Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses

Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.

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Biography of Ernest Louis Hesse Darmstadt Grand Duke 1868-1937

Paternal Family Tree: Hesse

Maternal Family Tree: Gersenda II Sabran Countess Provence 1180-1242

Ernest Louis Hesse Darmstadt Grand Duke succeeded Louis Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine. Eleonore Solms Hohensolms Lich Grand Duchess by marriage Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine.

On 1st July 1862 [his father] Prince Louis Hesse Darmstadt IV Grand Duke [aged 24] and [his mother] Princess Alice Saxe Coburg Gotha [aged 19] were married at Osborne House, Isle of Wight. She the daughter of [his grandfather] Prince Albert Saxe Coburg Gotha and [his grandmother] Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom [aged 43].

On 25th November 1868 Ernest Louis Hesse Darmstadt Grand Duke was born to [his father] Prince Louis Hesse Darmstadt IV Grand Duke [aged 31] and [his mother] Princess Alice Saxe Coburg Gotha [aged 25]. He a grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

On 13th June 1877 [his father] Prince Louis Hesse Darmstadt IV Grand Duke [aged 39] was appointed IV Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine.

On 14th December 1878 [his mother] Princess Alice Saxe Coburg Gotha [aged 35] died.

Double Heese Darmstadt Marriage

On 30th April 1884 father and daughter, Prince Louis Hesse Darmstadt IV Grand Duke [aged 46] and Victoria Hesse Darmstadt Marchioness Milford Haven [aged 21], were both married on the same, or near, days, he taking advantage pf his relatives being in Darmstadt for his daughter's wedding. He, apparently, didn't approve of his daughter's choice of his first cousin Prince Louis of Battenburg 1st Marquess Milford Haven [aged 29] since they, Prince Louis of Battenburg 1st Marquess Milford Haven and Victoria Hesse Darmstadt Marchioness Milford Haven would live in Britain.

Prince Louis of Battenburg 1st Marquess Milford Haven and Victoria Hesse Darmstadt Marchioness Milford Haven were married. She the daughter of Prince Louis Hesse Darmstadt IV Grand Duke and Princess Alice Saxe Coburg Gotha. They were first cousin once removed. She a granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

In the evening Prince Louis Hesse Darmstadt IV Grand Duke and Alexandrina Hutten Czapska [aged 29] were married. She being his former mistress. Apparently, they separated within a week and the marriage was annulled within three months.

On 13th March 1892 [his father] Prince Louis Hesse Darmstadt IV Grand Duke [aged 54] died.

On 19th April 1894 Ernest Louis Hesse Darmstadt Grand Duke [aged 25] and Victoria Melita Windsor [aged 17] were married. She the daughter of Prince Alfred Windsor [aged 49] and Maria Holstein Gottorp Romanov [aged 40]. He the son of Prince Louis Hesse Darmstadt IV Grand Duke and Princess Alice Saxe Coburg Gotha. They were first cousins. He a grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. She a granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

On 11th March 1895 [his daughter] Elisabeth Hesse Darmstadt was born to Ernest Louis Hesse Darmstadt Grand Duke [aged 26] and [his wife] Victoria Melita Windsor [aged 18]. She a great granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. Coefficient of inbreeding 9.22%. She died aged eight in 1903.

On 25th May 1900 [his son] Stillborn Hesse Darmstadt was born to Ernest Louis Hesse Darmstadt Grand Duke [aged 31] and [his wife] Victoria Melita Windsor [aged 23]. He a great grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. Coefficient of inbreeding 9.22%.

In 1901 Ernest Louis Hesse Darmstadt Grand Duke [aged 32] and Victoria Melita Windsor [aged 24] were divorced.

On 16th November 1903 [his daughter] Elisabeth Hesse Darmstadt [aged 8] died.

The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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On 2nd February 1905 Ernest Louis Hesse Darmstadt Grand Duke [aged 36] and Eleonore Solms Hohensolms Lich Grand Duchess were married. He the son of Prince Louis Hesse Darmstadt IV Grand Duke and Princess Alice Saxe Coburg Gotha.

