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Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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11 Mar is in March.
On 11th March 1279 Mary of Woodstock was born to King Edward I of England (age 39) and Eleanor of Castile Queen Consort England (age 38) at Woodstock Palace, Oxfordshire [Map].
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough. In the same year, near its end, specifically during Lent, John Romanus (age 66), Archbishop of York, died [11th March 1296]. He was the son of John Romanus, formerly treasurer of the church of York, and a certain serving woman. He was truly 'Romanus' in name and in nature, for from his Roman father he inherited Roman greed. And although he was a great theologian and a highly learned man, it was not his learning but his extreme avarice that drove him nearly to madness. He thirsted greatly for money and the property of others. And so, by the just judgment of God, it happened that the man who had longed after the goods of his subjects, especially those who died intestate, was overtaken by sudden death and received little or no benefit from his own will. His executors refused to act, and thus the expenses of his funeral were paid not from his own wealth, but rather from others. He was laid to rest with simple honour in his own church. Not even bread or a coin was given for the sake of his soul. He had once undertaken the visitation of the church of Durham, which his predecessor had claimed under the right and jurisdiction of the church of York; but, it was said, after receiving a payment, he allowed the matter to sleep. He also sought obedience from the Bishop of Durham, which he at first demanded pompously, but, after an appeal was lodged, pursued the matter weakly. He was succeeded by Henry of Newark, dean of the same church, who was elected by the chapter on the Friday just before the Feast of the Ascension in the year 1296. Since he could not personally travel to the pope because of the bitter war dangerously continuing between the two kings [of England and France], he was confirmed by papal bull the following year. Again, when envoys were sent for his consecration and the pallium, he was consecrated, by dispensation of the same Pope Boniface, in his own church at York [Map] by Antony (age 51), Bishop of Durham, to whom the pope had granted this special authority. This took place on the second Sunday after the Feast of the Holy Trinity, that is, on the 15th of June, in the year of our Lord 1298.
Eodem anno quasi finiente, scilicet in Quadragesima obiit Johannes Romanus, archiepiscopus Eborum, a Johanne Romano, quondam Eborum ecclesiæ thesaurario, et quadam pedissequa procreatus, et bene Romanus, quia a Romano patre Romanam cupiditatem extraxit, et cum magnus esset theologus et homo valde literatus, non tamen multæ literæ sed avaritia maxima eum fecit quasi insanire. Sitivit enim valde pecuniam et substantiam aliorum, unde, justo Dei judicio, contigit, ut, qui subditorum bona, et maxime ab intestatis, sitiret, subita quasi morte præventus, nullum vel modicum ex testamento proprio consecutus est emolumentum. Executores enim sui se intromittere noluerunt, ita quod non de proprio, sed potius alieno, fiebant expensæ funerum, et in ecclesia sua cum honore simplici repositus est. Non enim panis vel obolus pro anima dabatur ipsius. Hic visitationem Dunolmensis ecclesiæ, quam prædecessor suus jure et jurisdictione Eborum ecclesiæ vendicaverat, accepta, ut dicebatur, pecunia, dormire sustinuit. Obedientiam etiam Dunolmensis episcopi, quam primo pompose petierat, appellatione interposita, segniter prosecutus est. Huic successit Henricus de Newerk, ejusdem ecclesiæ decanus, electus a fratribus die Veneris proximo ante Ascensionem Domini, anni ejusdem MCCXCVI, qui, missis ad papam nunciis, eo quod personaliter adire non posset propter exosam guerram inter duos reges periculosissime continuatam, per bullam ipsius confirmatus est in anno sequenti, et iterum missis nunciis pro consecratione et pallio, ex dispensatione ejusdem papæ Bonifacii consecratus est in ecclesia sua Eborum per Antonium Dunolmensem episcopum, cui commiserat papa potestatem hanc specialem, Dominica scilicet secunda Sunday, post festum Sanctæ Trinitatis, XVII scilicet kalendas Julii, anno Domini MCCXCVIII.
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On 11th March 1296 Archbishop John le Romeyn (age 66) died at Bishop Burton.
Bourgeois de Valenciennes. Then he returned into France, and his host dispersed. The king came back to Paris to refresh himself1.
Adont retourna-il en France, et se départirent ses osts. Sy revint le roy à Paris luy raffreschir.
Note 1. It is surprising not to find here any mention of the death of Jean de Beaumont, reported by Froissart in the chapter where he recounts the return of King John to Paris. Froissart, Book 4, Chapter 351: "That was the final answer they were able to obtain and carry back from the king. They took their leave and departed from Calais, returning to Saint-Omer, where they reported to the King of France and his council the response exactly as they had heard and understood it from the King of England. The French then considered the matter and clearly saw that for that season they would not fight the English. So the King of France dismissed all manner of men-at-arms, as well as the town levies, and each returned to his own home. The king himself returned into France, but at his departure he left a great number of good men-at-arms in the garrisons of Picardy. And Sir Arnoul d’Audrehem remained in the fortress of Ardres to guard the frontiers. Sir John of Hainault returned to the county of Hainault after he had taken leave of the King of France. This was the last campaign in which that noble knight took part, for in the following Lent, on the very night [11th March 1355]1 of Saint Gregory, he passed from this world at his manor of Beaumont in Hainault. He was buried in the church of the Cordeliers in the town of Valenciennes, where he lies in great honour. The heirs to all his lands were the children of the Count of Blois who had remained at Crécy, for they were the sons of his daughter. These were Louis, John, and Guy.
Note 1. The year described by other sources as 1356 whereas to fit the chronology of this Chronicle the year must be 1355.
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Froissart Book 4: 1346-1356. [351.3] Sir John of Hainaut returned to the county of Hainaut after he had taken leave of the King of France. This was the last campaign in which that noble knight took part, for in the following Lent, on the very night [11th March 1356] of Saint Gregory, he passed from this world at his manor of Beaumont in Hainaut. He was buried in the church of the Cordeliers in the town of Valenciennes, where he lies in great honour. The heirs to all his lands were the children of the Count of Blois who had remained at Crécy, for they were the sons of his daughter. These were Louis, John, and Guy.
[351.3] Si retourna messires Jehans de Haynau arrière en le conté de Haynau, quant il eut pris congiet au roy de France. Ce fu la darrainne chevaucie où li gentilz chevaliers fu, car le quaresme ensievant, droitement le nuit Saint Grigore, il trespassa de ce siècle en l’ostel de Byaumont en Haynau; et fu ensepelis en l’eglise des Cordeliers en le ville de Valenchiènes: là gist il moult reveramment. Si furent hiretier de toute sa terre li enfant le conte de Blois qui demora à Creci, car il estoient enfant de sa fille: ce furent Loeis, Jehans et Guis.
Calendar of State Papers of Milan 1461.74. 11th March 1461. Potenze Estere. Francia. Milan Archives. 74. Prospero di Camulio, Milanese Ambassador to France, etc., to Francesco Sforza, Duke of Milan.
