Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.
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12 Jul is in July.
1328 Treaty of Edinburgh Northampton
1346 Commencement of the Crécy Campaign
1397 Arrest and Execution of Richard Fitzalan 9th Earl of Surrey 11th Earl Arundel
1472 Marriage of Richard Duke of Gloucester and Anne Neville
1503 Margaret Tudor's Journey to Scotland
1529 Marriage of Arthur Tudor and Catherine of Aragon
1543 Marriage of Henry VIII and Catherine Parr
1551 Sweating Sickness Outbreak
1553 Lady Jane Grey Proclaimed as Queen
1627 Siege of Saint-Martin-de-Ré
Chronicum Anglicanum by Ralph Coggeshall. And soon both kings, surrounded by a multitude of soldiers and common people, vigorously attacked the city day and night with stone-throwers and various engines. The Saracens, however, being besieged and no longer able to endure the assault of the attackers, surrendered the city to the kings on the fourth day before the Ides of July [12th July 1191]. To them life was granted on this condition: that Saladin, for their ransom, should give seven hundred thousand bezants, and also should return seven hundred captives, whom they might choose, and restore the Lord's Cross, which they had taken in battle. When this was reported to Saladin, who for a long time had pitched his camp not far from the army of the Christians, he was greatly dismayed at what had happened, yet promised that he would do what was required. But when the day came, appointed between them, on which these things were to be carried out, Saladin, deceitfully plotting against the Christians and following another plan, failed to do as he had agreed.
Moxque ambo reges, militari ac populari caterva stipati, urbem cum petrariis ac diversis machinis die noctuque viriliter aggrediuntur. Sarraceni vero obsessi, assultum expugnantium diutius non ferentes, urbem regibus tradiderunt quarto idus Julii; quibus sub hac conditione vita concessa est, si Saláádinus pro redemptione eorum septingenta millia bisantiorum dare vellet, necnon et septingentos captivos, quos eligere vellent, reddere, crucemque Dominicam, quam in bello ceperant restituere. Quod cum Saláádino perlatum esset, qui nonlonge a Christianorum exercitu castra sua multo jam tempore posuerat, nimium ex eo quod acciderat animo consternatus, facturum quod petebatur se esse spopondit. Sed cum dies inter utrosque constituta, qua hæc fieri deberent, advenisset, Saláádinus dolose machinans contra Christianos, alioque usus consilio, sicut prolocutus fuerat, facere dissimulavit.
On 12th July 1240 or 4th December 1240 Blanche Capet was born to King Louis IX of France (age 26) and Margaret Provence Queen Consort France (age 19) at Jaffa. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England. She died aged three in 1244.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough. In this year, on the twelfth day of the month of July [1328], the King of Scotland1, son of Robert Bruce, took to wife at Berwick Joan of the Tower, sister of Edward III since the Conquest; on the occasion of which marriage the King of England, then under age, was stirred up and induced, chiefly by his mother and by Roger de Mortimer, to resign all right and claim of overlordship which he or his forebears had at any time held, or which, by reason of past times, his successors might also hold in the future. For in those days Roger de Mortimer gathered the royal treasure, usurped royal power, and, as it seemed, kept the king in subjection; so that Henry, the elder Earl of Lancaster, who at the king's coronation had been appointed guardian of the king by the agreement of the magnates, being unable to approach, advise, or guard the king, was led, on the counsel of the Archbishop of Canterbury, the bishops, and certain of the magnates, around the feast of Saint Hilary, with a great army, to correct as far as possible the shortcomings and to amend the wrongs; and against the said Roger he tarried about Leicester and Bedford, and by the mediation of the archbishop and many others, Earl Henry humbled himself before the king and promised to answer in parliament for the offence, making satisfaction for it2.
Hoc anno, duodecimo die mensis Julii, rex Scotiæ, filius Roberti Brus, duxit in uxorem apud Berewicum Johannam de Turri sororem Edwardi a Conquæstu tertii; occasione cujus matrimonii excitatus fuit et inductus rex Angliæ, minoris tunc ætatis, per matrem suam præcipue et Rogerum de Mortuo-mari, ad resignandum omne jus et vendicationem superioritatis quod ipse vel progenitores sui temporibus quibuscunque habuerunt, vel ratione temporis præteriti successores etiam habere poterunt in futurum. Illis enim diebus Rogerus de Mortuo-mari thesaurum regium congregavit, potestatem regiam usurpavit, regem, ut videbatur, suppeditavit; ita quod comes Lancastria Henricus senior, in coronatione regis per procerum consensum regis custos deputatus, regi appropiare, consulere, nec custodire valens, consilio archiepiscopi Cantuariensis, episcoporum ac aliquorum procerum, ductus circa festum Sancti Hilarii cum magno exercitu, ut defectus reformaret errataque pro posse raises an corrigeret, contra dictum Rogerum circa Leicestriam et Bedefordiam moram traxit, medianteque archiepiscopo ac multis aliis, comes Henricus regi se humiliavit et ut in parliamento responderet errori inter eos satisfaciendo repromisit.
Note 1. Prince David, the future King of Scotland. He was about five years of age when he married the Princess Joanna. He did not accede to the throne of Scotland till the 7th of June in the year following. He married Joan of the Tower [of London], named for where she was born. The Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton, of which the marriage formed a part, was signed at Edinburgh by Robert Bruce and the English plenipotentiaries, the Bishops of Lincoln and Norwich, Henry de Percy, William la Zouche of Ashby, and Geoffrey le Scrope, on the 17th of March, 1328. Rymer, Fœdera, 2.734.
The Scots, in consideration of the concessions made by King Edward, undertaking to pay the sum of twenty thousand pounds sterling, by three instalments, within the term of three years, Rymer, Fœdera, 2.735.
Note 2. Henry Earl of Lancaster, in conjunction with the King's uncles, the Earls of Norfolk and Kent, and many other nobles, assembled a large force with the intention of depriving Mortimer of the authority he had usurped; but being unexpectedly deserted by the King's uncles, the Earl of Lancaster and his confederates were obliged to submit: upon which, having taken an oath not to attempt anything against the King, the Queen, or any of their Council, they received pardon, with the exception of four, who fled into France, H. Knyghton, Hist. Ang. Script. 2554.
On 12th July 1330 Isabella Barcelona Duchess Austria (age 25) died.
. Be it remembered that our lord the king and his host took land at St. Vaast dela Hougue the 12th day of July [1346], and in order to unship his horses and to rest him and his people and to bake bread he tarried there until the Tuesday next following. And he found at La Hongue eleven ships, whereof eight had castles fore and aft: the which wero burnt. And on the Friday, while the king tarried, certain men went to Barfleur, and thought to have found much people, and found none to speak of; and they found there nine ships with castles fore and aft, two good craiers, and other smaller vessels, which were also burnt. And the town was as good and aa large as the town of Sandwich. And after that the said people were gone, the seamen burned the town. And there are burnt many of the good towns and manors in the country roundabout. And on the Tuesday when the king marched, he went to Valognes, and lay there all night and found food in plenty. And on the next day he marched a long march up to the bridge over the Douve, which they of Carentan had broken down. And the king made repair it the same night, and passed on the morrow even to the said town of Carentan, which is distant but about an English league from the said bridge. The which town is as large as Leicester; and in it they found wine and food in great plenty, and much of the town was burnt, for all that the king could do. And on the Friday the king went and lay in country towns, on a river which was hard to pass. And they of the city of St. Lo brake down the bridge; and the king made mend it, and passed on the morrow, he and his host, and encamped close by the city. And all they of the city had begun to strengthen the same, and had drawn to them many men of arms, to have held the same city; but they fled before the coming of the king. And they found in the said city full a thousand tuns of wine and of other goods great plenty. And the city is greater than Lincoln. And on the morrow the king marched on and lay at an abbey, and his host in the country towns round about him. And they of the host rode pillaging and laying waste five or six leagues round about each day, and they fired many places. And on the Monday the king marched and quartered in the country towns, and on the Tuesday also. And on the Wednesday betimes he came before the city of Caen at the hour of nones, and had news that great plenty of men of arms were within the city. And the king mado array his battles, fair and great, and sent certain men to the city to spy it out. And they found the castle fair and strong; and within was the bishop of Bayeux, knights, and men of arms, who held it. And on that side the water in the city very fair and large; and at one end of the city is an abbey, as noble as can be, where William the Conqueror lieth; and it is closed in with walls and embattled towers, great and strong. In the which abbey there was no man found. And at the other end of the city is another noble abbey 'des Dames.' And no man was found abiding in the said abbeys nor in the town on that side of the water, save only in the castle. And the men of the city were drawn into the city on the other side of the water, where was the constable of France, and the chamberlain of Tancarville, who is a very great lord, and much people, to the number of five or six hundred, and the commons of the city. And the men of our host without accord and without array assailed the bridge, which was much strengthened with a stockade and portcullis, and they had hard fighting; and the French defended the said bridge bravely, and bore up against them right well, before it could be taken. And then were taken the said constable and chamberlain, and to the number of one hundred knights, and six or seven score squires, and knights and squires slain and other people of the city very many, in the streets and houses and gardens; one cannot know what number of men of substance, for that they were presently stripped, so that they could not be known. And no gentleman was slain on our side, save one squire who was wounded and two days after died. And there were found in the city wines and victuals and other goods and chattels without number. Aud the city is greater than any town of England, save London. And when the king marched from la Hougue, about two hundred ships remained, which went to Roche Massé, and they went and fired the country two leagues or three inland, and they took much goods and carried them to their ships. And so they went next to Cherbourg, where there is a goodly town and a strong castle and a fair and noble abbey; and they burned the same town and abbey. And they have fired everything all along the coast of the sea from Roche Massé even to Ouistreham upon the haven of Caen, which is a space of six score English leagues. And the number of the ships which they have burnt is sixty-one ships of war with castles fore and aft, and threo and twenty craiers, without reckoning other smaller vessels more than one and twenty, as of thirty wine tuns burthen. And on the Thursday after that the king was come before Caen, the men of the city of Bayeux prayed of our lord the king that they should yield to him them and their city and do homage unto him; but he would not receive them for certain reasons and until he should be able to save them from injury.
