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Chronicle of the Abbey of Evesham

The Chronicle of the Abbey of Evesham is a remarkable medieval history of one of England’s great Benedictine monasteries. Beginning with the abbey’s legendary and royal foundations, it traces the fortunes of Evesham through centuries of religious devotion, political conflict, legal struggle, rebuilding, reform, and royal patronage. At the heart of the chronicle is the abbey’s determination to defend its ancient liberties. Its monks record disputes with bishops, appeals to popes and papal legates, contested elections of abbots, lawsuits over lands and privileges, and the long struggle to preserve Evesham’s exemption from episcopal control. Alongside these institutional battles are vivid accounts of saints and miracles, including St Ecgwine, St Odulf and the royal martyr St Wistan, whose relics and cult formed an important part of the abbey’s identity. The chronicle also preserves a wealth of detail about everyday monastic life. It describes the building and repair of churches, cloisters, chapels, halls, mills, granges and fishponds; the acquisition of estates and revenues; the making of vestments, shrines, bells and liturgical books; and the provision of food, clothing, recreation and medical care for the monks. Successive abbots emerge not merely as religious superiors but as administrators, builders, patrons, diplomats and defenders of the community. Extending into the later Middle Ages, the narrative reflects the changing political world around Evesham, from the Norman Conquest and the Angevin kings to the Wars of the Roses and the reign of Henry VIII. The result is both a history of a single monastery and a richly detailed record of medieval English religious, legal, economic and political life. This edition offers modern readers direct access to one of the most important monastic chronicles of medieval England, revealing how the monks of Evesham understood their saints, their privileges, their rulers and their place in history.

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Cassandra Willoughby Duchess Chandos 1670-1735

Paternal Family Tree: Willoughby

In 1667 [her father] Francis Willoughby [aged 31] and [her mother] Emma Barnard [aged 21] were married.

On 23rd April 1670 Cassandra Willoughby Duchess Chandos was born to Francis Willoughby [aged 34] and Emma Barnard [aged 24].

On 3rd July 1672 [her father] Francis Willoughby [aged 36] died.

On 8th August 1676 [her step-father] Josiah Child [aged 45] and [her mother] Emma Barnard [aged 30] were married.

On 9th April 1691 [her brother] Thomas Willoughby 1st Baron Middleton [aged 19] and [her sister-in-law] Elizabeth Rothwell Baroness Willoughby and Middleton were married. She by marriage Baroness Willoughby Broke.

On 2nd February 1695 [her future husband] James Brydges 1st Duke Chandos [aged 22] and Mary Lake [aged 26] were married.

In 1703 [her half-brother] Richard Child aka Tylney 1st Earl Tylney [aged 22] and [her sister-in-law] Dorothy Glynne Countess Castlemaine were married.

On 4th August 1713 James Brydges 1st Duke Chandos [aged 40] and Cassandra Willoughby Duchess Chandos [aged 43] were married. They were half first cousins.

On 16th October 1714 [her father-in-law] James Brydges 8th Baron Chandos [aged 72] died at Aconbury, Herefordshire. His son [her husband] James [aged 41] succeeded 9th Baron Chandos of Sudeley, 4th Baronet Brydges of Wilton in Herefordshire. Cassandra Willoughby Duchess Chandos [aged 44] by marriage Baroness Chandos of Sudeley.

On 19th October 1714 [her husband] James Brydges 1st Duke Chandos [aged 41] was created 1st Earl Carnarvon, 1st Viscount Wilton. Cassandra Willoughby Duchess Chandos [aged 44] by marriage Countess Carnarvon.

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Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall

The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.

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In 1719 [her husband] James Brydges 1st Duke Chandos [aged 45] was created 1st Duke Chandos, 1st Marquess Carnarvon. Cassandra Willoughby Duchess Chandos [aged 48] by marriage Duchess Chandos.