On the 6th inst. I wrote various things to your Excellency by a servant of the Dauphin. I will repeat the news of the country of that time, and what has happened since. I wrote in that letter of the battle which the Queen of England fought against the late Duke of York, that duke being slain with one of his sons, as well as the father of the Earl of Warwick and two sons. There also perished in that battle some 1,500 men, besides many others in various other battles, which have taken place at the same time about the island. I also wrote how the son of the Duke of Burgundy, enraged against My lord of Croi, had laid a grave complaint against him before the Duke of Burgundy, and finally has formulated certain charges against my lord of Croi, which he claims to be capital. The matter is under consideration. Accordingly the Dauphin, who was with the Duke of Burgundy, has gone away in order not to be mixed up in these troubles, and he advised me not to think of going to the Duke until this matter was settled. He gave the same advice about my going to England, because things are very ill suited at present.
Since then letters and messengers have arrived from England, and I send herewith a copy of the letters to your Most Illustrious Lordship. Among the messengers has come one of the closest familiars of the Duke of Burgundy, whom he sent several days ago to the Earl of Warwick. He brought letters from the Earl of Warwick to the Dauphin, which I have seen, and they are very respectful and friendly, etc. They are to the effect that the king is going with all the forces of England against the queen, and he has 120,000 men, of whom the Earl of Warwick is chief and leader. He is going against the queen, who is towards the part of the island which faces French Britanny. On this account he has provided a fleet at sea, so that she may not escape that way. He has arranged this great multitude in three divisions: the first of 20,000, the second of 40,000, and the third of 60,000. The queen, however, is in a strong place, and they say she has some 30,000 combatants. The issue is expected within a fortnight; it will involve much cruelty, and decide many things, whatever be the event.
Holinshed's Chronicle [1525-1582]. 11th March 1478. About this season, through great mishap, the sparke of priuie malice was newlie kindled betwixt the king and his brother the duke of Clarence, insomuch that where one of the dukes seruants was suddenlie accused (I can not saie whether of truth, or vntrulie suspected by the dukes enimies) of poisoning, sorcerie or inchantment, and thereof condemned, and put to execution for the same; the duke which might not suffer the wrongfull condemnation of his man (as he in his conscience iudged) nor yet forbeare but to murmur and reproue the dooing thereof, mooued the king with his dailie exclamation to take such displeasure with him, that finallie the duke was cast into the Tower, and therewith adiudged for a traitor, and priuilie drowned in a butt of malmesie, the eleuenth of March1, in the beginning of the seuententh yeare of the kings reigne.
Note 1. A number of other sources state 18th March 1478.
On 11th March 1486 Albert "Achilles" Hohenzollern Elector Brandenburg (age 71) died. His son John (age 30) succeeded Elector Brandenburg. His son Frederick (age 25) succeeded I Margrave Brandenburg-Ansbach. Sophia Jagiellon Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach (age 21) by marriage Margravine Brandenburg-Ansbach.
Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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On 11th March 1513 François Valois was born to Louis Valois I Duke Longueville (age 33) and Johanna Hochberg Duchess Longueville. He married 19th June 1536 Jacqueline Rohan and had issue.
On 11th March 1516 Henry Brandon was born to Charles Brandon 1st Duke of Suffolk (age 32) and Mary Tudor Queen Consort France (age 19). He a grandson of King Henry VII of England and Ireland. He died aged five in 1522.
On 11th March 1530 Johann Wilhelm Wettin Duke Saxe Weimar was born to Johann Frederick I Duke Saxony (age 26). He married 15th June 1560 Dorothea Susanne Palatine Duchess Saxe Weimar and had issue.
Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic Henry VIII 1533. 11th March 1533. R. O. St. P. VII. 427. 230. Instructions for Lord Rochford (age 30), sent to the French Court.
Is to present Francis with the letters written by the King's own hand, and express the delight he feels in his friendship and offers of service made by De Langeais, especially with regard to his asking the King's advice concerning the marriage of the duke of Orleans (age 13) with the Pope's niece (age 13)1. Has declared it already by De Langeais at his return; which Rochford is to enlarge upon, touching on the low extraction of the lady, which the King thinks is a great obstacle. Is to tell Francis that, according to his advice given at their last interview, and from his anxiety to have male issue for the establishment of his kingdom, he has proceeded effectually to the accomplishment of his marriage, trusting to find that his deeds will correspond with his promises, and that he will assist and maintain the King in the event of any excommunication from the Pope. That, in full consideration of the friendship of Francis, the King has opened to him his mind entirely, and asked his advice from time to time; and, considering he is now following the French king's counsel, he hopes that he will, as a true friend and brother, devise whatever he can for the establishment of the said marriage, preventing any impediment to it, or of the succession, which please God will follow, and which, to all appearance, is in a state of advancement already, as the King himself would do for Francis in like case.
Note 1. The marriage between the Duke of Orleans, future King Henry II of France, and Catherine Medici Queen Consort France took place on the 28th October 1533.
Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic Henry VIII 1533. 11th March 1533. R. O. 228. Cromwell's Accounts. A "declaration" of receipts and payments by my master, Thomas Cromwell, to the King's use, from 22 Nov. 24 Henry VIII. to 11 March following:—
i. Receipts.—From "suppressed lands." of John Tyrrell, for Dame Elyns, belonging to Christchurch, London, 30s. William Bretton, farmer of Wykes, £4 6s. 7d. William Werley, for the spiritualities of the late monastery of Sandewall, £4 10s. Ant. Cave, receiver of the late priory of Tykford, £40 Dr. Bentley, for the parsonage of Tottenham, belonging to Christchurch, £9 10s. William Laurence, for priory of St. Peter's, Ipswich, £20 Francis Harryson, for parsonage of Alveley, belonging to mon. of Lyses, £5 John Purdon, receiver of Walyngforde, £44 16s. 7½d. Anne Knyght, executrix of John Knight, receiver of Ramston, £32 The prioress of Halliwell, for tithe in Donton, belonging to mon. of Wallingford, 46s. 8d. John Hall, receiver of Horkesley, £6 13s. 4d. Mr. Saynte Jermyn, for parsonage of Maryborne, belonging to Blakemore, 13s. 4d. William Laurence, out of the box of Our Lady of Ipswich, £24; and for pensions of Romberow, £18 9s. William Cavendysshe, for lands of Christchurch, £42 13s. 4d. Alice Pemsey, for lands of Lesynge, 46s. 8d. William Laurence, on determination of his account, £4 17s. ½d. Richard Stretie, for goods of Calwyche, £30 William Cavendysshe, for farm of Walcomstowe and parsonage of Bexley, belonging to Christchurch, £11 14s. 5d. Simon Momfort, for late mon. of Canwell, £6 13s. 4d. Duke of Norfolk, for parsonages of Felixstowe and Walton, belonging to late Cardinal's College, Ipswich, £13 6s. 8d.
For restitution of temporalities.—Abbot of Holme, £50 Prior of Huntingdon, £25 Minister of St. Robert nigh Knaresborough, £10 Abbot of Walden, £50
Money due by obligations from Dr. Blyth, executor to the Bishop of Chester, £100 The Duke of Norfolk, 200 marks. The aBishop of York, £200 Peter Lygham, clk., £66 13s. 4d. ABishop of Develyn, £200 Sir Thomas Seymor, 500 marks. Bishop of Hereford, £200 Bishop of Bath, £133 6s. 8d.
Of Martin Bowes, goldsmith, for crown gold molten out of chains, at 41s. 4d. per oz. of Rob. Draper and John Halalie of the Jewel-house.