Fait a remembrer qe nostre seignur le roy et son host pristrent terre a Hogges de Seint Vaal le XIJme jour de Juyl, et pur deskiper ses chivaux et reposer luy et ses gentz et fourner pain demurra illeosqes tantqe al Mardy proschein suant. Et treova a les Hogges xj. niefs, des queux viIJ avoient chastiel devaunt et derere: lez quenx homme fist ardre. Et le Vendredy, taunt come le roi demurra, ascuns gentz alerent a Barflet et quidoient avoir trove plusors gents, et troverent nulles a regard; et treoverent illesges ix. niefs on chastels devaunt et derere, IJ bones oraiers, et aultres meindres vesseaux, les queux fusrent auxint arz. Et feust la ville anxi bone et auxi graunde come la ville de Sandwich. Et apres qe lez ditz gentz fusrent ales, lez marineres arderent la ville. Et sount ars plusors des bones villes et manoirs en le pais enviroun. Et le Mardy qe le roi remua il ala a Valoignes, et geust illesqes tut la nuyt et trova des vitailles assetz. Et lendemain remua une graunt journey tantqe a pount Doue, quel ceux de la ville de Carantane debruserent. Et le roi le fist refaire mesme la nuyt, et passa lendemain tange al dite ville de Carantane, qe neet forsqe entour une lieu Engleis del dit pount. La quele ville est auxi grosse come Leicestre; od ils troverount vines et vitailles graunt foisoun, et feust molt de la ville ars, pur riens ge le roy purroit faire. Et le Vendredy le roy ala et geust en villes campestres, sur une river qe feust mal a passer. Et ceaux de la ville de Seint Lee dobraserent le pount; ot le roi le fist refaire, et passalendemain, luy et son host, et se herberga joynaunt a la ville. Et avoient toutz de la ville comence dafforcer la dit ville et attret a eux multz de gentz darmes, davoir tenu mesme la ville; et sen alerent, avaunt la venue le roy. Et troverount en la dite ville bien mil tonels de vin et des sultres biens grant foisoun. Et est la ville plus grosse qe nest Nichole. Et lendemain le roi prist son chemyn et geust a un abbe et son host as villes champestres entour luy. Et chivacherent lez gents del host robbantz et destruasuntsz V od VJ lieus environ touts les jours, et arderent en plusors lieus. Et le Lundi le roy remus et se herberga as villes champestres, et le Mardy auxint. Et le Mescredy par temps vint devaunt la ville de Caame a heure de none, et avoit novels ge graunt foisoun dez gentz darmes fusrent deinz la ville. Et le roi fist arraier ses batailles, bieles et grosses, et maunda ascuns gentz a la ville de lez veer. Et troveront le chastiel biele et fort; et leinz fust levesqe de Baious, chivalers, et gentz darmes, qe le tiegnent. Et cele partie de la eawe est la ville molt biele et molt grosse; et al une bout de la ville est une abbe, si noble come il peot estre, od William le conquerour gist; et est ferme de mures et toures bataillez, grauntz et fortes. En quele abbe nul homme nestoit. Et al antre bout de la ville une autre noble abbe des dames. Et nul homme ne feust demurre as dites abbeies ne en la ville de cele part del eawe, forsqge en chastel. Et lez gentz de la ville fusrent trahez en la ville del autre part del eawe, ou le conestable de Fraunce estoit, et le chamberlain de Tankerville, gest une mult graunt seignur, et plusors gentz, a la mountance de D od DC., et la comune de la ville. Et noz gentz del host sauntz assent et saunz arraie assaillerent le pount, qe feust mult bien afforce des bretagez et barrers, et avoient mult affaire; et lez Fraunceis defenderent le dit pount fortment, et a eux porteront mult bien, devaunt gil peot estre pris sur eaux. Et adonqges fusrent pris lez ditz conestable et chamberlain, et al mountance de c. chivalers, et dez esquiers vjxx od vijdd et mortz chivalers, esquiers, et autres gentz de la ville graunt foisoun, en lez rues, mesouns, et es gardines; homme ne peot mye savoir gele nombre dez gentz de bien, pur ceo gils fusrent tauntost despoillez, qe homme ne lez purroit conustre. Et nul gentil homme mort de noz, forsqe une esquier qe feust blesce et morust IJ jours apres. Et fusrent treove en la ville vines, vitailles, et aunltres biens et chatieux santz nombre. Et est la ville plus grosse qe nulle ville Dengleterre, horspris Loundrez. Et gaunt le roy se remua de lez Hogges, entour cc. de niefs demurrerent, lez queux alerent a Rothemasse, et alerent et arderent le pais IJ lieues od iIJ deinz la terre, et pristrent plusors biens et amesnerent a lours niefs. Et issint alerent puis a Cherburgh, od il y aad une bone ville et fort chastel et une biele abbeie et noble; et ount arz la dite ville et labbeie. Et tout ount ars par toutz lez costers sour le meer de Rothemasse tantqe a Hostrem sour la havene de Caame, qamounte a vj= lieues Engleis. Et est le nombre des niefs qils ount ars Ixj. de guerre od chastel devaunt et dercre, et xxiIJ crayers, ssuns autres maindres vasseaux plusors de xxj, come de xxx. tonels de vyn. Et le Jeofdy apres ceo qe lo roy feust venus devaunt Caame, ceaux de la citee de Bious demsundrent a nostre seignar le roy gils se vorroient rendre a luy eaux et lour ville et lui faire homage; meas il ne les voleit receivre pur ascuns enchesouns et tantqe lex purroit salver de damage.
On 12th July 1346 King Edward III of England (age 33) landed at La Hogue [Map] with army of around 10,000 men including John Lisle 2nd Baron Lisle (age 28).
Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke [-1360]. Finally, on the thirteenth day of the same month of July1 [1346], they arrived at the desired port. Upon landing, the king knighted his eldest son and created him Prince of Wales. Immediately, the prince in turn knighted2 the lords Mortimer (age 17), Montagu (age 18), and de Ros (age 17), and others were likewise promoted to the order of knighthood. For the rest of that day and the whole night, the king lodged in the town of Hogue, and the next day, Tuesday, the army burned the town and proceeded inland through the region of the Cotentin Peninsula. That night, the king lodged at Marcellins, where he remained for five days, during which the entire countryside, including the town of Barfleur, was burned and laid waste along the whole coastline.
Tandem die tertio decimo eiusdem mensis Iulii, ad portum desideratum applicuerunt, ubi, nacti terram, in littore suum primogenitum fecit militem et eum principem Wallie constituebat. Statim princeps fecit milites dominos de Mortimer, de Monte acuto, et de Ros; et cum illis eciam fuerunt alii consimiliter ad ordinem promoti militarem. Per residuum diei et totam noctem rex in villa de Hogges ospitabatur, et in crastino, die Tovis, per exercitum villa combusta, deinde per patriam Constantin profectus, nocte sequenti in Marcelins rex hospitabatur, ibi per quinque dies commoratus, in quibus tota patria cum villa de Barbeflete combusta fuerat, vastata cum tota illa costa marina.
Note 1. The route of Edward's march in the Crécy campaign, across the north of France, from La Hougue to Calais, is here traced with great fullness, and there is no difficulty in identifying almost every place that is named. There is, however, a lack of dates, so that, were there no other means of checking the daily advance of the army, it would be hard, if not impossible, to make out the successive stages with perfect accuracy. Fortunately there is extant the journal of the king's kitchen, kept during the expedition, in which are recorded the names of the places where the king lodged, generally with accompanying dates. This document is quoted in 'Proofs of the early use of Gunpowder in the English Army,' by Mr. Joseph Hunter, printed in Archaeologia, 32: "The king landed at 'Hok,' or 'Hogges,' in Normandy, meaning the port of La Hogue, on Wednesday, the 12th July 1346, and the daily operations of his kitchen proceed at the same place till the Tuesday following, when they are transferred to Valognes. The day's stages of the King's march were now. Saint Come du Mount, Carenton, Pount Herbert, and Saint Lo. He then appears to have changed his purpose, and to have directed his march towards Caen, arriving there on Wednesday the 26th, the intermediate stages having been Sevance, Torteval, and Funtenay Paynel. He remained five days at Caen, and he left the place on the last day of July for Lisieux, at which place he arrived on the second of August, having passed through Treward and Leoperty. He was two days at Lisieux: on the 4th of August he was at Durenvile, on the 5th at Limburgh, the 7th at Oil de Boef, and the 8th at Pount Vadreel. The daily stages were now, Longvile, Frenose, Appone, Ferelaguillon, and Poissy, where he arrived on the 13th of August. He was then about 12 miles from Paris. He remained at Poissy till the 16th, on which day he had begun his march northward. The first day's march was to Grisy, the next to Anty, the next to Trussereux, then to Somerreux, Causeamyneux, and Asshen, where he arrived on the 21st of August. He spent the 22nd and 23rd at Asshen.
We then find him in this humble but authentic chronicle:
Thursday, August 24, 'sub foresta de Cressy.'
Friday, August 25, 'in foresta de Cressy.'
Saturday, August 26, 'adhuc sub foresta de Cressy.'
Sunday, August 27, 'in campis sub foresta de Cressy.'"
There is also a contemporary itinerary, copied in a hand of the 15th century, in the Cotton MS. Cleopatra D. 7. f. 179. From these two documents and Baker's route a perfect itinerary can be constructed.
There are extant also several letters written during the campaign, which enter more or less into details. These are the letters of Edward to sir Thomas Lucy (Coxe, The Black Prince, by Chandos Herald, Roxburghe Club, 1842, p. 351.
To the archbishop of Canterbury (Lettenhove's Froissart 18.285.
To the archbishop of York (Chronicle of Lanercost 342.
Bartholomew Burghersh to the archbishop of York; 
Murimuth 200.
Bartholomew Burghersh to the archbishop of York;
Murimuth 202.
Letter of Thomas Bradwardine, chancellor of St. Paul's;
Murimuth 201.
Letter of Michael Northburgh; Murimuth 212, 367, Avesbury 358.
Letter of Michael Northburgh; Avesbury 367.
Letter of Richard Wynkeley, the king's confessor; Murimuth 215; Avesbury 362.
I here give the stages as they appear in the Kitchen Journal (see also Brit. Mus., Add. MS. 25461, f. II); and also print the itinerary from the Cotton MS:
Kitchen Journal
12 July (Wednesday). Hok.
18 July (Tuesday). Valognes.
19 July (Wednesday). Saint Comb du Mont.
20 July (Thursday). Carentan.
21 July (Friday). Pount [Hébert].
22 July (Saturday). Saint Lo.
23 July (Sunday). Sevaunce.
24 July (Monday). Torteval.
25 July (7uesday). Funtenay Paynel.
26 July (Wednesday). Caen.
31 July (Monday). Treward.
1 August (Zuesday). Leoperty.
2 August (Wednesday). Lisieux.
4 August (Friday). Durenvile.
5 August (Saturday). Limburgh.
7 August (Monday). Oil de Boef.
8 August (Tuesday). Pount Vadreel.
9 August (Wednesday). Longville.
10 August (Thursday). Frenose.
11 August (Friday). Appone.
12 August (Saturday). Ferelaguillon.
13 August (Sunday). Poissy.
16 August (Wednesday). Grisy.
17 August (Thursday). Auty.
18 August (Friday). Trussereux.
19 August (Saturday). Somerreux.
20 August (Sunday). Canseamyneux.
21 August (Monday). Assheu.
24 August (Thursday). Sub foresta de Cressy.
25 August (Friday). In foresta de Cressy.
26 August (Saturday). Adhuc sub foresta de Cressy.
27 August (Sunday). Incampissub foresta de Cressy.
28 August (Monday). Valoles.
29 August (Twuesday). Mauntenay.
30 August (Wednesday). Saint Joce in Pountif.
31 August (Thursday). Chastelnoef.
2 September (Saturday). Vintevill.
3 September (Sunday). Vintevill.
4 September (Monday). Coram Calais.
Cotton MS. Cleopatra D. 7, f. 179
On comparing these two itineraries with that given in the text, it will be seen that there are certain discrepancies. In some instances these are no doubt due to mere blundering; but others may be accounted for as variations of three different statements written independently by persons marching with different battles of the army. Putting the three itineraries together, we can lay down the following route:
12 July, Wednesday. Landing at Saint-Vaast-de-la-Hougue. Baker has inadvertently dated this event the 13th July; but, as he speaks of the next day as Thursday, he is only wrong in the day of the month.
13 July, Thursday. Headquarters at Morsalines, only two or three miles from St. Vaast. The Kitchen Journal does not notice the removal. Halt of five days. The country wasted, and Barfleur burnt [on Friday, 14th July].
18 July, Tuesday. To Valognes, 9 miles S.W.
19 July, Wednesday. To Saint-Côme-du-Mont, just north of the river Douve, 14 miles S. by E. Cott. MS. fixes the halt at 'Caueny,' no doubt Coigny, 5 miles W. of Saint-Côme-du-Mont. Probably one of the battles lay there.
20 July, Thursday. Across the Douve to Carentan, only two or three miles.
21 July, Friday. The K. J. and Cott. MS. name Pont-Hébert, a town lying 11 miles S.E. of Carentan and about 4 miles N.W. of Saint-Lo, as the halting place for this day. Baker records the march to 'Serins,' Saint-Lo, and Torigni, and their destruction, and then gives Cormolain as the king's headquarters for the night. He has clearly compressed the events of two days into one. 'Serins' is probably a clerical error for Sevins, Sept-Vents or Sevans, the place which K. J. calls 'Sevance.' If 'Serins' were the correct reading, it might mean Ceérisy-la-Forêt or Cérisy-l'Abbaye, which however lies too much off the route.
22 July, Saturday. To Saint-Lo (K. J. and Cott. MS.)
23 July, Sunday. To Sept-Vents (K. J.) about 12 miles S.E. of Saint-Lo. Cormolain, mentioned by Baker and Cott MS., is not far from Sept-Vents, and may be reckoned as the halting-place of some part of the army.
24 July, Monday. To Torteval (K. J. and Cott. MS.), only about 5 miles E. of Cormolain. Baker makes this day's halt at 'Gerin,' a monastic cell, which may be identical with Cairon or le Quéron, a little S. of Fontenay-le-Pesnel.
25 July, Tuesday. To Fontenay-le-Pesnel (K. J.), 7 or 8 miles E. According to Cott. MS., only to Mauperthuis, just past Torteval.
26 July, Wednesday. To Caen; taken by assault. Halt of five days. Baker dates the capture of Caen on the day before, and makes the halt to last six days.
