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The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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John Byng 1st Earl Strafford 1772-1860

Paternal Family Tree: Byng

Maternal Family Tree: Anne Smithson 1652-

On 5th March 1761 [his father] George Byng [aged 26] and [his mother] Anne Conolly were married.

In 1772 John Byng 1st Earl Strafford was born to George Byng [aged 37] and Anne Conolly.

On 27th October 1789 [his father] George Byng [aged 54] died.

On 14th June 1804 John Byng 1st Earl Strafford [aged 32] and Mary Stevens Mackenzie were married.

On 8th June 1806 [his son] George Byng 2nd Earl Strafford was born to John Byng 1st Earl Strafford [aged 34] and [his wife] Mary Stevens Mackenzie. He married 1. 7th March 1829 Agnes Paget, daughter of Henry William Paget 1st Marquess Anglesey and Caroline Elizabeth Villiers Duchess Argyll, and had issue 2. 16th March 1848 Harriet Cavendish Countess Strafford, daughter of Charles Compton Cavendish 1st Baron Chesham and Catherine Susan Gordon Baroness Chesham, and had issue.

On 17th June 1806 [his wife] Mary Stevens Mackenzie died.

On 9th May 1809 John Byng 1st Earl Strafford [aged 37] and Marianne James were married.

On 7th March 1829 George Byng 2nd Earl Strafford [aged 22] and Agnes Paget [aged 25] were married. She the daughter of Henry William Paget 1st Marquess Anglesey [aged 60] and Caroline Elizabeth Villiers Duchess Argyll [aged 54]. He the son of John Byng 1st Earl Strafford [aged 57] and Mary Stevens Mackenzie.

On 8th May 1835 John Byng [aged 63] was created 1st Baron Strafford of Harmondsworth in Middlesex. [his wife] Marianne James by marriage Baroness Strafford of Harmondsworth in Middlesex.

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Memoires of Jacques du Clercq

This is a translation of the 'Memoires of Jacques du Clercq', published in 1823 in two volumes, edited by Frederic, Baron de Reissenberg. In his introduction Reissenberg writes: 'Jacques du Clercq tells us that he was born in 1424, and that he was a licentiate in law and a counsellor to Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, in the castellany of Douai, Lille, and Orchies. It appears that he established his residence at Arras. In 1446, he married the daughter of Baldwin de la Lacherie, a gentleman who lived in Lille. We read in the fifth book of his Memoirs that his father, also named Jacques du Clercq, had married a lady of the Le Camelin family, from Compiègne. His ancestors, always attached to the counts of Flanders, had constantly served them, whether in their councils or in their armies.' The Memoires cover a period of nineteen years beginning in in 1448, ending in in 1467. It appears that the author had intended to extend the Memoirs beyond that date; no doubt illness or death prevented him from carrying out this plan. As Reissenberg writes the 'merit of this work lies in the simplicity of its narrative, in its tone of good faith, and in a certain air of frankness which naturally wins the reader’s confidence.' Du Clercq ranges from events of national and international importance, including events of the Wars of the Roses in England, to simple, everyday local events such as marriages, robberies, murders, trials and deaths, including that of his own father in Book 5; one of his last entries.

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On 18th August 1835 [his son-in-law] Walter Stirling 2nd Baronet [aged 33] and Caroline Frances Byng were married. She the daughter of John Byng 1st Earl Strafford [aged 63] and Marianne James.

On 26th October 1845 [his wife] Marianne James died.

On 28th August 1847 John Byng Viscount Enfield [aged 75] was created 1st Earl Strafford, 1st Viscount Enfield of Enfield in Middlesex.

On 16th March 1848 George Byng 2nd Earl Strafford [aged 41] and Harriet Cavendish Countess Strafford [aged 27] were married. He the son of John Byng 1st Earl Strafford [aged 76] and Mary Stevens Mackenzie.

On 3rd June 1860 John Byng 1st Earl Strafford [aged 88] died. His son George [aged 53] succeeded 2nd Earl Strafford, 2nd Viscount Enfield of Enfield in Middlesex, 2nd Baron Strafford of Harmondsworth in Middlesex. Harriet Cavendish Countess Strafford [aged 39] by marriage Countess Strafford.

[his daughter] Caroline Frances Byng was born to John Byng 1st Earl Strafford and Marianne James. She married 18th August 1835 Walter Stirling 2nd Baronet and had issue.

Royal Ancestors of John Byng 1st Earl Strafford 1772-1860

Kings Wessex: Great x 23 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England

Kings Gwynedd: Great x 20 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 26 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth

Kings Powys: Great x 21 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys

Kings Godwinson: Great x 23 Grand Son of King Harold II of England

Kings England: Great x 13 Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Kings Scotland: Great x 18 Grand Son of King William I of Scotland

Kings France: Great x 15 Grand Son of King Philip IV of France

Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 27 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine

Kings Spain: Great x 19 Grand Son of Alfonso VII King Castile VII King Leon

Ancestors of John Byng 1st Earl Strafford 1772-1860

Great x 1 Grandfather: George Byng 1st Viscount Torrington

Grandfather: Robert Byng

Father: George Byng

John Byng 1st Earl Strafford 13 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England

Grandfather: William James Conolly

Mother: Anne Conolly 12 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: William Wentworth 1st Baronet 7 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: William Wentworth of Ahsby 8 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Atkins Baroness Wentworth Woodhouse

Great x 2 Grandfather: William Wentworth of Northgatehead 9 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England

Great x 1 Grandfather: Thomas Wentworth 1st Earl Strafford 10 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Allen Apsley

Great x 3 Grandfather: Captain Allen Apsley 9 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Lucy St John 8 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Isabella Apsley 10 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Frances Petre

Grandmother: Anne Wentworth 11 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Henry Johnson

Great x 2 Grandfather: Henry Johnson Baron Wentworth

Great x 1 Grandmother: Anne Johnson Countess Strafford

Great x 4 Grandfather: Hugh Smithson 1st Baronet

Great x 3 Grandfather: Hugh Smithson

Great x 2 Grandmother: Anne Smithson