Vacations of Bishoprics.—Of Richard Strete, for Bishopric of Chester, £612 18s. 1d. ½ q. Executors of the late aBishop of Canterbury, £1,000; and for "a mounte," £100 of the Monk Bailie of Westminster, for the abbot's portion, £666 13s. 4d.
Farms.—Prior of Shene, for parcel of the manor of Lewsham, £3 Edward Shelley, for manor of Fyndon, £16 0s. 2d. William Cavendisshe, for part revenues of Honesdon, 29s. 9d.
Money granted by last Convocation.—Of the executors of the late aBishop of Canterbury, for the first fifth, £242 2s. 3½d.
John Judd, for revenues of the Hamper, £300
Money received out of the King's coffers of Thomas Alverd, and from the Tower of London.
Loans repaid by Edm. Pekham and James Moryce, the Duke of Richmond's receiver.
Revenues of Rice Griffith's lands in Emelyn, Abermerles, and Perottes lands, of Thomas Johns; of the manor of Newton, from Sir William Thomas; and for a balinger of the said Griffith of Richard Tanner.
Total receipts, 20,£567 6s. 3½d. ½ q. Whereof—
ii. Payments.—To John Whalley, for the King's works at the Tower, £831 0s. 9d. To Benedict, the King's tomb-maker, £38 9s. 9d. To Averey, yeoman of the crossbows, for livery coats. To Thomas Warde, harberger, for reward, £20 To Steph. Vaughan, £46 13s. 4d. Dr. Lee, for his diets in Denmark, £60 To the post of Denmark, £11 13s. 4d. Mons. Beauvays, the French ambassador, £23 6s. 8d. My Lord of Rocheford (age 30), £106 13s. 4d. Dr. Benett, by Ant. Bonvice, 1,000 marks. Sir George Lawson and others, to convey the King's money to the North, 13,£584 9s. 4d. Paper and ink, 14s. 4d. Money paid to the King's coffers, [for the aBishop of Canterbury's] vacation and mounte, 1,£100 Silks and velvets bought of Richard Gresham and William Bo[try]. Carriage of copes and other stuff, late of Christchurch. Delivered to the Earl of Rutland (age 41), £200; and to [the executors of the] aBishop of Canterbury, £1,000
Payments to Ant. [Bo]nvice for Philip Wylde. To Martin Bowes. To Cavendish, for costs at Christchurch. For my master's fee for the receipt of extraordinary receipts, £150 To Mary Henyngam, late prioress of Wikes, £5 To Richard Riche, for the purchase of lands of Thomas Roberts, nigh Copthall, £220 To Thomas Alverd, for the King's works at Westminster, £2,000
Total payments, 21,£240 12s. "And so in superplusage, £673 5s. 8d. ½ q. Ayenste the whiche—
"Received of Thomas Alverd, 4,£000 Whereof—"
[Delivered to] Fowler, for [works] at Calais, 4,£000 Paid to Draper and Halalie, 18 March, £15 To the landgrave of Hesse's servants, £9 6s. 8d. To Roger Elys, clk., £40 To Sir George Lawson, 1,£000 To John Freman, for plate given to Mons. Momepesarte, £173 2s. 11½d. To Dr. Lee, for the rest of his diets, £32 To the king of Denmark's ambassador, £23 6s. 8d. To Mr. Speaker of the Parliament, £50 To Benedict, £7 9s. To the King's coffers, 1,£000 To the duke of Bever's (Bavaria's) servant, £23 6s. 8d.
Grand total of payments, 27,£614 3s. 11½d.
Large paper, pp. 5. Mutilated.
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Henry Machyn's Diary. 11th March 1560. The xj day of Marche dyd pryche at the court doctur Sandes (age 41) byshope of Wosseter.
On or before 11th March 1562 Archbishop Richard Neale was born. He was baptised on 11th March 1562 at St Margaret's Church, Westminster [Map].
On 11th March 1591 Isabella of Savoy was born to Charles Emmanuel Savoy I Duke Savoy (age 29) and Catherine Habsburg Spain Duchess Savoy (age 23). Coefficient of inbreeding 6.67%. She married 22nd February 1608 Alfonso Este IV Duke Modena.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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John Evelyn's Diary. 11th March 1643. I went to see my Lord of Salisbury's (age 51) Palace [Map] at Hatfield, where the most considerable rarity, besides the house (inferior to few then in England for its architecture), were the garden and vineyard, rarely well watered and planted. They also showed us the picture of Secretary Cecil, in Mosaic work, very well done by some Italian hand.
On 11th March 1661 Mary Scott 3rd Countess Buccleuch (age 13) died. Her sister Anne (age 10) succeeded 4th Countess Buccleuch.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 11th March 1664. Up and by coach to my Lord Sandwich's (age 38), who not being up I staid talking with Mr. Moore till my Lord was ready and come down, and went directly out without calling for me or seeing any body. I know not whether he knew I was there, but I am apt to think not, because if he would have given me that slighting yet he would not have done it to others that were there. So I went back again doing nothing but discoursing with Mr. Moore, who I find by discourse to be grown rich, and indeed not to use me at all with the respect he used to do, but as his equal. He made me known to their Chaplin, who is a worthy, able man.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 11th March 1665. Up and to the office, at noon home to dinner, and to the office again, where very late, and then home to supper and to bed. This day returned Sir W. Batten (age 64) and Sir J. Minnes (age 66) from Lee Roade, where they have been to see the wrecke of "The London", out of which, they say, the guns may be got, but the hull of her will be wholly lost, as not being capable of being weighed [raised].
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 11th March 1667. By and by comes Sir H. Cholmly (age 34) to me about Tangier business, and then talking of news he tells me how yesterday the King (age 36) did publiquely talk of the King of France's (age 28) dealing with all the Princes of Christendome. As to the States of Holland, he [the King of France] hath advised them, on good grounds, to refuse to treat with us at the Hague, because of having opportunity of spies, by reason of our interest in the House of Orange; and then, it being a town in one particular province, it would not be fit to have it, but in a town wherein the provinces have equal interest, as at Mastricht, and other places named. That he advises them to offer no terms, nor accept of any, without his privity and consent, according to agreement; and tells them, if not so, he hath in his power to be even with them, the King of England being come to offer him any terms he pleases; and that my Lord St. Albans (age 61) is now at Paris, Plenipotentiary, to make what peace he pleases; and so he can make it, and exclude them, the Dutch, if he sees fit. A copy of this letter of the King of France's the Spanish Ambassador here gets, and comes and tells all to our King; which our King denies, and says the King of France only uses his power of saying anything. At the same time, the King of France writes to the Emperor, that he is resolved to do all things to express affection to the Emperor, having it now in his power to make what peace he pleases between the King of England and him, and the States of the United Provinces; and, therefore, that he would not have him to concern himself in a friendship with us; and assures him that, on that regard, he will not offer anything to his disturbance, in his interest in Flanders, or elsewhere. He writes, at the same time, to Spayne, to tell him that he wonders to hear of a league almost ended between the Crown of Spayne and England, by my Lord Sandwich (age 41), and all without his privity, while he was making a peace upon what terms he pleased with England: that he is a great lover of the Crown of Spayne, and would take the King and his affairs, during his minority, into his protection, nor would offer to set his foot in Flanders, or any where else, to disturb him; and, therefore, would not have him to trouble himself to make peace with any body; only he hath a desire to offer an exchange, which he thinks may be of moment to both sides: that is, that he [France] will enstate the King of Spayne (age 5) in the Kingdom of Portugall, and he and the Dutch will put him into possession of Lisbon; and, that being done, he [France] may have Flanders: and this, they say; do mightily take in Spayne, which is sensible of the fruitless expence Flanders, so far off, gives them; and how much better it would be for them to be master of Portugall; and the King of France offers, for security herein, that the King of England shall be bond for him, and that he will countersecure the King of England with Amsterdam; and, it seems, hath assured our King, that if he will make a league with him, he will make a peace exclusive to the Hollander. These things are almost romantique, but yet true, as Sir H. Cholmly tells me the King himself did relate it all yesterday; and it seems as if the King of France did think other Princes fit for nothing but to make sport for him: but simple Princes they are, that are forced to suffer this from him.