31 July, Monday. To 'Troward ' (Troarn), 8 miles E.; and Argences, 4 miles S. of Troarn.
I August, Tuesday. To Rumesnil, 9 miles E. K.J. fixes the stage at Leaupartie, which is quite close to Rumesnil; Cott MS. on the other hand, at Saint-Pierredu-Jonque on the left of the Dives, only about 5 miles E. by S. of Troarn.
2, 3 August, Wednesday and Thursday. To Lisieux, 9 miles E. by S. Halt of two days. Baker makes it three days.
4 August, Friday. To 'Lestintnoland' (Le Teil-Nollent), 14 miles E., or to Duranville (K. J.) adjoining Le Teil-Nollent.
5 August, Saturday. Through Brionne, 9 miles, to Le Neubourg, 9 miles further E. The latter place appears as 'Limburgh' in K.J. Cott. MS. makes a halt on both the 4th and 5th at Le Teil-Nollent.
6 August, Sunday. Apparently a halt.
7 August, Monday. To Elbeuf on the Seine, 11 miles N.E. 'Celebeef,' in Baker; 'Oil de Boef," in K. J. Cott. MS. makes the march to Elbeuf fall on Sunday, and continues a day in advance down to the 11th.
8 August, Tuesday. Passing Pont-de-l'Arche, to Léry, said to be on the Seine, but really on the Eure, 9 miles E. K. J. makes this stage halt at 'Pount Vadreel,' no doubt St-Cyr-de-Vaudreuil, a little S. of Léry.
9 August, Wednesday. Through Gaillon to Longueville, near Vernon. Longueville does not appear in the maps. Perhaps it was a suburb of Vernon; 17 miles S.E.
10 August, Thursday? Capture of the castle of Roche-blanche (not in the maps). This seems to be the 'chastel de la Roche,' of Cott. MS., there stated to have been captured on the 7th. Advance to Freneuse, 9 miles up the Seine, incorrectly called 'Frevile' by Baker.
11 August, Friday. Through Mantes, to Epone, 12 miles S.E.
12 August, Saturday. To Fresnes, 5 or 6 miles E. K. J. has 'Ferelaguillon,' which is no doubt a corruption of Fresnes-Ecquevilly.
13 August, Sunday. To Poissy, 6 miles E. According to Baker, the march to Fresnes was on Friday, and the arrival at Poissy on Saturday. Skirmish with a detachment from Amiens.
14, 15 August, Monday and Tuesday. Halt.
16 August, Wednesday. To Grisy, 14 miles N. Baker calls this place 'Gersile.'
17 August, Thursday. To Auteuil, 15 miles N.
18 August, Friday. To Troissereux, 10 miles N.W.
19 August, Saturday. To Sommereux, 15 miles N. In these last marches Baker still continues a day in advance, making the stage of Auteuil on Wednesday, and from thence to Sommereux on Thursday and Friday.
20 August, Sunday. Poissy taken. Then to Camps-en-Amienois (K. J. and Cott. MS.), 8 miles N. Baker refers the capture of Poissy alone to Sunday.
21, 22 August, Monday and Tuesday. To Airaines, 6 miles N. of Camps-enAmienois. Halt. K. J. has 'Assheu ' (Acheux) under date of the 21st; the king's kitchen must have been sent on far in advance.
23 August, Wednesday. To Acheux, 13 miles N.W.
24 August, Thursday. Passage of the Somme. Skirmish at Noyelle-sur-Mer, 8 miles N. Le Crotoy taken. Camp 'sub foresta de Cressy ' (K. J.).
25 August, Friday. Pass through the forest (Cott. MS.). 'In foresta' (K. J.). Attempt by the French to cross the river.
26 August, Saturday. In the open field before Crécy (Cott. MS.), about 8 miles N.E. of Noyelle. 'Adhuc sub foresta' (K. J.). The battle fought.
27 August, Sunday. On the field of battle. 'In campis sub foresta' (K. J.).
28 August, Monday. To 'Abbeville' (Cott. MS.) or 'Valoles' (K. J.), evidently Valloire-Abbaye, on the road to Maintenay.
29 August, Tuesday. To Maintenay, 8 or 9 miles N. of Crécy.
30 August, Wednesday. To Saint-Josse, 10. miles N.W.
31 August, 1 September, Thursday and Friday. To Neufchatel, 10 miles N. Halt. 2, 3 September (Saturday and Sunday). To Wissant (Cott. MS.), 18 miles N. K. J. says 'Vintevill,' i.e. Wimille, 10 miles N. Halt,
4 September (Monday). To Calais.
Note 2. Of the three here mentioned, Roger Mortimer was born about the year 1327, was restored to the earldom of March in April 1354, and died in 1360; William de Montacute, the young earl of Salisbury, was born in 1328, and died in 1397; and William de Roos was summoned to parliament in 1350, and died in the Holy Land in 1352.
On 12th July 1397 Richard Fitzalan 9th Earl of Surrey 4th or 11th Earl of Arundel (age 51) was arrested for his opposition to King Richard II of England (age 30).
Patent Rolls. 12th July 1408. Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumberland [Map]. Mandate to the mayor of Newcastle upon Tyne to receive the head of Henry Boynton, "chivaler," and to place it on the bridge of the town to stay there as long as it can last. By K.
The like to the keepers or governors of the city of York and their lieutenant to receive the heads of Richard de Ask and Ranulph del See, and place them on the gate called "Bothom Barre" of the city. By K.
On 12th July 1435 Edward Aviz was born to Edward "The Philosopher" I King Portugal (age 43) and Eleanor Trastámara Queen Consort Portugal. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 4.40%. He died aged less than one years old.
Chronicle of Gregory [1400-1467]. 12th July 1436. Ande xij day of Juylle the Erle of Mortayne (age 30), the lord Camyse, whythe othyr moo knyghtes and squyers went out whythe a goodely mayny unto the Bastyle, and wanne it manfully, and sette it a fyre; and in that same Bastyle was v. C. [500] men of armys, of the whyche v. c. [500] schapyd not a way the nombyr of xij [12] men, as letters made mencyon that were sente into Ingelonde. Ande a-non the Duke of Burgone (age 39) with alle his oste fledde cowardely; and he lefte the moste parte of his stoffe and ordynance be hynde, for he hadde haste in his fleynge; for there were lefte many grete gonnys, and many of othyr ordynaunce, why the moche vytayle of flesehe, flowre, wyne, bere, and a grete nomber of barellys whythe botyr, &c.
On 12th July 1450 Jack Cade (age 30) was captured at which time he was wounded and died of his wounds.
Pakington's Chronicle [-1390]. [12th July 1450] One Iden, a Squier of Kent, toke Jak Cade (age 30) in a Garden in Southfax, an ther slew hym.
Chronicle of Gregory [1400-1467]. 12th July 1450. And uppon the xij day of Juylle, the year a-fore said, the said camptayne was cryde and proclaymyd traytoure, by the name of John Cade, in dyvers placys of London, and also in Sowtheworke, whythe many moo, that what man might or wolde bryng the said John Cade to the kyng, qwyke or dede, shulde have of the King a thousande marke. Also who som evyr might brynge or wolde brynge any of his chyffe counsellourys, or of afynyte, that kept any state or rewle or governansse undyr the sayd fals captayne John Cade, he schulde have to his rewarde of the King v. c. [500] marke. And that day was that fals traytoure the Captayne of Kentte i-take and slayne in the Welde in the countre of Sowsex, and uppon the morowe he was brought in a.earre alle nakyd, and at the Herte in Sowetheworke there the carre was made stonde sty lie, the wife of the howse might se him yf it were the same man or no that was namyd the Captayne of Kente, for he was loggyd whythe yn her howse in his pevys tyme of his mys rewylie and rysynge. And thenne he was hadde in to the Kyngys Bynche [Map], and there he lay from Monday at evyn unto the Thursseday nexte folowynge at evyn; and whythe yn the Kings Benehe [Map] the said captayne was be-heddyde and quarteryde; and the same day i-d[r]awe a-pon a hyrdylle in pecys whythe the hedde by-twyne his breste from the Kyngys Benehe thoroughe out Sowthewerke, and thenne ovyr Londyn Brygge, and thenne thoroughe London unto Newegate, and thenne his hedde was takyn and sette uppon London Brygge.
Patent Rolls. 12th July 1462. Grant in fee simple to the king's servant John Wenlok (age 62), knight, lord of Wenlok, of all lordships, manors, lands, rents and services with knight's fees and advowsons late of John Fortescue (age 68), knight, in the counties of Middlesex and Hertford and elsewhere within the realm and the reversion of the manor of Eburton, co. Gloucester, on the death of Jocosa Grevill alias Beauchampe, widow, belonging to the king by reason of the forfeiture of the said John Fortescue. By K.
Vacated by surrender and cancelled, because on 3 February, 8 Edward IV. the king by writ of privy seal ordered Robert, Bishop of Bath and Wells (age 42), chancellor, and Robert Kirkeham, keeper of the rolls of Chancery, to receive the same from the said John, by John Holme.
On 12th July 1472 Richard Duke of Gloucester (age 19) and Anne Neville (age 16) were married at St Stephen's Chapel, Westminster Palace [Map]. She by marriage Duchess Gloucester. She the daughter of Richard "Kingmaker" Neville Earl Warwick, 6th Earl Salisbury and Anne Beauchamp 16th Countess Warwick (age 45). He the son of Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York and Cecily "Rose of Raby" Neville Duchess York (age 57). They were first cousin once removed. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
Collectanea by John Leland [1502-1552]. The XIIth Day of the sayd Monneth [12th July 1503] departyd the sayd Quene (age 13) from the sayd Place in the Manere precedente, and drew hyr Way ryght to Sirowsby [Map] (a Manayr of the Reverend Father in God my Lord the Archbyshop of Yorke) to her Bedd.
Thre Mylle from the sayd Place cam before hyr Sir Thomas Wortely (age 70) before named, varey honestly drest, and compayned of his folks in his Liveray, well horsed, to thc Nomber of XXV Horsys.
Also ther cam Sir Gervays Clyfton, honnesty drest, and accompayned of of his Folks arayd of hys Devyse, well mounted.
Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic Henry VIII 1529. After 12th July 1529. Vit. B. XII. 70. B. M. 5774. Catharine of Arragon.
Vit. B. XII. 130. B. M.
6. Deposition of Nicholas Bishop of Ely (age 68).
Is 68 years of age.
Princes Arthur and Henry were legitimate sons of Henry VII. and his Queen Elizabeth. Was present at the marriage of Prince Arthur, but can say nothing as to the words used, on account of the tumult and multitude of people there. Can say nothing as to the consummation, but he doubts of it, because the Queen has often told him, on the testimony of her conscience, "quod [non] fuit carnaliter a dicto Arthuro cognita," [Translation. That she had not known Arthur conjugally] but they were both of sufficient age. As to the 5th article, believes the marriage was contracted both de facto and de jure, by reason of the dispensation; but he cannot depose to the time mentioned in the article. To the 6th article, has always believed that it is true as to jus divinum, and believes that it is also true as to jus ecclesiasticum. The 7th article would be true if there had not been a legitimate dispensation. Can depose nothing to the 8th article. Has heard the archbishop of Canterbury say that he had a dispute with the late Bishop of Winchester on the subject. To the 9th, the present King and Queen were lawfully married, as he believes. Believes the 10th to be true, as the Pope affirms it in a rescript. Believes the 11th to be true. To the 12th, does not consider that the legates are competent judges, as an appeal has been made.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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On 12th July 1532 Mechthild Wittelsbach was born to William Wittelsbach IV Duke Bavaria (age 38) and Marie Jakobaea Baden Duchess Bavaria (age 25). Coefficient of inbreeding 1.61%.
On 12th July 1537 Robert Aske (age 37) was hanged in chains at Clifford's Tower. The date may have been Friday 06 Jul as implied by the letters of the Duke of Norfolk?
George aka William Lumley and Nicholas Tempest (age 57) were hanged at Tyburn [Map].
On 12th July 1543 Henry VIII (age 52) and Catherine Parr (age 30) were married at Hampton Court Palace [Map]. She was crowned Queen Consort England. His sixth and last marriage, her third marriage; her previous husband had died four months before. The difference in their ages was 21 years. He the son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland and Elizabeth York Queen Consort England. They were third cousin once removed. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
Henry's two daughters Mary (age 27) and Elizabeth (age 9) attended, as did his niece Margaret Douglas Countess Lennox (age 27).
Catherine's sister Anne (age 28) attended with her husband William Herbert 1st Earl Pembroke (age 42).