On 1st September 1724 [her step-son] John Brydges [aged 21] and Catherine Tollemache were married. She the daughter of Lionel Tollemache 3rd Earl Dysart [aged 75] and Grace Wilbraham Countess Dysart [aged 63]. He the son of [her husband] James Brydges 1st Duke Chandos [aged 51] and Mary Lake.

On 16th October 1725 [her mother] Emma Barnard [aged 79] died.

On 21st December 1728 [her step-son] Henry Brydges 2nd Duke Chandos [aged 20] and Mary Bruce [aged 18] were married. She the daughter of Charles Bruce 4th Earl Elgin 3rd Earl Ailesbury [aged 46] and Anne Savile. He the son of [her husband] James Brydges 1st Duke Chandos [aged 55] and Mary Lake. They were fifth cousins.

On 16th July 1735 Cassandra Willoughby Duchess Chandos [aged 65] died. She was buried at Chandos Mausoleum Church of St Lawrence Whitchurch Lane Little Stanmore.

On 18th April 1736 [her former husband] James Brydges 1st Duke Chandos [aged 63] and Lydia Catherine Van Hatten Duchess Chandos were married. She by marriage Duchess Chandos.

On 9th August 1744 [her former husband] James Brydges 1st Duke Chandos [aged 71] died at Cannons House Little Stanmore. He was buried at Chandos Mausoleum Church of St Lawrence Whitchurch Lane Little Stanmore. His son [her former step-son] Henry [aged 36] succeeded 2nd Duke Chandos, 2nd Marquess Carnarvon, 2nd Earl Carnarvon, 2nd Viscount Wilton, 10th Baron Chandos of Sudeley, 5th Baronet Brydges of Wilton in Herefordshire.

Royal Ancestors of Cassandra Willoughby Duchess Chandos 1670-1735

Kings Wessex: Great x 19 Grand Daughter of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England

Kings Gwynedd: Great x 16 Grand Daughter of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 22 Grand Daughter of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth

Kings Powys: Great x 17 Grand Daughter of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys

Kings Godwinson: Great x 20 Grand Daughter of King Harold II of England

Kings England: Great x 10 Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Kings Scotland: Great x 16 Grand Daughter of King David I of Scotland

Kings France: Great x 12 Grand Daughter of King Philip IV of France

Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 24 Grand Daughter of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine

Kings Spain: Great x 16 Grand Daughter of Alfonso VII King Castile VII King Leon

Ancestors of Cassandra Willoughby Duchess Chandos 1670-1735

Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas Willoughby 7 x Great Grandson of King Henry III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Robert Willoughby 8 x Great Grandson of King Henry III of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas Willoughby 9 x Great Grandson of King Henry III of England

Great x 1 Grandfather: Perceval Willoughby 10 x Great Grandson of King Henry III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Harte

Great x 3 Grandfather: Percival Hart

Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Peche

Great x 2 Grandmother: Catherine Hart 12 x Great Granddaughter of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Great x 4 Grandfather: Edmund Braye 1st Baron Braye

Great x 3 Grandmother: Fridewide Braye 11 x Great Granddaughter of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Great x 4 Grandmother: Jane Halwell Baroness Bray 10 x Great Granddaughter of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Grandfather: Francis Willoughby 8 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Edward Willoughby 10 x Great Grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Henry Willoughby 11 x Great Grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Filiol

Great x 2 Grandfather: Francis Willoughby 6 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas Grey 2nd Marquess Dorset 4 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne Grey 5 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Wotton Marchioness Dorset

Great x 1 Grandmother: Bridget Willoughby 7 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Lyttelton

Great x 3 Grandfather: John Lyttelton of Frankley 5 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Talbot 4 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Elizabeth Lyttelton 6 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Pakington of Hampton Lovett

Great x 3 Grandmother: Bridget Packington

Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Dacres

Father: Francis Willoughby 9 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England

Grandmother: Cassandra Ridgway

Cassandra Willoughby Duchess Chandos 10 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England

Grandfather: Henry Barnard

Mother: Emma Barnard