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Samuel Pepys' Diary. 11th March 1667. So at noon with Sir W. Pen (age 45) by coach to the Sun in Leadenhall Street [Map]e, where Sir R. Ford (age 53), Sir W. Batten (age 66), and Commissioner Taylor (whose feast it was) were, and we dined and had a very good dinner. Among other discourses Sir R. Ford did tell me that he do verily believe that the city will in few years be built again in all the greatest streets, and answered the objections I did give to it. Here we had the proclamation this day come out against the Duke of Buckingham (age 39), commanding him to come in to one of the Secretaries, or to the Lieutenant of the Tower (age 52). A silly, vain man to bring himself to this: and there be many hard circumstances in the proclamation of the causes of this proceeding of the King's, which speak great displeasure of the King's, and crimes of his. Then to discourse of the business of the day, that is, to see Commissioner Taylor's accounts for his ship he built, The Loyall London, and it is pretty to see how dully this old fellow makes his demands, and yet plaguy wise sayings will come from the man sometimes, and also how Sir R. Ford and Sir W. Batten did with seeming reliance advise him what to do, and how to come prepared to answer objections to the Common Council.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 11th March 1668. Thence walked down to the Three Cranes and there took boat to White Hall, where by direction I waited on the Duke of York (age 34) about office business, and so by water to Westminster, where walking in the Hall most of the morning, and up to my Lady Jem. in Lincoln's Inn Fields to get her to appoint the day certain when she will come and dine with me, and she hath appointed Saturday next. So back to Westminster; and there still walked, till by and by comes Sir W. Coventry (age 40), and with him Mr. Chichly (age 53) and Mr. Andrew Newport (age 48), I to dinner with them to Mr. Chichly's, in Queene (age 58) Street, in Covent Garden [Map]. A very fine house, and a man that lives in mighty great fashion, with all things in a most extraordinary manner noble and rich about him, and eats in the French fashion all; and mighty nobly served with his servants, and very civilly; that I was mighty pleased with it: and good discourse. He is a great defender of the Church of England, and against the Act for Comprehension, which is the work of this day, about which the House is like to sit till night.
After 11th March 1668. Memorial at St Peter's Church, Tawstock [Map] to George Fane (deceased)
George Fane: On 8th March 1668 he was born to Henry Fane and Elizabeth Southcott. On 11th March 1668 George Fane died at three days old.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 11th March 1669. Up, and to Sir W. Coventry (age 41), to the Tower, where I walked and talked with him an hour alone, from one good thing to another: who tells me that he hears that the Commission is gone down to the King (age 38), with a blank to fill, for his place in the Treasury: and he believes it will be filled with one of our Treasurers of the Navy, but which he knows not, but he believes it will be Osborne (age 37). We walked down to the Stone Walk, which is called, it seems, my Lord of Northumberland's walk, being paved by some one of that title, that was prisoner there: and at the end of it, there is a piece of iron upon the wall, with, his armes upon it, and holes to put in a peg, for every turn that they make upon that walk.
John Evelyn's Diary. 11th March 1705. An exceedingly dry season. Great loss by fire, burning the outhouses and famous stable of the Earl of Nottingham (age 57), at Burleigh [Rutlandshire], full of rich goods and furniture, by the carelessness of a servant. A little before, the same happened at Lord Pembroke's (age 49), at Wilton. The old Countess of Northumberland (age 82), Dowager of Algernon Percy, Admiral of the fleet to King Charles I., died in the 83d year of her age. She was sister to the Earl of Suffolk, and left a great estate, her jointure to descend to the Duke of Somerset (age 42).
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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Minutes of the Society of Antiquaries. 11th March 1719. It was proposed that [?] noblemen and persons of quality as please to be members of the Society may be admitted by Ballot.
Ordered the same day a dividend of one print more of Ulphus's Horn to every member.
Resolved that Mr Vertue (age 35) goe to Kensington Pallace to view the pictures of Holbein, copied there by Remy, the originals being burned in Whitehall.
Resolved that in Mr Samuel Gale's (age 36) dissertation upon Ulphus's Horn be revised by Mr President (age 58), Mr Roger Gale (age 46), Mr Mickleton and Mr Holmes (age 57), or any three of them, and then printed.
NB. Ten members were present when the last resolution was made.
On 11th March 1720 Louis 6th Duke of Gramont (age 30) and Geneviève de Gontaut (age 24) were married.
On 11th March 1725 Cardinal Henry Benedict Stewart was born to James "Old Pretender" Stewart (age 36) and Maria Clementina Sobieska (age 22). He a grandson of King James II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 11th March 1741 Anne Somerset Countess Northampton was born to Charles Noel Somerset 4th Duke Beaufort (age 31) and Elizabeth Berekeley Duchess Beaufort (age 28). She married 13th September 1759 her third cousin once removed Charles Compton 7th Earl of Northampton and had issue.
On 11th March 1820 Benjamin West (age 81) died.
On 11th March 1844 Edward Nicolls, a naval officer in command of the HMS Dwarf, drowned in the Shannon estuary while rescuing people in distress. His wife of two months Mary Ellen Peacock (age 22), who was with Edward aboard the vessel, had encouraged him to undertake the rescue attempt in which he lost his life. She was pregnant at the time of her husband's death.
Archaeologia Volume V32 1847 Appendix. Cromlech and Obelisk at Locmariaker in Britanny.
11th March, 1847. William Bromet, Esq. M.D. F.S.A. in a Letter to the Director, remarks, that having called attention to the somewhat exaggerated views of a Cromlech and Obelisk [Menhir Er Grah [Map]] in Britanny, presented some years ago to the Society by the Rev. J. Bathurst Deane, he now exhibits another Drawing of this Cromlech or Dolmen, as it is called in its neighbourhood; and also a Drawing of the Interior of the Cavern under the tumulus Gaur' Innis. The upper or table stone of the Cromlech, according to Dr. Bromet's own measurement, is twenty-one feet long, twelve broad, and four deep; it is supported by three vertical stones which are between five and six feet above ground; and there is another and shorter vertical stone, which, although not a supporter, was evidently erected for the purpose of its becoming so, should either of the three other uprights fail — a provision observed in similar Antiquities in Cornwall. The Obelisk, or Menhir, has long been in a fallen and fractured state; it consists of four pieces, altogether more than seventy feet long, and at its largest end fourteen feet broad, with an estimated weight of two hundred and fifty tons.