Annales of England by John Stow. The 15 of April, the infections sweating sicknesse began at Shrewsbury, Shropshire [Map], which ended not in the North part of England untill the ende of September. "In this space what number died, it cannot be well accompted, but certaine it is that in London in fewe daies 960. gave up the ghost: if began in London the 9. of July, and the 12. of July it was most vehement, which was so terrible, that people being in best health, were sodainly taken, and dead in foure and twenty houres, and twelve, or lesse, for lacke of skill in guiding them in their sweat. And it is to be noted, that this mortalitie fell chiefely or rather on men, and those also of the best age, as betweene thirty and forty yeares, fewe women, nor children, nor olde men died thereof. Sleeping in the beginning was present death, for if they were suffered to sleepe but half a quarter of an houre, they never spake after, nor had any knowledge, but when they wakened fell into panges of death. This was a terrible time in London, for many one lost sodainly his friends, by the sweat, and their money by the proclamation. Seven honest householders did sup together, and before eight of the clocke in the next morning, four them were dead: they that were taken with full stomacks escaped hardly. This sickenesse followed English men as well within the realme, as in strange countries: wherefore this nation was much afeard of it, and for the time began to repent and remember God but as the disease relented, the devotion deceased. The first weeke died in London 800 persons.
On 12th July 1551 Thomas Speke (age 43) died, probably of sweating sickness.
Henry Machyn's Diary. 12th July 1551. The xij day of July ded sir Thomas Speke (age 43) knyght in Chanseler lane, in saynt Donstonys parryche in the whest [Map], at ys owne howsse; he fell [sick] in the court; and was bered with standard, penon, cote armur, elmet, sword, and target; and vj dosen of shokchyons of armes, and the compeny of the Clarkes; and the sam day ded on of the Gard, and bered ther by.
Note. Funeral of sir Thomas Speke. Sir Thomas Speke was an eminent lawyer: he was steward of the royal manors of Greenwich, &c. and keeper of Eltham palace. His funeral achievements were remaining in St. Dunstan's church [Map] in the time of Nicholas Charles, as described in the Collectanea Topogr. et Genealog. iv. 98; and from them it appears that he married a Berkeley.
Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary 1553. 12th July 1553. The xij th dale the lady Mary (age 37) sent to Norwich [Map] to be proclaymed, but they wolde not, because they were not certeyn of the kinges death; but within a daye after they dyd not only proclayme hir, but also sent men and weapons to ayde hir.
Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary 1553. 12th July 1553. The 12. of July word was brought to the Councell, being then at the Tower [Map] with the lady Jane (age 17), that the lady Mary was at Keninghall castle [Map] in Norfolk, and with her the earle of Bath (age 54), sir Thomas Wharton (age 33) sonne to the lord Wharton (age 58), sir John Mordaunt (age 45) sonne to the lord Mordaunt (age 73), sir William Drury (age 3),a sir John Shelton (age 50), sir Henry Bedingfield (age 44), master Henry Jerningham (age 41), master John Sulierde, master Richard Freston, master sergeant Morgan, master Clement Higham of Lincolnes inne, and divers others; and also that the earle of Sussex and master Henry Ratcliffe his sonne were comming towards her: whereupon by speedy councell it was there concluded, that the duke of Suffolk, with certaine other noblemen, should goe towards the lady Mary, to fetch her up to London. This was first determined; but by night of the same day the said voyage of the duke of Suffolke was cleane dissolved by the speciall meanes of the lady Jane his daughter, who, taking the matter heavily, with weeping teares made request to the whole councell that her father might tarry at home in her company: whereupon the councell perswaded with the duke of Northumberland to take that voyage upon him, saying that no man was so fit therefor, because that he had atchieved the victory in Norfolke once already,b and was therefore so feared, that none durst once lift up their weapon against him: besides that, he was the best man of warre in the realme; as well for the ordering of his campes and souldiers both in battell and in their tents, as also by experience, knowledge, and wisedome, he could animate his army with witty perswasions, and also pacific and alay his enemies pride with his stout courage, or else to disswade them if nede were from their enterprise. "Well (quoth the duke then) since ye thinke it good, I and mine will goe, not doubting of your fidelity to the quenes majestie, which I leave in your custodie." So that night hee sent for both lords, knights, and other that should goe with him, and caused all things to be prepared accordingly. Then went the councell in to the lady Jane and told her of their conclusion, who humbly thanked the duke for reserving her father at home, and beseeched him to use his diligence, whereto he answered that hee would doe what in him lay.
Note a. Sir William Drury, for his services "at Framlingham," received, by patent dated the 1st Nov. following, an annuity of 100 marks: see it printed in Rymer's Foedera, xv. 352. A like annuity of 200 marks was granted on the 14th Nov. to Thomas West lord la Warre for his services against the duke (ibid. p. 352); one of 100. on the 4th Dec. to sir Richard Southwell (ibid. p. 355); and one of 501. on the 10th Feb. to Francis Purefay for his services at Framlingham (ibid. p. 365). Probably many others, unnoticed by Rymer, are recorded on the Patent Rolls.
Note b. In the suppression of Kett's rebellion.
On 25th March 1605 Elizabeth Russell Countess Bath was buried at St Peter's Church, Tawstock [Map]. After 12th July 1623 William Bourchier 3rd Earl Bath (age 47) was buried with his wife.
The monument subject to restoration and repainting around 1980.
Monument, possibly by Nicholas Johnson, with Latin inscriptions: Æ.S. Lege viator quæ Magnatum saxa rarissime, loquuntur vir probus et mobilis utero hic situs est Guiliemus Bourgchier Comes Bathone nsis æternitatem apud motales meritus Suauissimo connubio connnxit nobii tatem et virtutem utranq dignitatum in omnibus constanter retinvit et ornavit vixit in hac ipsa Devonia cvi datus est praefectus et puincian triginta pius minus annis integerppime administravit Deum tam privatis quam publicis officus religiosissime colvit magnificum exemplum beneficentiæ, et hosptalitatis pavprervmq et oppressorum acerrimus patronus diniq cum inoffensae foelicitatis cursum ad sinium vsq propuxisset decessit e vivis incens et aeternum Devoniae suæ desiderium 12 July anno salvitus 1623 ætatis vero suæ 65. Uxorem duxit lectissimam toeminan sociam ... sepulchri dnam Elizabetham Francisci Comitis Bedfordensis Filiam ex qua genuit Johem Robertum et Edwardum Filios et Franciscam Filiam E quibus Edwardum modo Comitem Bathoniensem solum reliquit supersitem ipsoum clarissimæ familiæ suis quoq virtutibus et foelicissimo conivgio futurum ornamentum. Hoc fac et vives.
"Reader, read what the rare stones of the great ones seldom speak, here lies buried William Bourchier, Earl of Bath, deserving of eternity among mortals. He united nobility and virtue by a most delightful marriage, consistently maintaining and adorning both dignities in all things. He lived in this very Devonshire, over which he presided as prefect and justice of the peace for thirty years with the utmost integrity. He devoutly worshipped God in both private and public duties, magnificently exemplifying benevolence, hospitality, and being the most ardent protector of the oppressed. When he had set forth the course of his harmless happiness to the bosom of eternity, he departed from the living, leaving behind an incense and eternal longing for his Devonshire. On July 12th, in the year of salvation 1623, at the age of 65. He married the most distinguished lady, Elizabeth, daughter of Francis, Earl of Bedford, by whom he begot John, Robert, and Edward, sons, and Frances, a daughter. Of these, he left surviving only Edward, now Earl of Bath, a future ornament to his most illustrious family by his own virtues and most happy marriage. Do this, and you will live."
BATHONÆ COMTIÆ DEVON PRAEFECTO MEMORIÆ ERGO Ana: Crono: Epi: Mors mihi Ivcrvm ... In grama tum ... Bon Temps viendra Morior ... Orior ... Ad sepul crum ... Finis ... Coronat Ana: Gulielmus Bourchier Luge (si ob Iucrum Heri) Quid sibi vult Tumulus. Quaeve hoec Insignia Iuctus Eft COMES in Svperos ecce LOCUMQ TENES Quare fles, Devonia vel, Bathonia, qvare eXIIt: en bon teMps nVnCo VIenDra patet (Crono) IVLIVS, hoc, mensis fuit AUGUSTISSIMUS, anno Atq SECUNDA (decem junge) SECUNDA dies Non amor, invidia est, DOLOR, euge, lege, (ALME VIATOR) Et difce exemplo VIVERE, disce mori. Sic cecinit, non elevit.
To the memory of William Bourchier, Earl of Bath, Prefect of Devon: Ana: Chrono: Epitaph: Death is my Law ... Then in the grave ... Good Times will come. I die ... I rise ... To the tomb ... The End ... Ana crowns: William Bourchier Mourn (if for the joy of yesterday) What does the Tumulus mean? What does this Emblem of Grief signify? BEHOLD, the Earl holds a place among the heavens. Why do you weep, Devon or Bath, why do you mourn: behold, good times are coming, soon they will come (Chronos) JULY, this, was the most AUGUST month, in the year and the second day (join ten) The second day. Not love, but envy is SORROW, hail, read (kind traveler) And learn to live by example, learn to die. Thus he sang, not did he elevate.
The Plantagenet Arms indicate his being a 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England through his paternal grandfather John Bourchier 2nd Earl Bath and his paternal grandmother Eleanor Manners Countess Bath.
Diary of Anne Clifford. 12th July 1617. The 12th Mr Davis came hither to whom I shewed the award, desiring him to make an abstract of it to send down to the tenants. Presently after my Lord (age 28) came down hither, he being something kinder to me than he was, out of pity in regard he saw me so much troubled.
On 12th July 1627 George Villiers 1st Duke of Buckingham (age 34) led an English force of 100 ships and 6,000 soldiers to capture the city of Saint-Martin-de-Ré on the Île de Ré.
In August 1627 more troops, including the newly promoted Lieutenant John Felton (age 32), arrived.
On 3rd September 1627 two thousand Irish troops arrived under Ralph Bingley (age 57)
On 27th October 1627 a final assault was attempted; it failed because the attackers' siege ladders were shorter than the walls of the fortress.
In November 1627 George Villiers 1st Duke of Buckingham retreated and returned to England having lost thousands of his men.
On 12th July 1628 Henry Howard 6th Duke of Norfolk was born to Henry Howard 15th or 22nd Earl of Arundel 5th Earl of Surrey 2nd Earl Norfolk (age 19) and Elizabeth Stewart Countess Arundel and Norfolk (age 18). He married (1) 1652 his fifth cousin once removed Anne Somerset Countess Norfolk, daughter of Henry Somerset 1st Marquess Worcester and Anne Russell Countess Worcester, and had issue (2) 1675 Jane Bickerton Duchess Norfolk and had issue.
John Evelyn's Diary. 12th July 1649. It was about three in the afternoon, I took oars for Gravesend, Kent [Map]., accompanied by my cousin, Stephens, and sister, Glanville, who there supped with me and returned; whence I took post immediately to Dover, Kent [Map], where I arrived by nine in the morning; and, about eleven that night, went on board a barque guarded by a pinnace of eight guns; this being the first time the Packet-boat had obtained a convoy, having several times before been pillaged. We had a good passage, though chased for some hours by a pirate, but he dared not attack our frigate, and we then chased him till he got under the protection of the castle at Calais. It was a small privateer belonging to the Prince of Wales. I carried over with me my servant, Richard Hoare, an incomparable writer of several hands, whom I afterward preferred in the Prerogative Office, at the return of his Majesty. Lady Catherine Scott, daughter of the Earl of Norwich (age 64), followed us in a shallop, with Mr. Arthur Slingsby (age 26), who left England incognito. At the entrance of the town, the Lieutenant Governor, being on his horse with the guards, let us pass courteously. I visited Sir Richard Lloyd, an English gentleman, and walked in the church, where the ornament about the high altar of black marble is very fine, and there is a good picture of the Assumption. The citadel seems to be impregnable, and the whole country about it to be laid under water by sluices for many miles.
On 12th July 1651 Margaret Theresa Habsburg Holy Roman Empress was born to Philip IV King Spain (age 46) and Mariana of Austria Queen Consort Spain (age 16). Coefficient of inbreeding 25.39%. She married 1666 her uncle Leopold Habsburg Spain I Holy Roman Emperor, son of Ferdinand III Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Anna of Spain Holy Roman Empress, and had issue.
