his rash conduct to inebriety. Mr Powell observed that he could not accept of his Lordship's apology, unless made at Stephen's before the persons who were present at the outrage, or to make a public one in another way.

Lord Falkland could not accede to this proposition; but in the afternoon of the same day (Monday), Captain Cotton waited on him from Mr Powell, to state that if he (Lord F) would allow Captain C to make the public apology for him at Mr Powell's house, and shortly after Mr Powell sent him challenge.

Lord F appeared much hurt after he had receive the challenge, and he did not take his wine as usual, at dinner, on Monday, on which day Mr P. and others, who dined on the Saturday at his house, were to have dined with Lord Falkland His Lordship did not go to bed on Monday night, but threw himself on his sofa, and gave strict orders to his servant to call him, to be at the Admiralty at eight o'clock in the morning.

The parties met at Golder's Green, at eleven o'clock, attended by their seconds, and two surgeons. By etiquette Mr P. fired first and inflicted the mortal wound. Lord F stood for above a minute in his position; and then threw his pistol away without discharging its contents. It is well understood that his Lordship never intended to fire at his antagonist, for he was aware he had done wrong, but he conceived his honour called him to the field, rather than make the apology required. On the arrival of his Lordship on the stones in a post chaise, he requested of Mr B. his second, to stop the chaise, as he could not bear the sensation it occasioned, but requested to be conveyed home in a hammock on the men's shoulders.

During the stoppage of the chaise, Mr Powell and Captain C, his second, overtook them, and the latter gentleman, on ascertaining the cause of the stoppage, observed, that Powell's house was near at hand, and Lord F instantly expressed a desire to go there in preference to any other house, for the world would then be convinced he owed no animosity to his antagonist.

On Mr Heaviside examining the wound, his Lordship observed that he wish to know the state of it candidly. He had seen many wounds cured on board ship, and he begged of the surgeon to treat him in the way a ship's surgeon would a wounded sailor. He vomited freely, and wished to know if there was no probability of throwing up the ball. Once Mr Heaviside having done what he could he requested as a favour, that he would go to Dorant's, and make his lady acquainted with his real state; this was done, and Lady F soon arrived at Devonshire place.

His Lordship suffered greatly the first twelve hours, but his pain was eased, and he died gradually, while his Lady, who was attentively watching him at his bedside, thought he was sleeping.

The deceased was appointed to a 74 gunship, which is to take Lord Amherst to Sicily. His Lady whom he married in the West Indies in the year 1803, was the daughter of a merchant of the first respectability. She has three sons and a daughter, the eldest boy begin only five years old, and who succeeds to the title of Lord Falkland. Mr Powell is a man of considerable fortune. He was separated from his Lady some time since, and she now lives on an annuity of £500 a year at Ramsgate.

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On 30th May 1809, in the morning, on Wimbledon Common Wimbledon, Surrey, Henry Cadogan (age 29) and Henry William Paget 1st Marquess Anglesey (age 41) duelled. Both men discharged their pistols, honour was satisfied and the parties left the field uninjured.

On 27th March 1822 Alexander Boswell 1st Baronet (age 46) died from wounds received duelling. The previous day he had fought a duel with James Stuart of Dunearn. Boswell fired wide, Stuart, who had never before handled a gun, hit Boswell's collar bone, fatally injuring him. Stuart was subsequently tried for murder and found not guilty. More than 11,000 people attended Boswell's funeral and the funeral procession was over a mile long. His son James (age 16) succeeded 2nd Baronet Boswell of Auchinleck in Ayrshire.