St Peter and St Paul's Church, Longhoughton [Map]. Memorial window to Dorothy Burrell of Alnwick who died 11th March 1850, Ann Burrell who died 24 Dec 1852 and Harriet Burrell who died 24 Nov 1855, all sisters of Lieutenant-General George Burrell (age 73).
On 11th March 1864 Francis Granville Godolphin Osborne was born to George Godolphin Osborne 9th Duke Leeds (age 35) and Fanny Georgiana Pitt-Rivers Duchess Leeds (age 27). Coefficient of inbreeding 3.94%.
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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On 11th March 1869 Christian August Oldenburg II Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg (age 70) died. His son Frederick (age 39) succeeded II Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg.
On 15th January 1882 Margaret "Daisy" Windsor was born to Prince Arthur Windsor 1st Duke Connaught and Strathearn (age 31) and Luise Margarete Hohenzollern Duchess Connaught (age 21) at Bagshot Park, Berkshire. She was baptised on 11th March 1882 at the Chapel Royal, Windsor Castle by Archbishop Campbell Tait. Her godparents were Queen Victoria (age 62); the German Emperor (age 84), who was represented by the German Ambassador, Count Münster); the German Crown Princess (age 41) who was represented by her sister, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (age 35); Prince (age 53) and Princess Friedrich Karl of Prussia (age 44), for whom the Duke of Edinburgh (age 37) and aunt Princess Beatrice (age 24) stood proxy); the Duchess of Cambridge (age 84), who was represented by Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll (age 33); the Prince of Wales (age 40) and Prince Charles of Prussia (age 80), for whom Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany (age 28) stood proxy. She a granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. She married 15th June 1905 her fourth cousin twice removed Gustaf Adolph VI King Sweden and had issue.
On 11th March 1895 Elisabeth Hesse Darmstadt was born to Ernest Louis Hesse Darmstadt Grand Duke (age 26) and Victoria Melita Windsor (age 18). She a great granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. Coefficient of inbreeding 9.22%. She died aged eight in 1903.
Church of St Giles, Marston Montgomery [Map]. Window by Arthur Louis Moore (age 64) in memory of Lydia Anne Webb of Clowneholme, Marston Montgomery [Map] who died 11th March 1913.
Arthur Louis Moore: In 1849 he was born in Brixton, London, one of nine children of a Clerkenwell clockmaker On 24th March 1939 he died in St Albans, Hertfordshire [Map].
St Michael's Church, Rocester [Map]. Window in memory of Lydia Anne Webb of Clownholme died 70 years 11th March 1913.
On 11th March 1915 Wyndham Knatchbull-Hugessen 3rd Baron Brabourne (age 29) was killed in action. He was unmarried. His uncle Cecil (age 51) succeeded 4th Baron Bradbourne.
On the previous day the 1st Battalion of the Grenadier Guards took up reserve positions near Neuve Chapelle, and the following day sustained heavy casualties as they crossed the Rue Tilleloy. Sixteen officers and 325 other soldiers were lost that day, according to the battalion's war diary. He has no known grave, but his name is included on the La Touret Memorial in Bethune, France, and there is a memorial for him in his village's parish church.
Memorial at St Peter's Church, Elmton [Map] to brothers William Milnes, died of wounds, 15th May 1918, aged 26, Thomas Milnes, killed in action, 11th March 1917 aged 23, and Joseph Milnes, killed in action 1st July 1917, aged 27.
On 11th March 1923 Welf Henry Hanover was born to Ernest Augustus Hanover Duke Brunswick (age 35) and Viktoria Luise Hohenzollern Duchess Brunswick (age 30). He a great x 2 grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. He married 1960 Alexandra Unknown.
Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
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On 11th March 1939 Evelyn Katrine Gwenfra Williams Duchess Wellington (age 84) died at West Green House, Hartley.
On 11th March 1946 Edward Fitzgerald 7th Duke Leinster (age 53) and Jessie Smither aka Denise Orme Duchess Leinster (age 60) were married. She by marriage Duchess Leinster. He the son of Gerald Fitzgerald 5th Duke Leinster and Hermione Wilhelmina Duncombe Duchess Leinster.
On 11th March 1972 John Albert William Spencer-Churchill 10th Duke of Marlborough (age 74) died. He was buried at St Martin's Church, Bladon [Map] next to the grave of his first wife Alexandra Mary Cadogan Duchess of Marlborough who died in 1961. His son John (age 45) succeeded 11th Duke Marlborough, 11th Marquess of Blandford, 11th Earl of Marlborough, 11th Baron Churchill of Sandridge in Hertfordshire, 13th Earl of Sunderland, 15th Baron Spencer Wormleighton.
On 11th March 1279 Mary of Woodstock was born to King Edward I of England (age 39) and Eleanor of Castile Queen Consort England (age 38) at Woodstock Palace, Oxfordshire [Map].
On 11th March 1513 François Valois was born to Louis Valois I Duke Longueville (age 33) and Johanna Hochberg Duchess Longueville. He married 19th June 1536 Jacqueline Rohan and had issue.
On 11th March 1516 Henry Brandon was born to Charles Brandon 1st Duke of Suffolk (age 32) and Mary Tudor Queen Consort France (age 19). He a grandson of King Henry VII of England and Ireland. He died aged five in 1522.
On 11th March 1530 Johann Wilhelm Wettin Duke Saxe Weimar was born to Johann Frederick I Duke Saxony (age 26). He married 15th June 1560 Dorothea Susanne Palatine Duchess Saxe Weimar and had issue.
On 11th March 1591 Isabella of Savoy was born to Charles Emmanuel Savoy I Duke Savoy (age 29) and Catherine Habsburg Spain Duchess Savoy (age 23). Coefficient of inbreeding 6.67%. She married 22nd February 1608 Alfonso Este IV Duke Modena.
On 25th February 1603 John Savage 2nd Earl Rivers was born to Thomas Savage 1st Viscount Savage (age 17) and Elizabeth Darcy 1st Countess Rivers (age 22). He was christened at St Botolph's without Bishopgate on 11th March 1603. He married (1) before 1626 Catherine Parker, daughter of William Parker 4th Baron Monteagle 14th Baron Marshal 13th Baron Morley and Elizabeth Tresham, and had issue (2) before 6th March 1647 Mary Ogle Countess Rivers and had issue.
Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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On 11th March 1676 William Courtenay 6th Earl Devon was born to Francis Courtenay (age 25) and Mary Boevey. He married before 11th February 1709 Anne Bertie Countess Devon, daughter of James Bertie 1st Earl of Abingdon and Eleanor Lee Countess Abingdon, and had issue.
On 11th March 1685 William Flower 1st Baron Castle Durrow was born to Thomas Flower and Mary Temple. He married 1717 Edith Caulfeild Baroness Castle Durrow and had issue.
On 11th March 1701 Joseph Leeson 1st Earl of Milltown was born.
On 11th March 1725 Cardinal Henry Benedict Stewart was born to James "Old Pretender" Stewart (age 36) and Maria Clementina Sobieska (age 22). He a grandson of King James II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 11th March 1741 Anne Somerset Countess Northampton was born to Charles Noel Somerset 4th Duke Beaufort (age 31) and Elizabeth Berekeley Duchess Beaufort (age 28). She married 13th September 1759 her third cousin once removed Charles Compton 7th Earl of Northampton and had issue.