On 8th October 1905 Cyril Vladimirovich Holstein Gottorp Romanov [aged 28] and [his former wife] Victoria Melita Windsor [aged 28] were married. She the daughter of [his uncle] Prince Alfred Windsor and [his former mother-in-law] Maria Holstein Gottorp Romanov [aged 51]. They were first cousins. She a granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

On 8th November 1906 [his son] Georg Donatus Hesse Darmstadt Grand Duke was born to Ernest Louis Hesse Darmstadt Grand Duke [aged 37] and [his wife] Eleonore Solms Hohensolms Lich Grand Duchess. He a great grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. He married 1931 his first cousin once removed Cecilie Glücksburg Grand Duchess and had issue.

In 1908 [his son] Louis Hesse Darmstadt Prince Hesse and by Rhine was born to Ernest Louis Hesse Darmstadt Grand Duke [aged 39] and [his wife] Eleonore Solms Hohensolms Lich Grand Duchess. He a great grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. He married Margaret Geddes, daughter of Auckland Geddes 1st Baron Geddes.

On 15th July 1909 Alfonso Orléans Galliera Duke Galliera [aged 22] and [his former sister-in-law] Beatrice Windsor Duchess Galliera [aged 25] were married at Coburg. She by marriage Duchess Galliera. She the daughter of [his uncle] Prince Alfred Windsor and [his former mother-in-law] Maria Holstein Gottorp Romanov [aged 55].

On 7th November 1917 [his brother-in-law] Prince Louis of Battenburg 1st Marquess Milford Haven [aged 63] was created 1st Marquess Milford Haven. [his sister] Victoria Hesse Darmstadt Marchioness Milford Haven [aged 54] by marriage Marchioness Milford Haven.

In 1931 Georg Donatus Hesse Darmstadt Grand Duke [aged 24] and Cecilie Glücksburg Grand Duchess [aged 19] were married. She by marriage Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine. He the son of Ernest Louis Hesse Darmstadt Grand Duke [aged 62] and Eleonore Solms Hohensolms Lich Grand Duchess. They were first cousin once removed. He a great grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. She a great x 2 granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

On 2nd March 1936 [his former wife] Victoria Melita Windsor [aged 59] died.

On 9th October 1937 Ernest Louis Hesse Darmstadt Grand Duke [aged 68] died.

Royal Ancestors of Ernest Louis Hesse Darmstadt Grand Duke 1868-1937

Kings Wessex: Great x 24 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England

Kings Gwynedd: Great x 22 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 28 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth

Kings Powys: Great x 23 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys

Kings Godwinson: Great x 23 Grand Son of King Harold II of England

Kings England: Grand Son of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom

Kings Scotland: Great x 23 Grand Son of King Duncan I of Scotland

Kings Franks: Great x 30 Grand Son of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor

Kings France: Great x 15 Grand Son of Charles "Beloved Mad" VI King France

Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 28 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine

Ancestors of Ernest Louis Hesse Darmstadt Grand Duke 1868-1937

Great x 4 Grandfather: Landgrave Louis VIII of Hesse-Darmstadt 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Landgrave Louis IX of Hesse-Darmstadt 12 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Louis I Grand Duke of Hesse 13 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Count Palatine Christian III of Zweibrücken

Great x 3 Grandmother: Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken

Great x 1 Grandfather: Louis Hesse Darmstadt II Grand Duke 14 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

GrandFather: Karl Wilhelm Hesse Darmstadt 15 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Grand Duke Charles Frederick of Baden

Great x 2 Grandfather: Prince Charles Louis of Baden 13 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Landgrave Louis VIII of Hesse-Darmstadt 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Caroline Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 1 Grandmother: Princess Wilhelmine Baden 14 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Landgrave Louis VIII of Hesse-Darmstadt 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Landgrave Louis IX of Hesse-Darmstadt 12 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Princess Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt 13 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Count Palatine Christian III of Zweibrücken