John Evelyn's Diary. 12th July 1654. We went to St. John's, saw the library and the two skeletons, which are finely cleansed and put together; observable is here also the store of mathematical instruments, chiefly given by the late Archbishop Laud, who built here a handsome quadrangle.
On 12th July 1657 Friedrich Wilhelm 3rd Duke of Saxe-Altenburg was born to Friedrich Wilhelm Wettin II Duke Saxe Altenburg (age 54).
In July 1660 King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 30) rewarded those who supported his Restoration...
2nd. Maurice Berkeley 3rd Viscount Fitzhardinge (age 32) was created 1st Baronet Berkeley of Bruton in Somerset. Anne Lee Viscountess Fitzhardinge (age 37) by marriage Lady Berkeley of Bruton in Somerset.
4th. Thomas Myddelton 1st Baronet (age 35) was created 1st Baronet Myddelton of Chirk Castle.
6th. Varney Noel 1st Baronet was created 1st Baronet Noel.
7th. George Monck 1st Duke Albemarle (age 51) was created 1st Duke Albemarle, 1st Earl Torrington in Devon. Anne Clarges Duchess Albermarle (age 41) by marriage Duchess Albemarle.
12th. Robert Hales 1st Baronet (age 50) was created 1st Baronet Hales of Beakesbourne in Kent.
12th. Edward Montagu 1st Earl Sandwich (age 34) was created 1st Earl Sandwich. Jemima Crew Countess Sandwich (age 35) by marriage Countess Sandwich.
14th. Elizabeth Feilding Countess Guildford was created 1st Countess Guildford by King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. The peerage for life.
18th. Samuel Morland 1st Baronet (age 35) was created 1st Baronet Morland of Sulhamstead Banister. Susanne de Milleville Lady Morland by marriage Lady Morland of Sulhamstead Banister.
23rd. Henry Vernon 1st Baronet (age 55) was created 1st Baronet Vernon of Hodnet in Shropshire.
23rd. John Aubrey 1st Baronet (age 54) was created 1st Baronet Aubrey of Llantrithyd in Glamorganshire.
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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On 12th July 1663 James Stewart 1st Duke Cambridge was born to James, Duke of York (age 29) and Anne Hyde Duchess of York (age 26) at St James's Palace [Map]. He died aged three in 1667.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 12th July 1664. And so rose, called up by my Lord Peterborough's (age 42) gentleman about getting his Lord's money to-day of Mr. Povy (age 50), wherein I took such order, that it was paid, and I had my £50 brought me, which comforts my heart. We sat at the office all the morning, then at home. Dined alone; sad for want of company and not being very well, and know not how to eat alone.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 12th July 1665. After doing what business I could in the morning, it being a solemn fast-day1 for the plague growing upon us, I took boat and down to Deptford, Kent [Map], where I stood with great pleasure an houre or two by my Lady Sandwich's (age 40) bedside, talking to her (she lying prettily in bed) of my Lady Jemimah's being from my Lady Pickering's (age 39) when our letters come to that place; she being at my Lord Montagu's, at Boughton, Northamptonshire. The truth is, I had received letters of it two days ago, but had dropped them, and was in a very extraordinary straite what to do for them, or what account to give my Lady, but sent to every place; I sent to Moreclacke, where I had been the night before, and there they were found, which with mighty joy come safe to me; but all ending with satisfaction to my Lady and me, though I find my Baroness Carteret (age 63) not much pleased with this delay, and principally because of the plague, which renders it unsafe to stay long at Deptford, Kent [Map].
Note 1. "A form of Common Prayer; together with an order for fasting for the averting of God's heavy visitation upon many places of this realm. The fast to be observed within the cities of London and Westminster and places adjacent, on Wednesday the twelfth of this instant July, and both there and in all parts of this realm on the first Wednesday in every month during the visitation" ("Calendar of State Papers", Domestic, 1664-65, p. 466).
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 12th July 1666. But was up again by five o'clock, and was forced to rise, having much business, and so up and dressed myself (enquiring, was told that Mrs. Tooker was gone hence to live at London) and away with Poundy to the Tower [Map], and thence, having shifted myself, but being mighty drowsy for want of sleep, I by coach to St. James's, to Goring House [Map], there to wait on my Lord Arlington (age 48) to give him an account of my night's worke, but he was not up, being not long since married: so, after walking up and down the house below,-being the house I was once at Hartlib's sister's wedding, and is a very fine house and finely furnished,-and then thinking it too much for me to lose time to wait my Lord's rising, I away to St. James's, and there to Sir W. Coventry (age 38), and wrote a letter to my Lord Arlington giving him an account of what I have done, and so with Sir W. Coventry into London, to the office. And all the way I observed him mightily to make mirth of the Duke of Albemarle (age 57) and his people about him, saying, that he was the happiest man in the world for doing of great things by sorry instruments. And so particularized in Sir W. Clerke (deceased), and Riggs, and Halsey, and others. And then again said that the only quality eminent in him was, that he did persevere; and indeed he is a very drudge, and stands by the King's business. And this he said, that one thing he was good at, that he never would receive an excuse if the thing was not done; listening to no reasoning for it, be it good or bad. But then I told him, what he confessed, that he would however give the man, that he employs, orders for removing of any obstruction that he thinks he shall meet with in the world, and instanced in several warrants that he issued for breaking open of houses and other outrages about the business of prizes, which people bore with either for affection or fear, which he believes would not have been borne with from the King (age 36), nor Duke (age 32), nor any man else in England, and I thinke he is in the right, but it is not from their love of him, but from something else I cannot presently say. Sir W. Coventry did further say concerning Warcupp, his kinsman, that had the simplicity to tell Sir W. Coventry, that the Duke did intend to go to sea and to leave him his agent on shore for all things that related to the sea. But, says Sir W. Coventry, I did believe but the Duke of Yorke would expect to be his agent on shore for all sea matters. And then he begun to say what a great man Warcupp was, and something else, and what was that but a great lyer; and told me a story, how at table he did, they speaking about antipathys, say, that a rose touching his skin any where, would make it rise and pimple; and, by and by, the dessert coming, with roses upon it, the Duchesse (age 29) bid him try, and they did; but they rubbed and rubbed, but nothing would do in the world, by which his lie was found at then.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 12th July 1666. She being gone, I to White Hall and there to Lord Arlington's (age 48), and met Mr. Williamson (age 32), and find there is no more need of my trouble about the Galliott, so with content departed, and went straight home, where at the office did the most at the office in that wearied and sleepy state I could, and so home to supper, and after supper falling to singing with Mercer did however sit up with her, she pleasing me with her singing of "Helpe, helpe", 'till past midnight and I not a whit drowsy, and so to bed.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 12th July 1667. To dinner, and very good discourse with my Lord. And after dinner Sir Thomas Crew (age 43) and I alone, and he tells me how I am mightily in esteem with the Parliament; there being harangues made in the House to the Speaker (age 50), of Mr. Pepys's readiness and civility to show them every thing, which I am at this time very glad of. He tells me the news of the King (age 37) and my Baroness Castlemayne (age 26) which I have wrote already this day, and the design of the Parliament to look into things very well before they give any more money, and I pray God they may.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 12th July 1667. Thence he set me down at my Lord Crew's (age 69) and away, and I up to my Lord, where Sir Thomas Crew (age 43) was, and by and by comes Mr. Caesar, who teaches my Lady's page upon the lute, and here Mr. Caesar did play some very fine things indeed, to my great liking. Here was my Lord Hinchingbrooke (age 19) also, newly come from Hinchingbroke [Map], where all well, but methinks I knowing in what case he stands for money by his demands to me and the report Mr. Moore gives of the management of the family, makes me, God forgive me! to condemn him, though I do really honour and pity them, though they deserve it not, that have so good an estate and will live beyond it.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 12th July 1667. And so Sir H. Cholmly (age 34) tells me they did all argue for peace, and so he do believe that the King (age 37) hath agreed to the three points Mr. Coventry (age 39) brought over, which I have mentioned before, and is gone with them back. He tells me further that the Duke of Buckingham (age 39) was before the Council the other day, and there did carry it very submissively and pleasingly to the King; but to my Lord Arlington (age 49), who do prosecute the business, he was most bitter and sharp, and very slighting. As to the letter about his employing a man to cast the King's nativity, says he to the King, "Sir", says he, "this is none of my hand, and I refer it to your Majesty whether you do not know this hand". the King answered, that it was indeed none of his, and that he knew whose it was, but could not recall it presently. "Why", says he, "it is my sister of Richmond's (age 45), some frolick or other of hers of some certain person; and there is nothing of the King's name in it, but it is only said to be his by supposition, as is said". the King, it seems, seemed not very much displeased with what the Duke had said; but, however, he is still in the Tower, and no discourse of his being out in haste, though my Baroness Castlemayne (age 26) hath so far solicited for him that the King and she are quite fallen out: he comes not to her, nor hath for some three or four days; and parted with very foul words, the King calling her a whore, and a jade that meddled with things she had nothing to do with at all: and she calling him fool; and told him if he was not a fool, he would not suffer his businesses to be carried on by fellows that did not understand them, and cause his best subjects, and those best able to serve him, to be imprisoned; meaning the Duke of Buckingham.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 12th July 1667. Up betimes and to my chamber, there doing business, and by and by comes Greeting and begun a new month with him, and now to learn to set anything from the notes upon the flageolet, but, Lord! to see how like a fool he goes about to give me direction would make a man mad. I then out and by coach to White Hall and to the Treasury chamber, where did a little business, and thence to the Exchequer to Burges, about Tangier business, and so back again, stepping into the Hall a little, and then homeward by coach, and met at White Hall with Sir H. Cholmly (age 34), and so into his coach, and he with me to the Excise Office, there to do a little business also, in the way he telling me that undoubtedly the peace is concluded; for he did stand yesterday where he did hear part of the discourse at the Council table, and there did hear the King (age 37) argue for it. Among other things, that the spirits of the seamen were down, and the forces of our enemies are grown too great and many for us, and he would not have his subjects overpressed; for he knew an Englishman would do as much as any man upon hopeful terms; but where he sees he is overpressed, he despairs soon as any other; and, besides that, they have already such a load of dejection upon them, that they will not be in temper a good while again. He heard my Chancellor (age 58) say to the King, "Sir", says he, "the whole world do complain publickly of treachery, that things have been managed falsely by some of his great ministers".-"Sir", says he, "I am for your Majesty's falling into a speedy enquiry into the truth of it, and, where you meet with it, punish it. But, at the same time, consider what you have to do, and make use of your time for having a peace; for more money will not be given without much trouble, nor is it, I fear, to be had of the people, nor will a little do it to put us into condition of doing our business". But Sir H. Cholmly tells me he [the] Chancellors did say the other day at his table, "Treachery!" says he; "I could wish we could prove there was anything of that in it; for that would imply some wit and thoughtfulness; but we are ruined merely by folly and neglect".
On 12th July 1690 General Charles Chalmot de Saint Ruhe (age 40) was killed at the Battle of the Boyne.
On 12th July 1691 John Hamilton was killed in action fighting for the Jacobites at Aughrim, County Galway during the Battle of Aughrim.
Theobald Dillon 7th Viscount Dillon was killed at Aughrim, County Galway during the Battle of Aughrim.
Walter Bellew 2nd Baron Bellew fought and where he was severely wounded and taken prisoner.
Charles Herbert was killed in action.
On 12th July 1712 Richard Cromwell Lord Protector (age 85) died.
On 12th July 1730 Katherine Knollys (age 33) died. She was buried at Lincoln Cathedral [Map].
Katherine Knollys: Around 1697 she was born to Charles Knollys 4th Earl Banbury and Elizabeth Lister Countess of Banbury.
Letters of Horace Walpole. Arlington Street, Jul 12, 1765.