On 11th March 1747 Caroline Stanhope was born to William Stanhope 2nd Earl of Harrington (age 27) and Caroline Fitzroy Countess Harrington (age 24). She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She married in or before 1766 Kenneth Mackenzie 1st Earl Seaforth.
On 11th March 1762 Anne Dyke was born to John Dixon Dyke 3rd Baronet (age 29). She married 1802 Colonel Heneage Twysden, son of William Twysden 6th Baronet.
On 11th March 1777 Francis Charles Seymour-Conway 3rd Marquess Hertford was born to Francis Ingram Seymour-Conway 2nd Marquess Hertford (age 34) and Isabella Anne Ingram Marchioness Hertford (age 17). He a great x 3 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. He married 19th May 1798 Maria "Mie Mie" Seymour-Conway Marchioness of Hertford, daughter of William Douglas 4th Duke Queensberry.
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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On 11th March 1798 Thomas Fremantle 1st Baron Cottesloe was born to Vice-Admiral Thomas Francis Fremantle (age 32). He married 24th November 1824 Louisa Elizabeth Nugent Baroness Cottesloe, daughter of Field Marshal George Nugent 1st Baronet and Maria Skinner, and had issue.
On 11th March 1800 Philip Sidney 1st Baron De Lisle and Dudley was born to John Shelley-Sidney 1st Baronet (age 29) and Henrietta Hunloke (age 16). He married 13th August 1825 Sophia Fitz-Clarence Baroness De Lisle and Dudley and had issue.
On 11th March 1807 Isabella Irby Countess Orkney was born to George Irby 3rd Baron Boston (age 29) and Rachel Ives Drake Baroness Boston (age 24). She married 14th March 1826 Thomas Fitzmaurice 5th Earl Orkney and had issue.
On 11th March 1819 Henry Tate 1st Baronet was born.
On 11th March 1827 Dudley Fitzgerald De Ros 23rd Baron Ros Helmsley was born to William Fitzgerald De Ros 22nd Baron Ros Helmsley (age 29) and Georgiana Lennox Baroness Ros of Helmsley (age 31). He a great x 4 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 1.58%. He married 12th October 1853 Elizabeth Egerton Baroness Ros of Helmsley, daughter of Thomas Grosvenor 2nd Earl Wilton and Mary Smith-Stanley Countess Wilton, and had issue.
On 11th March 1831 Nelson Rycroft 4th Baronet was born to Richard Henry Rycroft 3rd Baronet (age 37) and Charlotte Ann Josephine Tennant Lady Rycroft. He married 27th July 1858 Juliana Ogilvy Lady Rycroft and had issue.
On 11th March 1842 Victoria Alexandrina Anna Maria Byng was born to George Byng 2nd Earl Strafford (age 35) and Agnes Paget (age 38).
On 11th March 1863 Charles Pellew 7th Viscount Exmouth was born to Henry Pellew 6th Viscount Exmouth (age 34).
Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 11th March 1864 Francis Granville Godolphin Osborne was born to George Godolphin Osborne 9th Duke Leeds (age 35) and Fanny Georgiana Pitt-Rivers Duchess Leeds (age 27). Coefficient of inbreeding 3.94%.
On 11th March 1881 Herbert Dixon Asquith was born to Herbert Henry Asquith 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith (age 28) and Helen Kelsall Melland (age 27). He married 28th July 1910 Cynthia Mary Evelyn Charteris, daughter of Hugo Charteris 11th Earl of Wemyss and Mary Constance Wyndham Countess Wemyss.
On 15th January 1882 Margaret "Daisy" Windsor was born to Prince Arthur Windsor 1st Duke Connaught and Strathearn (age 31) and Luise Margarete Hohenzollern Duchess Connaught (age 21) at Bagshot Park, Berkshire. She was baptised on 11th March 1882 at the Chapel Royal, Windsor Castle by Archbishop Campbell Tait. Her godparents were Queen Victoria (age 62); the German Emperor (age 84), who was represented by the German Ambassador, Count Münster); the German Crown Princess (age 41) who was represented by her sister, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (age 35); Prince (age 53) and Princess Friedrich Karl of Prussia (age 44), for whom the Duke of Edinburgh (age 37) and aunt Princess Beatrice (age 24) stood proxy); the Duchess of Cambridge (age 84), who was represented by Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll (age 33); the Prince of Wales (age 40) and Prince Charles of Prussia (age 80), for whom Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany (age 28) stood proxy. She a granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. She married 15th June 1905 her fourth cousin twice removed Gustaf Adolph VI King Sweden and had issue.
On 11th March 1895 Elisabeth Hesse Darmstadt was born to Ernest Louis Hesse Darmstadt Grand Duke (age 26) and Victoria Melita Windsor (age 18). She a great granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. Coefficient of inbreeding 9.22%. She died aged eight in 1903.
On 11th March 1901 Francis Elliot Temple Blackwood 6th Baronet was born to Henry Robert Temple Blackwood (age 38).
On 11th March 1914 Alexander Lambert Hood 7th Viscount Hood was born to Rear-Admiral Horace Hood (age 43) and Ellen Touzalin. He married 30th April 1957 Diana Maud Lyttelton Viscountess Hood and had issue.
On 11th March 1923 Charles Stourton 23rd Baron Stourton 25th Baron Segrave 24th Baron Mowbray was born to William Stourton 22nd Baron Stourton 24th Baron Segrave 23rd Baron Mowbray (age 27). He married 28th June 1952 Jane Faith de Yarburgh-Bateson Baroness-Stourton, Segrave and Mowbray, daughter of Stephen de Yarburgh-Bateson 5th Baron Deramore, and had issue.
On 11th March 1923 Welf Henry Hanover was born to Ernest Augustus Hanover Duke Brunswick (age 35) and Viktoria Luise Hohenzollern Duchess Brunswick (age 30). He a great x 2 grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. He married 1960 Alexandra Unknown.
On 11th March 1928 Richard Bruno Gregory Welby 7th Baronet was born to Oliver Charles Earle Welby 6th Baronet (age 25).
On 11th March 1930 Christopher Patrick Parnell 8th Baron Congleton was born to John Parnell 6th Baron Congleton (age 37).
On 11th March 1959 Caroline Lowther Lady Lawson was born to James Lowther 7th Earl Londsdale (age 36) and Jennifer Lowther Countess Lonsdale (age 26). She married 18th September 1987 Charles Lawson 4th Baronet, son of Lieutenant-Colonel John Charles Arthur Digby Lawson 3rd Baronet.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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On 11th March 1959 Henry Vane 12th Baron Barnard was born to Harry John Neville Vane 11th Baron Barnard (age 35) and Davina Mary Cecil Baroness Barnard (age 27).
On 11th March 1961 Allen Bathurst 9th Earl Bathurst was born to Henry Allen John Bathurst 8th Earl Bathurst (age 33).
On 11th March 1630 Robert Devereux 3rd Earl Essex (age 39) and Elizabeth Paulet Countess Essex were married. She by marriage Countess Essex. He the son of Robert Devereux 2nd Earl Essex and Frances Walsingham Countess Essex (age 63). They were fourth cousins.
