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The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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Richard Butler 1st Viscount Mountgarret 1500-1571

Paternal Family Tree: Norman

Maternal Family Tree: Alice Fitzeustace Countess Kildare -1495

Richard Butler 1st Viscount Mountgarret and Catharine Barnewell Viscountess Mountgarret were married. She by marriage Viscountess Mountgarret. He the son of Piers "Red" Butler 8th Earl Ormonde 1st Earl Ossory and Margaret Fitzgerald Countess Ormonde and Ossory.

In 1485 [his father] Piers "Red" Butler 8th Earl Ormonde 1st Earl Ossory [aged 18] and [his mother] Margaret Fitzgerald Countess Ormonde and Ossory were married. She the daughter of [his grandfather] Gerald Fitzgerald 8th Earl of Kildare [aged 28] and [his grandmother] Alice Fitzeustace Countess Kildare. They were half third cousin twice removed.

In 1500 Richard Butler 1st Viscount Mountgarret was born to Piers "Red" Butler 8th Earl Ormonde 1st Earl Ossory [aged 33] and Margaret Fitzgerald Countess Ormonde and Ossory.

Before 21st December 1532 [his brother] James Butler 9th Earl Ormonde 2nd Earl Ossory [aged 31] and [his sister-in-law] Joan Fitzgerald Countess Ormonde and Ossory [aged 23] were married. She the daughter of James Fitzgerald 10th Earl Desmond. He the son of [his father] Piers "Red" Butler 8th Earl Ormonde 1st Earl Ossory [aged 65] and [his mother] Margaret Fitzgerald Countess Ormonde and Ossory. They were fifth cousins.

On 26th August 1539 [his father] Piers "Red" Butler 8th Earl Ormonde 1st Earl Ossory [aged 72] died. His son [his brother] James [aged 38] succeeded 9th Earl Ormonde, 2nd Earl Ossory. [his sister-in-law] Joan Fitzgerald Countess Ormonde and Ossory [aged 30] by marriage Countess Ormonde, Countess Ossory.

In 1541 Richard Butler 1st Viscount Mountgarret [aged 41] and Anne Plunkett Viscountess Mountgarret were married. She by marriage Viscountess Mountgarret. He the son of Piers "Red" Butler 8th Earl Ormonde 1st Earl Ossory and Margaret Fitzgerald Countess Ormonde and Ossory.

In August 1548 Francis Bryan [aged 58] and [his former sister-in-law] Joan Fitzgerald Countess Ormonde and Ossory [aged 39] were married. She the daughter of James Fitzgerald 10th Earl Desmond.

On 5th August 1550 Richard Butler 1st Viscount Mountgarret [aged 50] was created 1st Viscount Mountgarret.

In 1551 Gerald Fitzgerald 14th Earl Desmond [aged 18] and [his former sister-in-law] Joan Fitzgerald Countess Ormonde and Ossory [aged 42] were married. No issue. A political marriage; the age difference being twenty-four years. She was the eldest daughter of James Fitzgerald 10th Earl Desmond. The marriage brought a temporary truce to the Desmond and Ormonde factions. The difference in their ages was 24 years; she, unusually, being older than him. She the daughter of James Fitzgerald 10th Earl Desmond. He the son of James Fitzgerald 13th Earl Desmond and More O'Carroll. They were second cousins.

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Westminster Chronicle of King Richard II, 1381-1394

The Westminster Chronicle is one of the most vivid and important narrative sources for the reign of Richard II. Written by an anonymous chronicler closely connected with Westminster Abbey, it covers the years 1381 to 1394, from the Peasants’ Revolt to the political tensions, court ceremonies, diplomatic negotiations, royal progresses, and public crises of Richard’s later reign. Rich in detail the chronicle records major events such as the conflicts between the King and Lords Appellant, King and the City of London, negotiations with France and Scotland, the death and funeral of Queen Anne of Bohemia, the illness of Charles VI of France, and the changing fortunes of leading nobles including John of Gaunt, Thomas of Gloucester, Robert de Vere, and the Earl of Arundel. The Chronicle offers readers a remarkable window into late fourteenth-century England, combining political observation, courtly spectacle, urban drama, ecclesiastical affairs, and moral judgement. It is an essential source for anyone interested in medieval monarchy, London, Westminster, and the troubled reign of Richard II.

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Around 1559 [his nephew] Thomas "Black Tom" Butler 10th Earl Ormonde 3rd Earl Ossory [aged 27] and Elizabeth Berkeley Countess Ormonde and Ossory [aged 24] were married. She by marriage Countess Ormonde, Countess Ossory. He the son of [his brother] James Butler 9th Earl Ormonde 2nd Earl Ossory and [his former sister-in-law] Joan Fitzgerald Countess Ormonde and Ossory [aged 50].

Before 1562 Richard Butler 1st Viscount Mountgarret [aged 61] and Eleanor Butler Viscountess Mountgarret were married. She by marriage Viscountess Mountgarret. He the son of Piers "Red" Butler 8th Earl Ormonde 1st Earl Ossory and Margaret Fitzgerald Countess Ormonde and Ossory. They were first cousins.