If you knew with what difficulty and pain I write to you you would allow my dear sir that I have some zeal for your satisfaction I have been extremely ill for these last sixteen days with the gout all over me in head stomach and both feet but as it never budged from the latter it soon attracted all the venom from the upper parts Oh it is a venomous devil I have lain upon a couch for two days but I question whether I shall be so alert to day as I have had a great deal of pain in the night and little sleep Still I must write to you as it is both for your satisfaction and my own and as this is the first moment that I have enjoyed the liberty of the post for these three years We e may say what we will I may launch out and even you need not be discreet when our letters pass through Mr Conway's office He has already himself told you in form that he is your principal and I repeat how glad of it I am for your sake as well as for all others I told him last night that I believed the Duke of York had obtained the promise of a red riband for you and begged that promise at least of the late odious ministers might be fulfilled and that none of our new aspirants might be thrust in before you He readily with kind expressions towards you promised me his interest.
kind expressions towards you promised me his interest Well at last the four tyrants are gone undone by their own insolence and unpitied Their arrogance to the King and proscriptions of every body but their own crew forced his Majesty to try any thing rather than submit to such task masters Mr Pitt who was ready and willing to have assumed the burden was disappointed by the treachery of Lord Temple who has reconciled and leagued himself with his brother George In this distress the Duke of Čumberland has persuaded the Opposition to accept and form a ministry Without Mr Pitt they were unwilling but pressed and encouraged by Mr Pitt and fearing the crown should be reduced to worse shifts rather than again bend to the yoke they have submitted and every thing promises fairer than could be expected The Duke of Bedford, Grenville and the two secretaries are already dismissed and their places filled by Lord Winchelsea Lord Rockingham and Mr Dowdswell as First Commissioners of the Admiralty and Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer the Duke of Grafton and Mr Conway The list of ins and outs will be much more considerable by degrees though not rapidly nor executed with the merciless hand of late years for the present system is composed of men as much more virtuous in that respect as in every other than their predecessors Nobody has resigned yet but those immediately connected with the fallen as Lord Gower Lord Thomond and Lord Weymouth and who would not have been suffered to stay if they had desired it.
The crown of Ireland is offered to Lord Heriford All this sets my family in an illustrious light enough yet it does not dazzle me My wishes and intentions are just the same as they were Moderation privacy and quiet sum up all my future views and having seen my friends landed my little cock boat shall waft me to Strawberry as soon as I am able to get into it The gout they tell me is to ensure me a length of years and health but as I fear I must now and then renew the patent at the original expense I am not much flattered by so dear an annuity You may judge of my sensations when I tell you I reckon the greatest miracle ever performed was that of bidding the cripple take up his bed and walk I could as soon do the former as the latter .
Since I began to write I hear that this morning have kissed hands Lord Ashburnham (age 40) for the Great Wardrobe in room of Lord Despencer, Lord Besborough and Lord Grantham Postmasters in the places of Lord Hyde and Lord Trevor Lord Villierst as Vicechamberlain instead of old Will Finch who believe has a pension and Lord Scarborough who succeeds Lord Thomond in the Cofferer's office You will say that all this is strongly tinctured with peerage it is true but the House of Commons will have its dole though not yet as folks do not like a re election depending for six months.
The Duke of Bolton (age 47) the other morning nobody knows why or wherefore except that there is a good deal of madness in the blood sat himself down upon the floor in his dressing room and shot him self through the head. What is more remarkable is that it is the same house and same chamber in which Lord Scarborough performed the same exploit I do not believe that shooting one's self through the head is catching or that any contagion lies in a wainscot that makes one pull a suicide trigger but very possibly the idea might revert and operate on the brain of a splenetic man I am glad he had not a blue garter but a red one as the more plenty the sooner one gets to Florence.
This is a long epistle in my condition Pray unseal and decypher your lips now the tower has no longer the least air of the Bastille. Halifax, Sandwich (age 46) and General Warrants are sent to the devil though I believe Sandwich will contrive to return like Belphegor even though he should be obliged to marry his own wife (age 48) again but he can never get rid of the smell of brimstone Adieu.
The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 12th July 1783 Georgiana Cavendish Countess Carlisle was born to William Cavendish 5th Duke Devonshire (age 35) and Georgiana Spencer Duchess Devonshire (age 26). She married 21st March 1801 her fourth cousin George Howard 6th Earl Carlisle, son of Frederick Howard 5th Earl Carlisle and Margaret Caroline Leveson-Gower Countess Carlisle, and had issue.
12th July 1790. John Warwick Smith (age 40). "General view of the town & castle of Caernarvon [Map] from Tut Hill".
On 12th July 1816 James Innes-Kerr 6th Duke Roxburghe was born to James Innes-Kerr 5th Duke Roxburghe (age 80).
On 12th July 1829 Edwin Longsden Long was born in Bath, Somerset, the son of James Long, a hairdresser, from Kelston in Somerset. He married 1853 Margaret Jemima Aiton.
On 12th July 1843 John Winston Spencer-Churchill 7th Duke of Marlborough (age 21) and Frances Anne Emily Vane Duchess of Marlborough (age 21) were married. She the daughter of Charles William Vane 3rd Marquess Londonderry (age 65) and Frances Vane Tempest Marchioness Londonderry (age 43). He the son of George Spencer-Churchill 6th Duke of Marlborough (age 49) and Jane Stewart Duchess of Marlborough (age 45).
Vestiges of the Antiquities of Derbyshire. A smaller barrow having been discovered in the immediate vicinity of the foregoing it was opened on the 12th of July, 1843. Its small size and comparative low situation had undoubtedly prevented its being known as a barrow and are probably the reasons of its being destitute of any distinctive appellation. About a foot from the top in the middle part of the mound two skeletons were discovered one of which was nearly entire, the other seemed to have been disturbed. With these were found the fragments of a coarse dark-coloured urn, a flint arrow-head, a small piece of iron, part of a bridle-bit, and several horses' teeth. A complete stratum of rats' bones surrounded these bodies. Proceeding lower down, a cist, formed of large flat limestones, placed on edge, was disclosed; it was entirely filled up with very fine mould, which being removed, exposed two skeletons in an extremely decayed condition. Near the heads of these was placed a deposit of burnt human bones; and lower down, in the cist, an iron knife or dagger, contained in an iron sheath, was found. The south side of this tumulus being found to extend considerably further from the central point than any other part of the circle, it was thought that it might contain more interments, such having been proved in the case of a similarly extended barrow (Galley or Callidge Lowe [Map], 8d of July, 1843); and the result substantiated the correctness of this opinion, as on removing the soil to a very inconsiderable depth, a skeleton, evidently of a young person, was found to lie with its head towards the interior of the tumulus, and close to a quantity of calcined human bones; near the shoulders lay a highly-ornamented drinking-cup, a small brass or copper pin, pointed at each end, and a rude spear- or arrow-head of gray flint. In the immediate neighbourhood of this interment several horses' teeth and other animal bones were noticed.
Thomas Bateman 1845. The 12th of July, 1845, was devoted to the examination of a very large barrow [Map] [Note. Probably Ilam Tops Low [Map]] upon Ilam Moor, Staffordshire, which was found to be composed of alternate layers of earth and loose stones, some of considerable magnitude; these strata were clearly defined, there being no admixture of stone with the earthy layers, or of earth with the stony ones. At a distance of two yards from the centre, the cist, or vault, over which the mound had been originally piled, was discovered; it was excavated in a square form, about three feet deep in the solid rock, and was covered by several large blocks of stone, laid over the sides of the cist, the ends being raised, and meeting together so as to form a kind of cyclopean arch over the vault; these stones being removed, the cist was found to be filled with stones, amongst which were found the skull of a child, and a few scattered bones of a person of mature age; the floor of the cist was covered with a layer of charcoal, at least two inches in thickness, apparently produced from the combustion of oak timber; upon this stratum lay the head of a bull, un-burnt, and various other bones of the same animal, which were partially charred; near these, but not quite so low down, were the remains of two urns, one rudely, the other very neatly ornamented; a small brass pin pointed at each end; and a few bones of deer and dogs. Precisely in the centre of the tumulus, at about a yard from the surface, lay the skeleton of a dog, with which was a small chipping of flint; with this exception, nothing more was discovered in this very remarkable barrow, although no pains were spared in removing a large area of the artificial soil, until the rock came to view, upon which the whole fabric was raised. A somewhat similar instance of the discovery of a bulls head in a sepulchral cist is recorded as having been made in 1826 upon one of the cliffs at the bay of Worthbarrow, Dorsetshire, a place famed as the greatest depository in England for the well-known "Kimmeridge coal money" (See Miles's History of the Kimmeridge Coal Money, page 41.)
Adeline Horsey Recollections. On the morning of July 12, 1858, I was awakened by a loud knocking at the front door. I looked at my watch, and saw that it was not seven o'clock; I was, needless to say, very alarmed, as I wondered whether anything had happened to my father or my brothers. The knocking continued - I heard the bolts drawn, the door opened, and a voice I knew well called impatiently for me. It was Lord Cardigan (age 60)! I had just time to slip on a dressing-gown before he came into my room, sans ceremonie, and taking me in his arms he said, "' My dearest, she's (age 60) dead ... let's get married at once". Then I knew that the trying period of our probation was over, and that we were free to be happy together at last.
When Cardigan grew calmer he told me he had just come from his wife's death-bed. The poor lady had urged him to marry me, saying she knew that I should make him happy. She had also warned him against Maria, Marchioness of Ailesbury (age 45), the extent of whose love affairs, it appears, was only known to Lady Cardigan, who told his Lordship the unvarnished truth about them.
Note A. I did not wish to insult the memory of the dead woman, who had shown me so many kindnesses, I refused to marry Cardigan until some time had elapsed. He went to Ireland in his official capacity of Inspector of Cavalry, and I lived on quietly at Norfolk Street till September, when I left London for Cowes. I then went on board Lord Cardigan's yacht the Airedale, where he and a party of friends were awaiting me, and we sailed for Gibraltar.
Nothing particular occurred en route; we were all in the best of spirits, and I felt as though I were the Princess in some delightful fairy-tale. The day after we arrived at Gibraltar there was a terrible storm, almost tropical in its violence. Roofs were torn off houses and whirled, light as dead leaves, through the air, great trees were uprooted, heavy masonry fell everywhere, and the ships tossed about like cockle-shells in the harbour. It was almost a scene from the Inferno, and our horror was intensified when we saw the signals from a French vessel in distress. Nobody seemed inclined to put out, so I begged Lord Cardigan to send the Airedale to try and save the crew. He assented, and through this timely aid from our yacht fourteen men were rescued, and we also took a French poodle off a raft to which he was clinging, his owner doubtless having been drowned.
On 12th July 1887 John Bathurst Deane (age 89) died.
12th July 1897. James Lafayette (age 44). Photograph of Henry Chaplin 1st Viscount Chaplin (age 56) as "Marshal Lefevre" at the 1897 Devonshire House Ball.
On 12th July 1905 John Windsor was born to King George V of the United Kingdom (age 40) and Victoria Mary Teck Queen Consort England (age 38). Coefficient of inbreeding 1.86%.
The London Gazette 30180. Downing Street, 12th July, 1917.
The King has been pleased to cause Letters Patent, dated 11th May, 1917, to be passed under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom, constituting the office of Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief of the Dominion of New Zealand, in substitution for Letters Patent dated 18th November, 1907, constituting the office of Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the said Dominion.
His Majesty has also been pleased to appoint the Right Honourable the Earl of Liverpool (age 47), G.C.M.G., M.V.O., to be Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief of the Dominion of New Zealand
12th July 1922. Western Morning News. Page 4.
Will of the Earl of St Germans. Bequests to Servants and Godchildren.
Capt. the Right Hon. John Granville Cornwallis, sixth Earl of St. Germans, who died in Johannesburg on March 31 last, aged 31 years, left unsettled property in his own disposition of the gross value of 54,237 pounds 3s. 7d., with net personalty 42,193 pounds 18s. 3d. Probate of his will, dated August 3, 1918, has been granted to the Hon. Cyril Walter Ponsonby, of 4, Basil-mansions, Knightsbridge, S.W., and the Right Hon. Archibald Alexander, Earl of Leven and Melville, of 1, Sussex-square, Hyde Park, W.
The testator left 300 pounds to his butler, Robert Palmby; 200 pounds each to his keeper, John Scantlebury, and his coachman, Walter Prior; 100 pounds, a saddle, a pair of guns, and his gold watch and chain to his godson Nicholas Eliot; 100 pounds to his godson Richard John Crichton; 50 pounds to his goddaughter Pamela Allix; 500 pounds to the Hon. Cyril Ponsonby, as executor; his household and personal effects and live and dead farming stock at Port Eliot to his successor in the estates; and the Polmarkyn Farm, St. Germans, to his mother, the Right Hon. Emily Harriet, Dowager Countess of St. Germans.
All other property in his own disposition he left to his wife, the Right Hon. Blanche Linnie, Countess of St. Germans (daughter of the Duke of Beaufort).