On 11th March 1693 Henry Johnson Baron Wentworth (age 31) and Martha Lovelace 8th Baroness Wentworth (age 26) were married.
On 11th March 1720 Louis 6th Duke of Gramont (age 30) and Geneviève de Gontaut (age 24) were married.
On 11th March 1789 Charles Cockerell 1st Baronet (age 34) and Mary Tryphena Blunt were married in Calcutta, India.
On 11th March 1799 Thomas Bruce 11th Earl Kincardine 7th Earl Elgin (age 32) and Mary Nisbet Countess Elgin (age 20) were married. She by marriage Countess Elgin. They had two sons and three daughters. They divorced before 20th April 1808 she having been accused of having an affair with Robert Ferguson of Raith (age 29) whom she subsequently married. The Earl sued Ferguson in both England and Scotland and won £10,000. He the son of Charles Bruce 9th Earl Kincardine 5th Earl Elgin.
On 11th March 1841 Montagu Bertie 5th Earl of Abingdon (age 56) and Frederica Kerr Countess of Abingdon (age 25) were married. She by marriage Countess Abingdon. The difference in their ages was 31 years. He the son of Willoughby Bertie 4th Earl of Abingdon and Charlotte Warren.
On 11th March 1851 John Gay Newton Alleyne 3rd Baronet (age 30) and Augusta Isabella Fitzherbert Lady Alleyne (age 22) were married.
The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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On 11th March 1875 Charles Mordaunt 10th Baronet (age 38) and Harriet Moncreiffe Lady Mordaunt (age 27) were divorced.
On 11th March 1880 Chandos Stanhope Reade 8th Baronet (age 28) and Emma Elizabeth Conway Griffith were married at St George's Church, Hanover Square. She by marriage Lady Reade of Barton in Berkshire.
On 11th March 1946 Edward Fitzgerald 7th Duke Leinster (age 53) and Jessie Smither aka Denise Orme Duchess Leinster (age 60) were married. She by marriage Duchess Leinster. He the son of Gerald Fitzgerald 5th Duke Leinster and Hermione Wilhelmina Duncombe Duchess Leinster.
On 11th March 1198 Marie Capet Countess Champagne (age 53) died.
On 11th March 1214 Hawise Blois 2nd Countess Albemarle and Essex died. Her son William succeeded 3rd Earl Albemarle 1C 1127.
On 11th March 1296 Archbishop John le Romeyn (age 66) died at Bishop Burton.
On 11th March 1352 William Zouche 1st Baron Zouche Harringworth (age 75) died at Harringworth, Northamptonshire [Map]. He was buried at Biddlesden Abbey, Buckinghamshire [Map]. His grandson William (age 30) succeeded 2nd Baron Zouche Harringworth. Elizabeth Ros Baroness Zouche Harringworth by marriage Baroness Zouche Harringworth.
On 11th March 1355 John Beaumont Count Soissons (age 67) died.
On 11th March 1359 John Melun 1st Count Tancarville (age 69) died.
On 11th March 1486 Albert "Achilles" Hohenzollern Elector Brandenburg (age 71) died. His son John (age 30) succeeded Elector Brandenburg. His son Frederick (age 25) succeeded I Margrave Brandenburg-Ansbach. Sophia Jagiellon Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach (age 21) by marriage Margravine Brandenburg-Ansbach.
Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.
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On 11th March 1503 John Stewart 1st Earl of Mar (age 23) died.
On 11th March 1573 Edmund Brydges 2nd Baron Chandos (age 51) died. His son Giles (age 25) succeeded 3rd Baron Chandos of Sudeley.
On 11th March 1620 Bishop Martin Fortherby (age 60) died.
On 11th March 1636 Frances Stanley Countess Bridgewater (age 53) died. She has an inscription of the Great Monument at St Peter and St Paul Church, Little Gaddesden which reads: "ln hope of a happy resurrection, here lieth the Right Honourable and Most Noble Lady Frances Countess of Bridgewater. She was second daughter and one of the coheires of the Right Honourable Ferdinando Earl of Derby, &c. wife to the Right Honourable Sir John Egerton, Knt. of the honourable Order of the Bath, Earl of Bridgewater, Viscount Brackley, Baron of Elesmere, and Lord President of Wales, and the Marches thereof, by whom she was a happy mother of fifteene children, foure sons and, eleven daughters, five of which she buryed young, viz. the Lord James Viscount Brackley, her eldest, the Lord Charles, who succeeded him in birth and honour, seco,nd sonne; the Lady Cecila Egerton, her fourth, Mrs. Alice Egerton her eighth, and the Lady Anne Egerton her tenth daughter, who lyes here jnterred, dying in the eighth yeare of her age. Seven of her daughters she married richly and honourably, viz. the Lady Frances her eldest, the Lady Arabella her second, the Lady Elizabeth her third, the Lady Mary her fifth, the Lady Penelope her sixth, the Lady Katherine her seventh, and the Lady Magdelene her ninth; one of her daughters, viz. the Lady Alice her eleventh, she left unmarried; as she likewise did two of her sonnes, the Lord John Viscount Brackley, her third, and Mr. Thomas Egerton her fourth sonne. She was unparalleled in the gifts of nature and grace, being strong of constitution, admirable for beauty, generous in carriage, of a sweet and noble disposition, wise in her affaires, cheerefull in her discourse, liberall to the poore, pious towards God, and good to all. She lived vertuously 52 yeares; she died religiously the 11th day ,of March, in the yeare of our Lord 1635; and she reigns triumphantly for ever. Psal. cxvi. 15. Precious in the sight of the Lord is the death of his Saints."
On 11th March 1637 Francis Drake 1st Baronet (age 48) died. His son Francis (age 19) succeeded 2nd Baronet Drake of Buckland in Devon.
On 11th March 1661 Mary Scott 3rd Countess Buccleuch (age 13) died. Her sister Anne (age 10) succeeded 4th Countess Buccleuch.
On 11th March 1679 Luise Marie Palatinate Simmern Countess Salm (age 31) died.
On 11th March 1679 John Covert 1st Baronet (age 58) died. Baronet Covert of Slaugham in Sussex extinct. They had one son and four daughters.
On 11th March 1694 Dr Henry Dove died.
On 11th March 1705 Margaret Wemyss Countess Cromartie 3rd Countess Wemyss (age 46) died. Her son David (age 27) succeeded 4th Earl Wemyss.
The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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On 11th March 1705 Elizabeth Howard Countess Northumberland (age 82) died.
On 11th March 1721 George Neville 1st Baron Abergavenny (age 62) died. His son George (age 18) succeeded 2nd Baron Abergavenny.
On 11th March 1739 John Williams 4th Baronet died. His brother Leonard succeeded 5th Baronet Williams of Llangibby.
On 11th March 1743 Catherine Brudenell Countess Middleton (age 95) died.
On 11th March 1745 John Eyles 2nd Baronet (age 62) died. His son Francis succeeded 3rd Baronet Eyles of London.
On 11th March 1747 Matthew Deane 3rd Baronet (age 67) died. His son Matthew (age 41) succeeded 4th Baronet Deane of Muskerry in Cork.
On 11th March 1753 Charles Stourton 15th Baron Stourton (age 51) died without issue. His brother William (age 48) succeeded 16th Baron Stourton. Winifrede Howard Baroness Stourton (age 26) by marriage Baroness Stourton.