Great x 3 Grandmother: Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken

Father: Prince Louis Hesse Darmstadt IV Grand Duke 16 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

GrandMother: Elizabeth Prussia

Ernest Louis Hesse Darmstadt Grand Duke Grand Son of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom

Great x 4 Grandfather: Francis Josias Saxe Coburg Saalfeld Duke Saxe Coburg Saalfeld 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Ernest Frederick Saxe Coburg Saalfeld Duke Saxe Coburg Saalfeld 12 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Duchess Anna Sophie Of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Francis Saxe Coburg Gotha I Duke Saxe Coburg Gotha 13 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Ferdinand Albert II Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 14 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Sophia Antonia Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Duchess Saxe Coburg Saalfeld 15 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Princess Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 15 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 1 Grandfather: Ernest Saxe Coburg Gotha I Duke Saxe Coburg Gotha 14 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Heinrich XXIV Count Reuss of Ebersdorf

Great x 2 Grandmother: Augusta Reuss Duchess Saxe Coburg Gotha 13 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: George August Count of Erbach Schonberg

Great x 3 Grandmother: Karoline Ernestine of Erbach Schonberg 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Ferdinande Henriette Countess of Stolberg Gedern 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

GrandFather: Prince Albert Saxe Coburg Gotha 15 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Duke Frederick III of Saxe Coburg Altenburg III 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Duke Ernest of Saxe Coburg Altenburg 12 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Luise Dorothea Saxe Meiningen Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg

Great x 2 Grandfather: Duke Augustus of Saxe Coburg Altenburg 13 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Anton Ulrich Duke of Saxe Meiningen

Great x 3 Grandmother: Charlotte Saxe Meiningen Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg

Great x 1 Grandmother: Duchess Louise Dorothea of Saxe Coburg Altenburg 14 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Duke Louis of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 15 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Grand Duke Frederick Francis I of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 13 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Charlotte Sophie Saxe Coburg Saalfeld 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Louise Charlotte Mecklenburg-Schwerin 13 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Johann August Saxe Coburg Altenburg 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Mother: Princess Alice Saxe Coburg Gotha Daughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom

Great x 4 Grandfather: King George II of Great Britain and Ireland 2 x Great Grand Son of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland

Great x 3 Grandfather: Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales Son of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandmother: Caroline Hohenzollern Queen Consort England 15 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: King George III of Great Britain and Ireland Grand Son of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Frederick Saxe Coburg Altenburg II Duke Saxe Gotha Altenburg 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Augusta Saxe Coburg Altenburg 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Magdalena Augusta Anhalt-Zerbst Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg

Great x 1 Grandfather: Edward Augustus Hanover 1st Duke Kent and Strathearn Son of King George III of Great Britain and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Duke Adolphus Frederick II of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 13 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Charles Louis Frederick Duke of Mecklenburg 14 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Christiane Emilie of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen

Great x 2 Grandmother: Charlotte Mecklenburg Strelitz Queen Consort England 13 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Ernest Frederick Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Princess Elisabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Countess Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach

GrandMother: Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom Grand Daughter of King George III of Great Britain and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Francis Josias Saxe Coburg Saalfeld Duke Saxe Coburg Saalfeld 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Ernest Frederick Saxe Coburg Saalfeld Duke Saxe Coburg Saalfeld 12 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Duchess Anna Sophie Of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Francis Saxe Coburg Gotha I Duke Saxe Coburg Gotha 13 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Ferdinand Albert II Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 14 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Sophia Antonia Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Duchess Saxe Coburg Saalfeld 15 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Princess Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 15 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 1 Grandmother: Marie Luise Victoria Saxe Coburg Gotha Duchess Kent and Strathearn 14 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Heinrich XXIV Count Reuss of Ebersdorf

Great x 2 Grandmother: Augusta Reuss Duchess Saxe Coburg Gotha 13 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: George August Count of Erbach Schonberg

Great x 3 Grandmother: Karoline Ernestine of Erbach Schonberg 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Ferdinande Henriette Countess of Stolberg Gedern 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England