The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
Wessex from the Air Plate 33a. Reference No. 200. Geological Formation. Upper Chalk. County. Wilts. 54 SW. (122: D. 6). Time and Date of Photograph. About 7.20 a.m., 12th July [1928]. Parish. Wilsford. Height of Aeroplane. 2,565 ft. (781 metres); calculated. Latitude, 51° 10' 12" N. Longitude. 1° 50' 0" W. Speed of Shutter, 1/90th of a second. Height above Sea Level 350 ft. (107 metres).
12th July 1928. Aerial view of Stonehenge, taken from a US Air Force plane on Christmas Eve 1943. © Historic England Archive
12th July 1959-16th. Stanley Spencer (age 68). Self-portrait. Painted over five days from July 12 to July 16; his final self-portrait.
On 12th July 1240 or 4th December 1240 Blanche Capet was born to King Louis IX of France (age 26) and Margaret Provence Queen Consort France (age 19) at Jaffa. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England. She died aged three in 1244.
On 12th July 1303 Hugh Courtenay 2nd or 10th Earl Devon was born to Hugh Courtenay 1st or 9th Earl Devon (age 26) and Agnes St John Countess Devon (age 28). He married 11th August 1325 his fifth cousin once removed Margaret Bohun Countess Devon, daughter of Humphrey Bohun 4th Earl Hereford 3rd Earl Essex and Princess Elizabeth of Rhuddlan Countess Essex, Hereford and Holland, and had issue.
On 12th July 1435 Edward Aviz was born to Edward "The Philosopher" I King Portugal (age 43) and Eleanor Trastámara Queen Consort Portugal. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 4.40%. He died aged less than one years old.
On 12th July 1532 Mechthild Wittelsbach was born to William Wittelsbach IV Duke Bavaria (age 38) and Marie Jakobaea Baden Duchess Bavaria (age 25). Coefficient of inbreeding 1.61%.
On 12th July 1628 Henry Howard 6th Duke of Norfolk was born to Henry Howard 15th or 22nd Earl of Arundel 5th Earl of Surrey 2nd Earl Norfolk (age 19) and Elizabeth Stewart Countess Arundel and Norfolk (age 18). He married (1) 1652 his fifth cousin once removed Anne Somerset Countess Norfolk, daughter of Henry Somerset 1st Marquess Worcester and Anne Russell Countess Worcester, and had issue (2) 1675 Jane Bickerton Duchess Norfolk and had issue.
On 12th July 1651 Margaret Theresa Habsburg Holy Roman Empress was born to Philip IV King Spain (age 46) and Mariana of Austria Queen Consort Spain (age 16). Coefficient of inbreeding 25.39%. She married 1666 her uncle Leopold Habsburg Spain I Holy Roman Emperor, son of Ferdinand III Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Anna of Spain Holy Roman Empress, and had issue.
On 12th July 1657 Friedrich Wilhelm 3rd Duke of Saxe-Altenburg was born to Friedrich Wilhelm Wettin II Duke Saxe Altenburg (age 54).
On 12th July 1663 James Stewart 1st Duke Cambridge was born to James, Duke of York (age 29) and Anne Hyde Duchess of York (age 26) at St James's Palace [Map]. He died aged three in 1667.
Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.
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On 12th July 1669 Henry Boyle 1st Baron Carleton was born to Charles Boyle 3rd Baron Clifford (age 29) and Jane Seymour (age 32). He was educated at Westminster School [Map].
On 12th July 1676 Barbara Lennard was born to Thomas Lennard 1st Earl of Sussex (age 22) and Anne Fitzroy Countess Sussex (age 15). She a granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.14%.
On 12th July 1683 John Perceval 1st Earl Egmont was born to John Perceval 3rd Baronet (age 23) and Catherine Dering at Burton, County Cork. He married 1710 Catherine Parker Countess Egmont, daughter of Philip Parker 2nd Baronet, and had issue.
On 12th July 1773 William Gerard 11th Baronet was born to Robert Cansfield Gerard 9th Baronet (age 48) and Catherine Anderton Lady Gerard (age 31).
On 12th July 1777 Bishop Henry Dudley Ryder was born to Nathaniel Ryder 1st Baron Harrowby (age 42) and Elizabeth Terrick Baroness Harrowby. He married 1802 Sophia March Phillips and had issue.
On 12th July 1778 Archdeacon Anthony Hamilton was born to Archdeacon Anthony Hamilton (age 39) and Anne Terrick in St Martin in the Fields Church [Map].
On 12th July 1783 Georgiana Cavendish Countess Carlisle was born to William Cavendish 5th Duke Devonshire (age 35) and Georgiana Spencer Duchess Devonshire (age 26). She married 21st March 1801 her fourth cousin George Howard 6th Earl Carlisle, son of Frederick Howard 5th Earl Carlisle and Margaret Caroline Leveson-Gower Countess Carlisle, and had issue.
On 12th July 1791 Charles Monck 3rd Viscount Monck was born to Charles Stanley Monck 1st Viscount Monck (age 37) and Anne Quin. He married 29th November 1817 Bridget Willington and had issue.
On 12th July 1794 Philip Musgrave 8th Baronet was born to John Chardin Musgrave 7th Baronet (age 37) and Mary Filmer (age 33).
On 12th July 1809 Alice Hamilton-Gordon was born to George Hamilton-Gordon 4th Earl Aberdeen (age 25) and Catherine Elizabeth Hamilton Countess Aberdeen (age 25).
On 12th July 1810 Vice-Admiral Henry Bagot was born to Bishop Richard Bagot (age 27) and Harriet Villiers (age 22). He married (1) 17th November 1846 his first cousin Wilhemina Frederica Bagot (2) 9th February 1858 Eleanor Chandos-Pole and had issue.
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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On 12th July 1816 James Innes-Kerr 6th Duke Roxburghe was born to James Innes-Kerr 5th Duke Roxburghe (age 80).
On 12th July 1827 Ulick Canning Burgh was born to Ulick Burgh 1st Marquess Clanricarde (age 24) and Harriet Canning Marchioness Clanricarde (age 23).
On 12th July 1829 William Henry Portman 2nd Viscount Portman was born to Edward Berkeley Fitzharding 1st Viscount Portman (age 30) and Emma Lascelles Baroness Portman (age 20). He married 21st June 1855 Mary Selina Wentworth-Fitzwilliam Viscountess Portman and had issue.
On 12th July 1829 Caroline Sophia Wyndham was born to George Wyndham 1st Baron Leconfield (age 42) and Mary Fanny Blunt. She married 13th March 1851 her fifth cousin Colonel Robert Nigel Fitzhardinge Kingscote.
On 12th July 1829 Edwin Longsden Long was born in Bath, Somerset, the son of James Long, a hairdresser, from Kelston in Somerset. He married 1853 Margaret Jemima Aiton.
On 12th July 1830 Reverend Gilbert Vyvyan Heathcote was born to William Heathcote 5th Baronet (age 29) and Caroline Frances Perceval Lady Heathcote. He married (1) 29th March 1853 his second cousin Eliza Heathcote (2) 14th November 1865 Helen Maxwell Cunningham and had issue (3) 20th November 1883 his first cousin once removed Mary Henrietta Perceval and had issue.
On 12th July 1831 Alfred Nathaniel Holden Curzon 4th Baron Scarsdale was born to Alfred Curzon (age 30) and Sophia Holden. He married 3rd July 1856 Blanche Pocklington Senhouse Baroness Scarsdale and had issue.
On 12th July 1843 Frederick Edward Baker aka Rhodes 4th Baronet was born to George Baker 3rd Baronet (age 27) and Mary Isabella Sutton Lady Baker.
On 12th July 1845 Frederick Charles Wombwell was born to George Wombwell 3rd Baronet (age 53) and Georgiana Hunter.
On 12th July 1851 Robert Curzon 15th Baron Zouche was born to Robert Curzon 14th Baron Zouche Harringworth (age 41). He married (1) 15th July 1875 Annie Mary Eleanor Fraser.
On 12th July 1864 Brien Ibrican Cokayne 1st Baron Cullen was born to George Edward Cockayne (age 39) and Mary Dorothea Gibbs.
Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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On 12th July 1867 Edward Herbert Gascoyne-Cecil was born to Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 3rd Marquess Salisbury (age 37) and Georgina Anderson (age 40). He married 18th June 1894 Violet Georgina Maxse Viscountess Milner and had issue.
On 12th July 1867 Henry John Mordaunt 12th Baronet was born to John Murray Mordaunt (age 29).
On 12th July 1872 Frederick Smith 1st Earl of Birkenhead was born. Winston Churchill was his godfather. He married April 1901 Margaret Eleanor Furneaux Countess of Birkenhead.
On 12th July 1881 Reginald Edward Strutt was born to Henry Strutt 2nd Baron Belper (age 41) and Margaret Coke Baroness Belper (age 29). He died aged six in 1888.
On 12th July 1899 Cecil George Weld-Forester 7th Baron Forester was born to George Cecil Beaumont Weld-Forester 6th Baron Forester (age 31).
On 12th July 1899 Terence Plunket 6th Baron Plunket was born to William Plunket 5th Baron Plunket (age 34) and Victoria Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood Baroness Plunket. He married 4th December 1922 Dorothé Mabel Lewis, daughter of Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart 7th Marquess of Londonderry and Fanny Ward aka Buchanan, and had issue.
On 12th July 1903 William Horace Montagu-Pollock was born to Montagu Frederick Montagu-Pollock 3rd Baronet (age 39). He married (1) 16th May 1933 Frances Elizabeth Prudence Williams.
On 12th July 1905 John Windsor was born to King George V of the United Kingdom (age 40) and Victoria Mary Teck Queen Consort England (age 38). Coefficient of inbreeding 1.86%.
On 12th July 1920 Oliver Piers St Aubyn was born to Francis Cecil St Aubyn 3rd Baron St Levan (age 25).
On 12th July 1925 Anne Camilla Eveline Wallop was born to Gerard Wallop 9th Earl of Portsmouth (age 27). She married Rupert Charles Montacute Neville, son of Guy Larnach Neville 4th Marquess Abergavenny and Isabel "Nellie" Larnach Marchioness Abergavenny, and had issue.
On 12th July 1472 Richard Duke of Gloucester (age 19) and Anne Neville (age 16) were married at St Stephen's Chapel, Westminster Palace [Map]. She by marriage Duchess Gloucester. She the daughter of Richard "Kingmaker" Neville Earl Warwick, 6th Earl Salisbury and Anne Beauchamp 16th Countess Warwick (age 45). He the son of Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York and Cecily "Rose of Raby" Neville Duchess York (age 57). They were first cousin once removed. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
On 12th July 1543 Henry VIII (age 52) and Catherine Parr (age 30) were married at Hampton Court Palace [Map]. She was crowned Queen Consort England. His sixth and last marriage, her third marriage; her previous husband had died four months before. The difference in their ages was 21 years. He the son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland and Elizabeth York Queen Consort England. They were third cousin once removed. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
Henry's two daughters Mary (age 27) and Elizabeth (age 9) attended, as did his niece Margaret Douglas Countess Lennox (age 27).
Catherine's sister Anne (age 28) attended with her husband William Herbert 1st Earl Pembroke (age 42).
Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke
Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.
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On 12th July 1669 Edward Hales 3rd Baronet (age 24) and Frances Windebank (age 23) were married at St Andrew's Church, Holborn [Map].
On 12th July 1683 George Downing 2nd Baronet (age 27) and Catherine Cecil Lady Downing were married. She the daughter of James Cecil 3rd Earl Salisbury and Margaret Manners Countess of Salisbury. They were fourth cousins.
On 12th July 1716 James Barry 4th Earl Barrymore (age 49) and Anne Chichester Countess Barrymore were married at St Anne's Church, Soho [Map]. She by marriage Countess Barrymore. She the daughter of Arthur Chichester 3rd Earl Donegal and Catherine Forbes (age 26). He the son of Richard Barry 2nd Earl Barrymore.
On 12th July 1731 George Fox Lane 1st Baron Bingley (age 34) and Harriet Benson Baroness Bingley (age 26) were married.
On 12th July 1755 Henry Bridgeman 1st Baron Bradford (age 29) and Elizabeth Simpson Baroness Bradford (age 20) were married.
On 12th July 1781 William Lowther 1st Earl Lonsdale (age 23) and Augusta Fane Countess Lonsdale (age 19) were married. She the daughter of John Fane 9th Earl of Westmoreland and Augusta Bertie.