Around 1562 [his son] Edmund Butler 2nd Viscount Mountgarret was born to Richard Butler 1st Viscount Mountgarret [aged 62] and [his wife] Eleanor Butler Viscountess Mountgarret. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.26%. He married Grizzel Fitzpatrick Viscountess Mountgarret, daughter of Barnaby Fitzpatrick 1st Baron Ossory, and had issue.

On 20th May 1571 Richard Butler 1st Viscount Mountgarret [aged 71] died. His son Edmund [aged 9] succeeded 2nd Viscount Mountgarret.

[his son] John Butler was born to Richard Butler 1st Viscount Mountgarret.

[his son] Burnewall Butler was born to Richard Butler 1st Viscount Mountgarret and Catharine Barnewell Viscountess Mountgarret.

[his daughter] Ellice or Cicely Butler was born to Richard Butler 1st Viscount Mountgarret.

[his son] Thomas Butler was born to Richard Butler 1st Viscount Mountgarret.

[his son] Pierce Carter was born to Richard Butler 1st Viscount Mountgarret.

Royal Ancestors of Richard Butler 1st Viscount Mountgarret 1500-1571

Kings Wessex: Great x 15 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England

Kings Gwynedd: Great x 13 Grand Son of Maredudd ab Owain King Deheubarth King Powys King Gwynedd

Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 15 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth

Kings Powys: Great x 13 Grand Son of Maredudd ab Owain King Deheubarth King Powys King Gwynedd

Kings England: Great x 7 Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Kings Scotland: Great x 10 Grand Son of King William I of Scotland

Kings France: Great x 14 Grand Son of Hugh I King of the Franks

Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 18 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine

Kings Spain: Great x 11 Grand Son of Alfonso VII King Castile VII King Leon

Royal Descendants of Richard Butler 1st Viscount Mountgarret 1500-1571
Number after indicates the number of unique routes of descent. Descendants of Kings and Queens not included.

Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom [2]

Diana Spencer Princess Wales [2]

Ancestors of Richard Butler 1st Viscount Mountgarret 1500-1571

Great x 4 Grandfather: James Butler 2nd Earl Ormonde Great Grandson of King Edward I of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: James Butler 3rd Earl Ormonde 2 x Great Grandson of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Darcy Countess Ormonde 10 x Great Granddaughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 2 Grandfather: Richard Butler 3 x Great Grandson of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Welles 4th Baron Welles

Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne Welles Countess Ormonde 5 x Great Granddaughter of King William I of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandmother: Maud Ros Baroness Welles 4 x Great Granddaughter of King William I of Scotland

Great x 1 Grandfather: Edmund MacRichard Butler 4 x Great Grandson of King Edward I of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Gildas Lord East Breifne Oreilly

Great x 2 Grandmother: Catherine Oreilly

Grandfather: James Butler 5 x Great Grandson of King Edward I of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Mulroney Barbatus King Elyocarroll

Great x 1 Grandmother: Catherine Ocarroll

Father: Piers "Red" Butler 8th Earl Ormonde 1st Earl Ossory 6 x Great Grandson of King Edward I of England

Great x 1 Grandfather: Donal Reagh King Leinster

Grandmother: Sabh Macmurrough Kavanagh

Richard Butler 1st Viscount Mountgarret 7 x Great Grandson of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Fitzgerald 1st Earl of Kildare 7 x Great Grandson of Maredudd ab Owain King Deheubarth King Powys King Gwynedd

Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas Fitzgerald 2nd Earl of Kildare 8 x Great Grandson of Maredudd ab Owain King Deheubarth King Powys King Gwynedd

Great x 4 Grandmother: Blanche La Roche Countess Kildare

Great x 2 Grandfather: John Fitzgerald 6th Earl of Kildare 9 x Great Grandson of Maredudd ab Owain King Deheubarth King Powys King Gwynedd

Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard "Red Earl" Burgh 2nd Earl of Ulster 9 x Great Grandson of Maredudd ab Owain King Deheubarth King Powys King Gwynedd

Great x 3 Grandmother: Joan Burgh Countess Kildare 9 x Great Granddaughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Burgh Countess Ulster 8 x Great Granddaughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 1 Grandfather: Thomas Fitzgerald 7th Earl of Kildare 10 x Great Grandson of Maredudd ab Owain King Deheubarth King Powys King Gwynedd

Great x 2 Grandmother: Margaret Herne Countess Kildare

Grandfather: Gerald Fitzgerald 8th Earl of Kildare 11 x Great Grandson of Maredudd ab Owain King Deheubarth King Powys King Gwynedd

Mother: Margaret Fitzgerald Countess Ormonde and Ossory 12 x Great Granddaughter of Maredudd ab Owain King Deheubarth King Powys King Gwynedd

Great x 3 Grandfather: Roland FitzEustace

Great x 2 Grandfather: Edward FitzEustace of Castlemartin in County Kildare

Great x 1 Grandfather: Rowland Fitzeustace 1st Baron Portlester

Grandmother: Alice Fitzeustace Countess Kildare