On 11th March 1767 Mary Scrope Countess of Deloraine (age 53) died.
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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On 11th March 1770 Stafford Northcote 6th Baronet (age 33) died. His son Stafford (age 7) succeeded 7th Baronet Northcote of Hayne in Devon.
On 11th March 1778 Charles Mordaunt 6th Baronet died. His son John (age 43) succeeded 7th Baronet Mordaunt of Massingham Parva.
On 11th March 1793 William Ponsonby 2nd Earl Bessborough (age 89) died. His son Frederick (age 35) succeeded 3rd Earl Bessborough, 4th Viscount Duncannon of Duncannon in Wexford, 4th Baron Bessborough of Bessborough in Kilkenny.
On 11th March 1793 Robert Lawley 5th Baronet (age 57) died. His son Robert (age 25) succeeded 6th Baronet Lawley of Spoonhill in Shropshire.
On 11th March 1797 Edwin Sandys 2nd Baron Sandes (age 70) died without issue. Baron Sandys of Ombersley in Worcestershire extinct. His estates passed to his niece Mary Sandys Marchioness Downshire (age 33).
On 11th March 1816 Albinia Bertie Countess Buckinghamshire (age 77) died.
On 11th March 1820 Benjamin West (age 81) died.
On 11th March 1833 William Manners aka Tollemache 1st Baronet (age 66) died. His son Lionel (age 38) succeeded 2nd Baronet Tollemache of Hanby Hall in Lincolnshire.
On 11th March 1849 Field Marshal George Nugent 1st Baronet (age 91) died. His son George (age 46) succeeded 2nd Baronet Nugent of Waddesdon in Berkshire. Maria Charlotte Ridley-Colborne Lady Nugent by marriage Lady Nugent of Waddesdon in Berkshire.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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On 11th March 1856 Edward Joseph Smythe 6th Baronet (age 68) died. His son Charles (age 36) succeeded 7th Baronet Smythe.
On 11th March 1869 Christian August Oldenburg II Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg (age 70) died. His son Frederick (age 39) succeeded II Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg.
On 11th March 1878 Frederick William Frankland 8th Baronet (age 84) died. His son William (age 40) succeeded 9th Baronet Frankland of Thirkleby in Yorkshire.
On 11th March 1889 Jacob Pleydell-Bouverie 4th Earl Radnor (age 73) died. His son William (age 47) succeeded 5th Earl Radnor, 6th Viscount Folkestone, 6th Baron Longford, 8th Baronet Bouverie of St Catherine Cree Church in London.
On 11th March 1895 Frederick George Brabazon Ponsonby 6th Earl Bessborough (age 79) died. His brother Walter (age 73) succeeded 7th Earl Bessborough, 8th Viscount Duncannon of Duncannon in Wexford, 8th Baron Bessborough of Bessborough in Kilkenny. Louisa Susan Cornwallis Eliot Countess Bessborough (age 69) by marriage Countess Bessborough.
On 11th March 1904 Henrietta Mary Halliday Lady D'Oyly (age 67) died.
On 11th March 1905 Henry Bromley 5th Baronet (age 55) died. His son Robert (age 31) succeeded 6th Baronet Bromley of Nottingham and East Stoke in Nottinghamshire.
On 11th March 1913 Godfrey Morgan 1st Viscount Tredegar (age 81) died unmarried. He was buried at St Basil's Church, Bassaleg. Viscount Tredegar of Tredegar in Monmouthshire extinct. His nephew Courtenay (age 45) succeeded 3rd Baron Tredegar of Tredegar in Monmouthshire, 5th Baronet Morgan of Tredegar.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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On 11th March 1914 Charles Champagné Des Voeux 6th Baronet (age 86) died. His son Frederick (age 57) succeeded 7th Baronet De Voeux of Indiaville in Queen's County. Hylda Henrietta Brooke Lady Des Voeux (age 35) by marriage Lady De Voeux of Indiaville in Queen's County.
On 11th March 1915 Wyndham Knatchbull-Hugessen 3rd Baron Brabourne (age 29) was killed in action. He was unmarried. His uncle Cecil (age 51) succeeded 4th Baron Bradbourne.
On the previous day the 1st Battalion of the Grenadier Guards took up reserve positions near Neuve Chapelle, and the following day sustained heavy casualties as they crossed the Rue Tilleloy. Sixteen officers and 325 other soldiers were lost that day, according to the battalion's war diary. He has no known grave, but his name is included on the La Touret Memorial in Bethune, France, and there is a memorial for him in his village's parish church.
On 11th March 1916 Eliza Amelia Gore Countess Erroll (age 87) died in Royal Cottage Kew, Surrey.
On 11th March 1929 Lawrence Dundas 1st Marquess Zetland (age 84) died at his home Aske Hall North Yorkshire. His son Lawrence (age 52) succeeded 2nd Marquess Zetland, 2nd Earl of Ronaldshay in Orkney, 4th Earl Zetland aka Shetland, 5th Baron Dundas, 6th Baronet Dundas of Kerse.
On 11th March 1936 William Legge 6th Earl Dartmouth (age 84) died. His son William (age 55) succeeded 7th Earl Dartmouth, 8th Baron Dartmouth. Ruperta Wynn-Carington Countess Dartmouth (age 53) by marriage Countess Dartmouth.
On 11th March 1939 Evelyn Katrine Gwenfra Williams Duchess Wellington (age 84) died at West Green House, Hartley.
On 11th March 1940 Fanny Elizabeth Warriss aka Millie Lindon Lady Hulton (age 70) died.
On 11th March 1947 Alice Lane Fox-Pitt Baroness Avebury (age 85) died.
On 11th March 1953 Lancelot Edward Lowther 6th Earl Lonsdale (age 85) died. His grandson James (age 30) succeeded 7th Earl Lonsdale, 8th Viscount Lowther, 8th Baron Lowther.
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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On 11th March 1972 John Albert William Spencer-Churchill 10th Duke of Marlborough (age 74) died. He was buried at St Martin's Church, Bladon [Map] next to the grave of his first wife Alexandra Mary Cadogan Duchess of Marlborough who died in 1961. His son John (age 45) succeeded 11th Duke Marlborough, 11th Marquess of Blandford, 11th Earl of Marlborough, 11th Baron Churchill of Sandridge in Hertfordshire, 13th Earl of Sunderland, 15th Baron Spencer Wormleighton.
On 11th March 1988 Nicholas Eliot 9th Earl of St Germans (age 74) died at Tangier [Map]. His son Peregrine (age 47) succeeded 10th Earl St Germans, 11th Baron Eliot of St Germans in Cornwall.
On 11th March 1994 Henry Tate 4th Baronet (age 91) died. His son Henry (age 62) succeeded 5th Baronet Tate of Park Hill in Streatham in London.
On 11th March 2004 Henry Farrington 7th Baronet (age 89) died. His son Henry (age 53) succeeded 8th Baronet Farrington of Blackheath in Kent.
On 11th March 2011 Philip Annesley 11th Earl Annesley (age 83) died. His brother Michael (age 77) succeeded 12th Earl Annesley of Castlewellan in County Down, 13th Viscount Glerawly of County Fermanagh, 13th Baron Annesley of Castle Wellan in County Down.