On 12th July 1804 Francis Rawdon-Hastings 1st Marquess Hastings (age 49) and Flora Mure-Campbell Marchioness of Hastings (age 24) were married. The difference in their ages was 25 years. She the daughter of James Mure-Campbell 5th Earl Loudon. He the son of John Rawdon 1st Earl Moira and Elizabeth Hastings Countess Moira (age 73).
On 12th July 1830 John Hayford Thorold 10th Baronet (age 57) and Mary Anne Cary Lady Thorold were married. She by marriage Lady Thorold of Marston in Lincolnshire.
On 12th July 1841 George Child-Villiers 6th Earl Jersey (age 33) and Julia Peel Countess Jersey were married. He the son of George Child-Villiers 5th Earl Jersey (age 67) and Sarah Sophia Fane Countess Jersey (age 56).
On 12th July 1843 John Winston Spencer-Churchill 7th Duke of Marlborough (age 21) and Frances Anne Emily Vane Duchess of Marlborough (age 21) were married. She the daughter of Charles William Vane 3rd Marquess Londonderry (age 65) and Frances Vane Tempest Marchioness Londonderry (age 43). He the son of George Spencer-Churchill 6th Duke of Marlborough (age 49) and Jane Stewart Duchess of Marlborough (age 45).
This is a translation of the 'Memoires of Jacques du Clercq', published in 1823 in two volumes, edited by Frederic, Baron de Reissenberg. In his introduction Reissenberg writes: 'Jacques du Clercq tells us that he was born in 1424, and that he was a licentiate in law and a counsellor to Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, in the castellany of Douai, Lille, and Orchies. It appears that he established his residence at Arras. In 1446, he married the daughter of Baldwin de la Lacherie, a gentleman who lived in Lille. We read in the fifth book of his Memoirs that his father, also named Jacques du Clercq, had married a lady of the Le Camelin family, from Compiègne. His ancestors, always attached to the counts of Flanders, had constantly served them, whether in their councils or in their armies.' The Memoires cover a period of nineteen years beginning in in 1448, ending in in 1467. It appears that the author had intended to extend the Memoirs beyond that date; no doubt illness or death prevented him from carrying out this plan. As Reissenberg writes the 'merit of this work lies in the simplicity of its narrative, in its tone of good faith, and in a certain air of frankness which naturally wins the reader’s confidence.' Du Clercq ranges from events of national and international importance, including events of the Wars of the Roses in England, to simple, everyday local events such as marriages, robberies, murders, trials and deaths, including that of his own father in Book 5; one of his last entries.
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On 12th July 1859 Henry Bentinck Boyle 5th Earl Shannon (age 25) and Blanche Emma Lascelles (age 22) were married. She the daughter of Henry Lascelles 3rd Earl Harewood and Louisa Thynne Countess Harewood (age 58). He the son of Richard Boyle 4th Earl Shannon (age 50) and Emily Henrietta Seymour-Conway Countess Shannon. They were fifth cousin once removed. He a great x 4 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 12th July 1869 Major-General Hugh Richard Dawnay 8th Viscount Downe (age 24) and Cecilia Maria Charlotte Molyneux were married. She the daughter of Charles William Molyneux 3rd Earl Sefton.
On 12th July 1869 Lowry Cole 4th Earl Enniskillen (age 23) and Charlotte Marion Baird Countess of Enniskillen (age 17) were married. He the son of William Willoughby Cole 3rd Earl Enniskillen (age 62) and Jane Casamaijor Countess Enniskillen.
On 12th July 1877 William Henry Fellowes 2nd Baron de Ramsey of Ramsey Abbey (age 29) and Rosamond Jane Frances Spencer-Churchill (age 29) were married. She the daughter of John Winston Spencer-Churchill 7th Duke of Marlborough (age 55) and Frances Anne Emily Vane Duchess of Marlborough (age 55). They were sixth cousins.
On 12th July 1882 George Capell 7th Earl of Essex (age 24) and Ellenor Harriet Maria Harford (age 22) were married.
On 12th July 1886 Daniel Cooper 2nd Baronet (age 37) and Harriet Grant-Suttie Lady Cooper (age 25) were married.
On 12th July 1922 Roger Lumley 11th Earl of Scarbrough (age 25) and Katherine Isobel McEwen Countess Scarborough (age 22) were married at St Margaret's Church, Westminster [Map].
On 12th July 1974 Victor Hervey 6th Marquess of Bristol (age 58) and Yvonne Marie Sutton Marchioness Bristol (age 29) were married. She by marriage Marchioness of Bristol. The difference in their ages was 29 years. He the son of Herbert Hervey 5th Marquess of Bristol and Jean Cochrane.
On 12th July 1140 Henry Normandy I Count of Eu (age 65) died. His son John succeeded 6th Count Eu.
On 12th July 1245 William Percy 6th Baron Percy Topcliffe (age 48) died at Alnwick, Northumberland [Map]. He was buried at Fountains Abbey, North Yorkshire [Map]. His son Henry succeeded 7th Baron Percy of Topcliffe.
On 12th July 1320 Bishop John D'Aldreby died.
On 12th July 1330 Isabella Barcelona Duchess Austria (age 25) died.
Annals of the six Kings of England by Nicholas Trivet
Translation of the Annals of the Six Kings of England by that traces the rise and rule of the Angevin aka Plantagenet dynasty from the mid-12th to early 14th century. Written by the Dominican scholar Nicholas Trivet, the work offers a vivid account of English history from the reign of King Stephen through to the death of King Edward I, blending political narrative with moral reflection. Covering the reigns of six monarchs—from Stephen to Edward I—the chronicle explores royal authority, rebellion, war, and the shifting balance between crown, church, and nobility. Trivet provides detailed insight into defining moments such as baronial conflicts, Anglo-French rivalry, and the consolidation of royal power under Edward I, whose reign he describes with particular immediacy. The Annals combines careful year-by-year reporting with thoughtful interpretation, presenting history not merely as a sequence of events but as a moral and political lesson. Ideal for readers interested in medieval history, kingship, and the origins of the English state, this chronicle remains a valuable and accessible window into the turbulent world of the Plantagenet kings.
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On 12th July 1504 John Hastings 11th Baron Hastings (age 38) died. His brother George de jure 12th Baron Hastings.
On 12th July 1537 Robert Aske (age 37) was hanged in chains at Clifford's Tower. The date may have been Friday 06 Jul as implied by the letters of the Duke of Norfolk?
George aka William Lumley and Nicholas Tempest (age 57) were hanged at Tyburn [Map].
On 12th July 1586 Edward Sutton 4th Baron Dudley (age 61) died. He was buried at St Margaret's Church, Westminster [Map]. His son Edward (age 18) succeeded 5th Baron Dudley. Theodosia Harrington Baroness Dudley by marriage Baroness Dudley.
On 12th July 1623 William Bourchier 3rd Earl Bath (age 65) died. His son Edward (age 33) succeeded 4th Earl Bath, 14th Baron Fitzwarin, 5th Baron Daubeney.
On 12th July 1664 Francis Seymour 1st Baron Seymour of Trowbridge (age 74) died. He was buried in the Chanel of St Mary's Church, Great Bedwyn [Map]. His son Charles (age 43) succeeded 2nd Baron Seymour of Trowbridge.
On 12th July 1673 William Strickland 1st Baronet (age 77) died. His son Thomas (age 34) succeeded 2nd Baronet Strickland of Boynton in Yorkshire.
On 12th July 1691 John Hamilton was killed in action fighting for the Jacobites at Aughrim, County Galway during the Battle of Aughrim.
Theobald Dillon 7th Viscount Dillon was killed at Aughrim, County Galway during the Battle of Aughrim.
Walter Bellew 2nd Baron Bellew fought and where he was severely wounded and taken prisoner.
Charles Herbert was killed in action.
On 12th July 1704 Cicely Brereton Countess Meath (age 64) died.
On 12th July 1712 Richard Cromwell Lord Protector (age 85) died.
On 12th July 1715 Charles Willoughby 14th Baron Willoughby of Parham (age 32) died. His son Hugh succeeded 15th Baron Willoughby Parham.
On 12th July 1749 George Carpenter 2nd Baron Carpenter (age 54) died at Grosvenor Square, Belgravia. He was buried at St Andrew's Church, Owlesbury [Map]. His son George (age 25) succeeded 3rd Baron Carpenter of Killaghy in County Tipperary. Frances Clifton Countess Tyrconnel by marriage Baroness Carpenter of Killaghy in County Tipperary.
On 12th July 1749 Robert Bruce Cotton 5th Baronet (age 71) died. His son John (age 9) succeeded 6th Baronet Cotton of Conington in Huntingdonshire.
On 12th July 1767 William Bowyer 3rd Baronet (age 57) died. His son William (age 31) succeeded 4th Baronet Bowyer of Denham Court.
Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke
Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 12th July 1814 William Howe 5th Viscount Howe (age 84) died. Viscount Howe, Baron Glenawley extinct.
On 12th July 1820 Bishop Brownlow North (age 78) died.
On 12th July 1821 Charles Wheler 7th Baronet (age 90) died at Bath, Somerset [Map]. His son Trevor (age 58) succeeded 8th Baronet Wheler of the City of Westminster.
On 12th July 1887 John Bathurst Deane (age 89) died.
On 12th July 1906 Bridges Powell Henniker 4th Baronet (age 70) died. His son Frederick (age 43) succeeded 5th Baronet Henniker of Newton Hall in Essex.
On 26th May 1911 Sybil Cholmondeley (age 39) died two weeks after falling out of a window at her home at 5 Wilton Place, Belgravia and suffering severe injuries. At an inquest, the coroner found that the fall was purely accidental.
The Advertiser (Adelaide, SA: 1889 - 1931). 12th July 1911
AN, AWFUL FALL.
A terrible fate befell the only sister of Lord Delamere (age 41), as disclosed at the inquest at Westminster, London. Mrs. Sybil Burnaby, according to the tragic story, had been kneeling at an open, window on a settle which ran upon castors and wishing to know the time, stood on the settle and reached forward to see the clock of St. Paul's Church. The leafage of the trees obstructed her view, and is she leaned further the settle ran from under her, and she fell. A nurse, who had been standing, a yard or two away, managed to seize her dress as she fell through the window, and Mrs. Burnaby turned and grasped the wooden window frame. The nurse, retaining a frenzied hold of the dress with both bands, screamed for aid. Mrs. Barnaby's maid rushed in; she also reached through the window and caught at the dress, her mistress imploring them, "Don't let me go!'' For a moment or two they held her so, when suddenly time silk material of the dress ripped and tore in their hands. Mrs. Burnaby's fingers were wrenched from the window-sill, and she fell from the bedroom window to the area beneath. Suffering from terrible fractures, she was still conscious when admitted to the hospital. Captain Edward Seymour stated that Mrs. Burnaby, who was his cousin, was 39 years of age. He was the executor of her will. She had been married to Colonel Algernon Edwyn Burnaby (age 43), formerly of the Royal Horse Guards, but she obtained a divorce from him in 1892 [Note. A mistake for 1902]. Since then she had lived chiefly in Wilton-place. She had no trouble in her affairs, and, to the best of his belief, she had got over the trouble of the divorce from her husband. She was a person of calm and quiet disposition. The nurse, Katherine Cleghorn, said the accident happened about 7 in the; morning, when Mrs. Burnaby came into the witness bedroom as usual. She was partly dressed I and looking quite bright and cheerful. The surgeon at St. George's Hospital said Mrs. Burnaby's injuries were a compound compressed comminuted fracture of the frontal bone and fracture of both thighs. She was not unconscious, but he did not ask her any questions. The Coroner said there was no doubt that Mrs. Barnaby's death was purely accidental. A verdict accordingly was returned.
On 12th July 1924 Percy Dixwell Oxenden 10th Baronet (age 86) died. Baronet Oxenden of Dene in Kent extinct.
On 12th July 1936 Eleanor Harbord Lady Musgrave (age 68) died.
On 12th July 1936 Charles Alfred Worsley Anderson 4th Earl Yarborough (age 77) died. His son Sackville (age 47) succeeded 5th Earl Yarborough, 6th Baron Yarborough.
On 12th July 1937 Hugo Charteris 11th Earl of Wemyss (age 79) died.
On 12th July 1954 Margaret Louisa Everard ffolkes Viscountess Dillon died.
Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke
Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 12th July 1994 Sybil Helen Gibbons Lady Shiffner (age 96) died.
On 12th July 2001 Michael David Hogg 8th Baronet (age 75) died. His son Piers (age 43) succeeded 9th Baronet Hogg of Upper Grosvenor Street in London.